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Common barbel

December 03, 2023

The common barbel (Barbus barbus) is a species of freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. It shares the common name 'barbel' with its many relatives in the genus Barbus, of which it is the type species. In Great Britain it is usually referred to simply as the barbel; similar names are used elsewhere in Europe, such as barbeau in France and flodbarb in Sweden.[2] The name derives from the four whiskerlike structures located at the corners of the fish's mouth, which it uses to locate food.

Common barbel
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Barbinae
Genus: Barbus
Species:
B. barbus
Binomial name
Barbus barbus
Synonyms

Distribution and habitat edit

B. barbus is native throughout northern and eastern Europe, ranging north and east from the Pyrénées and Alps to Lithuania, Russia and the northern Black Sea basin.[3] It is an adaptable fish which transplants well between waterways, and has become established as an introduced species in several countries including Scotland,[4] Morocco and Italy.[5] Although barbel are native to eastern flowing rivers in England, they have historically been translocated to western flowing rivers, such as the River Severn.[6] Its favoured habitats are the so-called barbel zones in fast-flowing rivers with gravel or stone bottoms, although it regularly occurs in slower rivers and has been successfully stocked in still waters.[7]

Barbel are very abundant in some rivers, often seen in large shoals on rivers such as the Wye.[8] Izaak Walton reported that there were once so many barbel in the Danube that they could be caught by hand, 'eight or ten load at a time' .[9]

Ecology edit

 
Juvenile barbel

Adult B. barbus specimens can reach 1.2 m (4 ft) in length and 12 kg (26 lb) in weight, although it is typically found at smaller sizes (50–100 cm length, weight 1–3 kg).[10] Adult barbel can live to over 20 years of age.[11] Their sloping foreheads, flattened undersides, slender bodies and horizontally oriented pectoral fins are all adaptations for their life in swift, deep rivers, helping to keep them close to the riverbed in very strong flows. Juvenile fish are usually grey and mottled in appearance; adults are typically dark brown, bronze or grey in colour with a pale underside, with distinctively reddish or orange-tinged fins. The lobes of the tail are asymmetrical, the lower lobe being rounded and slightly shorter than the pointed upper lobe.

Barbel are active fish and often travel long distances in quite short time periods. Individuals can move between 16 and 68 km in a year, with mean (average) daily movement between 26 and 139m.[12] Adults commonly feed at night, although they may feed during the daytime in the safety of deeper water or near bankside cover and underwater obstructions.[13] Their underslung mouths make them especially well adapted for feeding on benthic organisms, including crustaceans, insect larvae and mollusks, which they root out from the gravel and stones of the riverbed. Barbel diets change as the fish develop from fry to juveniles and then to adults.[14] Diatoms that cover rocks and the larvae of non-biting midges (Chironomidae) are particularly important foods for young fish.[15]

Breeding edit

Males become mature after three to four years, females after five to eight years. Spawning occurs between May and late June on most rivers, when groups of males assemble in shallow water in pursuit of mates. Upstream migration to reach spawning grounds typically occurs between March and May, depending on water temperature.[12] Females produce between 8,000 and 12,000 eggs per kilogram of body weight, which are fertilised by males as they are released and deposited in shallow excavations in the gravel of the riverbed. Barbel bury their eggs below the gravel, creating redd-like pit and tailspill structures.[16] High amounts of fine sediment can be detrimental to the eggs and larvae of barbel, with emergence being delayed when sand content was above 30%.[17] Barbel can spawn multiple times in captivity[18] and there is also evidence for multiple spawning either of individuals or across the population, in wild rivers.[19]

Parasites edit

Parasites of B. barbus include Aspidogaster limacoides, a trematode flatworm;[20] Eustrongylides sp., a nematode; and Pomphorhynchus laevis, an acanthocephalan worm.[21][22]

As food edit

The Barbel is a swete fysshe, but it is a quasy meete and perilous for mannys body[23]

Many authors have noted the highly toxic nature of barbel roe when eaten by humans, including Dame Juliana Berners and Charles David Badham.[24][25] Badham relates the experience of Italian physician Antonio Gazius, who, he says, "took two boluses, and thus describes his sensations: 'At first I felt no inconvenience, but some hours having elapsed, I began to be disagreeably affected, and as my stomach swelled, and could not be brought down again by anise or carminatives, I was soon in a state of great depression and distress.' His countenance was pallid, like a man in a swoon, deadly coldness ensued, violent cholera and vomiting came after until the roe was passed, and then he became all right."

