The Tasman Sea (Māori: Te Tai-o-Rēhua,[1]Pitcairn-Norfolk: Tasman Sii) is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known person to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.[2]
The Tasman Sea is informally referred to in both Australian and New Zealand English as the Ditch; for example, "crossing the Ditch" means travelling to Australia from New Zealand, or vice versa. The diminutive term "the Ditch" used for the Tasman Sea is comparable to referring to the North Atlantic Ocean as "the Pond".
The south of the sea is passed over by depressions going from west to east. The northern limit of these westerly winds is near to 40°S. During the southern winter, from April to October, the northern branch of these winds from the west changes its direction toward the north and goes up against trade winds. Hence, the sea receives frequent winds from the southwest during this period. In the Australian summer (from November to March), the southern branch of the trade winds goes up against west winds and produces further wind activity in the area.[3]
Geography
The Tasman Sea is 2,250 km (1,400 mi) wide and has an area of 2,300,000 km2 (890,000 sq mi).[2] The maximum depth of the sea is 5,943 m (19,498 ft).[4] The base of the sea is made up of globigerina ooze. A small zone of pteropod ooze is found to the south of New Caledonia and to the southern extent of 30°S, siliceous ooze can be found.[5]
On the West A line from Gabo Island (near Cape Howe, 37°30'S) to the northeast point of East Sister Island (148°E), thence along the 148th meridian to Flinders Island; beyond this island a line running to the eastward of the Vansittart Shoals to [Cape] Barren Island, and from Cape Barren (the easternmost point of [Cape] Barren Island) to Eddystone Point (41°S) in Tasmania, thence along the east coast to South East Cape, the southern point of Tasmania.
The Tasman Sea's midocean ridge developed between 85 and 55 million years ago as Australia and Zealandia broke apart during the breakup of supercontinentGondwana. It lies roughly midway between the continental margins of Australia and Zealandia. Much of Zealandia is submerged, so the ridge runs much closer to the Australian coast than New Zealand's.[7]
Islands
The Tasman Sea features a number of midsea island groups, quite apart from coastal islands located near the Australian and New Zealand mainlands:
A deep-sea research ship, the RV Tangaroa, explored the sea and found 500 species of fish and 1300 species of invertebrates. The tooth of a megalodon, an extinct shark, was also found by researchers.[12]
History
In 1876, the first telegraph cable connecting Australia and New Zealand was lain in the Tasman Sea.[13]Moncrieff and Hood were the first to attempt a trans-Tasman crossing by plane in 1928. The first successful flight over the sea was accomplished by Charles Kingsford Smith and Charles Ulm later that year. The first person to row solo across the sea was Colin Quincey in 1977. The next successful solo crossing was completed by his son, Shaun Quincey, in 2010.[14]
^Rāwiri Taonui. Tapa whenua – naming places – Events, maps and European influences, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, Ministry for Culture and Heritage. ISBN978-0-478-18451-8. Updated 1 March 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2011
^Van Der Linden, Willem J.M (1969). "Extinct mid-ocean ridges in the Tasman sea and in the Western Pacific". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 6 (6): 483–490. Bibcode:1969E&PSL...6..483V. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(69)90120-4.
^"Lord Howe Island, Tasman Sea, Australia". volcano.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
^"Ball's Pyramid". Unusual Places. 5 September 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
^van der Linden, Willem J. M. (January 2012). "Morphology of the Tasman sea floor". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 13 (1): 282–291. doi:10.1080/00288306.1970.10428218.
^"Mysterious ocean feature found in Tasman Sea". Australian Geographic. 24 February 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
^"Tasman Sea produces freaky species". CBC News. 30 June 2003. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
^Mander, Neil (2011). "COMPAC Submarine Telephone Cable System". In La Roche, John (ed.). Evolving Auckland: The City's Engineering Heritage. Wily Publications. pp. 195–202. ISBN9781927167038.
