Coalition of the Gulf War
On 29 November 1990, the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 authorized the assembly of a multinational military coalition to fight against Iraq in the Gulf War. The coalition's purpose was to liberate Iraqi-occupied Kuwait by "all necessary means" if Iraq did not withdraw by 15 January 1991. Iraq failed to relinquish control over Kuwait by the deadline specified in Resolution 678, leading to the commencement of combat operations with the Gulf War aerial bombardment campaign on 17 January 1991. At this time, the coalition consisted of 42 countries and was spearheaded by the United States: the central command was led by the United States, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom; the marine command was led by the United States; the Joint Forces East Command was led by Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Morocco, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Poland, and Czechoslovakia; and the Joint Forces North Command was led by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, Italy, Australia, Japan, and Turkey. On 23 February 1991, the aerial bombardment campaign came to an end as the coalition began a large-scale ground offensive (the Liberation of Kuwait campaign) into Iraqi-occupied Kuwait and parts of Iraq. The Iraqi military was devastated in the fighting, and Kuwait was declared completely free of occupying Iraqi troops on 28 February 1991.
Coalition of the Gulf War | |
|---|---|
| 1990–1991 | |
Coalition countries | |
| Type | Military coalition |
| Membership | Primary countries:
Other contributors:
|
| Historical era | Gulf War |
| 2–4 August 1990 | |
• Adoption of UNSC Resolution 678 | 29 November 1990 |
• Adoption of U.S. Congress Resolution Against Iraq | 14 January 1991 |
• Beginning of Gulf War air campaign | 17 January 1991 |
• Beginning of Liberation of Kuwait campaign | 24 February 1991 |
• Adoption of UNSC Resolution 686 | 2 March 1991 |
Member states edit
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Argentina edit
Argentina had 500 troops, two corvettes, a destroyer, two cargo planes and three helicopters.[1] It led the Operation Alfil.
Australia edit
Australia contributed at least one guided missile frigate, one destroyer and one supply ship.[2]
Bangladesh edit
Bangladeshi personnel was around 2,300.[3] Their codenamed Operation Moruprantar and Security Personnel including two field Ambulance teams. Bangladeshi commander was Zubayr Siddiqui.
Bahrain edit
Bahraini forces were about 400 with base guards.
Belgium edit
Belgian forces had about 400 troops and base engineers, two minesweepers, one squadron of fighters to Turkey.[2]
Canada edit
Canada's personnel was around 4,600 and Canadian forces participated in Operation Friction.
Czechoslovakia edit
200-man chemical defence unit and 150 medical personnel.[2] Prominent Czechoslovak commander was Ján Való.
Denmark edit
Denmark provided HDMS Olfert Fischer (Niels Juel-class Corvette) along 100 personnel.[2]
Egypt edit
Egypt's personnel was around 35,000 soldiers. Egyptian leaders included Muhammad Tantawi, Mohammed Ali Bilal and Sami Anan.
France edit
The French personnel was around 18,000 and participated in Opération Daguet. It provided LTG Michel Roquejeoffre: 20,000 troops, 14 ships, one CV, more than 75 aircraft, 350 tanks, & 6th Armored Division.[2] The prominent Michel Roquejeoffre was a leader in the Gulf War.
Germany edit
Germany gave one squadron of fighters to Turkey.[3]
Greece edit
Greek forces included Hellenic Air Force Pilots and ground support staff, one frigate in Red Sea.[2]
Honduras edit
Honduras gave 150 personnel with Washington Post reporting Honduras might send 350 more.[2]
Hungary edit
The Hungarian personnel was about 40 people. It provided a medical team.[4]
Italy edit
Italian personnel was around 1,950 and Italian forces participated in the Operazione Locusta and deployed eight Panavia Tornado strike attack aircraft, Naval deployment (Operazione Golfo 2). Four ships, eight Tornado fighters, six F-104 fighters to Turkey. Italian commander was Mario Arpino.
Kuwait edit
Kuwaiti resistance included around 9,900 personnel.
Luxembourg edit
Luxembourg provided financial support as well as peacekeeping to assist civilians.[5][6]
Morocco edit
Moroccan personnel was around 13,000 and they reportedly provided security personnel.
New Zealand edit
New Zealand provided two Lockheed C-130 Hercules transporter aircraft and 100 personnel.[7]
Netherlands edit
Netherlands had naval deployment; Air Force deployments of Surface-to-Air Missiles to Turkey and Israel.
Niger edit
Niger had about 680 personnel and Patroller group. At least 480 troops guarding shrines in Mecca and Medina.[2]
Norway edit
Norway had 280 personnel with naval vessel and field hospital + intelligence information.
Oman edit
Omani personnel was around 6,300.
