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C. N. R. Rao

May 08, 2023

Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao, FNA, FASc, FRS, FTWAS, HonFRSC, MAE, HonFInstP[1][2][3][4][5] (born 30 June 1934), is an Indian chemist who has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry. He has honorary doctorates from 84 universities from around the world and has authored around 1,774 research publications and 56 books.[6] He is described as a scientist who had won all possible awards in his field except the Nobel Prize.[7][8]

C. N. R. Rao

FNA, FASc, FRS, FTWAS, HonFRSC, MAE, HonFInstP
Professor Rao in January 2019
Born
Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao

(1934-06-30) 30 June 1934 (age 88)
Bangalore, Kingdom of Mysore, British India
Alma materMysore University (BS)
Banaras Hindu University (MS)
Purdue University (PhD)
Known forSolid-state chemistry
Materials science
AwardsMarlow Medal (1967)
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology (1969)
Hughes Medal (2000)
India Science Award (2004)
Dan David Prize (2005)
Legion of Honor (2005)
Abdus Salam Medal (2008)
Royal Medal (2009)
Padma Shri (1974)
Padma Vibhushan (1985)
Karnataka Ratna (2001)
Bharat Ratna (2014)
Order of Friendship (2009)
National Order of Scientific Merit (2012)
Order of the Rising Sun (2015)
Von Hippel Award (2017)
ENI award (2020)
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry
InstitutionsIndian Space Research Organisation
IIT Kanpur
Indian Institute of Science
University of Oxford
University of Cambridge
University of California, Santa Barbara
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
Websitewww.jncasr.ac.in/cnrrao/index.html

A precocious child, Rao completed BSc from Mysore University at age seventeen, and MSc from Banaras Hindu University at age nineteen. He earned a PhD from Purdue University at the age of twenty-four. He was the youngest lecturer when he joined the Indian Institute of Science in 1959.[9] After a transfer to Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, he returned to IISc, eventually becoming its Director from 1984 to 1994. He was chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014. He founded and works in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and International Centre for Materials Science.

Rao received most important scientific awards and honours including the Marlow Medal, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, Hughes Medal, India Science Award, Dan David Prize, Royal Medal, Von Hippel Award, and ENI award. He also received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from the Government of India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India selected him for Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, making him the third scientist after C.V. Raman and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam[10] to receive the award.[11][12][13] He received the award on 4 February 2014 from President Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.[14][15]

Early life and education

C.N.R. Rao was born in a Kannada Deshastha Madhva Brahmin[16] family[17][18] in Bangalore to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.[19][20] His father was an Inspector of Schools.[9] He was an only child, and his learned parents made an academic environment. He was well versed in Hindu literature from his mother and in English from his father at an early age. He did not attend elementary school but was home-tutored by his mother, who was particularly skilled in arithmetic and Hindu literature. He entered middle school in 1940, at age six.[21] Although he was the youngest in his class, he used to tutor his classmates in mathematics and English. He passed the lower secondary examination (class VII) in the first class in 1944. He was ten years old, and his father rewarded him with four annas (twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala high school in Basavanagudi, which made a lasting influence on his interest in chemistry. His father enrolled him to a Kannada-medium course to encourage his mother tongue, but at home used English for all conversation. He completed secondary school leaving certificate in first class in 1947. He studied BSc at Central College, Bangalore. Here he developed his communication skills in English and also learnt Sanskrit.[21]

He obtained his bachelor's degree from Mysore University in 1951, in first class, and only at the age of seventeen. He initially thought of joining Indian Institute of Science (IISc) for a diploma or a postgraduate degree in chemical engineering, but a teacher persuaded him to attend Banaras Hindu University.[21] He obtained a master's in chemistry from BHU two years later.[9] In 1953 he was granted a scholarship for PhD in Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. But four foreign universities, MIT, Penn State, Columbia and Purdue also offered him financial support. He chose Purdue. His first research paper was published in the Agra University Journal of Research in 1954. He completed PhD in 1958, only after two years and nine months, at the age of twenty-four.[21]

Career

After completion of his graduate studies, Rao returned to Bangalore in 1959 to take up a lecturing position, joining IISc and embarking on an independent research program. The facility at the time was so meagre that he described it, saying, "You would get string and sealing wax and that's about it."[9] In 1963 he accepted a permanent position in the Department of Chemistry at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. He was elected Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1964. He returned to IISc in 1976 to establish a solid state and structural chemistry unit.[21] and became director of the IISc from 1984 to 1994. At various points in his career Rao has taken appointments as a visiting professor at Purdue University, the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge and University of California, Santa Barbara. He was the Jawaharlal Nehru Professor at the University of Cambridge and Professorial Fellow at the King's College, Cambridge during 1983–1984.[22]

Rao has been working as the National Research Professor holding the positions Linus Pauling Research Professor and Honorary President of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, which he founded in 1989.[23] He had served as chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Indian Prime Minister for two terms, from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014.[9] He is also the director of the International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), which he founded in 2010, and serves on the board of the Science Initiative Group.[24]