Despite the risks associated with eating barbel roe, several notable cookery authors have included recipes for barbel in their books. Mrs Beeton, for example, writes that they are in season in the winter months, and suggests simmering them with port and herbs.[26]

Recreational importance edit

 
A specimen barbel from the River Wye, England.

The common barbel is a popular sport fish throughout its range, long prized by anglers for its power and stamina. Izaak Walton noted that "he will often break both rod and line if he proves to be a big one ... the Barbel affords an angler choice sport, being a lusty and a cunning fish; so lusty and cunning as to endanger the breaking of the angler's line, by running his head forcibly towards any covert, or hole, or bank, and then striking at the line, to break it off, with his tail".[9]

Barbel fishing is especially popular in the UK, where it reaches a weight of over 9 kg (20 lb).[27] A fish of more than 4.5 kg (10 lb) is considered to be of specimen size. Famous UK barbel rivers include the Hampshire Avon, Dorset Stour, Trent, Kennet, Wye, Severn, and Great Ouse. Several angling societies exist in the UK which specifically promote the pursuit and conservation of the species, including the Barbel Society and the Barbel Catchers Club. Barbel conservation is important, for although populations appear robust in some larger river systems, localised populations can be vulnerable to environmental factors. For example, the relatively small River Wensum in the county of Norfolk was of national importance to barbel anglers from the 1970s until the early 2000s, at one time producing the British record fish. But in recent years the reintroduction of otters in the river catchment (together with siltation of spawning gravels) has had a devastating effect on the barbel population as they are easy to catch in the shallow, clear river. Now only a fragmented population remains, and barbel may be on their way to local extinction.[28]

Baits for catching barbel vary widely according to local practices and conditions. In the UK, popular baits include tinned luncheon meat, fishmeal-based pellets, hemp seed, maggots, and boilies. In areas with high angling activity fishmeal-based pellets could constitute up to 71% of the barbel diet.[29] In France, many anglers still use natural baits, especially caddis larvae, which they collect from the stones and gravel near the fish's feeding areas.[30]

