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Hispanicization (Spanish: hispanización)[1] refers to the process by which a place or person becomes influenced by Hispanic culture or a process of cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-Hispanic becomes Hispanic. Hispanicization is illustrated by spoken Spanish, production and consumption of Hispanic food, Spanish language music, and participation in Hispanic festivals and holidays.[2] In the former Spanish colonies, the term is also used in the narrow linguistic sense of the Spanish language replacing indigenous languages.
Within Spain, the term "Hispanization" can refer to the cultural and linguistic absorption of the ethnically BerberGuanches, the indigenous people of the Canary Islands in the century following their subjugation in the 15th century.
It is relatively rarely used as a synonym for Castilianization (castellanización) i.e. the historical process whereby speakers of minority Spanish languages such as Catalan, Basque, Galician, Astur-Leonese or Aragonese are linguistically assimilated and progressively abandon their language for Spanish. Since all of the aforementioned languages are co-official languages together with Castilian Spanish, the term castilianization is preferred.
The Moriscos (Muslims who had converted to Christianity but continued to live in distinct communities) had undergone an intensive, forced Hispanicization. Upon conversion, they were all given Spanish names by which they were known in all official documents (though in private, they probably often continued to use their original Arabic names). In 1567, Philip II of Spain issued a royal decree forbidding Moriscos from the use of Arabic on all occasions, formal and informal, speaking and writing. Using Arabic in any sense of the word would be regarded as a crime. They were given three years to learn a "Christian" language, after which they would have to get rid of all Arabic written material. It is unknown how many of the Moriscos complied with the decree and destroyed their own Arabic books and how many kept them in defiance of the King's decree; the decree is known to have triggered one of the largest Morisco Revolts[3] Ultimately, the Moriscos had only two choices - either accept a complete hispanization and give up any trace of their original identity, or be deported to Morocco.
United States
According to the 2000 United States Census,[4] about 75% of all Hispanics spoke Spanish at home. Hispanic retention rates are so high in parts of Texas and New Mexico and along the border because the percentage of Hispanics living there is also very high. Laredo, Texas; Chimayo, New Mexico; Nogales, Arizona; and later in the 20th century Coachella, California, for example, all have Hispanic populations greater than 90 percent. Furthermore, these places have had a Hispanic-majority population since the time of the Spanish conquest and colonization of the area in the 15th and 16th centuries.[5]
Some previously Anglo-majority cities have since become majority Hispanic, such as Miami (Hispanic majority by the 1970s)[6] and San Antonio (Hispanic majority by the 1980s).
In Spanish America it is also used to refer to the imposition of the Spanish language in the former Spanish colonies and its adoption by indigenous peoples. This refers to Spain's influence which began in the late 15th century and the Spanish Empire beginning in the colonization of the Canary Islands in 1402 which is now part of Spain. Later the landing of Christopher Columbus in 1492 in the Caribbean then Central America and South America. All these countries were Hispanicized; however, there are still many people there who hold a culture that still has its origins in the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Until recently, Castilianization has been official policy by the governments of many Hispanic American countries. Only recently programs of intercultural bilingual education have been introduced to a substantial extent. The same situation happens in European populations of non-Spanish origin, like Italian and German populations in Chile and Venezuela; this is voluntarily as some of them still speak their native languages.
The Philippine archipelago was ruled from Mexico as a territory of New Spain, from 1565 to 1821 and as a province of Spain until 1898. Since the late 16th century, the Hispanic culture has intemperately influenced, shaped, and became the foundation of modern Filipino cultural landscape. Derived from Austronesian and Iberian influences, modern Filipino culture is described[by whom?] as a blend of Eastern and Western (mostly Spanish) traditions. Although most Filipinos still primarily speak an Austronesian language, the Philippine languages have thousands of Spanish loanwords. Furthermore, a number of Filipinos to the south speak a Spanish-based creole known as Chavacano.
