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Vitex

April 10, 2024

Vitex /ˈvaɪtɛks/[3] is a genus of flowering plants in the sage family Lamiaceae. It has about 250 species.[4][5] Common names include chaste tree or chastetree, traditionally referring to V. agnus-castus, but often applied to other species, as well.

Vitex
Vitex altissima
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Viticoideae
Genus: Vitex
L.[1]
Type species
Vitex agnus-castus
Diversity
About 250 species
Synonyms[2]
  • Macrostegia Nees
  • Neorapinia Moldenke
  • Mailelou Adans.
  • Limia Vand.
  • Allasia Lour.
  • Nephrandra Willd.
  • Tripinna Lour.
  • Chrysomallum Thouars
  • Tripinnaria Pers.
  • Pyrostoma G.Mey.
  • Wallrothia Roth 1821 not Spreng. 1815
  • Psilogyne DC
  • Casarettoa Walp.
  • Rapinia Montrouz.
  • Agnus-castus Tourn. ex Carrière
  • Varengevillea Baill
  • Pistaciovitex Kuntze
  • Viticipremna H.J.Lam
  • Tsoongia Merr.
  • Paravitex H.R.Fletcher
Vitex quinata

Species of Vitex are native throughout the tropics and subtropics, with a few species in temperate Eurasia and one in New Zealand.[2][6]

About 18 species are known in cultivation. V. agnus-castus and Vitex negundo are often grown in temperate climates.[7] About six others are frequently grown in the tropics.[8] Most of the cultivated species serve as ornamentals. Some provide valuable lumber. The flexible limbs of some species are used in basket weaving.[6] Some of the aromatic species are used medicinally[8][9] or to repel mosquitos.[8]

The genus Vitex was named by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753.[10] Vitex was the name used by Pliny the Elder for V. agnus-castus. It is derived from the Latin vieo, meaning to weave or to tie up, a reference to the use of V. agnus-castus in basketry.[11]

As a result of phylogenetic studies of DNA sequences, Vitex is one of several genera that were transferred from the Verbenaceae to the Lamiaceae in the 1990s. It is the largest genus in the subfamily Viticoideae of Lamiaceae.[4] Taxon sampling in molecular phylogenetic studies has never been sufficient to test the monophyly of the Viticoideae, but it is generally thought to be an unnatural group.[12] The subfamily is probably diphyletic, with Premna, Gmelina, and Cornutia constituting one clade, and with Vitex, Petitia, Pseudocarpidium, and Teijsmanniodendron constituting the other.[13]

Description edit

Vitex is a genus of shrubs and trees, from 1.0 to 35 m tall. Some species have whitish bark that is characteristically furrowed. Leaves are opposite, usually compound. The fruit is a drupe.[14]

Circumscription edit

In 2009, a molecular phylogenetic study showed that three small genera, Paravitex, Viticipremna, and Tsoongia, are embedded in Vitex. These three genera were duly sunk into synonymy with Vitex.[13]

Pseudocarpidium, Petitia, and Teijsmanniodendron possibly are nested within Vitex. Sampling in the 2009 study was not sufficient to determine the phylogenetic position of these genera. The relationships of Teijsmanniodendron to these genera was not discussed in a revision of Teijsmanniodendron in 2009.[15]