Pakistan edit
Mirza Aslam Beg, the Chief of Army Staff, endorsed the campaign against Iraq. In a briefing given to president Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Beg maintained the assessment that once the ground battle with the Iraqi Army was joined, the Iraqi Army would comprehensively defeat and repel the American Army.[8] Pakistani personnel was around 4,900–5,500. Ironically, Beg accused the Western countries for encouraging Iraq to invade Kuwait, though he kept his armed forces fighting against Iraq in support to Saudi Arabia.[9][10] In 1990, he held state dinner for United States Central Command (SCENTCOM) commander General Norman Schwarzkopf where, together with Chairman Joint Chiefs Admiral Iftikhar Sirohey, brief the USCENTCOM on Pakistan Armed Forces battle preparations and military operational capabilities of Pakistan armed forces in Saudi contingent.[11] The war was a polarizing political issue in Pakistan and Beg carefully commanded and deployed the Pakistan Armed Forces' contingent forces during Operation Desert Storm in 1991.[10][12] Beg calculated that the popular opinion would be in favor of Iraq, as the anti-American sentiment in the Middle East began to grow at that time.[8] But, neither did Beg's strategic prediction come true nor did he get an extension.[8] Soon after the end of Gulf war, Beg proceeded towards his retirement on 18 August 1991.[8]
Philippines edit
The Philippines sent around 200 medical personnel to assist coalition forces in the liberation of Kuwait.
Poland edit
Polish forces participated in Operation Simoom and had naval and medical deployment. Their personnel was 319.
Portugal edit
Logistic support with one Military Logistic Ship and 2 Lockheed C-130 Hercules transporter aircraft.[13][14] Portuguese personnel was estimated to be 52.
Qatar edit
Qatar gave around 2,600 personnel. Qatari forces participated in the Battle of Khafji.
Romania edit
Romania participated with 363 medical personnel and 21 soldiers from February 1991. As part of Operation Granby, the medical team with a field hospital were deployed to al-Jubayl.[15][16][17]
Saudi Arabia edit
Saudi personnel was estimated to be 60,000 to 100,000. Saudi leaders were Khalid bin Sultan, Saleh Al-Muhaya and Sultan Al-Mutairi.
Senegal edit
Senegal had about 500 and base guards.[2]
Singapore edit
Singapore sent 30 military personnel to provide medical and humanitarian services under Operation Nightingale and nine military support teams in 1991, with 990 military personnel, electronic intelligence, naval and aerial assets during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 until 2008.[18]
South Korea edit
South Korean personnel was 314 with medical and transportation support,
Spain edit
Spain had 500 on the field and 3,000 off the coast. Engineers, 2 corvettes and one destroyer patrolling near Bab al Mandeb[2]
Syria edit
Syria's personnel was around 14,500 and participated in the Operation Desert Storm. Syrian military officer was Mustafa Tlass.
Sweden edit
Swedish personnel was about 525 and included a field hospital.[19]
Turkey edit
Turkey played a role in the air assault against Iraq.[20]
United Arab Emirates edit
Emirati forces were around 4,300 personnel.
United Kingdom edit
The United Kingdom participated in Operation Granby and Battle of Norfolk. It reportedly gave 16 ships, 58 aircraft, 1st Armd Div HQ, 7th Armd Bde, 4th Armd Bde.[2] British soldiers in the war were reportedly 53,462.[21] British leaders included Patrick Hine, the joint commander of all British forces, Michael Graydon, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief RAF Strike Command, Peter de la Billière - Commander-in-Chief of British Forces and John Chapple, Chief of the General Staff.
United States edit
The United States led the war with a personnel number of 697,000.[22] It led the Operation Desert Shield, Operation Desert Storm, Battle of Khafji, Battle of 73 Easting, Battle of Al Busayyah, Battle of Phase Line Bullet, Battle of Medina Ridge, Battle of Wadi al-Batin, Battle of Norfolk and others. American commanders included Colin Powell, Calvin Waller, Charles Horner, Walt Boomer, Stan Arthur, Frederick Franks, Buster Glosson and others. Leading commander Norman Schwarzkopf led all coalition forces in the battle against Iraq.