Bibliography
Beatriz Garza Cuaron and Doris Bartholomew. Languages of intercommunication in Mexico. In: Stephen Adolphe Wurm, Peter Mühlhäusler, Darrell T. Tyron (1996), Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific (1622 pages), pp. 1254–1290. Chapter 2. Historical outline, p. 1258, 2.1.5: Replacement of the dominant indigenous languages by Spanish, pp. 1260–1262. Chapter 4: Spanish as a language of intercommunication, from the Conquest to present. pp. 1270–1271.
Rainer Enrique Hamel: Bilingual Education for Indigenous Communities in Mexico. Encyclopedia of Language and Education (2008), Part 5, Part 18, pp. 1747–1758.
Juan Carlos Godenzzi: Language Policy and Education in the Andes. Encyclopedia of Language and Education (2008), Part 1, Part 4, pp. 315–329.
^Hispanic Spaces, Latino Places: Community and Cultural Diversity in Contemporary America, 2004. Edited by Dan Arreola, found in Chapter 14 "Hispanization of Hereford, Texas"
^Hispanic Community Types and Assimilation in Mex-America 1998. Haverluk, Terrence W. The Professional Geographer, 50(4) pages 465-480
^(PDF). Miami, Florida: Miami–Dade County Department of Planning and Zoning. September 2003. p. iii (p. 5 of PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
External links
Look up Hispanicize in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Nereo Hancco Mamani (qhichwa yachachiq): Irqikunap qhichwa simi kastilla simi ima Qhiwar ayllupi rimasqankumanta - El quechua entre los niños de una comunidad bilingüe surandina del Perú y su fortalecimiento (in Spanish and Quechua, article on castilianization in the Quechua village of Qhiwar near Sicuani)
January 20, 2023
hispanicization, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, articles, extremaduran, quechua, june, 2020, click, show, important, translation, instructions, translate, text, that, appears, unreliable, quality, possible, verify, text, . This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding articles in Extremaduran and Quechua June 2020 Click show for important translation instructions Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Extremaduran Wikipedia article at ext Castellaneu see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ext Castellaneu to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Hispanicization Spanish hispanizacion 1 refers to the process by which a place or person becomes influenced by Hispanic culture or a process of cultural and or linguistic change in which something non Hispanic becomes Hispanic Hispanicization is illustrated by spoken Spanish production and consumption of Hispanic food Spanish language music and participation in Hispanic festivals and holidays 2 In the former Spanish colonies the term is also used in the narrow linguistic sense of the Spanish language replacing indigenous languages Contents 1 Spain 2 United States 3 Hispanic America 4 Philippines 5 Bibliography 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksSpain EditWithin Spain the term Hispanization can refer to the cultural and linguistic absorption of the ethnically Berber Guanches the indigenous people of the Canary Islands in the century following their subjugation in the 15th century It is relatively rarely used as a synonym for Castilianization castellanizacion i e the historical process whereby speakers of minority Spanish languages such as Catalan Basque Galician Astur Leonese or Aragonese are linguistically assimilated and progressively abandon their language for Spanish Since all of the aforementioned languages are co official languages together with Castilian Spanish the term castilianization is preferred The Moriscos Muslims who had converted to Christianity but continued to live in distinct communities had undergone an intensive forced Hispanicization Upon conversion they were all given Spanish names by which they were known in all official documents though in private they probably often continued to use their original Arabic names In 1567 Philip II of Spain issued a royal decree forbidding Moriscos from the use of Arabic on all occasions formal and informal speaking and writing Using Arabic in any sense of the word would be regarded as a crime They were given three years to learn a Christian language after which they would have to get rid of all Arabic written material It is unknown how many of the Moriscos complied with the decree and destroyed their own Arabic books and how many kept them in defiance of the King s decree the decree is known to have triggered one of the largest Morisco Revolts 3 Ultimately the Moriscos had only two choices either accept a complete hispanization and give up any trace of their original identity or be deported to