Barium oxide, also known as baria, is a white hygroscopic non-flammable compound with the formula BaO. It has a cubic structure and is used in cathode ray tubes, crown glass, and catalysts. It is harmful to human skin and if swallowed in large quantity causes irritation. Excessive quantities of barium oxide may lead to death.
It is also a source of pure oxygen through heat fluctuation. It readily oxidises to BaO2 by formation of a peroxideion. The complete peroxidation of BaO to BaO2 occurs at moderate temperatures but the increased entropy of the O2 molecule at high temperatures means that BaO2 decomposes to O2 and BaO at 1175K.[4] The reaction was used as a large scale method to produce oxygen before air separation became the dominant method in the beginning of the 20th century. The method was named the Brin process, after its inventors.[5]
Preparationedit
Barium oxide is made by heating barium carbonate at temperatures of 1000–1450 °C. It may also be prepared by thermal decomposition of barium nitrate.[6] Likewise, it is often formed through the decomposition of other barium salts.[7]
2 Ba + O2 → 2 BaO
BaCO3 → BaO + CO2
Safety issuesedit
Barium oxide is an irritant. If it contacts the skin or the eyes or is inhaled it causes pain and redness. However, it is more dangerous when ingested. It can cause nausea and diarrhea, muscle paralysis, cardiac arrhythmia, and can cause death. If ingested, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Barium oxide should not be released environmentally; it is harmful to aquatic organisms.[8]
See alsoedit
Barium – chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
Referencesedit
^ abZumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN978-0-618-94690-7.
^Nield, Gerald; Washecheck, Paul; Yang, Kang (1980-07-01). "United States Patent 4210764". Retrieved 2007-02-20.
^S.C. Middleburgh; K.P.D. Lagerlof; R.W. Grimes (2012-09-29). "Accommodation of Excess Oxygen in Group II Oxides". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
^Jensen, William B. (2009). "The Origin of the Brin Process for the Manufacture of Oxygen". Journal of Chemical Education. 86 (11): 1266. Bibcode:2009JChEd..86.1266J. doi:10.1021/ed086p1266.
^Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN0-07-049439-8
^"Compounds of barium: barium (II) oxide". Web Elements. The University of Sheffield. 2007-01-26. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
^"Barium Oxide (ICSC)". IPCS. October 1999. from the original on 26 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-19.
External linksedit
International Chemical Safety Card 0778
December 14, 2023
barium, oxide, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, disambiguation, also, known, baria, white, hygroscopic, flammable, compound, with, formula, cubic, structure, used, cathode, tubes, crown, glass, catalysts, harmful, human, skin, swallowed, large, qu. BaO redirects here For other uses see BAO disambiguation and Bao disambiguation Barium oxide also known as baria is a white hygroscopic non flammable compound with the formula BaO It has a cubic structure and is used in cathode ray tubes crown glass and catalysts It is harmful to human skin and if swallowed in large quantity causes irritation Excessive quantities of barium oxide may lead to death Barium oxide NamesOther names Neutral barium oxide 1 1 Barium protoxideCalcined barytaBariaIdentifiersCAS Number 1304 28 5 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 56180 YECHA InfoCard 100 013 753EC Number 215 127 9PubChem CID 62392RTECS number CQ9800000UNII 77603K202B YUN number 1884CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID20893234InChI InChI 1S Ba O YKey QVQLCTNNEUAWMS UHFFFAOYSA N YInChI 1 Ba O rBaO c1 2Key QVQLCTNNEUAWMS FXUTYLCTABSMILES Ba OPropertiesChemical formula Ba OMolar mass 153 326 g molAppearance white solidDensity 5 72 g cm3 solidMelting point 1 923 C 3 493 F 2 196 K Boiling point 2 000 C 3 630 F 2 270 K Solubility in water 3 48 g 100 mL 20 C 90 8 g 100 mL 100 C Reacts to form Ba OH 2Solubility soluble in ethanol dilute mineral acids and alkalies