Afghan and Kurdish militias edit
According to sources, 300 members of the anti-communist militias, Afghan mujahideen, joined the coalition towards the end of the war on 11 February 1991.[23][24] Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups also reportedly rebelled against Saddam.[25]
Member states by equipment edit
United States edit
Tanks edit
- M1A1 Abrams MBT (Main Battle Tank)
- M60A1/A3 Patton MBT (Main Battle Tank) (USMC)
- M551A1 Sheridan TTS (Tank Thermal Sight) Armored Reconnaissance Airborne Assault Vehicle
Armored vehicles edit
- M2A2 Bradley IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle)
- M3A2 Bradley CFV (Cavalry Fighting Vehicle)
- AAVP7A1 Assault Amphibian Vehicle Personnel (USMC)
- LAV-25 Light Armored Vehicle (USMC)
- LAV-AT Light Armored Vehicle (Anti-Tank) (USMC)
- M113A2/A3 APC (Armored Personnel Carrier)
- TPz Fuchs APC NBC and EW variants (UOR acquisition from Germany)
- M901A1 ITV (Improved TOW Vehicle)
Self-propelled artillery/mortars/rockets edit
- LAV-M Light Armored Vehicle (Mortar) (USMC)
- M106A2 Self-Propelled Mortar Carrier
- M109A2/A3/A4 155 mm SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
- M110A2 8 inch SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
- M270 MLRS Multiple Launch Rocket System
Anti-aircraft edit
- M163 VADS Vulcan Air Defence System
- M48 Chaparral Self-Propelled SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
- M1097 Avenger Humvee
- M167 VADS Vulcan Air Defence System
- MIM-23 Improved Hawk SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
- MIM-104 Patriot SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
Artillery and mortars edit
- M102 105 mm Towed Howitzer
- M198 155 mm Towed Howitzer
- M58 MICLIC (Mine Clearing Line Charge) Towed
- M224 60 mm Light Weight Mortar
- M252 81 mm Medium Weight Mortar
- M30 107 mm Heavy Weight Mortar
Engineering and recovery vehicles
- M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle
- M9 Armored Combat Earthmover
- M60 AVLM (Armored Vehicle Launched MICLIC (Mine-Clearing Line Charge))
- M88 Armoured Recovery Vehicle
- M60A1 Armored Vehicle Launched Bridge
- M578 Light Recovery Vehicle (Armoured Recovery Vehicle)
- D7 Caterpillar (armored Bulldozer)
- M139 Volcano Mine System
Command vehicles edit
- M577A2 ACP (Armored Command Post) Carrier
- AACV7A1 (Assault Amphibian Vehicle Command) (USMC)
- LAV-25C2 Light Armored Vehicle (Command & Control) (USMC)
- M981 FISTV (Fire Support Team Vehicle)
Other vehicles edit
- M998 Humvee
- M151A2 FAV (Fast Attack Vehicle) (USMC)
- M1008 CUCV (Commercial Utility, Cargo Vehicle)
- FAV (Fast Attack Vehicle) / DPV (Desert Patrol Vehicle)
- Kawasaki KLR-250-D8
- M35A2 6x6 2.5-Ton Truck "Deuce And A Half"
- M925A1 6x6 5-Ton Truck
- M548 Tracked Cargo Carrier
- M992 FAASV (Field Artillery Ammunition Supply Vehicle)
- M1059 Smoke Generator Carrier
Helicopters edit
- Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King (Canadian Forces)
- Bell AH-1F Cobra (Army)
- Bell AH-1J SeaCobra (USMC)
- Bell AH-1T Improved SeaCobra (USMC)
- Bell AH-1W SuperCobra (USMC)
- Boeing AH-64A Apache (Army)
- Boeing CH-46D Sea Knight (United States Navy)
- Boeing CH-46E Sea Knight (USMC)
- Boeing CH-47D Chinook (Army)
- Sikorsky CH-53D Sea Stallion (USN, USMC)
- Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion (USN, USMC)
- Bell EH-1H Iroquois (Huey) (Army)
- Sikorsky EH-60A Quick Fix (Army)
- Boeing HH-46D Sea Knight (USN)
- Sikorsky HH-60H Seahawk (USN)
- Boeing MH-47 (SOA) Special Operations Aircraft (Army)
- Sikorsky MH-53 Pave Low (USAF)
- Sikorsky MH-53E Sea Dragon (USN)
- Sikorsky MH-60G Pave Hawk (USAF)
- Bell OH-58A Kiowa (Army)
- Bell OH-58C Kiowa (Army)
- Bell OH-58D (Army)
- Sikorsky RH-53D Sea Stallion (USMC)
- Kaman SH-2F Seasprite (USN)
- Sikorsky SH-3G Sea King (USN)