Scientific contribution

Rao is one of the world's foremost solid state and materials chemists. He has contributed to the development of the field over five decades.[25] His work on transition metal oxides has led to basic understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship between materials properties and the structural chemistry of these materials.[26]

Rao was one of the earliest to synthesise two-dimensional oxide materials such as La2CuO4. He was one of the first to synthesise 123 cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in 1987. He was also the first to synthesis Y junction carbon nanotubes in the mid-1990s.[9] His work has led to a systematic study of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions. Such studies have had a profound impact in application fields such as colossal magneto resistance and high temperature superconductivity. Oxide semiconductors have unusual promise. He has made immense contributions to nanomaterials over the last two decades, besides his work on hybrid materials.[27][28]

He shares co-authorship of more than 1750 research papers and has co-authored or edited more than 54 books.[6][25][29]

Awards and recognition

Fellowships and memberships of academic societies

Honorary doctorates

From several universities, including Bordeaux, Caen, Colorado, Khartoum, Liverpool, Northwestern, Novosibirsk, Oxford, Purdue, Stellenbosch, Universite Joseph Fourier, Wales, Wroclaw, Notre Dame, Uppsala, Aligarh Muslim University, Anna, AP, Banaras, Bengal Engineering, Bangalore, Burdwan, Bundelkhand, Delhi, Hyderabad, IGNOU, IIT Bombay, Kharagpur, Delhi, Patna, JNTU, Kalyani, Karnataka, Kolkata, Kuvempu, Lucknow, Mangalore, Manipur, Mysore, Osmania, Punjab, Roorkee, Sikkim Manipal, SRM, Tumkur, Sri Venkateswara, Vidyasagar, Amity University, Gurgaon,[33] Visveswaraya Technological University and The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati 2022.[34][25][22]

Major scientific awards

Scientific awards

Indian governmental honours

Foreign honours

Legacy

  • Rao with his wife established the CNR Rao Education Foundation using the Dan David Prize money.[21] The foundation is based in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and offers Best Science Teacher Award to pre-university and high school science teachers.[59]
  • Rao established the International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS) which offers the C N R Rao Prize Lecture in Advanced Materials since 2010.[60]
  • The World Academy of Sciences instituted the TWAS-C.N.R. Rao Award for Scientific Research since 2006 for scientists in the least developed countries.[61]
  • The Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy has created the SASTRA-CNR Rao Award for Chemistry and Material Science in 2014.[62]

Personal life

Rao is married to Indumati Rao in 1960. They have two children, Sanjay and Suchitra. Sanjay works as a science populariser in schools around Bangalore.[63] Suchitra is married to Krishna N. Ganesh, the Director of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) at Pune, Maharashtra.[64] Rao is technophobic and he never checks his email by himself. He also said that he uses the mobile phone only to talk to his wife.[65]

Controversies

In 1987, Rao and his team published a series of four papers, of which three were in the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Chemical Science), Pramana, and Current Science, all published by the Indian Academy of Sciences.[66] A report was submitted to the Society for Scientific Values that the three papers had no mention of the dates of receipt, which were normally explicitly mentioned in those journals.[67] Upon inquiry, it was found that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the date of publication, indicating that they were backdated. The society declared the case as "Use of Wrong Means to Claim Priority."[66]

Rao has been subject of allegations on plagiarism.[68][69][70] Rao and Saluru Baba Krupanidhi at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, with their students Basant Chitara and L. S. Panchakarla, published a paper "Infrared photodetectors based on reduced graphene oxide and graphene nanoribbons" in the journal Advanced Materials in 2011.[71][72] After publication the journal editors found sentences copied verbatim in the introduction and methodology from a paper published in Applied Physics Letters in 2010.[73] According to Nature report, it was Basant Chitara, a PhD student at IISc, who wrote the text.[74] An apology was issued by the authors later in the same journal.[75] Rao said that he did read the manuscript and that it was an oversight on his part as he focused mainly on the results and discussion.[74]

Scientists such as Rahul Siddharthan (Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai), Y.B. Srinivas (Institute of Wood Science and Technology), and D.P. Sengupta (former professor at IISC), agreed that the plagiarised portion has no bearing on the findings,[76][77] yet Siddharthan opined that the reactions made by Rao and Krupanidhi were overboard. Rao and Krupanidhi publicly blamed Chitara, and denied the publication as not plagiarism.[76] Rao had commented, "This should not be really considered as plagiarism, but an instance of copying of a few sentences in the text." He even extended the blame to Krupanidhi asserting that he had no role in it as it was written by Krupanidhi without his knowledge.[78] His claims were not justified by the fact that he was the senior scientist and corresponding author in that publication.[71][76]

