Clerodendrum quadriloculare (known as the bronze-leaved clerodendrum, fireworks plant,[3][4]Philippine glorybower, shooting star or starburst bush[4] in English, and bagawak or bagawak morado[3][4] in Filipino) is a species of flowering plant native to New Guinea and the Philippines. It is one of many species previously included in the family Verbenaceae, but transferred to the Lamiaceae based on molecular studies.[5][6][7][8] The plants produce flowers which look good in a garden, but it can be difficult to eradicate.
The bronze-leaved clerodendrum is a medium to large-sized shrub growing to a height of about 5 m (16 ft). The branches and twigs are four-sided. The leaves are in opposite pairs and are borne on medium-length petioles. The leaf blades are oblong and up to 20 cm (8 in) long, the upper surface being green and the underside purple; they have rounded bases, wavy margins and pointed tips. The showy flower clusters are borne at the tips of the shoots. Each contains many flowers with slender pink tubes about 7 cm (3 in) long, each terminated by five slender white, reflexed corolla lobes about 1.5 cm (0.6 in) long. The flowers are followed by ellipsoid, capsules containing four seeds.[9] The corolla tubes are exceptionally long and require specialist pollinators.[10]
Distribution and habitatedit
The bronze-leaved clerodendrum is native to the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, and has also been recorded from American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau and Samoa, as well as Puerto Rico,[9] Singapore, and Hawaii. As well as parks and gardens, it is found on road verges and on disturbed ground, pastures, forest edges and undisturbed forests where it is able to displace native species.[10]
Invasivenessedit
The bronze-leaved clerodendrum is grown as an ornamental shrub but it has become naturalised in many locations, in some of which it is viewed as an invasive species.[9] It is a vigorous, rapid-growing shrub which sends up suckers which may develop into thickets. Additionally, cuttings and pieces of detached roots are easily moved with soil and can develop into new plants, and the seeds, which germinate readily, are spread by animals and birds in their droppings.[9] This shrub can grow in full sun, partial shade and deep shade, and in some locations grows as a dense, mono-specific ground cover layer under the forest canopy.[10]
^de Kok, R. 2021 (2021). "Clerodendrum quadriloculare". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T127525329A127525332. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T127525329A127525332.en. Retrieved 8 March 2022.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^"Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
^ abRojo, Justo P. (1999). Revised Lexicon of Philippine Trees. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines: Forest Products Research and Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology. ISBN9716260024.
^ abcMarciano, Marietta R., ed. (2012). Philippine Native Trees 101: Up Close and Personal. Green Convergence for Safe Food, Healthy Environment and Sustainable Economy, & Hortica Filipina Foundation, Inc. ISBN978-971-95469-0-0.
^Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511–522. In: Raymond M. Harley and Tom Reynolds (editors). Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
^Wagstaff, Steven J.; Hickerson, Laura; Spangler, Russ; Reeves, Patrick A.; Olmstead, Richard G. (1998). "Phylogeny in Labiatae s. l., inferred from cpDNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 209 (3–4): 265–274. doi:10.1007/BF00985232. S2CID 601658.
^. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2013-04-24.
