The blacktip grouper (Epinephelus fasciatus), also known as the redbanded grouper, blacktipped cod, black-tipped rockcod, footballer cod, red-barred cod, red-barred rockcod, scarlet rock-cod or weathered rock-cod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamilyEpinephelinae which is part of the familySerranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. It is the type species of the genusEpinephelus.
The blacktip grouper has a body which has a standard length which is around 2.8 to 3.3 times its depth. The area between the yes is flat but the dorsal profile of the head is convex. The rounded preopercle has a finely serrated rear margin with he lowest serrations slightly enlarged. The upper edge of the gill cover is straight.[3] The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 15-17 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8 soft rays.[2] The membranes between the dorsal fin spines are deeply indented. The caudal fin is moderately rounded. There are 49-75 scales in the lateral line.[3] The colour is variable and ranges from pale greenish grey to pale reddish yellow to scarlet. They frequently have 5 or 6 faint dark bars, the final one being on the caudal peduncle. The scales on the upper body have a pale centre and dark rear margin, which creates am indistinct checked pattern. The outer membrane of the spiny part of the dorsal fin is black, or dark red in specimens from Western Australia and some from deep water. There is a pale yellow or white spot to the rear of the tip of each of the dorsal fin spines. This species attains a maximum total length of 40 centimetres (16 in), although a more common length is around 22 centimetres (8.7 in), and a weight of 2.0 kilograms (4.4 lb).[2]
This species may present simultaneous hermaphroditism in smaller individuals, while the large individuals usually lose female function.[2]
The blacktip grouper feeds on crustaceans and smaller fishes by ambushing them.[2][6] It is found associated with coral reefs from 4 m deep (more commonly from 15 m) up to 160 m, in both marine and brackish water, sometimes in groups of 10-15 individuals.[2][6] Juveniles may find shelter in mangrove swamps.[7]
Blacktip groupers of the Red Sea are fished by the Bedouin.[7] It has also been associated with ciguatera poisoning.[2]
Parasitesedit
The nematode Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) fasciati
Blacktip groupers are host of several parasites, including Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. (diplectanidMonogeneans) on the gills.[8] The philometrid nematodePhilometra fasciati is parasitic in the ovary of female fish;[9] the adult female parasite is a red worm which can reach up to 40 centimetres in length, for a diameter of only 1.6 millimetre; the males are tiny. Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) fasciati is a nematode parasitic in the intestine, 20 mm in length, described in 2020 and named after the fish.[10]
^ abLaw, C. (2018). "Epinephelus fasciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T132817A100544403. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132817A100544403.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^ abcdefgFroese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Epinephelus fasciatus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
^ abHeemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date(PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. p. 150-152. ISBN92-5-103125-8.
^Bray, D.J. (2018). "Epinephelus fasciatus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
^ abLieske, E. & Myers, R.F. (2004). Coral reef guide; Red Sea. HarperCollins London. ISBN0-00-715986-2.
^ abSiliotti, A. (2002). Fishes of the Red Sea. Geodia, Verona. ISBN88-87177-42-2.
^Justine, Jean-Lou (2005). "Species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from Epinephelus fasciatus and E. merra (Perciformes: Serranidae) off New Caledonia and other parts of the Indo-Pacific Ocean, with a comparison of measurements of specimens prepared using different methods, and a description of P. caledonicus n. sp". Systematic Parasitology. 62 (1): 1–37. doi:10.1007/s11230-005-5480-0. ISSN 0165-5752. PMID 16132868. S2CID 35119181.
^Moravec, František; Justine, Jean-Lou (2014). "Philometrids (Nematoda: Philometridae) in carangid and serranid fishes off New Caledonia, including three new species". Parasite. 21: 21. doi:10.1051/parasite/2014022. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC4023622. PMID 24836940.
