Broome County, New York

Not to be confused with Broome, New York.

Broome County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the county had a population of 198,683.^[2][3] Its county seat is Binghamton. The county was named for John Broome, the state's lieutenant governor when Broome County was created. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Broome County
County
Broome County Courthouse
Flag Seal
Location within the U.S. state of New York
New York's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°10′N 75°49′W / 42.16°N 75.82°W / 42.16; -75.82
Country	United States
State	New York
Founded	1806
Named for	John Broome
Seat	Binghamton
Largest city	Binghamton
Government
• County Executive	Jason T. Garnar
Area
• Total	715.52 sq mi (1,853.2 km^2)
• Land	705.77 sq mi (1,827.9 km^2)
• Water	9.7 sq mi (25 km^2)  1.4%
Population  (2020)
• Total	198,683^[1]
• Density	281.6/sq mi (108.7/km^2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district	19th
Website	www.gobroomecounty.com

The county is part of the Binghamton, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Binghamton University, one of four university centers in the State University of New York (SUNY) system.

History

When counties were established in the Province of New York in 1683, the present Broome County was part of the enormous Albany County, including the northern part of New York State as well as all of the present State of Vermont and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. This county was reduced in size on July 3, 1766, by the creation of Cumberland County, and further on March 16, 1770, by the creation of Gloucester County, both containing territory now in Vermont.

On March 12, 1772, what was left of Albany County was split into three parts, one remaining under the name Albany County. One of the other pieces, Tryon County, contained the western portion (and thus, since no western boundary was specified, theoretically still extended west to the Pacific). The eastern boundary of Tryon County was approximately five miles west of the present city of Schenectady, and the county included the western part of the Adirondack Mountains and the area west of the West Branch of the Delaware River. The area then designated as Tryon County now is organized as 37 counties of New York State. The county was named for William Tryon, colonial governor of New York.

In the years prior to 1776, most of the Loyalists in Tryon County fled to Canada. In 1784, following the peace treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, the name of Tryon County was changed to Montgomery County, for General Richard Montgomery, who had captured several places in Canada and died attempting to capture the city of Quebec, thus replacing the name of the hated British governor.

In 1789, Montgomery County was reduced in size by the splitting off of Ontario County. The actual area split off from Montgomery County was much larger than the present county, also including the present Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara, Orleans, Steuben, Wyoming, Yates, and part of Schuyler and Wayne Counties.

In 1791, Tioga County split off from Montgomery County, along with Herkimer and Otsego Counties. Tioga County was at this time much larger than the present county and included the present Broome and Chemung Counties and parts of Chenango and Schuyler Counties.

In 1798, Tioga County was reduced in size by the splitting off of Chemung County (which also included part of the present Schuyler County) and by the combination of a portion with a portion of Herkimer County to create Chenango County.

In 1806, the present-day Broome County was split off from Tioga County.^[4]

Geography

 

A skyline view of the city of Binghamton, New York, June 6, 2023, from the First Ward neighborhood.

Broome County lies on the southern line of New York. Its southern border abuts the northern boundary of the state of Pennsylvania. The Susquehanna River flows southward through the eastern part of the county, enters Susquehanna County in Pennsylvania, then re-enters Broome and flows northwestward to meet the Chenango River at Binghamton. The combined flow moves west-southwestward into Tioga County to the west. The West Branch Delaware River flows southward along the lower portion of the county's east border, delineating that portion of the border between Broome and Delaware counties.^[5]

The county's western portion is hilly, with wide valleys that accommodate Binghamton and its suburbs. In the northern portion, Interstate 81 traverses a wide glacial valley. The eastern part of the county is much more rugged, as the land rises to the Catskill Mountains. The terrain generally slopes to the west.^[6] The county's highest point is in the southeast of the county, a U.S. National Geodetic Survey benchmark known as Slawson atop an unnamed hill in the Town of Sanford. It is approximately 2,087 feet (636 m)^[7] above sea level.^[8] An area due east on the Delaware County line in Oquaga Creek State Park also lies within the same elevation contour line. The lowest point is 864 feet (263 m) above sea level, along the Susquehanna River, at the Pennsylvania state line.

