Daucus is a worldwide genus of herbaceous plants of the celery family Apiaceae of which the best-known species is the cultivated carrot. Daucus has about 75 species.[1] The oldest carrot fossil is 1.3 Ma, and was found on the island of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean.[2]
Members of Daucus are distinguished within the family Apiaceae by their leaves which are 2–3 pinnatisect with narrow end sections. The genus primarily consists of biennial plants but also includes some annual plants and some perennial herbs. All Daucus have bristly stems. The inflorescences are umbels. The flowers are mostly white, with bracts and bracteoles. The petals may be pure white, reddish, pinkish or yellowish. They are emarginate above and have pointed, wrapped lobules. The petals are often unequal in size, with petals at the outermost edge of the inflorescence often being larger. The fruit is an ovoid to ellipsoidal schizocarp, cylindrical or compressed, with ciliate primary ribs and secondary ribs with a row of hooked spines.[3] Some species have a small pale or white edible taproot, similar to a radish, which may or may not be bitter in taste.
Ecologyedit
Daucuspollination is carried out by insects, primarily: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. It is a cosmopolitan genus with endemic species on most continents as well as on many islands and in isolated areas.[citation needed] The genus centre is in North Africa and Southwest Asia in the Temperate Zone.[citation needed] Prolonged dry or cold weather tends to retard growth in Daucus species, but the genus as a whole is evolutionarily adaptative to these conditions.[citation needed] Some Daucus species accumulate substantial resources in large underground taproots without impeding plant development.[citation needed] Native to Europe is the carrot, with two subspecies: wild carrot and (subsp carota Daucus carota), a cultivated form of carrot, also called garden carrot.
Four members of the Daucus genus were examined to determine differences in isoenzyme patterns and plastid DNA. The four were: Daucus carota subspecies sativus cultivar Danvers, D. carota subsp. gummifer, D. capillifolius, and D. pusillus. Although only one form of HSDH (homoserine dehydrogenase) was present in each Daucus line, the rate of migration of HSDH from cv. Danvers was different from that of the others. Multiple isoenzymic forms of ADH were present in each Daucus cultivar. Comparison of endonuclease restriction fragment patterns from plastid DNAs digested by BamHI revealed only small differences between plastid DNAs of cv. Danvers and subsp. gummifer, whereas large differences were observed between cv. Danvers and D. pusillus plastid DNA patterns. No differences were found between cv. Danvers and D. capillifolius plastid DNA patterns when examined using eight different restriction enzymes. The data indicate that specific isoenzyme and organelle DNA restriction fragment patterns will be useful markers for precise identification of genomes of different Daucus species.[4]
Systematicsedit
The genus comprises about 75 species,[1] including:
Daucus aureus Desfontaines; yellow fruit's carrot, golden carrot
^Góis‐Marques, Carlos A.; Nascimento, Lea de; Fernández‐Palacios, José María; Madeira, José; Sequeira, Miguel Menezes de (2019). "Tracing insular woodiness in giant Daucus (s.l.) fruit fossils from the Early Pleistocene of Madeira Island (Portugal)". Taxon. 68 (6): 1314–1320. doi:10.1002/tax.12175. hdl:10400.13/5323. ISSN 1996-8175. S2CID 214067624.
^"Daucus carota (Carrot)". CAB International. 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
^Benjamin F. Matthews; Kenneth G. Wilson; Lorin R. DeBonte (January 1984). "Variation in Culture, Isoenzyme Patterns and Plastid DNA in the Genus Daucus". In Vitro. 20 (1): 38–44. doi:10.1007/BF02633330. JSTOR 4292775. S2CID 42829077.
^Ogren, Thomas Leo (2015). The Allergy-Fighting Garden. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN9781607744917.
species list on the Germplasm Resources Information Network
Daucus - Synonyms Index synonymique France (French)
March 17, 2024
daucus, worldwide, genus, herbaceous, plants, celery, family, apiaceae, which, best, known, species, cultivated, carrot, about, species, oldest, carrot, fossil, found, island, madeira, atlantic, ocean, carotascientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclade, tra. Daucus is a worldwide genus of herbaceous plants of the celery family Apiaceae of which the best known species is the cultivated carrot Daucus has about 75 species 1 The oldest carrot fossil is 1 3 Ma and was found on the island of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean 2 DaucusDaucus carotaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder ApialesFamily ApiaceaeSubfamily ApioideaeTribe ScandiceaeSubtribe DaucinaeGenus DaucusL 1753SpeciesSee textSynonymsListAgrocharis Hochst Ammiopsis Boiss Babiron Raf Ballimon Raf Carota Rupr Caucaliopsis H Wolff Ctenodaucus Pomel Durieua Boiss amp Reut Gynophyge Gilli Heterosciadium Lange ex Willk Melanaton Raf Melanoselinum Hoffm Meopsis Calest Koso Pol Monizia Lowe Pachyctenium Maire amp Pamp Peltactila Raf Platydaucon Rchb Platyspermum Hoffm Pomelia Durando ex Pomel Pseudorlaya Murb Rouya Coincy Staflinus Raf Tetrapleura Parl Tiricta Raf Tornabenea Parl Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Systematics 4 Allergenicity 5 References 6 External linksDescription editMembers of Daucus are distinguished within the family Apiaceae by their leaves which are 2 3 pinnatisect with narrow end sections The genus primarily consists of biennial plants but also includes some annual plants and some perennial herbs All Daucus