More allegations of instances of plagiarism in articles co-authored Rao have been reported.[79] Written with S. Venkataprasad Bhat and Krupanidhi, Rao's paper in 2010 about the effect of nanoparticles on solar cells in Applied Physics Express[80] contains texts that are very similar to those of a paper by Matheu et al. from Applied Physics Letters in 2008,[81] which it did not even cite.[76] Rao had stated, referring to the 2011 incident, that "[If] I have ever stolen an idea or a result (in) my entire life, (then) hang me."[82] But Rao's article contains similar study to and duplicated figures with that of Matheu et al.[76] An article in the Journal of Luminescence in 2011, written with Chitara, Nidhi Lal and Krupanidhi,[83] contains 20 unattributed lines which appear to be copied from articles by Itskos et al. in Nanotechnology (June 2009 issue) and Heliotis et al. in Advanced Materials (January 2006 issue). Another article in Nanotechnology, written also with Chitara and Krupanidhi,[84] uses six lines from the 1995 article by Huang et al. in Applied Physics Letters.[79]

Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government of India in spite of the controversy and was active as a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR).[85] In December 2013, brother and sister Tanaya Thakur, a law student, and Aditya Thakur, a class XII student, filed a public interest litigation in Allahabad High Court, Lucknow Bench, to challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna. They asserted that "a scientist with proven cases of plagiarism shall not be presented the highest civilian award."[86] But the court ruled them out as "filing pleas for publicity."[87] There was another plea to revoke the award in 2015, but the Central Information Commission dismissed the petition.[88]

On 17 November 2013, at a press conference following the announcement of his Bharat Ratna, he called the Indian politicians "idiots" which caused a national outrage. He said, "Why the hell have these idiots [politicians] given so little to us despite what we have done? For the money that the government has given us we [scientists] have done much more."[89] In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked about the "idiotic" way the politicians ignore investments for research funding in science.[90]

References

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Further reading

  • C.N.R. Rao (2010). Climbing the Limitless Ladder: A Life in Chemistry. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore. ISBN 9814307866

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to C. N. R. Rao.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to C. N. R. Rao.
  • Academic profile at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
  • Prof. CNR Rao @ JNCASR
  • Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
  • C.N.R. Rao Hall of Science