References edit

  1. ^ Freyhof, J (2016) [errata version of 2011 assessment]. "Barbus barbus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T2561A97789324. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T2561A9454585.en. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  2. ^ "Common Names List - Barbus barbus". www.fishbase.de. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Barbus barbus" in FishBase. March 2006 version.
  4. ^ "Barbel Barbus Barbus". Scottish Federation for Coarse Angling. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  5. ^ "Introductions of Barbus barbus". Fishbase.org. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  6. ^ Antognazza, Caterina Maria; Andreou, Demetra; Zaccara, Serena; Britton, Robert J. (March 2016). "Loss of genetic integrity and biological invasions result from stocking and introductions of Barbus barbus: insights from rivers in England". Ecology and Evolution. 6 (5): 1280–1292. doi:10.1002/ece3.1906. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 4729780. PMID 26843923.
  7. ^ . Match Fishing Magazine. 24 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  8. ^ . Wye & Usk Foundation. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  9. ^ a b Izaak Walton (1869). A. Murray (ed.). The Compleat Angler. F. Warne. pp. 86–87.
  10. ^ "Barbel". Environment Agency archive. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  11. ^ Amat Trigo, F.; et al. (2017). "Spatial variability in the growth of invasive European barbel Barbus barbus in the River Severn basin, revealed using anglers as citizen scientists" (PDF). Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 418: 6.
  12. ^ a b Gutmann Roberts, Catherine; Hindes, Andrew M.; Britton, J. Robert (2019-01-03). "Factors influencing individual movements and behaviours of invasive European barbel Barbus barbus in a regulated river". Hydrobiologia. 830: 213–228. doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3864-9. ISSN 1573-5117.
  13. ^ Alwyne C. Wheeler (1969). The Fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Macmillan. ISBN 9780333059555.
  14. ^ Gutmann Roberts, Catherine; Britton, J. Robert (2018-09-01). "Trophic interactions in a lowland river fish community invaded by European barbel Barbus barbus (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae)". Hydrobiologia. 819 (1): 259–273. doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3644-6. ISSN 1573-5117.
  15. ^ Gutmann Roberts, Catherine; Britton, J. Robert (2018). "Quantifying trophic interactions and niche sizes of juvenile fishes in an invaded riverine cyprinid fish community" (PDF). Ecology of Freshwater Fish. 27 (4): 976–987. doi:10.1111/eff.12408. ISSN 1600-0633. S2CID 90720417.
  16. ^ Roberts, Catherine Gutmann; Bašić, Tea; Britton, J. Robert; Rice, Stephen; Pledger, Andrew G. (2020). "Quantifying the habitat and zoogeomorphic capabilities of spawning European barbel Barbus barbus, a lithophilous cyprinid". River Research and Applications. 36 (2): 259–279. doi:10.1002/rra.3573. ISSN 1535-1467.
  17. ^ Bašić, Tea; Britton, J. Robert; Rice, Stephen P.; Pledger, Andrew G. (2019). "Does sand content in spawning substrate result in early larval emergence? Evidence from a lithophilic cyprinid fish". Ecology of Freshwater Fish. 28 (1): 110–122. doi:10.1111/eff.12435. ISSN 1600-0633. S2CID 91480192.
  18. ^ Poncin, P. (1992). "Influence of the daily distribution of light on reproduction in the barbel, Barbus barbus (L.)". Journal of Fish Biology. 41 (6): 993–997. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02726.x. ISSN 1095-8649.
  19. ^ Gutmann Roberts, Catherine; Britton, J. Robert (2020-11-01). "Spawning strategies in cypriniform fishes in a lowland river invaded by non-indigenous European barbel Barbus barbus". Hydrobiologia. 847 (19): 4031–4047. doi:10.1007/s10750-020-04394-9. ISSN 1573-5117.
  20. ^ Schludermann C., Laimgruber S., Konecny R. & Schabuss M. (2005). "Aspidogaster limacoides DIESING, 1835 (Trematoda, Aspidogastridae): A new parasite of Barbus barbus (L.) (Pisces, Cyprinidae) in Austria". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 106B: 141-144
  21. ^ Nachev, Milen; Jochmann, Maik A.; Walter, Friederike; Wolbert, J. Benjamin; Schulte, S. Marcel; Schmidt, Torsten C.; Sures, Bernd (2017-02-17). "Understanding trophic interactions in host-parasite associations using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen". Parasites & Vectors. 10 (1): 90. doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2030-y. ISSN 1756-3305. PMC 5316170. PMID 28212669.
  22. ^ Djikanovic; Gacic & Cakic (2010). "Endohelminth fauna of barbel Barbus barbus in the Serbian section of the Danube River" (PDF). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists. 30 (6): 229–236. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  23. ^ A Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle (1496) Dame Juliana Berners
  24. ^ David Badham (1854). Prose Halieutics: Or, Ancient and Modern Fish Tattle. J. W. Parker and son. p. 81. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  25. ^ John Harrington Keene (1881). The Practical Fisherman: Dealing with the Natural History, the Legendary Lore, the Capture of British Freshwater Fish, and Tackle and Tackle Making. Bazaar Office. pp. 80–81. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  26. ^ Mrs. Beeton (Isabella Mary) (1861). The Book of Household Management. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. p. 229. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  27. ^ "Britain's biggest barbel fish, the Big Lady, killed by otter". The Telegraph. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  28. ^ "Could otters kill the next record barbel?". Angling Times. Bauer Media Group. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  29. ^ Gutmann Roberts, Catherine; Bašić, Tea; Trigo, Fatima Amat; Britton, J. Robert (2017). "Trophic consequences for riverine cyprinid fishes of angler subsidies based on marine-derived nutrients" (PDF). Freshwater Biology. 62 (5): 894–905. doi:10.1111/fwb.12910. ISSN 1365-2427. S2CID 90349366.
  30. ^ John Bailey (24 April 2000). "French Barbel". Fishing.co.uk. Retrieved 5 October 2015.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barbus barbus.
  • UK Barbel Society website
  • UK Barbel Catchers Club website
  • Photos from Fishbase