^ abcdJackson, Grahame. "Fireworks: Clerodendrum quadriloculare". Pacific Pests, Pathogens & Weeds fact sheets. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
^ abcRojas-Sandoval, Julissa; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro (21 September 2012). "Clerodendrum quadriloculare (bronze-leaved clerodendrum)". Invasive Species Compendium. CABI. Retrieved 30 October 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
External linksedit
Media related to Clerodendrum quadriloculare at Wikimedia Commons
April 27, 2024
clerodendrum, quadriloculare, known, bronze, leaved, clerodendrum, fireworks, plant, philippine, glorybower, shooting, star, starburst, bush, english, bagawak, bagawak, morado, filipino, species, flowering, plant, native, guinea, philippines, many, species, pr. Clerodendrum quadriloculare known as the bronze leaved clerodendrum fireworks plant 3 4 Philippine glorybower shooting star or starburst bush 4 in English and bagawak or bagawak morado 3 4 in Filipino is a species of flowering plant native to New Guinea and the Philippines It is one of many species previously included in the family Verbenaceae but transferred to the Lamiaceae based on molecular studies 5 6 7 8 The plants produce flowers which look good in a garden but it can be difficult to eradicate Clerodendrum quadriloculare Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Lamiales Family Lamiaceae Genus Clerodendrum Species C quadriloculare Binomial name Clerodendrum quadriloculare Blanco Merr Synonyms 2 Ligustrum quadriloculare Blanco Clerodendrum blancoanum Fern Vill Clerodendrum navesianum Vidal Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Invasiveness 4 References 5 External linksDescription editThe bronze leaved clerodendrum is a medium to large sized shrub growing to a height of about 5 m 16 ft The branches and twigs are four sided The leaves are in opposite pairs and are borne on medium length petioles The leaf blades are oblong and up to 20 cm 8 in long the upper surface being green and the underside purple they have rounded bases wavy margins and pointed tips The showy flower clusters are borne at the tips of the shoots Each contains many flowers with slender pink tubes about 7 cm 3 in long each terminated by five slender white reflexed corolla lobes about 1 5 cm 0 6 in long The flowers are followed by ellipsoid capsules containing four seeds 9 The corolla tubes are exceptionally long and require specialist pollinators 10 Distribution and habitat editThe bronze leaved clerodendrum is native to the Philippines and Papua New Guinea and has also been recorded from American Samoa the Federated States of Micronesia Fiji French Polynesia Guam the Marshall Islands the Northern Mariana Islands Palau and Samoa as well as Puerto Rico 9 Singapore and Hawaii As well as parks and gardens it is found on road verges and on disturbed ground pastures forest edges and undisturbed forests where it is able to displace native species 10 Invasiveness editThe bronze leaved clerodendrum is grown as an ornamental shrub but it has become naturalised in many locations in some of which it is viewed as an invasive species 9 It is a vigorous rapid growing shrub which sends up suckers which may develop into thickets Additionally cuttings and pieces of detached roots are easily moved with soil and can develop into new plants and the seeds which germinate readily are spread by animals and birds in their droppings 9 This shrub can grow in full sun partial shade and deep shade and in some locations grows as a dense mono specific ground cover layer under the forest canopy 10 nbsp In bloom at the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden nbsp Seedlings nbsp Close up of a C quadriculare flowerReferences edit de Kok R 2021 2021 Clerodendrum quadriloculare IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T127525329A127525332 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2021 1 RLTS T127525329A127525332 en Retrieved 8 March 2022 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Clerodendrum quadriloculare Blanco Merr Plants of the World Online The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew n d Retrieved August 23 2020 a b Rojo Justo P 1999 Revised Lexicon of Philippine Trees Los Banos Laguna Philippines Forest Products Research and Development Institute Department of Science and Technology ISBN 9716260024 a b c Marciano Marietta R ed 2012 Philippine Native Trees 101 Up Close and Personal Green Convergence for Safe Food Healthy Environment and Sustainable Economy amp Hortica Filipina Foundation Inc ISBN 978 971 95469 0 0 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Cantino P D Harley R M amp Wagstaff S J 1992 Genera of Labiatae status and classification Pp 511 522 In Raymond M Harley and Tom Reynolds editors Advances in Labiate Science Richmond Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Wagstaff Steven J Hickerson Laura Spangler Russ Reeves Patrick A Olmstead Richard G 1998 Phylogeny in Labiatae s l inferred from cpDNA sequences Plant Systematics and Evolution 209 3 4 265 274 doi 10 1007 BF00985232 S2CID 601658 Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk Archived from the original on 2013 01 06 Retrieved 2013 04 24 a b c d Jackson Grahame Fireworks Clerodendrum quadriloculare Pacific Pests Pathogens amp Weeds fact sheets Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Retrieved 30 October 2020 a b c Rojas Sandoval Julissa Acevedo Rodriguez Pedro 21 September 2012 Clerodendrum quadriloculare bronze leaved clerodendrum Invasive Species Compendium CABI Retrieved 30 October 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link External links edit nbsp Media related to Clerodendrum quadriloculare at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Clerodendrum quadriloculare amp oldid 1189654940, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