insoluble in acetone and liquid ammoniaMagnetic susceptibility x 29 1 10 6 cm3 molStructureCrystal structure cubic cF8Space group Fm3m No 225Coordination geometry OctahedralThermochemistryHeat capacity C 47 7 J K molStd molarentropy S 298 70 J mol 1 K 1 1 Std enthalpy offormation DfH 298 582 kJ mol 1 1 HazardsGHS labelling PictogramsSignal word DangerHazard statements H301 H302 H314 H315 H332 H412Precautionary statements P210 P220 P221 P260 P261 P264 P270 P271 P273 P280 P283 P301 P310 P301 P312 P301 P330 P331 P302 P352 P303 P361 P353 P304 P312 P304 P340 P305 P351 P338 P306 P360 P310 P312 P321 P330 P332 P313 P362 P363 P370 P378 P371 P380 P375 P405 P501NFPA 704 fire diamond 300Flash point Non flammableRelated compoundsOther anions Barium hydroxideBarium peroxideOther cations Beryllium oxideMagnesium oxideCalcium oxideStrontium oxideSupplementary data pageBarium oxide data page Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references It is prepared by heating barium carbonate with coke carbon black or tar or by thermal decomposition of barium nitrate citation needed Contents 1 Uses 2 Preparation 3 Safety issues 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksUses editBarium oxide is used as a coating for hot cathodes for example those in cathode ray tubes It replaced lead II oxide in the production of certain kinds of glass such as optical crown glass While lead oxide raised the refractive index it also raised the dispersive power which barium oxide does not alter 2 Barium oxide also has use as an ethoxylation catalyst in the reaction of ethylene oxide and alcohols which takes place between 150 and 200 C 3 It is also a source of pure oxygen through heat fluctuation It readily oxidises to BaO2 by formation of a peroxide ion The complete peroxidation of BaO to BaO2 occurs at moderate temperatures but the increased entropy of the O2 molecule at high temperatures means that BaO2 decomposes to O2 and BaO at 1175K 4 The reaction was used as a large scale method to produce oxygen before air separation became the dominant method in the beginning of the 20th century The method was named the Brin process after its inventors 5 Preparation editBarium oxide is made by heating barium carbonate at temperatures of 1000 1450 C It may also be prepared by thermal decomposition of barium nitrate 6 Likewise it is often formed through the decomposition of other barium salts 7 2 Ba O2 2 BaO BaCO3 BaO CO2Safety issues editBarium oxide is an irritant If it contacts the skin or the eyes or is inhaled it causes pain and redness However it is more dangerous when ingested It can cause nausea and diarrhea muscle paralysis cardiac arrhythmia and can cause death If ingested medical attention should be sought immediately Barium oxide should not be released environmentally it is harmful to aquatic organisms 8 See also editBarium chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallbackReferences edit a b Zumdahl Steven S 2009 Chemical Principles 6th Ed Houghton Mifflin Company ISBN 978 0 618 94690 7 Barium Oxide chemical compound Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica 2007 Retrieved 2007 02 19 Nield Gerald Washecheck Paul Yang Kang 1980 07 01 United States Patent 4210764 Retrieved 2007 02 20 S C Middleburgh K P D Lagerlof R W Grimes 2012 09 29 Accommodation of Excess Oxygen in Group II Oxides Journal of the American Ceramic Society Retrieved 2022 03 27 Jensen William B 2009 The Origin of the Brin Process for the Manufacture of Oxygen Journal of Chemical Education 86 11 1266 Bibcode 2009JChEd 86 1266J doi 10 1021 ed086p1266 Pradyot Patnaik Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals McGraw Hill 2002 ISBN 0 07 049439 8 Compounds of barium barium II oxide Web Elements The University of Sheffield 2007 01 26 Retrieved 2007 02 22 Barium Oxide ICSC IPCS October 1999 Archived from the original on 26 February 2007 Retrieved 2007 02 19 External links editInternational Chemical Safety Card 0778 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Barium oxide amp oldid 1188760249, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