- Sikorsky SH-3H Sea King (USN)
- Sikorsky SH-60B Seahawk (USN)
- Bell UH-1H Iroquois (Huey) (Army)
- Bell UH-1N (Huey) (USMC)
- Bell UH-1V Iroquois (Huey) Aeromedical Evacuation (Army)
- Boeing UH-46D Sea Knight (USN)
- Sikorsky UH-60A Black Hawk (Army)
Aircraft edit
- Grumman A-6E Intruder (USN, USMC)
- LTV A-7E Corsair II (USN)
- McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II (USMC)
- Fairchild Republic A-10A Thunderbolt II "Warthog" (USAF)
- Lockheed AC-130A (Spectre) Gunship (USAF)
- Lockheed AC-130H (Spectre) Gunship (USAF)
- Boeing B-52G Stratofortress (USAF)
- Grumman C-2A Greyhound (USN)
- Lockheed C-5 Galaxy (USAF)
- McDonnell Douglas C-9B Skytrain II (USN)
- Raytheon C-12 Huron (USAF)
- Lockheed C-130 Hercules (USAF)
- Lockheed C-130F Hercules (USN)
- Lockheed C-141 Starlifter (USAF)
- North American Rockwell CT-39G (USN)
- McDonnell Douglas DC-9 (USN)
- Grumman E-2C Hawkeye (USN)
- Boeing E-3B Sentry AWACS Airborne Warning And Control System (USAF)
- Douglas EA-3B Skywarrior (USN)
- Lockheed EP-3E Aries II (USN)
- Grumman EA-6B Prowler (USN)
- Boeing E-8 Joint STARS Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (USAF)
- General Dynamics EF-111A Raven (USAF)
- Lockheed EC-130E/J Commando Solo (USAF)
- Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call (USAF)
- Boeing EC-135L Looking Glass (USAF)
- McDonnell Douglas F-4E Phantom II (USAF)
- McDonnell Douglas F-4G Phantom II (Wild Weasel) (USAF)
- Grumman F-14A Tomcat (USN)
- Grumman F-14A+(B) Tomcat (USN)
- McDonnell Douglas F-15C Eagle (USAF)
- McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle (USAF)
- General Dynamics F-16A Fighting Falcon (USAF)
- General Dynamics F-16C Fighting Falcon (USAF)
- McDonnell Douglas F/A-18A Hornet (USN, USMC)
- McDonnell Douglas F/A-18C Hornet (USN, USMC)
- McDonnell Douglas F/A-18D Hornet (USMC)
- General Dynamics F-111E Aardvark (USAF)
- General Dynamics F-111F Aardvark (USAF)
- Lockheed F-117A Nighthawk (USAF)
- Lockheed HC-130 King (USAF)
- McDonnell Douglas KC-10A Extender (USAF)
- Lockheed KC-130F Hercules (USN, USMC)
- Lockheed KC-130R Hercules (USMC)
- Lockheed KC-130T Hercules (USMC)
- Boeing KC-135E Stratotanker (USAF)
- Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker (USAF)
- Lockheed MC-130E Hercules Combat Talon (USAF)
- North American Rockwell OV-10A Bronco (USMC)
- North American Rockwell OV-10D Bronco (USMC)
- North American Rockwell OV-10D+ Bronco (USMC)
- Lockheed P-3B Orion (USN)
- Lockheed P-3C Orion (USN)
- Boeing RC-135V/W Rivet Joint (USAF)
- McDonnell Douglas RF-4C Phantom II (USAF)
- Lockheed S-3A Viking (USN)
- Lockheed S-3B Viking (USN)
- Lockheed U-2/TR-1 (USAF)
- Lockheed UP-3A Orion (USN)
Aircraft carriers edit
- Midway class (USS Midway)
- Forrestal class (USS Saratoga, USS Ranger)
- Kitty Hawk class (USS America, USS John F. Kennedy)
- Nimitz class (USS Dwight D. Eisenhower, USS Theodore Roosevelt)
Battleships edit
Submarines edit
Amphibious assault ships edit
- Tarawa class (USS Tarawa, USS Nassau)
- Iwo Jima class (USS Iwo Jima, USS Guadalcanal, USS Guam, USS Tripoli, USS New Orleans)
Guided missile cruisers edit
- Leahy class (USS Worden, USS Richmond K. Turner, USS Halsey)
- Belknap class (USS Horne, USS Biddle)
- Ticonderoga class (USS Valley Forge, USS Thomas S. Gates, USS Bunker Hill, USS Mobile Bay, USS Leyte Gulf, USS San Jacinto, USS Philippine Sea, USS Princeton, USS Normandy)
- California class (USS South Carolina)
- Virginia class (USS Virginia, USS Mississippi)
Destroyer tenders edit
- Samuel Gompers class (USS Samuel Gompers)
- Yellowstone class (USS Yellowstone, USS Acadia, USS Cape Cod)
Destroyers edit
- Spruance class (USS Spruance, USS Paul F. Foster, USS Caron, USS Oldendorf, USS Moosbrugger, USS Leftwich, USS Harry W. Will, USS Fife)
Guided missile destroyers edit