Morocco United States EditAccording to the 2000 United States Census 4 about 75 of all Hispanics spoke Spanish at home Hispanic retention rates are so high in parts of Texas and New Mexico and along the border because the percentage of Hispanics living there is also very high Laredo Texas Chimayo New Mexico Nogales Arizona and later in the 20th century Coachella California for example all have Hispanic populations greater than 90 percent Furthermore these places have had a Hispanic majority population since the time of the Spanish conquest and colonization of the area in the 15th and 16th centuries 5 Some previously Anglo majority cities have since become majority Hispanic such as Miami Hispanic majority by the 1970s 6 and San Antonio Hispanic majority by the 1980s Hispanic America EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message In Spanish America it is also used to refer to the imposition of the Spanish language in the former Spanish colonies and its adoption by indigenous peoples This refers to Spain s influence which began in the late 15th century and the Spanish Empire beginning in the colonization of the Canary Islands in 1402 which is now part of Spain Later the landing of Christopher Columbus in 1492 in the Caribbean then Central America and South America All these countries were Hispanicized however there are still many people there who hold a culture that still has its origins in the Indigenous peoples of the Americas Until recently Castilianization has been official policy by the governments of many Hispanic American countries Only recently programs of intercultural bilingual education have been introduced to a substantial extent The same situation happens in European populations of non Spanish origin like Italian and German populations in Chile and Venezuela this is voluntarily as some of them still speak their native languages Philippines EditSee also Spanish influence on Filipino culture This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Philippine archipelago was ruled from Mexico as a territory of New Spain from 1565 to 1821 and as a province of Spain until 1898 Since the late 16th century the Hispanic culture has intemperately influenced shaped and became the foundation of modern Filipino cultural landscape Derived from Austronesian and Iberian influences modern Filipino culture is described by whom as a blend of Eastern and Western mostly Spanish traditions Although most Filipinos still primarily speak an Austronesian language the Philippine languages have thousands of Spanish loanwords Furthermore a number of Filipinos to the south speak a Spanish based creole known as Chavacano Bibliography EditBeatriz Garza Cuaron and Doris Bartholomew Languages of intercommunication in Mexico In Stephen Adolphe Wurm Peter Muhlhausler Darrell T Tyron 1996 Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific 1622 pages pp 1254 1290 Chapter 2 Historical outline p 1258 2 1 5 Replacement of the dominant indigenous languages by Spanish pp 1260 1262 Chapter 4 Spanish as a language of intercommunication from the Conquest to present pp 1270 1271 Rainer Enrique Hamel Bilingual Education for Indigenous Communities in Mexico Encyclopedia of Language and Education 2008 Part 5 Part 18 pp 1747 1758 Juan Carlos Godenzzi Language Policy and Education in the Andes Encyclopedia of Language and Education 2008 Part 1 Part 4 pp 315 329 See also EditChilenization Language politics in Spain under FrancoReferences Edit Dictionary definition of Hispanicization Hispanic Spaces Latino Places Community and Cultural Diversity in Contemporary America 2004 Edited by Dan Arreola found in Chapter 14 Hispanization of Hereford Texas Kees Versteegh et al Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics Brill Publishers 2006 US Bureau of the Census 2004 Page 10 Hispanic Community Types and Assimilation in Mex America 1998 Haverluk Terrence W The Professional Geographer 50 4 pages 465 480 Demographic Profile Miami Dade County Florida 1960 2000 PDF Miami Florida Miami Dade County Department of Planning and Zoning September 2003 p iii p 5 of PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 20 2012 Retrieved January 19 2020 External links Edit Look up Hispanicize in Wiktionary the free dictionary Nereo Hancco Mamani qhichwa yachachiq Irqikunap qhichwa simi kastilla simi ima Qhiwar ayllupi rimasqankumanta El quechua entre los ninos de una comunidad bilingue surandina del Peru y su fortalecimiento in Spanish and Quechua article on castilianization in the Quechua village of Qhiwar near Sicuani Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hispanicization amp oldid 1125433338, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