The county has a total area of 716 square miles (1,850 km²), of which 706 square miles (1,830 km²) is land and 9.7 square miles (25 km²) (1.4%) is water.^[9]

Adjacent counties

• Chenango County – northeast
• Delaware County – east
• Wayne County, Pennsylvania – southeast
• Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania – south
• Tioga County – west
• Cortland County – northwest

Protected areas

Source:^[5]

• Aqua-Terra Wilderness Area
• Beaver Flow State Forest (part)
• Beaver Pond State Forest
• Cascade Valley State Forest
• Cat Hollow State Forest
• Chenango Valley State Park
• Dorchester County Park
• Greenwood County Park (part)
• Hawkins Pond State Forest
• Marsh Pond State Forest
• Nathaniel Cole County Park
• Oquaga Creek State Park (part)
• Skyline Drive State Forest
• Triangle State Forest
• Whitney Point Multiple Use Area (part)
• Whittacker Swamp State Forest

Lakes

Source:^[5]

• Agwaterra Pond
• Blueberry Lake
• Chenango Lake
• Deer Lake
• Fly Pond
• Hawkins Pond
• Hust Pond
• Laurel Lake
• Lily Lake
• Nanticoke Lake
• Oquaga Lake
• Otselic River
• Potato Creek
• Sky Lake
• Summit Lake

Major highways

•   I-81
•     I-86 / NY 17 / Southern Tier Expressway / Quickway
•   I-88
•   US 11
•   NY 7
•   NY 7A
•   NY 7B
•   NY 12
•   NY 12A
•   NY 17C
•   NY 26
•   NY 38B
•   NY 41
•   NY 79
•   NY 206
•   NY 235
•   NY 363
•   NY 369
•   NY 434

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1810	8,130		—
1820	14,343		76.4%
1830	17,579		22.6%
1840	22,338		27.1%
1850	30,660		37.3%
1860	35,906		17.1%
1870	44,103		22.8%
1880	49,483		12.2%
1890	62,973		27.3%
1900	69,149		9.8%
1910	78,809		14.0%
1920	113,610		44.2%
1930	147,022		29.4%
1940	165,749		12.7%
1950	184,698		11.4%
1960	212,661		15.1%
1970	221,815		4.3%
1980	213,648		−3.7%
1990	212,160		−0.7%
2000	200,536		−5.5%
2010	200,600		0.0%
2020	198,683		−1.0%
U.S. Decennial Census^[10] 1790–1960^[11] 1900–1990^[12] 1990–2000^[13] 2010^[14] 2020^[15]

2020 census

Broome County, New York – demographic profile
(NH = non-Hispanic)

Race / Ethnicity	Pop 2010^[14]	Pop 2020^[15]	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	173,074	156,173	86.28%	78.60%
Black or African American alone (NH)	8,850	11,547	4.41%	5.81%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	328	413	0.16%	0.21%
Asian alone (NH)	7,019	9,337	3.50%	4.70%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	60	64	0.03%	0.03%
Some other race alone (NH)	242	864	0.12%	0.43%
Mixed race/multi-racial (NH)	4,249	10,000	2.12%	5.03%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	6,778	10,285	3.38%	5.18%
Total	200,600	198,683	100.00%	100.00%

Note: The US census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census,^[16] there were 200,536 people, 80,749 households, and 50,225 families in the county. The population density was 284 people per square mile (110 people/km²). There were 88,817 housing units at an average density of 125.8 units per square mile (48.6/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 91.33% white, 3.28% black or African American, .19% Native American, 2.79% Asian, .03% Pacific Islander, .79% from other races, and 1.59% from two or more races. 1.99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.1% were of Irish, 13.3% Italian, 12.3% German, 11.6% English, 6.4% American and 5.7% Polish ancestry according to the census.^[17] 91.4% spoke English, 2.0% Spanish and 1.1% Italian as their first language.

There were 80,749 households, out of which 28.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.60% were married couples living together, 10.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.80% were non-families. 31.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97.

The county population contained 23.00% under the age of 18, 11.00% from 18 to 24, 26.80% from 25 to 44, 22.80% from 45 to 64, and 16.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 93.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,347, and the median income for a family was $45,422. Males had a median income of $34,426 versus $24,542 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,168. About 8.80% of families and 12.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.90% of those under age 18 and 7.20% of those age 65 or over.

Climate

Broome has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) and the hardiness zone is mainly 5b.

Binghamton, New York
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     2.5     29 16     2.3     32 17     3     41 25     3.4     54 36     3.6     66 46     4.3     74 55     3.7     78 60     3.5     77 58     3.6     68 51     3.3     57 40     3.3     45 31     2.8     33 21 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches Source: ^[18]
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     62     −2 −9     59     0 −8     76     5 −4     87     12 2     91     19 8     109     23 13     94     25 15     88     25 15     92     20 10     85     14 5     84     7 0     72     1 −6 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm

Government and politics

For the past few decades, Broome County has been a swing county. Since 1964 the county has selected Democratic and Republican party candidates at approximately the same rate in national elections (as of 2016). The more recent elections had favored the Democratic candidate, until Donald Trump carried the county in 2016, the first Republican to win the county since Ronald Reagan in 1984. Joe Biden carried Broome with 50.5% of the vote in 2020. In Broome County, Democratic strength comes primarily from Binghamton and its suburbs, such as Johnson City and Endicott, while Republicans dominate the outer, rural parts of the county.

