After the Velvet Revolution in late-1989, Czechoslovakia adopted the official short-lived country name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (Czech: Česká a Slovenská Federativní Republika, Slovak: Česká a Slovenská Federatívna Republika; ČSFR) during the period from 23 April 1990 until 31 December 1992, after which the country was peacefully dissolved into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
Česká a Slovenská Federativní Republika(Czech) Česká a Slovenská Federatívna Republika(Slovak)
Since 1960, Czechoslovakia's official name had been the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Československá socialistická republika, ČSSR). In the aftermath of the Velvet Revolution, newly elected PresidentVáclav Havel announced that "Socialist" would be dropped from the country's official name.
Conventional wisdom suggested that the country would resume the name used from 1919 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1960, Czechoslovak Republic (Československá republika). However, Slovak politicians objected that the traditional name subsumed Slovakia's equal status in the federal state too much. The first compromise was Constitutional Law 81/1990, which changed the country's name to Czechoslovak Federative Republic (Czech: Československá federativní republika, Slovak: Česko-slovenská federatívna republika; ČSFR), explicitly acknowledging the federal nature of the state. It was passed on 29 March 1990 (coming into force on the same day) only after an informal agreement on the Slovak form which would be explicitly codified by a future law on state symbols. This was met with general disapproval and another round of haggling, dubbed "the hyphen war" (pomlčková válka/vojna) after Slovaks' wish to insert a hyphen into the name (Česko-Slovensko). However, aggrieved Czechs vehemently opposed it as too reminiscent of such practice during the Second Czechoslovak Republic (when the official name was "Czecho-Slovak Republic"—which had also been used from 1938 to 1939)—when the country had been mutilated by the Munich Agreement and was slipping toward its final dismemberment at the hands of Nazi Germany a year later. The resultant compromise, after much behind-the-scenes negotiation, was Constitutional Law 101/1990, passed on 20 April and in force since its declaration on 23 April. The law changed the country's name to "Czech and Slovak Federative Republic"; unlike the previous one, it also explicitly listed both versions and stated they were equal.
The name breaks the rules of Czech and Slovak orthography, which do not use capitalization for proper names' second and further words (see above), nor adjectives derived from them. Thus the correct form would be "Česká a slovenská federat... republika." However, "Česká a Slovenská F. R." was adopted in hopes of eliminating any debate about the prestige of Slovakia. While few people were happy with the name, it came into use quickly. Czech and Slovak tensions, of which this was an early sign, soon became manifest in matters of greater immediate importance which made the country's name a comparatively minor issue and at the same time even more impossible to change, so the name remained.
The 1960 Constitution remained in force up to 1 January 1993. It was also heavily amended to remove its Communist character. Work on a permanent constitution was still underway at the time of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
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This article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Czech and Slovak Federative Republic news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message After the Velvet Revolution in late 1989 Czechoslovakia adopted the official short lived country name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic Czech Ceska a Slovenska Federativni Republika Slovak Ceska a Slovenska Federativna Republika CSFR during the period from 23 April 1990 until 31 December 1992 after which the country was peacefully dissolved into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic Czech and Slovak Federative RepublicCeska a Slovenska Federativni Republika Czech Ceska a Slovenska Federativna Republika Slovak 1990 1992Flag Coat of armsMotto Pravda vitezi Pravda vitazi Czech Slovak Veritas vincit Latin Truth prevails 1990 1992 Anthem Kde domov muj Czech Where my home is source source track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track Nad Tatrou sa blyska English Lightning Over the Tatras source source track track track track track track track track track track Capitaland largest cityPragueOfficial languagesCzech SlovakGovernmentFederal parliamentary republicPresident 1989 1992Vaclav HavelPrime Minister 1989 1992Marian Calfa 1992Jan StraskyLegislatureFederal Assembly Upper houseChamber of Nations Lower houseChamber of PeopleHistorical eraVelvet Revolution Revolutions of 1989 Constitutional change23 April 1990 Dissolution31 December 1992CurrencyCzechoslovak korunaCalling code42Internet TLD csPreceded by Succeeded byCzechoslovak Socialist Republic Czech RepublicSlovakia Contents 1 Adoption of the name 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksAdoption of the name EditSee also Hyphen War Since 1960 Czechoslovakia s official name had been the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Ceskoslovenska socialisticka republika CSSR In the aftermath of the Velvet Revolution newly elected President Vaclav Havel announced that Socialist would be dropped from the country s official name Conventional wisdom suggested that the country would resume the name used from 1919 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1960 Czechoslovak Republic Ceskoslovenska republika However Slovak politicians objected that the traditional name subsumed Slovakia s equal status in the federal state too much The first compromise was Constitutional Law 81 1990 which changed the country s name to Czechoslovak Federative Republic Czech Ceskoslovenska federativni republika Slovak Cesko slovenska federativna republika CSFR explicitly acknowledging the federal nature of the state It was passed on 29 March 1990 coming into force on the same day only after an informal agreement on the Slovak form which would be explicitly codified by a future law on state symbols This was met with general disapproval and another round of haggling dubbed the hyphen war pomlckova valka vojna after Slovaks wish to insert a hyphen into the name Cesko Slovensko However aggrieved Czechs vehemently opposed it as too reminiscent of such practice during the Second Czechoslovak Republic when the official name was Czecho Slovak Republic which had also been used from 1938 to 1939 when the country had been mutilated by the Munich Agreement and was slipping toward its final dismemberment at the hands of Nazi Germany a year later The resultant compromise after much behind the scenes negotiation was Constitutional Law 101 1990 passed on 20 April and in force since its declaration on 23 April The law changed the country s name to Czech and Slovak Federative Republic unlike the previous one it also explicitly listed both versions and stated they were equal The name breaks the rules of Czech and Slovak orthography which do not use capitalization for proper names second and further words see above nor adjectives derived from them Thus the correct form would be Ceska a slovenska federat republika However Ceska a Slovenska F R was adopted in hopes of eliminating any debate about the prestige of Slovakia While few people were happy with the name it came into use quickly Czech and Slovak tensions of which this was an early sign soon became manifest in matters of greater immediate importance which made the country s name a comparatively minor issue and at the same time even more impossible to change so the name remained The 1960 Constitution remained in force up to 1 January 1993 It was also heavily amended to remove its Communist character Work on a permanent constitution was still underway at the time of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia See also EditHistory of Czechoslovakia 1989 1992 References Edit Constitutional Act No 81 1990 Coll Zakony Prolidi Retrieved 1 November 2021 Constitutional Act No 101 1990 Coll Zakony Prolidi Retrieved 1 November 2021 External links Edit in Czech and Slovak Transcription of Federal Assembly proceedings when adopting 81 1990 50 05 N 14 28 E 50 083 N 14 467 E 50 083 14 467 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Czech and Slovak Federative Republic amp oldid 1170855875, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