December 03, 2023
common, barbel, common, barbel, barbus, barbus, species, freshwater, fish, belonging, family, cyprinidae, shares, common, name, barbel, with, many, relatives, genus, barbus, which, type, species, great, britain, usually, referred, simply, barbel, similar, name. The common barbel Barbus barbus is a species of freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae It shares the common name barbel with its many relatives in the genus Barbus of which it is the type species In Great Britain it is usually referred to simply as the barbel similar names are used elsewhere in Europe such as barbeau in France and flodbarb in Sweden 2 The name derives from the four whiskerlike structures located at the corners of the fish s mouth which it uses to locate food Common barbelConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder CypriniformesFamily CyprinidaeSubfamily BarbinaeGenus BarbusSpecies B barbusBinomial nameBarbus barbus Linnaeus 1758 SynonymsCyprinus barbus Linnaeus 1758 Barbus vulgaris Fleming 1828 Barbus fluviatilis Fitzinger 1832 Barbus communis Perty 1832 Barbus mayori Valenciennes 1842 Barbus microphthalmus Bonaparte 1846 Contents 1 Distribution and habitat 2 Ecology 2 1 Breeding 2 2 Parasites 3 As food 4 Recreational importance 5 References 6 External linksDistribution and habitat editB barbus is native throughout northern and eastern Europe ranging north and east from the Pyrenees and Alps to Lithuania Russia and the northern Black Sea basin 3 It is an adaptable fish which transplants well between waterways and has become established as an introduced species in several countries including Scotland 4 Morocco and Italy 5 Although barbel are native to eastern flowing rivers in England they have historically been translocated to western flowing rivers such as the River Severn 6 Its favoured habitats are the so called barbel zones in fast flowing rivers with gravel or stone bottoms although it regularly occurs in slower rivers and has been successfully stocked in still waters 7 Barbel are very abundant in some rivers often seen in large shoals on rivers such as the Wye 8 Izaak Walton reported that there were once so many barbel in the Danube that they could be caught by hand eight or ten load at a time 9 Ecology edit nbsp Juvenile barbelAdult B barbus specimens can reach 1 2 m 4 ft in length and 12 kg 26 lb in weight although it is typically found at smaller sizes 50 100 cm length weight 1 3 kg 10 Adult barbel can live to over 20 years of age 11 Their sloping foreheads flattened undersides slender bodies and horizontally oriented pectoral fins are all adaptations for their life in swift deep rivers helping to keep them close to the riverbed in very strong flows Juvenile fish are usually grey and mottled in appearance adults are typically dark brown bronze or grey in colour with a pale underside with distinctively reddish or orange tinged fins The lobes of the tail are asymmetrical the lower lobe being rounded and slightly shorter than the pointed upper lobe Barbel are active fish and often travel long distances in quite short time periods Individuals can move between 16 and 68 km in a year with mean average daily movement between 26 and 139m 12 Adults commonly feed at night although they may feed during the daytime in the safety of deeper water or near bankside cover and underwater obstructions 13 Their underslung mouths make them especially well adapted for feeding on benthic organisms including crustaceans insect larvae and mollusks which they root out from the gravel and stones of the riverbed Barbel diets change as the fish develop from fry to juveniles and then to adults 14 Diatoms that cover rocks and the larvae of non biting midges Chironomidae are particularly important foods for young fish 15 Breeding edit Males become mature after three to four years females after five to eight years Spawning occurs between May and late June on most rivers when groups of males assemble in shallow water in pursuit of mates Upstream migration to reach spawning grounds typically occurs between March and May depending on water temperature 12 Females produce between 8 000 and 12 000 eggs per kilogram of body weight which are fertilised by males as they are released and deposited in shallow excavations in the gravel of the riverbed Barbel bury their eggs below the gravel creating redd like pit and tailspill structures 16 High amounts of fine sediment can be detrimental to the eggs and larvae of barbel with emergence being delayed when sand content was above 30 17 Barbel can spawn multiple times in