United States presidential election results for Broome County, New York^[19]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	43,800	47.08%	47,010	50.53%	2,221	2.39%
2016	40,943	47.57%	39,212	45.56%	5,917	6.87%
2012	37,641	46.15%	41,970	51.46%	1,954	2.40%
2008	40,077	45.11%	47,204	53.14%	1,556	1.75%
2004	43,568	47.41%	46,281	50.37%	2,041	2.22%
2000	36,946	42.43%	45,381	52.11%	4,757	5.46%
1996	31,327	36.09%	44,407	51.15%	11,080	12.76%
1992	34,653	34.71%	43,444	43.51%	21,749	21.78%
1988	47,610	49.41%	48,130	49.95%	625	0.65%
1984	58,109	60.47%	37,658	39.19%	322	0.34%
1980	39,275	43.99%	37,013	41.46%	12,992	14.55%
1976	50,340	55.53%	39,827	43.93%	491	0.54%
1972	55,736	59.84%	37,154	39.89%	245	0.26%
1968	46,872	52.48%	37,451	41.93%	4,988	5.58%
1964	32,048	35.16%	59,021	64.76%	70	0.08%
1960	56,467	59.44%	38,462	40.49%	62	0.07%
1956	67,024	74.27%	23,217	25.73%	0	0.00%
1952	64,738	71.38%	25,833	28.48%	119	0.13%
1948	43,110	60.73%	25,654	36.14%	2,222	3.13%
1944	44,013	58.52%	31,056	41.29%	137	0.18%
1940	44,013	57.70%	32,092	42.07%	179	0.23%
1936	36,945	54.65%	29,708	43.94%	950	1.41%
1932	32,751	57.97%	22,802	40.36%	941	1.67%
1928	39,860	65.25%	19,563	32.02%	1,669	2.73%
1924	28,262	67.70%	9,289	22.25%	4,198	10.06%
1920	24,759	68.96%	9,251	25.77%	1,893	5.27%
1916	11,445	53.34%	8,906	41.51%	1,105	5.15%
1912	7,949	43.55%	6,533	35.79%	3,770	20.66%
1908	10,705	58.15%	6,671	36.24%	1,032	5.61%
1904	10,853	59.53%	6,480	35.55%	897	4.92%
1900	10,397	58.00%	6,652	37.11%	877	4.89%
1896	10,630	63.75%	5,461	32.75%	583	3.50%
1892	8,259	52.36%	6,040	38.29%	1,474	9.35%
1888	8,405	53.70%	6,447	41.19%	801	5.12%
1884	7,182	52.95%	5,780	42.61%	602	4.44%

Broome County's offices are housed in the Edwin L. Crawford County Office Building of Government Plaza located at 60 Hawley Street in Downtown Binghamton.

Executive

Broome County Executives

Name	Party	Term
Edwin L. Crawford	Republican	1969–1976
Donald L. McManus	Democratic	1977–1980
Carl S. Young	Republican	1981–1988
Timothy M. Grippen	Democratic	1989–1996
Jeffrey P. Kraham	Republican	1997–2004
Barbara J. Fiala	Democratic	2005–Apr. 15, 2011
Patrick J. Brennan	Democratic	Apr. 16, 2011–Dec. 31, 2011
Debra A. Preston	Republican	Jan. 1, 2012–Dec. 31, 2016
Jason T. Garnar^[20]	Democratic	Jan. 1, 2017–

Legislature

The Broome County Legislature consists of 15 members.^[21] The 15 legislature members are elected from individual districts. Currently^{[as of?]}, there are 9 Republicans and 6 Democrats.