- Farragut class (USS Macdonough, USS Coontz, USS Preble)
- Kidd class (USS Kidd)
Frigates edit
- Knox class (USS Marvin Shields, USS Francis Hammond, USS Vreeland, USS Thomas C. Hart)
- Oliver Hazard Perry class (USS McInerney, USS Jarrett, USS Curts, USS Halyburton, USS Nichola, USS Hawes, USS Ford, USS Samuel B. Roberts)
Amphibious transport docks edit
- Raleigh class (USS Raleigh, USS Vancouver)
- Austin class (USS Ogden)
- Cleveland class (USS Denver, USS Juneau, USS Shreveport)
- Trenton class (USS Trenton)
Ammunition ships edit
- Suribachi class (USS Mauna Kea)
- Nitro class (USS Nitro, USS Haleakala)
- Kilauea class (USS Kilauea, USS Santa Barbara, USS Mount Hood, USS Shasta, USS Kiska (AE-35)|USS Kiska)
Dock landing ships edit
- Anchorage class (USS Anchorage, USS Portland, USS Pensacola, USS Mount Vernon)
- Whidbey Island class (USS Germantown, USS Fort McHenry, USS Gunston Hall)
Tank landing ships edit
- Newport class (USS Manitowoc, LST-1180. USS Peoria, USS Frederick, USS Cayuga, USS Saginaw, USS Spartanburg County, USS La Moure County, USS Barbour Country)
Fast sealift ships edit
- SL-7 Type (USS Algol, USNS Bellatrix, USS Denebola, USS Pollux, USNS Altair, USS Regulus, USS Capella)
Fleet oilers edit
- Neosho class (USS Neosho, USS Hassayampa, USS Ponchatoula)
- Cimarron class (USS Platte)
- Henry J. Kaiser class (USS Joshua Humphreys, USNS Andrew J. Higgins, USS Walter S. Diehl)
Combat stores ships edit
- Mars class (USS Mars, USS Sylvania, USS Niagara Falls, USS San Diego, USS San Jose)
- Sirius class (USNS Sirius, USNS Spica)
Fast combat support ships edit
Replenishment oiler ships edit
- Wichita class (USS Kansas City, USS Kalamazoo)
Minesweepers edit
- Aggressive class (USS Impervious)
Repair ships edit
- Vulcan class (USS Vulcan, USS Jason)
Rescue and salvage ships edit
- Edenton class (USS Beaufort)
Sealift ships edit
- Wright class (USS Wright, USS Curtiss)
Hospital ships edit
Amphibious cargo ships edit
- Charleston class (USS Durham, USS Mobile)
Mine countermeasure ships edit
- Avenger class (USS Avenger)
Survey ships edit
- Chauvenet class (USS Chauvenet)
Light watercraft edit
United Kingdom edit
Tanks edit
- FV4030/4 Challenger MBT (Main Battle Tank)
- FV4003 Centurion Mk.5 AVRE 165 (Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers)
Armoured vehicles edit
- FV101 Scorpion Reconnaissance
- FV102 Striker Anti-tank missile launcher
- FV103 Spartan Armoured personnel carrier
- FV104 Samaritan Armoured Ambulance
- FV106 Samson Armoured recovery vehicle
- FV107 Scimitar Reconnaissance
- FV432 Armoured Personnel Carrier
- FV432 Armoured Ambulance
- FV510 Warrior Infantry fighting vehicle
- Ferret armoured car
- TPz Fuchs APC NBC and EW variants (UOR acquisition from Germany)
Self-propelled artillery/mortars/rockets edit
- FV432(M) self-propelled mortar carrier
- M10 155 mm Self-Propelled Howitzer (M109A2 variant)
- M110 8 inch Self-Propelled Howitzer (M110A2 variant)
- M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System
Anti-aircraft edit
- Rapier Field Standard B2 Stationary SAM launcher
- Tracked Rapier TR1 Mobile SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
- Javelin LML (Lightweight Multiple Launcher) SAM launcher
Artillery and mortars edit
- L118 105 mm Light Gun
- 51 mm Light Mortar
- L16A1 81 mm Mortar
Engineering and recovery vehicles edit
- FV4205 Chieftain AVLB (armoured vehicle-launched bridge)
- FV180 CET (Combat Engineer Tractor)
- FV434 ARV (Armoured Recovery Vehicle)
- FV512 Warrior Mechanised Combat Repair Vehicle
- FV513 Warrior Mechanised Recovery Vehicle (Repair)
Command vehicles edit
Other vehicles edit
- Land Rover Defender
- Leyland 4x4 4-Tonne Lorry
- Bedford 4x4 8-Tonne Lorry
- Leyland Daf 8x6 14-Tonne Medium Mobility Load Carrier (MMLC) Demountable Rack Offloading and Pick Up System (DROPS) Lorry.