May 08, 2023
chintamani, nagesa, ramachandra, fasc, ftwas, honfrsc, honfinstp, born, june, 1934, indian, chemist, worked, mainly, solid, state, structural, chemistry, honorary, doctorates, from, universities, from, around, world, authored, around, research, publications, b. Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao FNA FASc FRS FTWAS HonFRSC MAE HonFInstP 1 2 3 4 5 born 30 June 1934 is an Indian chemist who has worked mainly in solid state and structural chemistry He has honorary doctorates from 84 universities from around the world and has authored around 1 774 research publications and 56 books 6 He is described as a scientist who had won all possible awards in his field except the Nobel Prize 7 8 C N R RaoFNA FASc FRS FTWAS HonFRSC MAE HonFInstPProfessor Rao in January 2019BornChintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao 1934 06 30 30 June 1934 age 88 Bangalore Kingdom of Mysore British IndiaAlma materMysore University BS Banaras Hindu University MS Purdue University PhD Known forSolid state chemistryMaterials scienceAwardsMarlow Medal 1967 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology 1969 Hughes Medal 2000 India Science Award 2004 Dan David Prize 2005 Legion of Honor 2005 Abdus Salam Medal 2008 Royal Medal 2009 Padma Shri 1974 Padma Vibhushan 1985 Karnataka Ratna 2001 Bharat Ratna 2014 Order of Friendship 2009 National Order of Scientific Merit 2012 Order of the Rising Sun 2015 Von Hippel Award 2017 ENI award 2020 Scientific careerFieldsChemistryInstitutionsIndian Space Research OrganisationIIT KanpurIndian Institute of ScienceUniversity of OxfordUniversity of CambridgeUniversity of California Santa BarbaraJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchWebsitewww wbr jncasr wbr ac wbr in wbr cnrrao wbr index wbr htmlA precocious child Rao completed BSc from Mysore University at age seventeen and MSc from Banaras Hindu University at age nineteen He earned a PhD from Purdue University at the age of twenty four He was the youngest lecturer when he joined the Indian Institute of Science in 1959 9 After a transfer to Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur he returned to IISc eventually becoming its Director from 1984 to 1994 He was chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014 He founded and works in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and International Centre for Materials Science Rao received most important scientific awards and honours including the Marlow Medal Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology Hughes Medal India Science Award Dan David Prize Royal Medal Von Hippel Award and ENI award He also received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from the Government of India On 16 November 2013 the Government of India selected him for Bharat Ratna the highest civilian award in India making him the third scientist after C V Raman and A P J Abdul Kalam 10 to receive the award 11 12 13 He received the award on 4 February 2014 from President Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan 14 15 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 3 Scientific contribution 4 Awards and recognition 4 1 Fellowships and memberships of academic societies 4 2 Honorary doctorates 4 3 Major scientific awards 4 4 Scientific awards 4 5 Indian governmental honours 4 6 Foreign honours 4 7 Legacy 5 Personal life 6 Controversies 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksEarly life and educationC N R Rao was born in a Kannada Deshastha Madhva Brahmin 16 family 17 18 in Bangalore to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao 19 20 His father was an Inspector of Schools 9 He was an only child and his learned parents made an academic environment He was well versed in Hindu literature from his mother and in English from his father at an early age He did not attend elementary school but was home tutored by his mother who was particularly skilled in arithmetic and Hindu literature He entered middle school in 1940 at age six 21 Although he was the youngest in his class he used to tutor his classmates in mathematics and English He passed the lower secondary examination class VII in the first class in 1944 He was ten years old and his father rewarded him with four annas twenty five paisa He attended Acharya Patashala high school in Basavanagudi which made a lasting influence on his interest in chemistry His father enrolled him to a Kannada medium course to encourage his mother tongue but at home used English for all conversation He completed secondary school leaving certificate in first class in 1947 He studied BSc at Central College Bangalore Here he developed his communication skills in English and also learnt Sanskrit 21 He obtained his bachelor s degree from Mysore University in 1951 in first class and only at the age of seventeen He initially thought of joining Indian Institute of Science IISc for a diploma or a postgraduate degree in chemical engineering but a teacher persuaded him to attend Banaras Hindu University 21 He obtained a master s in chemistry from BHU two years later 9 In 1953 he was granted a scholarship for PhD in Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur But four foreign universities MIT Penn State Columbia and Purdue also offered him financial support He chose Purdue His first research paper was published in the Agra University Journal of Research in 1954 He completed PhD in 1958 only after two years and nine months at the age of twenty four 21 CareerAfter completion of his graduate studies Rao returned to Bangalore in 1959 to take up a lecturing position joining IISc and embarking on an independent research program The facility at the time was so meagre that he described it saying You would get string and sealing wax and that s about it 9 In 1963 he accepted a permanent position in the Department of Chemistry at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur He was elected Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1964 He returned to IISc in 1976 to establish a