Broome County Legislature

District	Legislator	Title	Party	Residence
1	Stephen J. Flagg		Republican	Colesville
2	Scott D. Baker		Republican	Windsor
3	Kelly F. Wildoner		Republican	Binghamton
4	Kim A. Myers		Democratic	Vestal
5	Daniel J. Reynolds	Chairman	Republican	Vestal
6	Greg W. Baldwin		Republican	Endicott
7	Matthew J. Pasquale		Republican	Endicott
8	Jason E. Shaw		Republican	Endwell
9	Matthew J. Hilderbrant		Republican	Whitney Point
10	Cindy O'Brien	Majority leader	Republican	Chenango
11	Susan V. Ryan		Democratic	Binghamton
12	Karen M. Beebe		Democratic	Johnson City
13	Robert Weslar	Minority leader	Democratic	Binghamton
14	Mary Kaminsky		Democratic	Binghamton
15	Mark R. Whalen		Democratic	Binghamton

Party affiliation

Voter registration as of February 21, 2020^[22]

Party		Active voters	Inactive voters	Total voters	Percentage
	Democratic	44,335	5,694	50,029	37.59%
	Republican	41,318	3,895	45,213	33.97%
	Unaffiliated	23,535	4,051	27,586	20.73%
	Other^[nb 1]	8,980	1,273	10,253	7.70%
Total		118,168	14,913	133,081	100%

Law enforcement

In Broome County, law enforcement services are provided by local, county, state, and federal law enforcement professionals.

At the federal level:

• United States Marshals Service (located in the federal courthouse in downtown Binghamton) ^[23]
• Customs and Border Protection (Greater Binghamton Airport located in Johnson City) ^[24]
• Transportation Security Administration (Greater Binghamton Airport located in Johnson City) ^[25]
• Federal Protective Service (federal & GSA properties located in Downtown Binghamton)

At the state level:

• New York State Police^[26]
• New York State Court Officers^[27]
• New York State Park Police^[28]
• New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Police
• New York State University Police (Binghamton University) ^[29]
• SUNY Broome Office of Public Safety
  • Peace officers

At the county level:

• Broome County office of sheriff
• Broome County district attorney
  • Criminal investigators
  • School resource officers contracted through the DA's office ^[30]
• Broome County Government Security Division (NYS peace officers with quasi-law enforcement status, including powers of arrest and carrying firearms. They are located at county property, as well as county events.)

At the local level:^[31]

• Binghamton Police Department
• Endicott Police Department
• Johnson City Police Department
• Vestal Police Department
• Port Dickinson Police Department

Additionally, the 536-bed Broome County Jail is operated by the Broome County sheriff's office.^[32]

The Broome County Law Enforcement Academy facilitates the New York State-mandated basic course for police officers, which includes over 700 hours of instruction. All municipal police officers and deputy sheriffs within Broome County attend this academy. In addition, oftentimes officers from outside Greater Binghamton attend the academy. The academy frequently hosts officers from the Elmira-Corning area, Syracuse metropolitan area, and other regions within New York State.^[33]

Education

The primary institutes of higher education in Broome County include:

• Binghamton University (enrollment 18,500)
• Broome Community College (BCC or SUNY Broome)
• Davis College – a private Christian college founded in Johnson City, though the campus is now defunct and sits empty.

Communities

 

Map of Broome County, New York, showing towns and villages. For map key, click on image.

Larger settlements

#	Location	Population	Type	Area
1	†Binghamton	47,376	City	Greater Binghamton
2	Johnson City	15,174	Village	Greater Binghamton
3	Endicott	13,392	Village	Greater Binghamton
4	Endwell	11,446	CDP	Greater Binghamton
5	Chenango Bridge	2,883	Hamlet/CDP	Greater Binghamton
6	‡Deposit	1,663	Village	East
7	Port Dickinson	1,641	Village	Greater Binghamton
8	Whitney Point	964	Village	North
9	Windsor	916	Village	East
10	Glen Aubrey	485	CDP	North
11	Lisle	320	Village	North

† – County seat

‡ – Not wholly in this county

Towns

• Barker
• Binghamton
• Chenango
• Colesville
• Conklin
• Dickinson
• Fenton
• Kirkwood
• Lisle
• Maine
• Nanticoke
• Sanford
• Triangle
• Union
• Vestal
• Windsor

Hamlets

• Castle Creek
• Center Lisle
• Chenango Bridge
• Chenango Forks
• Glen Castle
• Hawleyton
• Hillcrest
• Hydeville
• Itaska
• Kattelville
• Newmans Corners
• Nimmonsburg
• North Fenton
• Nineveh
• Pleasant Hill
• Port Crane
• Quinneville
• Summit Hill
• West Chenango
• Wyman Corner

Census-designated places

• Binghamton University
• Chenango Bridge
• Endwell
• Glen Aubrey

Notable people

For a more comprehensive list, see List of people from Binghamton, New York.