^Anne Barrowclough (14 March 2010). "Kiwi becomes second person to row across the Tasman Sea". Times Online. Times Newspapers. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
Further reading
Rotschi, H.; Lemasson, L. (1967), Oceanography of the Coral and Tasman Seas(PDF), Oceanogr Marine Biol Ann Rev, ASIN B00KJ0X6D4
tasman, māori, rēhua, pitcairn, norfolk, tasman, marginal, south, pacific, ocean, situated, between, australia, zealand, measures, about, across, about, from, north, south, named, after, dutch, explorer, abel, janszoon, tasman, 1642, first, known, person, cros. The Tasman Sea Maori Te Tai o Rehua 1 Pitcairn Norfolk Tasman Sii is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean situated between Australia and New Zealand It measures about 2 000 km 1 200 mi across and about 2 800 km 1 700 mi from north to south The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman who in 1642 was the first known person to cross it British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration 2 Tasman SeaLocationMap of the Tasman SeaLocationWestern Pacific OceanCoordinates40 S 160 E 40 S 160 E 40 160TypeSeaBasin countriesAustralia New ZealandMax length2 800 km 1 700 mi Max width2 200 km 1 400 mi Surface area2 300 000 km2 890 000 sq mi IslandsLord Howe Island Norfolk IslandBenchesLord Howe RiseSettlementsNewcastle Sydney Wollongong Hobart Australia Auckland Wellington New Plymouth Whanganui New Zealand Satellite photo of the Tasman Sea The Tasman Sea is informally referred to in both Australian and New Zealand English as the Ditch for example crossing the Ditch means travelling to Australia from New Zealand or vice versa The diminutive term the Ditch used for the Tasman Sea is comparable to referring to the North Atlantic Ocean as the Pond Contents 1 Climate 2 Geography 2 1 Extent 2 2 Ridge 2 3 Islands 2 4 Adjoining bodies of water 3 Animal and plant life 4 History 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksClimate EditThe south of the sea is passed over by depressions going from west to east The northern limit of these westerly winds is near to 40 S During the southern winter from April to October the northern branch of these winds from the west changes its direction toward the north and goes up against trade winds Hence the sea receives frequent winds from the southwest during this period In the Australian summer from November to March the southern branch of the trade winds goes up against west winds and produces further wind activity in the area 3 Geography EditThe Tasman Sea is 2 250 km 1 400 mi wide and has an area of 2 300 000 km2 890 000 sq mi 2 The maximum depth of the sea is 5 943 m 19 498 ft 4 The base of the sea is made up of globigerina ooze A small zone of pteropod ooze is found to the south of New Caledonia and to the southern extent of 30 S siliceous ooze can be found 5 Extent Edit The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Tasman Sea as 6 On the West A line from Gabo Island near Cape Howe 37 30 S to the northeast point of East Sister Island 148 E thence along the 148th meridian to Flinders Island beyond this island a line running to the eastward of the Vansittart Shoals to Cape Barren Island and from Cape Barren the easternmost point of Cape Barren Island to Eddystone Point 41 S in Tasmania thence along the east coast to South East Cape the southern point of Tasmania On the North The parallel of 30 S from the Australian coast eastward as far as a line joining the east extremities of Elizabeth Reef and South East Rock 31 47 S 159 18 E 31 783 S 159 300 E 31 783 159 300 then to the southward along this line to the South East Rock an outlier of Lord Howe Island On the Northeast From the South East Rock to the north point of Three Kings Islands 34 10 S 172 10 E 34 167 S 172 167 E 34 167 172 167 thence to North Cape in New Zealand On the East In Cook Strait A line joining the south extreme of the foul ground off Cape Palliser Ngawi and the Lighthouse on Cape Campbell Te Karaka In Foveaux Strait 46 45 S A line joining the light on Waipapapa