captivity 18 and there is also evidence for multiple spawning either of individuals or across the population in wild rivers 19 Parasites edit Parasites of B barbus include Aspidogaster limacoides a trematode flatworm 20 Eustrongylides sp a nematode and Pomphorhynchus laevis an acanthocephalan worm 21 22 As food editThe Barbel is a swete fysshe but it is a quasy meete and perilous for mannys body 23 Many authors have noted the highly toxic nature of barbel roe when eaten by humans including Dame Juliana Berners and Charles David Badham 24 25 Badham relates the experience of Italian physician Antonio Gazius who he says took two boluses and thus describes his sensations At first I felt no inconvenience but some hours having elapsed I began to be disagreeably affected and as my stomach swelled and could not be brought down again by anise or carminatives I was soon in a state of great depression and distress His countenance was pallid like a man in a swoon deadly coldness ensued violent cholera and vomiting came after until the roe was passed and then he became all right Despite the risks associated with eating barbel roe several notable cookery authors have included recipes for barbel in their books Mrs Beeton for example writes that they are in season in the winter months and suggests simmering them with port and herbs 26 Recreational importance edit nbsp A specimen barbel from the River Wye England The common barbel is a popular sport fish throughout its range long prized by anglers for its power and stamina Izaak Walton noted that he will often break both rod and line if he proves to be a big one the Barbel affords an angler choice sport being a lusty and a cunning fish so lusty and cunning as to endanger the breaking of the angler s line by running his head forcibly towards any covert or hole or bank and then striking at the line to break it off with his tail 9 Barbel fishing is especially popular in the UK where it reaches a weight of over 9 kg 20 lb 27 A fish of more than 4 5 kg 10 lb is considered to be of specimen size Famous UK barbel rivers include the Hampshire Avon Dorset Stour Trent Kennet Wye Severn and Great Ouse Several angling societies exist in the UK which specifically promote the pursuit and conservation of the species including the Barbel Society and the Barbel Catchers Club Barbel conservation is important for although populations appear robust in some larger river systems localised populations can be vulnerable to environmental factors For example the relatively small River Wensum in the county of Norfolk was of national importance to barbel anglers from the 1970s until the early 2000s at one time producing the British record fish But in recent years the reintroduction of otters in the river catchment together with siltation of spawning gravels has had a devastating effect on the barbel population as they are easy to catch in the shallow clear river Now only a fragmented population remains and barbel may be on their way to local extinction 28 Baits for catching barbel vary widely according to local practices and conditions In the UK popular baits include tinned luncheon meat fishmeal based pellets hemp seed maggots and boilies In areas with high angling activity fishmeal based pellets could constitute up to 71 of the barbel diet 29 In France many anglers still use natural baits especially caddis larvae which they collect from the stones and gravel near the fish s feeding areas 30 References edit Freyhof J 2016 errata version of 2011 assessment Barbus barbus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 e T2561A97789324 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2011 1 RLTS T2561A9454585 en Retrieved 6 December 2022 Common Names List Barbus barbus www fishbase de Retrieved 2019 01 24 Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2006 Barbus barbus in FishBase March 2006 version Barbel Barbus Barbus Scottish Federation for Coarse Angling Retrieved 27 August 2017 Introductions of Barbus barbus Fishbase org Retrieved 1 October 2015 Antognazza Caterina Maria Andreou Demetra Zaccara Serena Britton Robert J March 2016 Loss of genetic integrity and biological invasions result from stocking and introductions of Barbus barbus insights from rivers in England Ecology and Evolution 6 5 1280 1292 doi 10 1002 ece3 1906 ISSN 2045 7758 PMC 4729780 PMID 26843923 Stillwater Barbel Thrive Match Fishing Magazine 24 November 2011 Archived from the original on 2 October 2015 Retrieved 1 October 2015 Other Fish Species Wye amp Usk Foundation Archived from the original on 3 October 2015 