^Moravec, František; Justine, Jean-Lou (2020). "New records of anisakid nematodes from marine fishes off New Caledonia, with descriptions of five new species of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) (Nematoda, Anisakidae)". Parasite. 27: 20. doi:10.1051/parasite/2020016. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC7104620. PMID 32223885.
blacktip, grouper, blacktip, grouper, epinephelus, fasciatus, also, known, redbanded, grouper, blacktipped, black, tipped, rockcod, footballer, barred, barred, rockcod, scarlet, rock, weathered, rock, species, marine, finned, fish, grouper, from, subfamily, ep. The blacktip grouper Epinephelus fasciatus also known as the redbanded grouper blacktipped cod black tipped rockcod footballer cod red barred cod red barred rockcod scarlet rock cod or weathered rock cod is a species of marine ray finned fish a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae which also includes the anthias and sea basses It is found in the tropical Indo Pacific region It is the type species of the genus Epinephelus Blacktip grouper Adult of Epinephelus fasciatus Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Perciformes Family Serranidae Subfamily Epinephelinae Tribe Epinephelini Genus Epinephelus Species E fasciatus Binomial name Epinephelus fasciatusForsskal 1775 Synonyms 2 Perca fasciata Forsskal 1775 Serranus fasciatus Forsskal 1775 Epinephelus marginalis Bloch 1793 Serranus marginalis Bloch 1793 Holocentrus erythraeus Bloch amp Schneider 1801 Holocentrus forskael Lacepede 1802 Holocentrus marginatus Lacepede 1802 Holocentrus rosmarus Lacepede 1802 Holocentrus oceanicus Lacepede 1802 Serranus oceanicus Lacepede 1802 Serranus alexandrinus Valenciennes 1828 Cerna alexandrina Valenciennes 1828 Epinephelus alexandrinus Valenciennes 1828 Serranus variolosus Valenciennes 1828 Epinephelus variolosus Valenciennes 1828 Serranus tsirimenara Temminck amp Schlegel 1842 Epinephelus tsirimenara Temminck amp Schlegel 1842 Perca maculata Forster 1844 Serranus cruentus De Vis 1884 Serranus geometricus De Vis 1884 Serranus subfasciatus De Vis 1884 Epinephelus zapyrus Seale 1906 Epinephelus emoryi Schultz 1953 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Biology 4 Parasites 5 Taxonomy 6 Gallery 7 References 8 External linksDescription editThe blacktip grouper has a body which has a standard length which is around 2 8 to 3 3 times its depth The area between the yes is flat but the dorsal profile of the head is convex The rounded preopercle has a finely serrated rear margin with he lowest serrations slightly enlarged The upper edge of the gill cover is straight 3 The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 15 17 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8 soft rays 2 The membranes between the dorsal fin spines are deeply indented The caudal fin is moderately rounded There are 49 75 scales in the lateral line 3 The colour is variable and ranges from pale greenish grey to pale reddish yellow to scarlet They frequently have 5 or 6 faint dark bars the final one being on the caudal peduncle The scales on the upper body have a pale centre and dark rear margin which creates am indistinct checked pattern The outer membrane of the spiny part of the dorsal fin is black or dark red in specimens from Western Australia and some from deep water There is a pale yellow or white spot to the rear of the tip of each of the dorsal fin spines This species attains a maximum total length of 40 centimetres 16 in although a more common length is around 22 centimetres 8 7 in and a weight of 2 0 kilograms 4 4 lb 2 Distribution editThe blacktip grouper has a wide Indo Pacific distribution Its range extends from the Red Sea to the Eastern Cape in South Africa east as far as the Pitcairn Islands north to southern Japan and Korea and south to New Caledonia and Australia It is found in the Madagascar Mascarenes Comoros and the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean as well 1 In Australia it occurs from the Houtman Abrolhos in Western Australia north around the tropical coastline and then as far south as Port Hacking in New South Wales It can also be found on reefs in the Coral Sea Elizabeth Reef around Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea and Christmas Island 4 A single record was reported in 2012 from the eastern Mediterranean Sea off Lebanon 5 Biology editThis species may present simultaneous hermaphroditism in smaller individuals while the large individuals usually lose female function 2 The blacktip grouper feeds on crustaceans and