Selected species edit

 
Vitex cannabifolia flowers
 
Vitex chrysocarpus fruit and autumn leaves

References edit

  1. ^ "Genus: Vitex L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-09-10. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
  2. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ^ "Vitex". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  4. ^ a b Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-540-40593-1
  5. ^ Vitex In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see External links below).
  6. ^ a b David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK.
  7. ^ Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York.
  8. ^ a b c George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu (2005)
  9. ^ Tadzabia K, Maina HM, Maitera ON, Osunlaja AA (2013). "Elemental and Phytochemical Screening of Vitex Doniana Leaves and Stem Bark in Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria" (PDF). International Journal of Chemical Studies. 1 (3): 165–172.
  10. ^ Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. Species Plantarum 2:706. Laurentii Salvii. (see External Links below).
  11. ^ Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume I, page 91. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington, DC;, US. London, UK. ISBN 978-0-8493-2673-8 (set). (see External links below).
  12. ^ Systematics of Lamiaceae Subfamily Viticoideae. At: Website of Kew Gardens. (see External links below).
  13. ^ a b Gemma L.C. Bramley, Félix Forest, and Rogier P.J. de Kok. 2009. "Troublesome tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia". Taxon 58(2):500-510.
  14. ^ "Vitex Linn.". Manual of the New Zealand Flora.
  15. ^ Rogier P.J. de Kok, Go Rusea, and Abdul Latiff. 2009. "The Genus Teijsmanniodendron Koord. (Lamiaceae)". Kew Bulletin 64(4):587-625.

Further reading edit

  • Ray Harley, "In search of Labiatae in Eastern Brazil", Vitex: A Newsletter for Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae Research, ISSN 1470-0123, Issue 1, February 2000, page 5.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Vitex at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Data related to Vitex at Wikispecies
  • List of Genera in Lamiaceae, Missouri Botanical Garden
  • Vitex, Index Nominum Genericorum
  • Vitex in Biodiversity Heritage Library
  • CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: R-Z

