Betawi, also known as Betawi Malay, Jakartan Malay, or Batavian Malay, is the spoken language of the Betawi people in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the native language of perhaps 5 million people; a precise number is difficult to determine due to the vague use of the name.
Betawi Malay is a popular informal language in contemporary Indonesia, used as the base of Indonesian slang and commonly spoken in Jakarta TV soap operas and some animated cartoons (e.g. Adit Sopo Jarwo).[2] The name "Betawi" stems from Batavia, the official name of Jakarta during the era of the Dutch East Indies. Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian, a vernacular form of Indonesian that has spread from Jakarta into large areas of Java and replaced existing Malay dialects, has its roots in Betawi Malay. According to Uri Tadmor, there is no clear border distinguishing Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian from Betawi Malay.[3]
Distribution map of languages spoken in Java, Madura, and Bali. Betawi language spoken in and around modern Jakarta (blue) is traditionally registered as Malay.
The origin of Betawi is of debate to linguists; many consider it to be a Malay dialect descended from Proto-Malayic, while others consider it to have developed as a creole. It is believed that descendants of Chinese men and Balinese women in Batavia converted to Islam and spoke a pidgin that was later creolized, and then decreolized incorporating many elements from Sundanese and Javanese (Uri Tadmor 2013).[4]
Betawi has large amounts of Hokkien Chinese, Arabic, Portuguese, and Dutch loanwords. It replaced the earlier Portuguese creole of Batavia, Mardijker. The first-person pronoun gua ('I' or 'me') and second-person pronoun lu ('you') and numerals such as cepek ('a hundred'), gopek ('five hundred'), and seceng ('a thousand') are from Hokkien, whereas the words ane ('I' or 'me') and ente ('you') are derived from Arabic. Cocos Malay, spoken in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia and Sabah, Malaysia is believed to have derived from an earlier form of Betawi Malay.
Another Suburban Betawi variant is called Betawi Ora, which was highly influenced by Sundanese.
Betawi is still spoken by the older generation in some locations on the outskirts of Jakarta, such as Kampung Melayu, Pasar Rebo, Pondok Gede, Ulujami, and Jagakarsa.[5]
There is a significant Chinese community which lives around Tangerang, called Cina Benteng, who have stopped speaking Chinese and now speak Betawian Malay with noticeable influence of Chinese (mostly Hokkien) loanwords.
iye (strong e, not schwa like Johor and Riau accent), iyah: 'yes'
kaga, ora (udik variant): 'no'
Encing mo pegi ke mane?: 'Where will you go, uncle?'
Dagangan aye udeh beres, dah: 'My stuff has been sold out.'
The ending of every Betawi word that ends with an "a" is pronounced "e" like in the English word net. The "e" is pronounced in a way different from the way Johor and Riau Malays pronounce it.
Sampleedit
Mark 1:9-11 in Middle Betawi dialectA sample of a man speaking in Middle Betawi dialect
Englishedit
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Malayedit
Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.
Betawiedit
Semue orang ntu dilahirin bebas ame punye martabat dan hak-hak yang same. Mereka ntu dikasih akal ame ati nurani dan kudu bergaul satu ame lainnye dalem semangat persaudaraan.
^Betawi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^Bowden, John. Towards an account of information structure in Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Structure of Austronesian Languages, 10 April 2014. Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. p. 194.
^Kozok, Uli (2016), Indonesian Native Speakers – Myth and Reality(PDF), p. 15
^Tadmor, Uri (2013). "On the Origin of the Betawi and their Language" (PDF). ISMIL 17 conference talk.
^. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
Bibliographyedit
Ikranagara, Kay (1975). Melayu Betawi grammar (Ph. D. thesis). University of Hawaii at Manoa. hdl:10125/11720.