smaller fishes by ambushing them 2 6 It is found associated with coral reefs from 4 m deep more commonly from 15 m up to 160 m in both marine and brackish water sometimes in groups of 10 15 individuals 2 6 Juveniles may find shelter in mangrove swamps 7 Blacktip groupers of the Red Sea are fished by the Bedouin 7 It has also been associated with ciguatera poisoning 2 Parasites edit nbsp The nematode Raphidascaris Ichthyascaris fasciati Blacktip groupers are host of several parasites including Pseudorhabdosynochus spp diplectanid Monogeneans on the gills 8 The philometrid nematode Philometra fasciati is parasitic in the ovary of female fish 9 the adult female parasite is a red worm which can reach up to 40 centimetres in length for a diameter of only 1 6 millimetre the males are tiny Raphidascaris Ichthyascaris fasciati is a nematode parasitic in the intestine 20 mm in length described in 2020 and named after the fish 10 Taxonomy editThe blacktip grouper was first formally described as Perca fasciata in 1775 by the Swedish speaking Finnish born explorer Peter Forsskal 1732 1763 with the type locality given as Ras Muhammad in the southern Sinai Peninsula of Egypt 11 The German naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch 1723 1799 created the new genus Epinephelus when he described E marginalis in 1793 however E marginalis is a synonym of Perca fasciata 12 and this means that this species is the type species of its genus 13 Gallery edit nbsp Juvenile nbsp Adult nbsp A variant of an adult with a pale body and a red front part nbsp Philometra fasciati Nematoda Philometridae a parasite of the ovary of the blacktip grouperReferences edit a b Law C 2018 Epinephelus fasciatus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T132817A100544403 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T132817A100544403 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 a b c d e f g Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2019 Epinephelus fasciatus in FishBase December 2019 version a b Heemstra P C amp J E Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue Vol 16 Groupers of the world family Serranidae subfamily Epinephelinae An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper rockcod hind coral grouper and lyretail species known to date PDF FAO Fish Synopsis Vol 125 FAO Rome p 150 152 ISBN 92 5 103125 8 Bray D J 2018 Epinephelus fasciatus Fishes of Australia Museums Victoria Retrieved 4 July 2020 Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea Epinephelus fasciatus 2nd Edition 2021 366p CIESM Publishers Paris Monaco https ciesm org atlas fishes 2nd edition Epinephelus fasciatus pdf a b Lieske E amp Myers R F 2004 Coral reef guide Red Sea HarperCollins London ISBN 0 00 715986 2 a b Siliotti A 2002 Fishes of the Red Sea Geodia Verona ISBN 88 87177 42 2 Justine Jean Lou 2005 Species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti 1958 Monogenea Diplectanidae from Epinephelus fasciatus and E merra Perciformes Serranidae off New Caledonia and other parts of the Indo Pacific Ocean with a comparison of measurements of specimens prepared using different methods and a description of P caledonicus n sp Systematic Parasitology 62 1 1 37 doi 10 1007 s11230 005 5480 0 ISSN 0165 5752 PMID 16132868 S2CID 35119181 Moravec Frantisek Justine Jean Lou 2014 Philometrids Nematoda Philometridae in carangid and serranid fishes off New Caledonia including three new species Parasite 21 21 doi 10 1051 parasite 2014022 ISSN 1776 1042 PMC 4023622 PMID 24836940 nbsp Moravec Frantisek Justine Jean Lou 2020 New records of anisakid nematodes from marine fishes off New Caledonia with descriptions of five new species of Raphidascaris Ichthyascaris Nematoda Anisakidae Parasite 27 20 doi 10 1051 parasite 2020016 ISSN 1776 1042 PMC 7104620 PMID 32223885 nbsp Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Perca fasciata Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 11 July 2020 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Epinephelus Species in the genus Epinephelus Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 11 July 2020 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Epinephelus Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 11 July 2020 External links editWildscreen Archive Photos of Blacktip grouper on Sealife Collection nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Epinephelus fasciatus nbsp fish portal Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Blacktip grouper amp oldid 1140373785, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