April 10, 2024
vitex, genus, flowering, plants, sage, family, lamiaceae, about, species, common, names, include, chaste, tree, chastetree, traditionally, referring, agnus, castus, often, applied, other, species, well, altissimascientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclade,. Vitex ˈ v aɪ t ɛ k s 3 is a genus of flowering plants in the sage family Lamiaceae It has about 250 species 4 5 Common names include chaste tree or chastetree traditionally referring to V agnus castus but often applied to other species as well VitexVitex altissimaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder LamialesFamily LamiaceaeSubfamily ViticoideaeGenus VitexL 1 Type speciesVitex agnus castusL DiversityAbout 250 speciesSynonyms 2 Macrostegia Nees Neorapinia Moldenke Mailelou Adans Limia Vand Allasia Lour Nephrandra Willd Tripinna Lour Chrysomallum Thouars Tripinnaria Pers Pyrostoma G Mey Wallrothia Roth 1821 not Spreng 1815 Psilogyne DC Casarettoa Walp Rapinia Montrouz Agnus castus Tourn ex Carriere Varengevillea Baill Pistaciovitex Kuntze Viticipremna H J Lam Tsoongia Merr Paravitex H R FletcherVitex quinataSpecies of Vitex are native throughout the tropics and subtropics with a few species in temperate Eurasia and one in New Zealand 2 6 About 18 species are known in cultivation V agnus castus and Vitex negundo are often grown in temperate climates 7 About six others are frequently grown in the tropics 8 Most of the cultivated species serve as ornamentals Some provide valuable lumber The flexible limbs of some species are used in basket weaving 6 Some of the aromatic species are used medicinally 8 9 or to repel mosquitos 8 The genus Vitex was named by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753 10 Vitex was the name used by Pliny the Elder for V agnus castus It is derived from the Latin vieo meaning to weave or to tie up a reference to the use of V agnus castus in basketry 11 As a result of phylogenetic studies of DNA sequences Vitex is one of several genera that were transferred from the Verbenaceae to the Lamiaceae in the 1990s It is the largest genus in the subfamily Viticoideae of Lamiaceae 4 Taxon sampling in molecular phylogenetic studies has never been sufficient to test the monophyly of the Viticoideae but it is generally thought to be an unnatural group 12 The subfamily is probably diphyletic with Premna Gmelina and Cornutia constituting one clade and with Vitex Petitia Pseudocarpidium and Teijsmanniodendron constituting the other 13 Contents 1 Description 2 Circumscription 3 Selected species 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksDescription editVitex is a genus of shrubs and trees from 1 0 to 35 m tall Some species have whitish bark that is characteristically furrowed Leaves are opposite usually compound The fruit is a drupe 14 Circumscription editIn 2009 a molecular phylogenetic study showed that three small genera Paravitex Viticipremna and Tsoongia are embedded in Vitex These three genera were duly sunk into synonymy with Vitex 13 Pseudocarpidium Petitia and Teijsmanniodendron possibly are nested within Vitex Sampling in the 2009 study was not sufficient to determine the phylogenetic position of these genera The relationships of Teijsmanniodendron to these genera was not discussed in a revision of Teijsmanniodendron in 2009 15 Selected species editVitex acunae Vitex agnus castus chasteberry monk s pepper chastetree Vitex ajugaeflora Vitex altissima Vitex amaniensis Vitex capitata Vitex chrysocarpa Vitex cofassus Vitex cooperi Vitex cymosa Vitex divaricata Vitex doniana wild African black plum koronfinfin Vitex evoluta Vitex gaumeri Vitex gigantea Vitex heptaphylla Vitex keniensis Meru oak Vitex kuylenii Vitex lehmbachii Vitex leucoxylon Vitex lignum vitae yellow hollywood lignum vitae Vitex lindenii Vitex longisepala Vitex lucens puriri Vitex megapotamica Vitex negundo five leaf chastetree Vitex obovata Vitex orinocensis Vitex parviflora Molave tree Vitex peduncularis Vitex pinnata Vitex quinata Vitex rotundifolia beach vitex Vitex thyrsiflora Vitex triflora Vitex trifolia simpleleaf chastetree Vitex tripinnata Vitex urceolata Vitex yaundensis Vitex zanzibarensis Vitex zeyheri nbsp Vitex cannabifolia flowers nbsp Vitex chrysocarpus fruit and autumn leavesReferences edit Genus Vitex L Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture 2004 09 10 Retrieved 2010 12 12 a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Vitex Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required a b Raymond M Harley Sandy Atkins Andrey L Budantsev Philip D Cantino Barry J Conn Renee J Grayer Madeline M Harley Rogier P J de Kok Tatyana V Krestovskaja Ramon Morales Alan J Paton and P Olof Ryding 2004 Labiatae pages 167 275 In Klaus Kubitzki editor and Joachim W Kadereit volume editor The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany ISBN 978 3 540 40593 1 Vitex In Index Nominum Genericorum In Regnum Vegetabile see External links below a b David J Mabberley 2008 Mabberley s Plant Book third edition 2008 Cambridge University Press UK Anthony J Huxley Mark Griffiths and Margot Levy editors 1992 The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening The Macmillan Press Limited London The Stockton Press New York a b c George W Staples and Derral R Herbst A Tropical Garden Flora Bishop Museum Press Honolulu 2005 Tadzabia K Maina HM Maitera ON Osunlaja AA 2013 Elemental and Phytochemical Screening of Vitex Doniana Leaves and Stem Bark in Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State Nigeria PDF International Journal of Chemical Studies 1 3 165 172 Carolus Linnaeus 1753 Species Plantarum 2 706 Laurentii Salvii see External Links below Umberto Quattrocchi 2000 CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume I page 91 CRC Press Boca Raton New York Washington DC US London UK ISBN 978 0 8493 2673 8 set see External links below Systematics of Lamiaceae Subfamily Viticoideae At Website of Kew Gardens see External links below a b Gemma L C Bramley Felix Forest and Rogier P J de Kok 2009 Troublesome tropical mints re examining generic limits of Vitex and relations Lamiaceae in South East Asia Taxon 58 2 500 510 Vitex Linn Manual of the New Zealand Flora Rogier P J de Kok Go Rusea and Abdul Latiff 2009 The Genus Teijsmanniodendron Koord Lamiaceae Kew Bulletin 64 4 587 625 Further reading editRay Harley In search of Labiatae in Eastern Brazil Vitex A Newsletter for Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae Research ISSN 1470 0123 Issue 1 February 2000 page 5 External links edit nbsp Media related to Vitex at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Vitex at Wikispecies List of Genera in Lamiaceae Missouri Botanical Garden Vitex Index Nominum Genericorum Vitex in Biodiversity Heritage Library CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names R Z Systematics of Lamiaceae Subfamily Viticoideae Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vitex amp oldid 1218092423, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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