External linksedit
Documentation of Betawi
Betawi edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
January 01, 1970
betawi, language, other, uses, betawi, disambiguation, betawi, also, known, betawi, malay, jakartan, malay, batavian, malay, spoken, language, betawi, people, jakarta, indonesia, native, language, perhaps, million, people, precise, number, difficult, determine. For other uses see Betawi disambiguation Betawi also known as Betawi Malay Jakartan Malay or Batavian Malay is the spoken language of the Betawi people in Jakarta Indonesia It is the native language of perhaps 5 million people a precise number is difficult to determine due to the vague use of the name Betawibase Betawi basa BetawiNative toIndonesia AustraliaRegionJakartaWest JavaBantenCocos Keeling IslandsEthnicityBetawi Mardijker Benteng Chinese Cocos MalaysNative speakers5 million 2000 census 1 Language familyMalay based creole BetawiDialectsBekasi Cikarang Depok Parung Serpong TangerangLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code bew class extiw title iso639 3 bew bew a Glottologbeta1252 Betawi Malay is a popular informal language in contemporary Indonesia used as the base of Indonesian slang and commonly spoken in Jakarta TV soap operas and some animated cartoons e g Adit Sopo Jarwo 2 The name Betawi stems from Batavia the official name of Jakarta during the era of the Dutch East Indies Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian a vernacular form of Indonesian that has spread from Jakarta into large areas of Java and replaced existing Malay dialects has its roots in Betawi Malay According to Uri Tadmor there is no clear border distinguishing Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian from Betawi Malay 3 Contents 1 Background 2 Dialects 3 Sample 3 1 English 3 2 Malay 3 3 Betawi 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Bibliography 6 External linksBackground edit nbsp Distribution map of languages spoken in Java Madura and Bali Betawi language spoken in and around modern Jakarta blue is traditionally registered as Malay The origin of Betawi is of debate to linguists many consider it to be a Malay dialect descended from Proto Malayic while others consider it to have developed as a creole It is believed that descendants of Chinese men and Balinese women in Batavia converted to Islam and spoke a pidgin that was later creolized and then decreolized incorporating many elements from Sundanese and Javanese Uri Tadmor 2013 4 Betawi has large amounts of Hokkien Chinese Arabic Portuguese and Dutch loanwords It replaced the earlier Portuguese creole of Batavia Mardijker The first person pronoun gua I or me and second person pronoun lu you and numerals such as cepek a hundred gopek five hundred and seceng a thousand are from Hokkien whereas the words ane I or me and ente you are derived from Arabic Cocos Malay spoken in the Cocos Keeling Islands Australia and Sabah Malaysia is believed to have derived from an earlier form of Betawi Malay Dialects edit nbsp Suburban Betawi dialect used at St Servatius Church Betawian Malay is divided into two main dialects Middle Betawi dialect Originally spoken within Jakarta with a greater use of e e g ada becomes ade Suburban Betawi dialect Originally spoken in suburban Jakarta Tangerang in Banten Depok Bogor and Bekasi in West Java It has a greater use of extended a e g ada pronounced adah Another Suburban Betawi variant is called Betawi Ora which was highly influenced by Sundanese Betawi is still spoken by the older generation in some locations on the outskirts of Jakarta such as Kampung Melayu Pasar Rebo Pondok Gede Ulujami and Jagakarsa 5 There is a significant Chinese community which lives around Tangerang called Cina Benteng who have stopped speaking Chinese and now speak Betawian Malay with noticeable influence of Chinese mostly Hokkien loanwords Examples ane formal aye middle sayah suburban gua informal I ente formal lu informal or intimate you iye strong e not schwa like Johor and Riau accent iyah yes kaga ora udik variant no Encing mo pegi ke mane Where will you go uncle Dagangan aye udeh beres dah My stuff has been sold out The ending of every Betawi word that ends with an a is pronounced e like in the English word net The e is pronounced in a way different from the way Johor and Riau Malays pronounce it Sample edit nbsp Mark 1 9 11 in Middle Betawi dialect source source A sample of a man speaking in Middle Betawi dialect English edit All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood Malay edit Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak hak Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan Betawi edit Semue orang ntu dilahirin bebas ame punye martabat dan hak hak yang same Mereka ntu dikasih akal ame ati nurani dan kudu bergaul satu ame lainnye dalem semangat persaudaraan See also editCocos MalayReferences edit Betawi at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Bowden John Towards an account of information structure in Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Structure of Austronesian Languages 10 April 2014 Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa Tokyo University of Foreign Studies p 194 Kozok Uli 2016 Indonesian Native Speakers Myth and Reality PDF p 15 Tadmor Uri 2013 On the Origin of the Betawi and their Language PDF ISMIL 17 conference talk Documentation of Betawi Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Archived from the original on 2013 12 03 Retrieved 2021 02 06 Bibliography edit Ikranagara Kay 1975 Melayu Betawi grammar Ph D thesis University of Hawaii at Manoa hdl 10125 11720 External links editDocumentation of Betawi nbsp Betawi edition of Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Betawi language amp oldid 1220580285, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