solid state and structural chemistry unit 21 and became director of the IISc from 1984 to 1994 At various points in his career Rao has taken appointments as a visiting professor at Purdue University the University of Oxford the University of Cambridge and University of California Santa Barbara He was the Jawaharlal Nehru Professor at the University of Cambridge and Professorial Fellow at the King s College Cambridge during 1983 1984 22 Rao has been working as the National Research Professor holding the positions Linus Pauling Research Professor and Honorary President of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore which he founded in 1989 23 He had served as chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Indian Prime Minister for two terms from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014 9 He is also the director of the International Centre for Materials Science ICMS which he founded in 2010 and serves on the board of the Science Initiative Group 24 Scientific contributionRao is one of the world s foremost solid state and materials chemists He has contributed to the development of the field over five decades 25 His work on transition metal oxides has led to basic understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship between materials properties and the structural chemistry of these materials 26 Rao was one of the earliest to synthesise two dimensional oxide materials such as La2CuO4 He was one of the first to synthesise 123 cuprates the first liquid nitrogen temperature superconductor in 1987 He was also the first to synthesis Y junction carbon nanotubes in the mid 1990s 9 His work has led to a systematic study of compositionally controlled metal insulator transitions Such studies have had a profound impact in application fields such as colossal magneto resistance and high temperature superconductivity Oxide semiconductors have unusual promise He has made immense contributions to nanomaterials over the last two decades besides his work on hybrid materials 27 28 He shares co authorship of more than 1750 research papers and has co authored or edited more than 54 books 6 25 29 Awards and recognitionFellowships and memberships of academic societies Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences FASc 1965 1 Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy FNA 1974 30 Fellow of the Royal Society FRS 1982 2 Founding Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences FTWAS 1983 3 Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry Hon FRSC 1989 4 Foreign Member of the Academia Europaea MAE 1997 5 Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics Hon FInstP 2007 31 Member of many of the world s scientific associations including the National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences Royal Society of Canada French Academy Japanese Academy Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and Polish Academy of Sciences Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Serbian Academy of Sciences Slovenian Academy of Sciences Brazilian Academy of Sciences Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences National Academy of Sciences of Korea African Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society 32 He is also a member of the Pontifical Academy Honorary doctorates From several universities including Bordeaux Caen Colorado Khartoum Liverpool Northwestern Novosibirsk Oxford Purdue Stellenbosch Universite Joseph Fourier Wales Wroclaw Notre Dame Uppsala Aligarh Muslim University Anna AP Banaras Bengal Engineering Bangalore Burdwan Bundelkhand Delhi Hyderabad IGNOU IIT Bombay Kharagpur Delhi Patna JNTU Kalyani Karnataka Kolkata Kuvempu Lucknow Mangalore Manipur Mysore Osmania Punjab Roorkee Sikkim Manipal SRM Tumkur Sri Venkateswara Vidyasagar Amity University Gurgaon 33 Visveswaraya Technological University and The Assam Royal Global University Guwahati 2022 34 25 22 Major scientific awards 1967 Marlow Medal by the Faraday Society of England 35 1968 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in Chemical Science 35 2000 Centenary Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry London 35 2000 Hughes Medal by the Royal Society 35 2004 India Science Award 36 2005 Dan David Prize from Tel Aviv University 37 shared with George Whitesides and Robert Langer 38 2008 Abdus Salam Medal by The World Academy of Sciences TWAS 39 2009 Royal Medal by the Royal Society 35 2010 August Wilhelm von Hofmann Medal by the German Chemical Society 40 2017 The Von Hippel Award by the Materials Research Society 41 2021 International ENI award 2020 for research in renewable energy sources and energy storage also called the Energy Frontier award 42 Scientific awards 1961 DSc from Mysore University 1973 Yedanapalli Medal and Prize 43 1975 C V Raman Award in Physical Science by the University Grants Commission of India 43 1980 S N Bose Medal by the Indian National Science Academy 44 1981 Royal Society of Chemistry London Medal 45 1981 Founding member of the World Cultural Council 46 1989 Hevrovsky Gold Medal of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences 44 1990 Meghnath Saha Medal of the Indian National Science Academy 1996 Einstein Gold Medal of UNESCO 35 2004 Doctor of Science from University of Calcutta 47 2004 Somiya Award of the International Union of Materials Research 2008 Nikkei Asia Prize for Science Technology and Innovation by Nihon Keizai Shimbun Inc Japan 48 2008 Khwarizmi International Award 2008 for Innovation along with Ajayan Vinu 49 2011 Ernesto Illy Trieste Science Prize for materials research 35 2013 2012 Award for International Scientific Cooperation from the Chinese Academy of Sciences 50 2013 Elected honorary foreign member of Chinese Academy of Sciences 51 2013 Distinguished Academician Award from IIT Patna 52 2018 Platinum Medal from Indian Association of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 53 54 2019 The first Sheikh Saud International Prize for Materials Research from the Center for Advanced Materials of the