Retrieved 2 October 2015 a b Izaak Walton 1869 A Murray ed The Compleat Angler F Warne pp 86 87 Barbel Environment Agency archive Archived from the original on 28 March 2014 Retrieved 2 October 2015 Amat Trigo F et al 2017 Spatial variability in the growth of invasive European barbel Barbus barbus in the River Severn basin revealed using anglers as citizen scientists PDF Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 418 6 a b Gutmann Roberts Catherine Hindes Andrew M Britton J Robert 2019 01 03 Factors influencing individual movements and behaviours of invasive European barbel Barbus barbus in a regulated river Hydrobiologia 830 213 228 doi 10 1007 s10750 018 3864 9 ISSN 1573 5117 Alwyne C Wheeler 1969 The Fishes of the British Isles and North West Europe Macmillan ISBN 9780333059555 Gutmann Roberts Catherine Britton J Robert 2018 09 01 Trophic interactions in a lowland river fish community invaded by European barbel Barbus barbus Actinopterygii Cyprinidae Hydrobiologia 819 1 259 273 doi 10 1007 s10750 018 3644 6 ISSN 1573 5117 Gutmann Roberts Catherine Britton J Robert 2018 Quantifying trophic interactions and niche sizes of juvenile fishes in an invaded riverine cyprinid fish community PDF Ecology of Freshwater Fish 27 4 976 987 doi 10 1111 eff 12408 ISSN 1600 0633 S2CID 90720417 Roberts Catherine Gutmann Basic Tea Britton J Robert Rice Stephen Pledger Andrew G 2020 Quantifying the habitat and zoogeomorphic capabilities of spawning European barbel Barbus barbus a lithophilous cyprinid River Research and Applications 36 2 259 279 doi 10 1002 rra 3573 ISSN 1535 1467 Basic Tea Britton J Robert Rice Stephen P Pledger Andrew G 2019 Does sand content in spawning substrate result in early larval emergence Evidence from a lithophilic cyprinid fish Ecology of Freshwater Fish 28 1 110 122 doi 10 1111 eff 12435 ISSN 1600 0633 S2CID 91480192 Poncin P 1992 Influence of the daily distribution of light on reproduction in the barbel Barbus barbus L Journal of Fish Biology 41 6 993 997 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 1992 tb02726 x ISSN 1095 8649 Gutmann Roberts Catherine Britton J Robert 2020 11 01 Spawning strategies in cypriniform fishes in a lowland river invaded by non indigenous European barbel Barbus barbus Hydrobiologia 847 19 4031 4047 doi 10 1007 s10750 020 04394 9 ISSN 1573 5117 Schludermann C Laimgruber S Konecny R amp Schabuss M 2005 Aspidogaster limacoides DIESING 1835 Trematoda Aspidogastridae A new parasite of Barbus barbus L Pisces Cyprinidae in Austria Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 106B 141 144 Nachev Milen Jochmann Maik A Walter Friederike Wolbert J Benjamin Schulte S Marcel Schmidt Torsten C Sures Bernd 2017 02 17 Understanding trophic interactions in host parasite associations using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen Parasites amp Vectors 10 1 90 doi 10 1186 s13071 017 2030 y ISSN 1756 3305 PMC 5316170 PMID 28212669 Djikanovic Gacic amp Cakic 2010 Endohelminth fauna of barbel Barbus barbus in the Serbian section of the Danube River PDF Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 30 6 229 236 Retrieved 1 October 2015 A Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle 1496 Dame Juliana Berners David Badham 1854 Prose Halieutics Or Ancient and Modern Fish Tattle J W Parker and son p 81 Retrieved 12 November 2015 John Harrington Keene 1881 The Practical Fisherman Dealing with the Natural History the Legendary Lore the Capture of British Freshwater Fish and Tackle and Tackle Making Bazaar Office pp 80 81 Retrieved 12 November 2015 Mrs Beeton Isabella Mary 1861 The Book of Household Management Farrar Straus and Giroux p 229 Retrieved 13 November 2015 Britain s biggest barbel fish the Big Lady killed by otter The Telegraph 30 July 2015 Retrieved 1 October 2015 Could otters kill the next record barbel Angling Times Bauer Media Group Retrieved 5 August 2020 Gutmann Roberts Catherine Basic Tea Trigo Fatima Amat Britton J Robert 2017 Trophic consequences for riverine cyprinid fishes of angler subsidies based on marine derived nutrients PDF Freshwater Biology 62 5 894 905 doi 10 1111 fwb 12910 ISSN 1365 2427 S2CID 90349366 John Bailey 24 April 2000 French Barbel Fishing co uk Retrieved 5 October 2015 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barbus barbus UK Barbel Society website UK Barbel Catchers Club website Photos from Fishbase Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Common barbel amp oldid 1188133418, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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