- Mercedes Unimog Support Vehicle
- Harley Davidson MT530E
- Armstrong 500
- M548 Tracked Cargo Carrier
Aircraft edit
- Aérospatiale-Westland Gazelle AH.1 (AAC)
- Westland Lynx AH.1 and AH.7 (AAC)
- Westland Lynx HAS.3 (RN)
- Boeing Chinook HC.1B (RAF)
- Westland Sea King HC.4 (RN)
- Aérospatiale Puma HC.1 (RAF)
- Panavia Tornado GR.1 (RAF) - Interdictor/Strike
- SEPECAT Jaguar GR.1A (RAF)
- Panavia Tornado F.3 (RAF) air defence
- Blackburn Buccaneer S.2B (RAF)
- BAe Nimrod MR.2P (RAF)
- Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander AL.1 (RAF)
- Handley Page Victor K.2 (RAF) - tanker
- Lockheed TriStar (RAF)
- Lockheed Hercules C.1, C.3 (RAF)
- Vickers VC10 C.1 (RAF) - cargo
- Vickers VC10 K.2, K.3 (RAF) -tanker
Destroyers edit
Frigates edit
- Leander-class frigate (HMS Jupiter)
- Type 22 Broadsword frigate (HMS Battleaxe, HMS Brazen, HMS London)
Submarines edit
Mine countermeasure vessels edit
- Hunt class (Ledbury, Cattistock, HMS Dulverton, HMS Bicester, HMS Atherstone, HMS Hurworth)
Fleet support vessels edit
- RFA Orangeleaf
- RFA Olna -Fast fleet tankers
- RFA Regent - Stores ship
- RFA Fort Grange -Stores ship
- RFA Diligence - Fleet repair ship
Hospital ship edit
- RFA Argus - "Primary casualty reception vessel"
Saudi Arabia edit
Tanks edit
- AMX-30S MBT (Main Battle Tank)
- M60A1/A3 Patton MBT (Main Battle Tank)
Armoured vehicles edit
- M2A2 Bradley IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle)
- AMX-10P IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle)
- AMX/HOT ATGM (Anti-Tank Guided Missile) Launcher
- Panhard AML-60 Armoured Car
- Panhard AML-90 Armoured Car
- M113A1 APC (Armored Personnel Carrier)
- Engesa EE-11 Urutu APC (Armored Personnel Carrier)
- Panhard M3 VTT APC (Armored Personnel Carrier)
- Cadillac Gage V-150 Commando
- Cadillac Gage V-150 Commando (Imp. TOW)
Self-propelled artillery/mortars/rockets edit
- M109A2 155 mm SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
- AMX-GCT 155 mm SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
- ASTROS-II MLRS (Multiple Launch Rocket System)
- M106A2 Self-Propelled Mortar Carrier
- Cadillac Gage V-150 Commando (Mortar 81 mm)
- Cadillac Gage V-150 Commando (Mortar 90 mm)
Artillery and mortars edit
- M56 105 mm Towed Howitzer
- M102 105 mm Towed Howitzer
- M198 155 mm Towed Howitzer
- M30 107 mm Heavy Weight Mortar
Anti-aircraft edit
- M163 VADS Vulcan Air Defence System
- AMX-30SA Shahine Self-Propelled SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
- AMX-30SA SPAAA (Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Artillery)
- MIM-23 Improved Hawk SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
- Shahine Stationary SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
- Bofors 40 mm L/70 AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery)
- Oerlikon-Buhrle Twin 35 mm GDF AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery)
Other vehicles edit
Helicopters edit
- Sikorsky UH-60A Black Hawk (RSLF)
- Agusta-Bell 205 Iroquois (RSAF)
- Agusta-Bell 206 Jet Ranger (RSAF)
- Agusta-Bell 212 Agusta (RSAF)
- Kawasaki KV-107 (RSAF)
- Eurocopter AS-365N Dauphin (Navy)
- Eurocopter AS-332B Super Puma (Navy)
Aircraft edit
- Lockheed C-130E Hercules (RSAF)
- Lockheed C-130H Hercules (RSAF)
- Boeing E-3A Sentry AWACS Airborne Warning And Control System (RSAF)
- Northrop F-5E Tiger II (RSAF)
- McDonnell Douglas F-15C Eagle (RSAF)
- Lockheed KC-130H (RSAF)
- Northrop RF-5E Tigereye (RSAF)
- Panavia Tornado IDS Interdictor/Strike (RSAF)
- Panavia Tornado ADV Air Defence Variant (RSAF)
Frigates edit
- Al Madinah class (Al Madinah, Hofouf, Abha, Taif)
Corvettes edit
- Badr class (Badr, Al Yarmook, Hitteen, Tabuk)
Patrol ships edit
- Al Sadiq class (Al-Siddiq, Al-Farouq, Abdul-Aziz, Faisal, Khalid, Amr, Tariq, Ouqbah, Abu Obadiah)
Replenishment ships edit
- Boraida class (Boraida, Yunbou)
Kuwait edit