United Arab Emirates 55 Foreign fellow of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 44 Indian governmental honours Padma Shri in 1974 Padma Vibhushan in 1985 Karnataka Ratna by the Karnataka State Government in 2000 56 57 Bharat Ratna in 2014 14 15 Foreign honours Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit from the President of Brazil in 2002 45 Chevalier de la Legion d honneur Knight of the Legion of Honour France in 2005 45 Order of Friendship by the President of Russia in 2009 58 Order of the Rising Sun Gold and Silver Star of Japan in 2015Legacy Rao with his wife established the CNR Rao Education Foundation using the Dan David Prize money 21 The foundation is based in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and offers Best Science Teacher Award to pre university and high school science teachers 59 Rao established the International Centre for Materials Science ICMS which offers the C N R Rao Prize Lecture in Advanced Materials since 2010 60 The World Academy of Sciences instituted the TWAS C N R Rao Award for Scientific Research since 2006 for scientists in the least developed countries 61 The Shanmugha Arts Science Technology amp Research Academy has created the SASTRA CNR Rao Award for Chemistry and Material Science in 2014 62 Personal lifeRao is married to Indumati Rao in 1960 They have two children Sanjay and Suchitra Sanjay works as a science populariser in schools around Bangalore 63 Suchitra is married to Krishna N Ganesh the Director of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research IISER at Pune Maharashtra 64 Rao is technophobic and he never checks his email by himself He also said that he uses the mobile phone only to talk to his wife 65 ControversiesIn 1987 Rao and his team published a series of four papers of which three were in the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences Chemical Science Pramana and Current Science all published by the Indian Academy of Sciences 66 A report was submitted to the Society for Scientific Values that the three papers had no mention of the dates of receipt which were normally explicitly mentioned in those journals 67 Upon inquiry it was found that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the date of publication indicating that they were backdated The society declared the case as Use of Wrong Means to Claim Priority 66 Rao has been subject of allegations on plagiarism 68 69 70 Rao and Saluru Baba Krupanidhi at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore with their students Basant Chitara and L S Panchakarla published a paper Infrared photodetectors based on reduced graphene oxide and graphene nanoribbons in the journal Advanced Materials in 2011 71 72 After publication the journal editors found sentences copied verbatim in the introduction and methodology from a paper published in Applied Physics Letters in 2010 73 According to Nature report it was Basant Chitara a PhD student at IISc who wrote the text 74 An apology was issued by the authors later in the same journal 75 Rao said that he did read the manuscript and that it was an oversight on his part as he focused mainly on the results and discussion 74 Scientists such as Rahul Siddharthan Institute of Mathematical Sciences Chennai Y B Srinivas Institute of Wood Science and Technology and D P Sengupta former professor at IISC agreed that the plagiarised portion has no bearing on the findings 76 77 yet Siddharthan opined that the reactions made by Rao and Krupanidhi were overboard Rao and Krupanidhi publicly blamed Chitara and denied the publication as not plagiarism 76 Rao had commented This should not be really considered as plagiarism but an instance of copying of a few sentences in the text He even extended the blame to Krupanidhi asserting that he had no role in it as it was written by Krupanidhi without his knowledge 78 His claims were not justified by the fact that he was the senior scientist and corresponding author in that publication 71 76 More allegations of instances of plagiarism in articles co authored Rao have been reported 79 Written with S Venkataprasad Bhat and Krupanidhi Rao s paper in 2010 about the effect of nanoparticles on solar cells in Applied Physics Express 80 contains texts that are very similar to those of a paper by Matheu et al from Applied Physics Letters in 2008 81 which it did not even cite 76 Rao had stated referring to the 2011 incident that If I have ever stolen an idea or a result in my entire life then hang me 82 But Rao s article contains similar study to and duplicated figures with that of Matheu et al 76 An article in the Journal of Luminescence in 2011 written with Chitara Nidhi Lal and Krupanidhi 83 contains 20 unattributed lines which appear to be copied from articles by Itskos et al in Nanotechnology June 2009 issue and Heliotis et al in Advanced Materials January 2006 issue Another article in Nanotechnology written also with Chitara and Krupanidhi 84 uses six lines from the 1995 article by Huang et al in Applied Physics Letters 79 Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government of India in spite of the controversy and was active as a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research JNCASR 85 In December 2013 brother and sister Tanaya Thakur a law student and Aditya Thakur a class XII student filed a public interest litigation in Allahabad High Court Lucknow Bench to challenge Rao s Bharat Ratna They asserted that a scientist with proven cases of plagiarism shall not be presented the highest civilian award 86 But the court ruled them out as filing pleas for publicity 87 There was another plea to revoke the award in 2015 but the Central Information Commission dismissed the petition 88 On 17 November 2013 at a press conference following the announcement of his Bharat Ratna he called the Indian politicians idiots which caused a national outrage He said Why the hell have these idiots politicians given so little to us despite what we have done For the money that the government has given us we scientists