This article is about the homonym main island on the Archipelago and Autonomous Region of Madeira. For other uses, see Madeira (disambiguation).
Madeira is a Portuguese island, and is the largest and most populous of the Madeira Archipelago. It has an area of 740.7 km2 (286 sq mi), including Ilhéu de Agostinho, Ilhéu de São Lourenço, Ilhéu Mole (northwest). As of 2011, Madeira had a total population of 262,456.
The island is the top of a massive submerged shield volcano that rises about 6 km (3.7 mi) from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. The volcano formed atop an east–west rift[1][2] in the oceanic crust along the African Plate, beginning during the Miocene epoch over 5 million years ago, continuing into the Pleistocene until about 700,000 years ago.[3] This was followed by extensive erosion, producing two large amphitheatres open to south in the central part of the island. Volcanic activity later resumed, producing scoria cones and lava flows atop the older eroded shield. The most recent volcanic eruptions were on the west-central part of the island only 6,500 years ago, creating more cinder cones and lava flows.[3]
Madeira is the largest island of the group with an area of 741 km2 (286 sq mi), a length of 57 km (35 mi) (from Ponta de São Lourenço to Ponta do Pargo), while approximately 22 km (14 mi) at its widest point (from Ponta da Cruz to Ponta de São Jorge), with a coastline of 150 km (90 mi). It has a mountain ridge that extends along the centre of the island, reaching 1,862 m (6,109 ft) at its highest point (Pico Ruivo), while much lower (below 200 m or 660 ft) along its eastern extent. The primitive volcanic foci responsible for the central mountainous area, consisted of the peaks: Ruivo (1,862 m or 6,109 ft), Torres (1,851 m or 6,073 ft), Arieiro (1,818 m or 5,965 ft), Cidrão (1,802 m or 5,912 ft), Cedro (1,759 m or 5,771 ft), Casado (1,725 m or 5,659 ft), Grande (1,657 m or 5,436 ft), Ferreiro (1,582 m or 5,190 ft). At the end of this eruptive phase, an island circled by reefs was formed, its marine vestiges are evident in a calcareous layer in the area of Lameiros, in São Vicente (which was later explored for calcium oxide production). Sea cliffs, such as Cabo Girão, valleys and ravines extend from this central spine, making the interior generally inaccessible.[4] Daily life is concentrated in the many villages at the mouths of the ravines, through which the heavy rains of autumn and winter usually travel to the sea.[5]
madeira, island, this, article, about, homonym, main, island, archipelago, autonomous, region, madeira, other, uses, madeira, disambiguation, madeira, portuguese, island, largest, most, populous, madeira, archipelago, area, including, ilhéu, agostinho, ilhéu, . This article is about the homonym main island on the Archipelago and Autonomous Region of Madeira For other uses see Madeira disambiguation Madeira is a Portuguese island and is the largest and most populous of the Madeira Archipelago It has an area of 740 7 km2 286 sq mi including Ilheu de Agostinho Ilheu de Sao Lourenco Ilheu Mole northwest As of 2011 Madeira had a total population of 262 456 MadeiraSatellite image of MadeiraLocation of MadeiraGeographyLocationAtlantic OceanCoordinates32 39 4 N 16 54 35 W 32 65111 N 16 90972 W 32 65111 16 90972ArchipelagoMadeira ArchipelagoAdjacent toAtlantic OceanArea740 7 km2 286 0 sq mi Highest pointPico Ruivo 1 862 m 6 109 ft AdministrationPortugalAutonomous RegionAutonomous Region of MadeiraCapital and largest CityFunchalDemographicsPopulation267 785 2011 The island is the top of a massive submerged shield volcano that rises about 6 km 3 7 mi from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean The volcano formed atop an east west rift 1 2 in the oceanic crust along the African Plate beginning during the Miocene epoch over 5 million years ago continuing into the Pleistocene until about 700 000 years ago 3 This was followed by extensive erosion producing two large amphitheatres open to south in the central part of the island Volcanic activity later resumed producing scoria cones and lava flows atop the older eroded shield The most recent volcanic eruptions were on the west central part of the island only 6 500 years ago creating more cinder cones and lava flows 3 Madeira is the largest island of the group with an area of 741 km2 286 sq mi a length of 57 km 35 mi from Ponta de Sao Lourenco to Ponta do Pargo while approximately 22 km 14 mi at its widest point from Ponta da Cruz to Ponta de Sao Jorge with a coastline of 150 km 90 mi It has a mountain ridge that extends along the centre of the island reaching 1 862 m 6 109 ft at its highest point Pico Ruivo while much lower below 200 m or 660 ft along its eastern extent The primitive volcanic foci responsible for the central mountainous area consisted of the peaks Ruivo 1 862 m or 6 109 ft Torres 1 851 m or 6 073 ft Arieiro 1 818 m or 5 965 ft Cidrao 1 802 m or 5 912 ft Cedro 1 759 m or 5 771 ft Casado 1 725 m or 5 659 ft Grande 1 657 m or 5 436 ft Ferreiro 1 582 m or 5 190 ft At the end of this eruptive phase an island circled by reefs was formed its marine vestiges are evident in a calcareous layer in the area of Lameiros in Sao Vicente which was later explored for calcium oxide production Sea cliffs such as Cabo Girao valleys and ravines extend from this central spine making the interior generally inaccessible 4 Daily life is concentrated in the many villages at the mouths of the ravines through which the heavy rains of autumn and winter usually travel to the sea 5 View from Pico do Arieiro Seamounts of Northeastern Atlantic between Madeira and continental Portugal with Madeira archipelago on the bottom left cornerSee also editMadeira the archipelago and Autonomous Region named after Madeira IslandReferences edit Geldemacher et al 2000 Ribeiro 2001 a b Madeira Global Volcanism Program Smithsonian Institution MadeiraHelp com MadeiraHelp com 22 February 1999 Archived from the original on 31 July 2010 Retrieved 30 July 2010 Robert White 1851 p 4 Portals nbsp Islands nbsp Portugal Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Madeira Island amp oldid 1152452134, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