Tanks edit
- M-84AB MBT (Main Battle Tank) Cheiftain MBT (Main Battle Tank)
Armoured vehicles edit
Helicopters edit
Aircraft edit
- Dassault Mirage F1CK (KAF)
- McDonnell Douglas A-4KU Skyhawk (KAF)
Fast attack craft edit
- Lürssen FPB-57 (unknown number)
- Lürssen TNC-45 (unknown number)
France edit
Tanks edit
- AMX-30B2 MBT (Main Battle Tank)
Other armoured vehicles edit
- GIAT AMX-10RC armoured car
- Panhard AML-90 armoured car
- Panhard ERC-90F4 Sagaie armoured car
- GIAT VAB (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé) wheeled troop carrier
- GIAT VAB-PC (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé - Poste de Commandement) command vehicle
- GIAT VAB-VCAC/HOT (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé - Véhicule de Combat Anti-Char) ATGM (Anti-Tank Guided Missile) launch vehicle
- GIAT VAB-VTM (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé - Véhicule Tracteur de Mortier) mortar tractor
Artillery and mortars edit
- TR-F1 155 mm towed howitzer
- MO-81-61C 81 mm mortar
- MO-120-RT-61 120 mm mortar
Anti-aircraft edit
- GIAT 20 mm 53T2 towed AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery)
- Mistral SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) launcher
Other vehicles edit
- Peugeot P4 4WD
- VLRA (Vehicle de Liaison et Reconnaissance de L'Armee) truck
Helicopters edit
- Aérospatiale SA-342 Gazelle (ALAT)
- Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma (ALAT)
- Aérospatiale Super Frelon (Aéronavale)
Aircraft edit
- Dassault Mirage F1C-200 (AdA)
- Dassault-Breguet Mirage 2000 (AdA)
- SEPECAT Jaguar A (AdA)
- Dassault Super Étendard (Aéronavale)
Aircraft carriers edit
Amphibious transport docks edit
Cruisers edit
- Colbert class (Colbert)
Destroyers edit
- Georges Leygues class (Jean de Vienne, Latouche-Tréville, Dupleix, Montcalm, Lamotte-Picquet)
- T 47 class (Du Chayla)
Corvettes edit
Minehunters edit
- Tripartite-class minehunters, L'Aigle, Cassiopee, Orion, Pluton, Sagittaire
Replenishment ships edit
Support ships edit
- Loire-class mine countermeasures support ship, Loire
Qatar edit
Tanks edit
- AMX-30S MBT (Main Battle Tank)
Italy edit
Fighter jets edit
- 8 Panavia Tornado IDS Interdictor/Strike
Destroyers edit
Frigates edit
Replenishment ships edit
- Stromboli class (Stromboli) (Vesuvio)
Poland edit
Hospital ship edit
- ORP Wodnik
Salvage ship edit
- ORP Piast
Czechoslovakia edit
Other vehicles edit
- Tatra T-815 (Heavy truck)
- UAZ-4629 (All-terrain vehicle mounted with chemical reconnaissance probes)
- ARS-12M (De-contamination truck based on Praga V3S)
- POP (Mobile field medical truck based on Praga V3S)
Canada edit
Destroyers edit
Fighter aircraft edit
- 26 CF-18
Transport aircraft edit
- 27 CC-130 Hercules
- 5 CC-137 (Boeing 707)
Helicopters edit
Patrol, surveillance aircraft edit
Supply/replenishment ship edit
Argentina edit
Destroyers edit
- 1 MEKO 360 (Almirante Brown class): ARA Almirante Brown (D-10) (CF A. Tierno). ARA Almirante Brown navigated 25.000 NM in the designated area for operations, as part of GT 88, together with ARA Spiro. Returned to Argentina on 25 April, 1991.
Frigates edit
- 2 MEKO 140 A16 (Espora class): ARA Spiro (P-43) (CF O. Gonzalez), ARA Rosales (P-42) (CC Tebaldi / CC Rossi). ARA Spiro returned to Argentina on 23 May 1991, together with ARA Almirante Brown (D-10). It had navigated 23000 NM in the operations area during the conflict.
Amphibious cargo ships edit
- 1Costa Sur class: ARA Bahia San Blas (B-5). Loaded with medicine and food, for humanitarian aid. This ship along with ARA Rosales (P-42) formed GT 88.1, and replaced GT 88.0 formed by ARA Almirante Brown and ARA Spiro.
Helicopters edit
- 2 Alouette III (3-H-109 and 3-H-112), from 1° Esc. Aeronaval de Helicopteros (EA1H) (C.C. Alomar). Totalling 67 flights. Operated initially with P-43 and D-10. One of the Aluettes suffered an accident, with no casualties.