• John Allen, dentist and inventor of new denture method^[34]
• Ira Cook (1821–1902), Iowa land surveyor and businessman, born in Broome County^[35]
• Daniel S. Dickinson (1800–1866), US Senator, lived in Broome County
• John Ducey (b. 1969), actor, born in Broome County
• Barzillai Gray (1824–1918), judge, born in Broome County
• Robert Harpur (1731–1825), colonial teacher, politician, pioneer, for whom Harpur College (now Binghamton University) was named, settled at Harpursville
• Johnny Hart (1931–2007), cartoonist, creator of B.C. and co-creator of The Wizard of Id, born in Broome County
• George F. Johnson (1857–1948), industrialist, philanthropist, co-founder of Endicott-Johnson Co., lived in Broome County
• Willis Sharpe Kilmer (1867–1940), industrialist and entrepreneur,^[36][37][38] lived in Broome County
• Rebecca Krohn, ballet dancer, born in Broome County
• Edwin A. Link (1904–1981), inventor, raised in Broome County
• David Ross Locke (1833–1888), Civil War journalist, born in Broome County
• Ron Luciano (1937–1995), baseball umpire, author, born in Broome County
• Billy Martin (1928–1989), baseball player, manager, retired to Broome County
• Leonard Melfi (1932–2001), author, playwright, born in Broome County
• William L. Mercereau (1866–1957), businessman, superintendent of carferries, born in Broome County
• Mary Blair Moody (1837–1919), physician, anatomist, born in Broome County
• Hidy Ochiai (b. 1939), karate and judo grand master, author, actor, resides in Broome County
• Camille Paglia (b. 1947), philosopher, author, born in Broome County
• Alice Freeman Palmer (1855–1902), educator, born in Broome County
• Amy Sedaris (b. 1961), actress, author, playwright, born in Broome County
• David Sedaris (b. 1956), comedian, essayist, playwright, born in Broome County
• Rod Serling (1924–1975), screenwriter, playwright, raised in Broome County
• Jack Sharkey (1902–1994), born Joseph Paul Cukoschay, world heavyweight boxing champion, 1931–33, born in Broome County

See also

•  New York (state) portal

• List of counties in New York
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Broome County, New York

Notes

1. Included are voters affiliated with the Conservative Party, Green Party, Working Families Party, Independence Party, Women's Equality Party, Reform Party, and other small parties.

References

1. "US Census 2020 Population Dataset Tables for New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
2. "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Broome County, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
3. "Broome County, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
4. A Brief History of Broome County (accessed 14 June 2019)
5. Broome County NY - Google Maps (accessed June 14, 2019)
6. . Google Maps. Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
7. "Hiking in Broome County". cnyhiking.com.
8. Another website lists the Benchmark's elevation as 2,080 ft (630 m) ASL: Slawson Benchmark, New York (PeakBagger.com) Accessed 14 June 2019
9. . US Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
10. "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
11. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
12. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
13. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
14. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and not Hispanic or Latino, by race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Broome County, New York". United States Census Bureau.
15. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and not Hispanic or Latino, by race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Broome County, New York". United States Census Bureau.
16. "U.S. Census website". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
17. "U.S. Census website". Retrieved March 4, 2008.
18. "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
19. Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org.
20. "County Executive - Jason T. Garnar". Broome County, N.Y. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
21. "Welcome to the Broome County Legislature". Broome County, N.Y.
22. "NYSVoter Enrollment by County". New York State Board of Elections. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
23. Rateshtari, Roya. "Name Northern District of New York | U.S. Marshals Service". www.usmarshals.gov. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
24. "Customs". Greater Binghamton Airport. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
25. "TSA". Greater Binghamton Airport. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
26. "Troop C". New York State Police. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
27. "Binghamton City Court | nycourts.gov". ww2.nycourts.gov. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
28. "New York State Park Police - Chenango Forks - Chenango Forks, NY (Address and Phone)". www.countyoffice.org. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
29. "Police | Binghamton University". Police - Binghamton University. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
30. "Broome Legislature Passes DA's School Resource Officer Program". www.wicz.com. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
31. "Local Police Agencies | Broome County". www.gobroomecounty.com. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
32. Sheriff, Sheriff. "Corrections Division". Retrieved February 25, 2023.
33. Sheriff, Sheriff. "Training Division". Retrieved February 25, 2023.
34. Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1963.
35. "Ringgold County IAGenWeb Project". iagenweb.org.
37. Life & Times Part 1
38. Life & Times Part 2

Further reading

• Sullivan, James; Williams, Melvin E.; Conklin, Edwin P.; Fitzpatrick, Benedict, eds. (1927), "Chapter I. Broome County.", History of New York State, 1523–1927 (PDF), vol. 2, New York City, Chicago: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., p. 793-800, hdl:2027/mdp.39015019994048, Wikidata Q114149636

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Broome County, New York.

• Broome County, New York
• Broome County at Curlie
• Broome County Oral History Project, Binghamton University Libraries