have done much more 89 In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked about the idiotic way the politicians ignore investments for research funding in science 90 References a b Fellowship Prof Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao Indian Academy of Sciences Retrieved 12 February 2022 a b The Royal Society Chintamani Rao The Royal Society Retrieved 12 February 2022 a b Founding Fellow Rao Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra The World Academy of Sciences Retrieved 12 February 2022 a b Royal Society of Chemistry Our Honorary Fellows Royal Society of Chemistry Retrieved 12 February 2022 a b Member C N R Rao Academia Europaea Retrieved 13 February 2022 a b Indian Research Information Network System Sathyamurthy N Rao C N R 2019 Face to Face with Professor C N R Rao Resonance 24 7 775 791 doi 10 1007 s12045 019 0840 2 S2CID 201041154 Pulakkat Hari 18 November 2013 Bharat Ratna nominee CNR Rao won all possible awards but the Nobel prize The Economic Times Retrieved 3 March 2020 a b c d e f Ganguli A K Ramakrishnan T V 2016 Living Legends in Indian Science C N R Rao PDF Current Science 111 5 926 931 Dhar Aarti 4 February 2014 C N R Rao Sachin conferred Bharat Ratna The Hindu Retrieved 12 February 2014 Sachin eminent scientist CNR Rao get Bharat Ratna The Times of India 16 November 2013 Retrieved 16 November 2013 Sachin first sportsperson to win country s highest civilian honour Bharat Ratna Hindustan Times New Delhi 16 November 2013 Archived from the original on 17 January 2014 Retrieved 16 November 2013 Bharat Ratna for Prof CNR Rao and Sachin Tendulkar Prime Minister s Office 16 November 2013 Archived from the original on 19 November 2013 Retrieved 16 November 2013 a b Sachin Tendulkar and CNR Rao conferred Bharat Ratna The Times of India 4 February 2014 Retrieved 4 February 2014 a b CNR Rao Sachin receive Bharat Ratna The Hindu 4 February 2014 Retrieved 4 February 2014 Chemistry By Othello Outlook India Retrieved 9 December 2013 Second Bharat Ratna for Chikkaballapur Times of India Retrieved 17 November 2013 Udupi New govt should invest more on science Bharat Ratna Dr C N R Rao Dajiworld Retrieved 21 May 2014 Bangalorean CNR Rao to get Bharat Ratna The Times of India 16 November 2013 Retrieved 16 November 2013 Scientist wonders why nobody asks him about Dan David prize Deccan Herald 18 November 2013 Retrieved 18 November 2013 a b c d e f David Stephen 3 June 2010 How I made it CNR Rao Scientist India Today Retrieved 3 March 2020 a b INSA Indian Fellow Indian National Science Academy Archived from the original on 13 August 2016 Retrieved 3 June 2013 Professor C N R Rao to be awarded with Bharat Ratna Biharprabha News Retrieved 17 November 2013 Madur 4 February 2014 The Key Figure in Structural Chemistry CNR Rao karnataka com Retrieved 30 July 2014 a b c Johnson R 20 July 2012 Author Profile C N R Rao Journal of Materials Chemistry Blog Retrieved 3 June 2013 Rao C N R 1989 Transition Metal Oxides Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 40 1 291 326 Bibcode 1989ARPC 40 291R doi 10 1146 annurev pc 40 100189 001451 Rao C N R Cheetham A K 23 November 2001 Science and technology of nanomaterials current status and future prospects Journal of Materials Chemistry 11 12 2887 2894 doi 10 1039 b105058n Rao C N R Cheetham A K Thirumurugan A 27 February 2008 Hybrid inorganic organic materials a new family in condensed matter physics Journal of Physics Condensed Matter 20 8 083202 doi 10 1088 0953 8984 20 8 083202 S2CID 227150809 ABC 24 November 2011 CNR Rao is the winner of the 2011 Ernesto Illy Trieste Science Prize abc org br The Brazilian Academy of Sciences Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 Retrieved 3 June 2013 Indian Fellow Professor Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao Indian National Science Academy Retrieved 12 February 2022 Honorary Fellows Professor C N R Rao Institute of Physics Retrieved 12 February 2022 APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved 16 December 2021 Satyarthi s 3D model Dream discover do Times of India 21 February 2015 Retrieved 3 October 2015 Eastmojo Team 30 March 2022 Assam Royal Global University confers 1723 degrees in 1st convocation Eastmojo a b c d e f g Chintamani N R Rao The Pontifical Academy of Sciences Retrieved 3 March 2020 Ramasami T 2005 India Science Award and Dan David Prize for C N R Rao PDF Current Science 88 5 687 The Hindu Karnataka News Dan David prize for C N R Rao Usurped Hinduonnet com 4 March 2005 Retrieved 13 March 2012 Dan David Prize Archived from the original on 11 May 2008 Retrieved 6 May 2008 Abdus Salam Medal The World Academy of Sciences Retrieved 30 July 2014 Jayaraman K S 2010 Need young scientists to lead C N R Rao Nature India doi 10 1038 nindia 2009 365 Awards Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Archived from the original on 24 June 2021 Bharat Ratna Professor Rao receives the Eni International Award for Research in Energy Frontiers Department Of Science amp Technology Dst gov in 27 May 2021 Retrieved 11 August 2022 a b RAO Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Indian Academy of Sciences Retrieved 30 July 2014 a b c Professor C N R Rao FRS Biography Bangladesh Academy of Sciences Retrieved 30 July 2014 a b c C N R Rao Elsevier Elsevier 2015 Retrieved 5 December 2015 About Us World Cultural Council Retrieved 8 November 2016 Honoris Causa Archived 8 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Caluniv ac in Retrieved 13 March 2012 CNR Rao Awarded Nikkei Asia Prize Convergence 25 February 2008 Archived from the original on 3 December 2013 Retrieved 23 November 2013 Khwarizmi International Award 21st Session 2008 Khwarizmi International Award KIA 123 54 Archived from the original on 13 September 2016 Retrieved 20 September 2016 China s top science award for Dr C N R Rao Archived 27 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 24 January 2013 CNR Rao is 1st Indian elected for Chinese Academy of Science Deccan Herald 22 November 2013 Retrieved 22 