Transport aircraft edit
- 2 Boeing 707 (TC-91[28] and TC-94/LV-LGO as UN UNAG-1[29])
Australia edit
Destroyers edit
Frigates edit
Replenishment ships edit
Transport aircraft edit
Norway edit
Patrol ships edit
- Nordkapp-class offshore patrol vessel, NoCGV Andenes
Denmark edit
Corvettes edit
- Niels Juel-class corvette, HDMS Olfert Fischer
Greece edit
Frigates edit
- Elli-class frigate, HS Elli
Spain edit
Destroyers edit
- Gearing-class destroyer, Blas de Lezo
Corvettes edit
- Descubierta-class corvettes, Descubierta, Diana, Infanta Cristina, Cazadora, Vencedora
The Netherlands edit
Frigates edit
- Kortenaer-class frigates, HNLMS Pieter Florisz, HNLMS Philips van Almonde
- Jacob van Heemskerck-class frigates, HNLMS Witte de With, HNLMS Jacob van Heemskerck
Minehunters edit
- Tripartite-class minehunters, HNLMS Harlingen, HNLMS Haarlem, HNLMS Zierikzee
Replenishment ships edit
- Zuiderkruis-class replenishment oiler, HNLMS Zuiderkruis
Mobile field hospital edit
- 53 medical personnel stationed on site
Maritime patrol aircraft edit
- Two P-3C Orions
Belgium edit
Frigates edit
- Wielingen-class frigates, Wielingen, Wandelaar
Minehunters edit
- Tripartite-class minehunters Myosotis, Iris, Dianthus
Support ships edit
- Zinnia-class support ship, Zinnia
Turkey edit
Destroyers edit
- Gearing-class destroyer, TCG Yucetepe
References edit
- ^ "The time Argentina participated in the (first) war against Iraq (spanish)". Univision. June 5, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Desert Shield and Desert Storm: A Chronology and Troop List for the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf Crisis" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. 1991-03-25. (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
- ^ a b Hossain, Ishtiaq (April 1997). "Bangladesh and the Gulf War: Response of a Small State". Pakistan Horizon. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 50 (2): 42. JSTOR 41393571.
- ^ Lieutenant Colonel Joseph P. Englehardt. "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. (PDF) from the original on February 21, 2016.
- ^ "Luxembourg (09/06)". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ^ "OMP". Musée National d'Histoire Militaire (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2010-05-22. Retrieved 2010-01-26. Royal New Zealand Air Force website
- ^ a b c d Singh, R.S.N. (2008). "Nawaz Sharif and Military". The military factor in Pakistan. New Delhi: Frankfort, IL. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-0-9815378-9-4. from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- ^ Hiro, Dilip (2003). Desert shield to desert storm : the second Gulf war. New York: Authors Choice Press. ISBN 0-595-26904-4.
- ^ a b Ghareeb, Majid Khadduri, Edmund (2001). War in the Gulf, 1990–91: the Iraq-Kuwait conflict and its implications. Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford University Press, Ghareeb. ISBN 0-19-514979-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Petre, H. Norman Schwarzkopf, written by Peter (1993). It doesn't take a hero : the autobiography (Bantam paperback ed.). New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-56338-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Crossette, Barbara (14 August 1990). "Confrontation in the Gulf – Pakistanis Agree to Join Defense of Saudi Arabia". The New York Times. from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ "Participação portuguesa na guerra do Golfo" (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ "A PARTICIPAÇÃO DE PORTUGAL EM OPERAÇÕES DE PAZ. ÊXITOS, PROBLEMAS E DESAFIOS" (PDF).
- ^ Alexandrescu, Grigore; Băhnăreanu, Cristian (2007). Operații militare expediționare (PDF) (in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura Universității Naționale de Apărare "Carol I". p. 33. ISBN 9789736634994.
- ^ "Alte misiuni și operații la care au participat militari români". misiuni.mapn.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ^ Watson, Bruce W. (1993). Military Lessons of the Gulf War. Greenhill Books. p. 222. ISBN 9781853671036.
- ^ "MINDEF Singapore". www.mindef.gov.sg. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
- ^ http://www.mil.se/sv/i-varlden/Utlandsstyrkan/Truppinsatser/Kuwait/ 2009-05-27 at the Wayback Machine Field hospital deployed as part of Operation Granby (in Swedish)
- ^ Haberman, Clyde; Times, Special To the New York (1991-01-20). "WAR IN THE GULF: Turkey; Turkey's Role in Air Assault Sets Off Fear of Retaliation". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-06-10.
- ^ "1990/1991 Gulf Conflict" 2012-10-07 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 25 March 2011 "Ministry of Defence"
- ^ Hyams, K. C., K. Hanson, F. S. Wignall, J. Escamilla, and E. C. Oldfield, 3rd. "The Impact of Infectious Diseases on the Health of U.S. Troops Deployed to the Persian Gulf During Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm. 2016-12-17 at the Wayback Machine" Reprinted with permission of Clinical Infectious Diseases. Force Health Protection & Readiness Policy & Programs, 20 June 1995. Web. 9 June 2014.
- ^ "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
- ^ "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
- ^ McDowall 2004, p. 373.
- ^ OP SCALPEL War Journal
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2010-06-09.
- ^ El TC-91, un avión con mucha historia
- ^ A 12 AÑOS DEL BOEING UNAG-1 EN LA GUERRA DEL GOLFO I 2011-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The Dutch contribution to the Gulf war - Historical missions - Defensie.nl". 12 September 2017.
- ^ "The Operation Southern Breeze".
Works cited edit
- McDowall, David (2004). A modern history of the Kurds (3rd ed.). London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-416-6.
External links edit
- Nationmaster.com – Gulf War Coalition – Troops by country
- Arabic-Radio-TV.com –