Point sic 168 33 E with East Head 47 02 S of Stewart Island Rakiura On the Southeast A line running from South West Cape Stewart Island through the Snares 48 S 166 30 E to North West Cape Auckland Island 50 30 S 166 10 E 50 500 S 166 167 E 50 500 166 167 through this island to its southern point On the South A line joining the southern point of Auckland Island 50 55 S 166 0 E 50 917 S 166 000 E 50 917 166 000 to South East Cape the southern point of Tasmania Ridge Edit Smoke from the Black Saturday bushfires crosses the southern Tasman Sea The Tasman Sea s midocean ridge developed between 85 and 55 million years ago as Australia and Zealandia broke apart during the breakup of supercontinent Gondwana It lies roughly midway between the continental margins of Australia and Zealandia Much of Zealandia is submerged so the ridge runs much closer to the Australian coast than New Zealand s 7 Islands Edit The Tasman Sea features a number of midsea island groups quite apart from coastal islands located near the Australian and New Zealand mainlands Lord Howe Island part of New South Wales 8 Ball s Pyramid part of New South Wales 9 Adjoining bodies of water Edit North Coral Sea 10 Northeast and East Pacific Ocean East Cook Strait South and southeast Southern Ocean West Bass Strait 11 Animal and plant life EditA deep sea research ship the RV Tangaroa explored the sea and found 500 species of fish and 1300 species of invertebrates The tooth of a megalodon an extinct shark was also found by researchers 12 History EditIn 1876 the first telegraph cable connecting Australia and New Zealand was lain in the Tasman Sea 13 Moncrieff and Hood were the first to attempt a trans Tasman crossing by plane in 1928 The first successful flight over the sea was accomplished by Charles Kingsford Smith and Charles Ulm later that year The first person to row solo across the sea was Colin Quincey in 1977 The next successful solo crossing was completed by his son Shaun Quincey in 2010 14 See also Edit Australia portal New Zealand portal Oceans portalAxis naval activity in New Zealand waters List of seasReferences Edit Rawiri Taonui Tapa whenua naming places Events maps and European influences Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage ISBN 978 0 478 18451 8 Updated 1 March 2009 Retrieved 24 February 2011 a b Tasman Sea Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 3 January 2018 Rotschi amp Lemasson 1967 p 54 Depth of the sea PDF Retrieved 23 April 2018 Rotschi amp Lemasson 1967 p 51 Limits of Oceans and Seas 3rd edition PDF International Hydrographic Organization 1953 p 36 Retrieved 28 December 2020 Van Der Linden Willem J M 1969 Extinct mid ocean ridges in the Tasman sea and in the Western Pacific Earth and Planetary Science Letters 6 6 483 490 Bibcode 1969E amp PSL 6 483V doi 10 1016 0012 821X 69 90120 4 Lord Howe Island Tasman Sea Australia volcano oregonstate edu Retrieved 23 April 2018 Ball s Pyramid Unusual Places 5 September 2013 Retrieved 23 April 2018 van der Linden Willem J M January 2012 Morphology of the Tasman sea floor New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 13 1 282 291 doi 10 1080 00288306 1970 10428218 Mysterious ocean feature found in Tasman Sea Australian Geographic 24 February 2012 Retrieved 23 April 2018 Tasman Sea produces freaky species CBC News 30 June 2003 Retrieved 23 April 2018 Mander Neil 2011 COMPAC Submarine Telephone Cable System In La Roche John ed Evolving Auckland The City s Engineering Heritage Wily Publications pp 195 202 ISBN 9781927167038 Anne Barrowclough 14 March 2010 Kiwi becomes second person to row across the Tasman Sea Times Online Times Newspapers Retrieved 22 May 2011 Further reading EditRotschi H Lemasson L 1967 Oceanography of the Coral and Tasman Seas PDF Oceanogr Marine Biol Ann Rev ASIN B00KJ0X6D4External links Edit Media related to Tasman Sea at Wikimedia Commons Coordinates 40 S 160 E 40 S 160 E 40 160 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tasman Sea amp oldid 1128626741, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