have bristly stems The inflorescences are umbels The flowers are mostly white with bracts and bracteoles The petals may be pure white reddish pinkish or yellowish They are emarginate above and have pointed wrapped lobules The petals are often unequal in size with petals at the outermost edge of the inflorescence often being larger The fruit is an ovoid to ellipsoidal schizocarp cylindrical or compressed with ciliate primary ribs and secondary ribs with a row of hooked spines 3 Some species have a small pale or white edible taproot similar to a radish which may or may not be bitter in taste Ecology editDaucus pollination is carried out by insects primarily Lepidoptera Coleoptera Diptera and Hymenoptera It is a cosmopolitan genus with endemic species on most continents as well as on many islands and in isolated areas citation needed The genus centre is in North Africa and Southwest Asia in the Temperate Zone citation needed Prolonged dry or cold weather tends to retard growth in Daucus species but the genus as a whole is evolutionarily adaptative to these conditions citation needed Some Daucus species accumulate substantial resources in large underground taproots without impeding plant development citation needed Native to Europe is the carrot with two subspecies wild carrot and subsp carota Daucus carota a cultivated form of carrot also called garden carrot Four members of the Daucus genus were examined to determine differences in isoenzyme patterns and plastid DNA The four were Daucus carota subspecies sativus cultivar Danvers D carota subsp gummifer D capillifolius and D pusillus Although only one form of HSDH homoserine dehydrogenase was present in each Daucus line the rate of migration of HSDH from cv Danvers was different from that of the others Multiple isoenzymic forms of ADH were present in each Daucus cultivar Comparison of endonuclease restriction fragment patterns from plastid DNAs digested by BamHI revealed only small differences between plastid DNAs of cv Danvers and subsp gummifer whereas large differences were observed between cv Danvers and D pusillus plastid DNA patterns No differences were found between cv Danvers and D capillifolius plastid DNA patterns when examined using eight different restriction enzymes The data indicate that specific isoenzyme and organelle DNA restriction fragment patterns will be useful markers for precise identification of genomes of different Daucus species 4 Systematics editThe genus comprises about 75 species 1 including Daucus aureus Desfontaines yellow fruit s carrot golden carrot Daucus aleppicus J Thiebaut Lebanon and Syria Daucus annuus Beg Wojew Reduron Banasiak amp Spalik Cape Verde synonymous with D carota ssp annuus Daucus arcanus F Garcia Mart amp Silvestre syn with D pusillus Daucus aureus Desf Northern Africa Mediterranean Daucus biseriatus Murb Algeria Morocco Daucus blanchei Reut syn with D carota ssp carota Daucus broteri Tenore Brotero s carrot Southeastern Europe to Iran Daucus capillifolius Gilli Arbizu Libya syn with D carota ssp capillifolius Daucus carota L wild carrot Queen Anne s lace Daucus crinitus Boiss Kuntze Iraq to Pakistan syn with Psammogeton canescens subsp canescens Daucus decipiens Schrad amp J C Wendl Spalik Wojew Banasiak amp Reduron Macaronesia Daucus della cellae Asch amp Barbey ex E A Durand amp Barratte Spalik Banasiak amp Reduron Daucus durieua Lange Durieu s carrot Canary Islands Iberian Peninsula Levant Daucus edulis Lowe Wojew Reduron Banasiak amp Spalik Madeira Selvagens Daucus elegans Daucus glaberrimus Daucus glochidiatus La Billardiere Fisch C A Mey amp Ave Lall Daucus gracilis Daucus guttatus Sibthorp amp Smith Daucus hirtus Daucus hochstetteri Daucus humilis Daucus incognitus Daucus insularis Parl Spalik Wojew Banasiak amp Reduron Cape Verde Daucus involucratus Daucus jordanicus Daucus littoralis Sibthorp amp Smith Daucus mauritii Daucus melananthos Daucus microscias Daucus minusculus Daucus mirabilis Daucus montanus Humb amp Bonpl ex Spreng Daucus muricatus L L Daucus pedunculatus Daucus pumilus L Hoffmanns amp Link Canary Islands Daucus pusillus Michx American wild carrot Daucus reboudii Daucus ribeirensis Daucus rouyi Daucus sahariensis Daucus setifolius Daucus tenuisectus Daucus tenuissimus Daucus virgatus Daucus yemenensisAllergenicity editDaucus has an OPALS allergy scale rating of 10 out of 10 indicating extremely high potential to cause allergic reactions 5 References edit a b WFO 2023 Daucus L Published on the Internet http www worldfloraonline org taxon wfo 4000010858 Accessed on 23 Jan 2023 Gois Marques Carlos A Nascimento Lea de Fernandez Palacios Jose Maria Madeira Jose Sequeira Miguel Menezes de 2019 Tracing insular woodiness in giant Daucus s l fruit fossils from the Early Pleistocene of Madeira Island Portugal Taxon 68 6 1314 1320 doi 10 1002 tax 12175 hdl 10400 13 5323 ISSN 1996 8175 S2CID 214067624 Daucus carota Carrot CAB International 2019 Retrieved 10 November 2019 Benjamin F Matthews Kenneth G Wilson Lorin R DeBonte January 1984 Variation in Culture Isoenzyme Patterns and Plastid DNA in the Genus Daucus In Vitro 20 1 38 44 doi 10 1007 BF02633330 JSTOR 4292775 S2CID 42829077 Ogren Thomas Leo 2015 The Allergy Fighting Garden Berkeley Ten Speed Press ISBN 9781607744917 The article is based on the following sources Seybold Siegmund eds interactive Schmeil Fitschen CD Rom Source amp Meyer Wiebelsheim 2001 2002 ISBN 3 494 01327 6 Daucus Flora of ChinaExternal links editspecies list on the Germplasm Resources Information Network Daucus Synonyms Index synonymique France French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Daucus amp oldid 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