November 2013 Welcome to IITP Indian Association of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology IANN www iannindia org Retrieved 11 August 2018 IANN Platinum Medal First Awardee Prof C N R Rao Indian Association of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology IANN sites google com Retrieved 11 August 2018 First UAE research prize for scientist CNR Rao Outlook 18 January 2019 Retrieved 3 March 2020 Karnataka Government karnataka gov in Retrieved 3 March 2020 CNR Rao thrilled over award Times of India The Times of India 28 March 2001 Retrieved 3 March 2020 R A Mashelkar 17 November 2013 Tribute to a master alchemist Business Line Retrieved 23 November 2013 Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research www jncasr ac in Retrieved 3 March 2020 Materials Research Society of India www mrsi org in Retrieved 3 March 2020 TWAS C N R Rao Award for Scientific Research TWAS Retrieved 3 March 2020 SASTRA CNR Rao Award to be presented on February 28 The Hindu 4 January 2014 Retrieved 3 March 2020 Anon 16 November 2013 Know Bharat Ratna C N R Rao scientist par excellence www indiatvnews com Retrieved 3 March 2020 C N R Rao scientist par excellence Profile Business Standard News 16 November 2013 Retrieved 18 November 2013 Pallava Bagla 16 November 2013 Bharat Ratna awardee CNR Rao the scientist who finds computers distracting NDTV Retrieved 23 November 2013 a b Society For Scientific Values Newsletters Online www scientificvalues org Retrieved 3 March 2020 Mahajan Shobhit 12 December 2016 A Man Of Science But With No Art Of Storytelling Outlook Retrieved 3 March 2020 PM s science adviser apologises for plagiarism in science journal Times of India The Times of India Retrieved 4 October 2018 Plagiarism cloud over CNR Rao dna 21 February 2012 Retrieved 4 October 2018 CNR Rao 3 others in plagiarism row Deccan Herald 20 February 2012 Retrieved 4 October 2018 a b Basant Chitara L S Panchakarla S B Krupanidhi C N R Rao 2011 Infrared Photodetectors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphene Nanoribbons Advanced Materials 23 45 5419 5424 Bibcode 2011AdM 23 5419C doi 10 1002 adma 201101414 PMID 21786342 S2CID 37028643 Pallela Kamalakar Talari Sneha 2016 Plagiarism a serious ethical issue for Indian students 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society ISTAS IEEE 1 6 doi 10 1109 ISTAS 2016 7764048 ISBN 978 1 5090 2498 8 S2CID 34978602 Ghosh Surajit Sarker Biddut K Chunder Anindarupa Zhai Lei Khondaker Saiful I 19 April 2010 Position dependent photodetector from large area reduced graphene oxide thin films Applied Physics Letters 96 16 163109 arXiv 1002 3191 Bibcode 2010ApPhL 96p3109G doi 10 1063 1 3415499 S2CID 119238834 a b Jayaraman K S 24 February 2012 Indian science adviser caught up in plagiarism row Nature nature 2012 10102 doi 10 1038 nature 2012 10102 S2CID 178887072 Chitara Basant Panchakarla L S Krupanidhi S B Rao C N R 1 December 2011 Apology Infrared Photodetectors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphene Nanoribbons Advanced Materials 23 45 5339 Bibcode 2011AdM 23 5339C doi 10 1002 adma 201190182 a b c d e Siddharthan Rahul 9 March 2012 No Science in cut and paste The Hindu Subramanian Aishhwariya 22 February 2012 Plagiarism row Scientists swear by honesty DNA India Retrieved 3 March 2020 No plagiarism student copied a few sentences C N R Rao Deccan Herald 23 February 2012 Retrieved 3 March 2020 a b Prasad R 11 March 2012 More cases of plagiarism come to light The Hindu Bhat S Venkataprasad Krupanidhi S B Rao C N R 22 October 2010 A Comparative Study of the Effect of Metallic Au and ReO 3 Nanoparticles on the Performance of Silicon Solar Cells PDF Applied Physics Express 3 11 115001 Bibcode 2010APExp 3k5001B doi 10 1143 APEX 3 115001 S2CID 94903417 Matheu P Lim S H Derkacs D McPheeters C Yu E T 15 September 2008 Metal and dielectric nanoparticle scattering for improved optical absorption in photovoltaic devices Applied Physics Letters 93 11 113108 Bibcode 2008ApPhL 93k3108M doi 10 1063 1 2957980 Prashanth G N 23 February 2012 Plagiarism row Charges shocking unfair says Rao The Times of India Retrieved 3 March 2020 Chitara Basant Lal Nidhi Krupanidhi S B Rao C N R 2011 Electroluminescence from GaN polymer heterojunction Journal of Luminescence 131 12 2612 2615 Bibcode 2011JLum 131 2612C doi 10 1016 j jlumin 2011 04 027 Chitara Basant Ivan Jebakumar D S Rao C N R Krupanidhi S B 7 October 2009 Negative differential resistance in GaN nanocrystals above room temperature Nanotechnology 20 40 405205 Bibcode 2009Nanot 20N5205C doi 10 1088 0957 4484 20 40 405205 PMID 19738301 S2CID 206055962 styleshout com Erwin Aligam Rao C N R Home www jncasr ac in Retrieved 4 October 2018 PIL filed by class 12 students against Bharat Ratna to CNR Rao to be heard today India Today 5 December 2013 Retrieved 3 March 2020 Meet Mr amp Mrs Petition Thakur The Indian Express 20 August 2018 Retrieved 3 March 2020 Mrsubhash Chandra Agrawal vs Ministry Of Home Affairs on 16 February 2016 indiankanoon org Retrieved 3 March 2020 All you need to know about Bharat Ratna awardee CNR Rao Firstpost India 18 November 2013 Retrieved 22 November 2013 CNR Rao does damage control after outbursts Jaipal Reddy agrees with Rao s views on funding The Times of India 18 November 2013 Archived from the original on 21 November 2013 Retrieved 22 November 2013 Further readingC N R Rao 2010 Climbing the Limitless Ladder A Life in Chemistry World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Singapore ISBN 9814307866External links Wikiquote has quotations related to C N R Rao Wikimedia Commons has media related to C N R Rao Academic profile at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences Dan David Prize laureate 2005 Prof CNR Rao JNCASR Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research C N R Rao Hall of Science Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title C N R Rao amp oldid 1153278834, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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