Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CuO. A black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being Cu2O or copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide). As a mineral, it is known as tenorite. It is a product of copper mining and the precursor to many other copper-containing products and chemical compounds.[3]
It is produced on a large scale by pyrometallurgy, as one stage in extracting copper from its ores. The ores are treated with an aqueous mixture of ammonium carbonate, ammonia, and oxygen to give copper(I) and copper(II) ammine complexes, which are extracted from the solids. These complexes are decomposed with steam to give CuO.
It can be formed by heating copper in air at around 300–800°C:
When cupric oxide is substituted for iron oxide in thermite the resulting mixture is a low explosive, not an incendiary.
Structure and physical properties
Copper(II) oxide belongs to the monoclinic crystal system. The copper atom is coordinated by 4 oxygen atoms in an approximately square planar configuration.[1]
As a significant product of copper mining, copper(II) oxide is the starting point for the production of other copper salts. For example, many wood preservatives are produced from copper oxide.[3]
Cupric oxide is used as a pigment in ceramics to produce blue, red, and green, and sometimes gray, pink, or black glazes.
It is incorrectly used as a dietary supplement in animal feed.[7] Due to low bioactivity, negligible copper is absorbed.[8]
Used as moderate blue coloring agent in blue flame compositions with additional chlorine donors and oxidizers such as chlorates and perchlorates. Providing oxygen it can be used as flash powder oxidizer with metal fuels such as magnesium, aluminium, or magnalium powder. Sometimes it is used in strobe effects and thermite compositions as crackling stars effect.
^ abThe effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ambient temperature structure of CuO, Forsyth J.B., Hull S., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 3 (1991) 5257–5261 , doi:10.1088/0953-8984/3/28/001. Crystallographic point group: 2/m or C2h. Space group: C2/c. Lattice parameters: a = 4.6837(5), b = 3.4226(5), c = 5.1288(6), α = 90°, β = 99.54(1)°, γ = 90°.
^ abO. Glemser and H. Sauer (1963). "Copper, Silver, Gold". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 1. NY,NY: Academic Press.
^Cudennec, Yannick; Lecerf, André (November 2003). "The transformation of Cu(OH)2 into CuO, revisited" (PDF). Solid State Sciences. 5 (11–12): 1471–1474. Bibcode:2003SSSci...5.1471C. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2003.09.009. S2CID 96363475.
^F. P. Koffyberg and F. A. Benko (1982). "A photoelectrochemical determination of the position of the conduction and valence band edges of p-type CuO". J. Appl. Phys. 53 (2): 1173. Bibcode:1982JAP....53.1173K. doi:10.1063/1.330567.
^"Uses of Copper Compounds: Other Copper Compounds". Copper Development Association. 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
^ Cupric Oxide Should Not Be Used As a Copper Supplement for Either Animals or Humans, Baker, D. H., J. Nutr. 129, 12 (1999) 2278-2279
^"Cupric Oxide Data Sheet". Hummel Croton Inc. 2006-04-21. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
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copper, oxide, cupric, oxide, inorganic, compound, with, formula, black, solid, stable, oxides, copper, other, being, cu2o, copper, oxide, cuprous, oxide, mineral, known, tenorite, product, copper, mining, precursor, many, other, copper, containing, products, . Copper II oxide or cupric oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CuO A black solid it is one of the two stable oxides of copper the other being Cu2O or copper I oxide cuprous oxide As a mineral it is known as tenorite It is a product of copper mining and the precursor to many other copper containing products and chemical compounds 3 Copper II oxide NamesIUPAC name Copper II oxideOther names Cupric oxideIdentifiersCAS Number 1317 38 0 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageInteractive imageChEBI CHEBI 75955 NChEMBL ChEMBL1909057 NChemSpider 144499 YECHA InfoCard 100 013 882EC Number 215 269 1PubChem CID 14829RTECS number GL7900000UNII V1XJQ704R4 YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID5034488InChI InChI 1S Cu O q 2 2 YKey KKCXRELNMOYFLS UHFFFAOYSA N YInChI 1 Cu O rCuO c1 2Key QPLDLSVMHZLSFG PHEGLCPBANInChI 1 Cu O q 2 2Key KKCXRELNMOYFLS UHFFFAOYATSMILES Cu O Cu 2 O 2 PropertiesChemical formula CuOMolar mass 79 545 g molAppearance black to brown powderDensity 6 315 g cm3Melting point 1 326 C 2 419 F 1 599 K Boiling point 2 000 C 3 630 F 2 270 K Solubility in water insolubleSolubility soluble in ammonium chloride potassium cyanide insoluble in alcohol ammonium carbonateBand gap 1 2 eVMagnetic susceptibility x 238 9 10 6 cm3 molRefractive index nD 2 63StructureCrystal structure monoclinic mS8 1 Space group C2 c 15Lattice constant a 4 6837 b 3 4226 c 5 1288a 90 b 99 54 g 90 ThermochemistryStd molarentropy S 298 43 J mol 1 K 1Std enthalpy offormation DfH 298 156 kJ mol 1HazardsGHS labelling PictogramsSignal word WarningHazard statements H410Precautionary statements P273 P391 P501NFPA 704 fire diamond 201Flash point Non flammableNIOSH US health exposure limits PEL Permissible TWA 1 mg m3 as Cu 2 REL Recommended TWA 1 mg m3 as Cu 2 IDLH Immediate danger TWA 100 mg m3 as Cu 2 Safety data sheet SDS Fisher ScientificRelated compoundsOther anions Copper II sulfideOther cations Nickel II oxideZinc oxideRelated compounds Copper I oxideExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Copper II oxide in a vial Contents 1 Production 2 Reactions 3 Structure and physical properties 4 Uses 4 1 Pyrotechnics and fireworks 5 Similar compounds 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksProduction EditIt is produced on a large scale by pyrometallurgy as one stage in extracting copper from its ores The ores are treated with an aqueous mixture of ammonium carbonate ammonia and oxygen to give copper I and copper II ammine complexes which are extracted from the solids These complexes are decomposed with steam to give CuO It can be formed by heating copper in air at around 300 800 C 2 Cu O2 2 CuOFor laboratory uses pure copper II oxide is better prepared by heating copper II nitrate copper II hydroxide or basic copper II carbonate 4 2 Cu NO3 2 s 2 CuO s 4 NO2 g O2 g 180 C Cu2 OH 2CO3 s 2 CuO s CO2 g H2O g Cu OH 2 s CuO s H2O g 5 Reactions EditCopper II oxide dissolves in mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid sulfuric acid or nitric acid to give the corresponding copper II salts 4 CuO 2 HNO3 Cu NO3 2 H2O CuO 2 HCl CuCl2 H2O CuO H2SO4 CuSO4 H2OIt reacts with concentrated alkali to form the corresponding cuprate salts 2 MOH CuO H2O M2 Cu OH 4 It can also be reduced to copper metal using hydrogen carbon monoxide or carbon CuO H2 Cu H2O CuO CO Cu CO2 2 CuO C 2Cu CO2When cupric oxide is substituted for iron oxide in thermite the resulting mixture is a low explosive not an incendiary Structure and physical properties EditCopper II oxide belongs to the monoclinic crystal system The copper atom is coordinated by 4 oxygen atoms in an approximately square planar configuration 1 The work function of bulk CuO is 5 3 eV 6 Uses EditAs a significant product of copper mining copper II oxide is the starting point for the production of other copper salts For example many wood preservatives are produced from copper oxide 3 Cupric oxide is used as a pigment in ceramics to produce blue red and green and sometimes gray pink or black glazes It is incorrectly used as a dietary supplement in animal feed 7 Due to low bioactivity negligible copper is absorbed 8 It is used when welding with copper alloys 9 A copper oxide electrode formed part of the early battery type known as the Edison Lalande cell Copper oxide was also used in a lithium battery type IEC 60086 code G Pyrotechnics and fireworks Edit Used as moderate blue coloring agent in blue flame compositions with additional chlorine donors and oxidizers such as chlorates and perchlorates Providing oxygen it can be used as flash powder oxidizer with metal fuels such as magnesium aluminium or magnalium powder Sometimes it is used in strobe effects and thermite compositions as crackling stars effect Similar compounds EditAn example of natural copper I II oxide is the mineral paramelaconite Cu 2Cu2 2O3 10 11 See also EditPatinaReferences Edit a b The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ambient temperature structure of CuO Forsyth J B Hull S J Phys Condens Matter 3 1991 5257 5261 doi 10 1088 0953 8984 3 28 001 Crystallographic point group 2 m or C2h Space group C2 c Lattice parameters a 4 6837 5 b 3 4226 5 c 5 1288 6 a 90 b 99 54 1 g 90 a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 0150 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH a b Richardson H Wayne 2002 Copper Compounds Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a07 567 a b O Glemser and H Sauer 1963 Copper Silver Gold In G Brauer ed Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry 2nd Ed Vol 1 NY NY Academic Press Cudennec Yannick Lecerf Andre November 2003 The transformation of Cu OH 2 into CuO revisited PDF Solid State Sciences 5 11 12 1471 1474 Bibcode 2003SSSci 5 1471C doi 10 1016 j solidstatesciences 2003 09 009 S2CID 96363475 F P Koffyberg and F A Benko 1982 A photoelectrochemical determination of the position of the conduction and valence band edges of p type CuO J Appl Phys 53 2 1173 Bibcode 1982JAP 53 1173K doi 10 1063 1 330567 Uses of Copper Compounds Other Copper Compounds Copper Development Association 2007 Retrieved 2007 01 27 Cupric Oxide Should Not Be Used As a Copper Supplement for Either Animals or Humans Baker D H J Nutr 129 12 1999 2278 2279 Cupric Oxide Data Sheet Hummel Croton Inc 2006 04 21 Retrieved 2007 02 01 Paramelaconite List of Minerals 21 March 2011 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Copper II oxide National Pollutant Inventory Copper and compounds fact sheet Copper oxides project page CDC NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Copper II oxide amp oldid 1128679608, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
