Koi carp have two pairs of barbels, the second pair being quite small.This Asian arowana has large, protruding barbels
The word "barbel" comes from the Middle Latinbarbula, for "little beard."[1] Barbels are sometimes erroneously referred to as barbs, which are found in bird feathers for flight.
Barbels may be located in a variety of locations on the head of a fish. "Maxillary barbels" refers to barbels on either side of the mouth. Barbels may also be nasal, extending from the nostrils. Also, barbels are often mandibular or mental, being located on the chin.
In fish, barbels can take the form of small, fleshy protrusions or long, cylindrical shaped extensions of the head of a fish. The cylindrical barbel shapes are built on an internal support system that can be made from ossified tissue or from cartilaginous connective tissue that provides a base for blood vessels and myelinated nerves to wrap around, held together in the dermis.[2] Muscle tissue in the central region of the barbel allows the structure limited movement that aids in prey manipulation. On the epidermis, taste buds are situated on dermal papillae, small ridges of folded skin that increase the surface area of the skin and the total number of taste buds that can be concentrated on the barbel.[2] Concentrations of taste buds vary from species to species, with bullhead catfish having 25 buds in a square millimeter of barbel skin.[3]
Barbels begin to develop during the embryonic, larval, or juvenile life stages of most of the species in which they are present. Development regulation of barbels has been linked to the C-C motif ligand 33 of the chemokine family of genes, due to its presence in barbeled catfish and zebrafish and absence or difference in expression in barbel-less members of the same families.[4] This class of genes are signalling genes that provide migrating cells directional information during morphogenesis.
FunctionEdit
In most fish species, barbels are used to aid in the acquisition of food in bodies of water that have low visibility due to low light conditions or murky waters. The taste receptors are able to detect enzymes in the water and help the fish identify if it is from a possible food source or possible sources of danger.[3] The abyssal zone scavengers Coryphaenoides armatus possess one small mandible barbel that they use to search the seafloor for carrion to eat.[5]
Freckled Goatfish, Upeneus tragula, develop barbels as a response to food availability.[6] When starved of food for two days under laboratory conditions, U. tragula develop large barbels compared to those developed by those who were fed consistently. The large barbels help the organism capture prey and compete against other individuals. However, individuals that developed large barbels also experienced a decreased growth rate.
In the species Triportheus signatus, individuals have been found to develop barbels late in life as a response to low dissolved oxygen in pools left after flood waters recede following the rainy season.[7] These structures are more vascularized than barbels of other fish species to help gas exchange in low oxygen conditions and direct more water flow over the gills.
^ abFox, Harold (May 1999). "Barbels and barbel-like tentacular structures in sub-mammalian vertebrates: a review". Hydrobiologia. 403: 153–193. doi:10.1023/A:1003778125517. S2CID 45206327.
^ abvon der Emde, Gerhard; Mogdans, Joachim; Kapoor, B. G., eds. (2004). The Senses of Fish. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1060-3. ISBN978-94-010-3779-2. S2CID 36978815.
^Zhou, Tao; Li, Ning; Jin, Yulin; Zeng, Qifan; Prabowo, Wendy; Liu, Yang; Tian, Changxu; Bao, Lisui; Liu, Shikai; Yuan, Zihao; Fu, Qiang (2018-05-29). "Chemokine C-C motif ligand 33 is a key regulator of teleost fish barbel development". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (22): E5018–E5027. doi:10.1073/pnas.1718603115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC5984497. PMID 29760055.
^Bailey, David M.; Wagner, Hans-Joachim; Jamieson, Alan J.; Ross, Murray F.; Priede, Imants G. (January 2007). "A taste of the deep-sea: The roles of gustatory and tactile searching behaviour in the grenadier fish Coryphaenoides armatus" (PDF). Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 54 (1): 99–108. Bibcode:2007DSRI...54...99B. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2006.10.005. ISSN 0967-0637.
^McCormick, Mark I. (July 1993). "Development and changes at settlement in the barbel structure of the reef fish, Upeneus tragula (Mullidae)". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 37 (3): 269–282. doi:10.1007/bf00004634. ISSN 0378-1909. S2CID 34037401.
^de Freitas Barros Neto, Luciano; Frigo, Rafael Gomes; Gavilan, Simone Almeida; de Moura, Sérgio Adriane Bezerra; Lima, Sergio Maia Queiroz (2019-12-01). "Barbel development associated to aquatic surface respiration in Triportheus signatus (Characiformes: Triportheidae) from the semiarid Caatinga rivers". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 103 (1): 89–98. doi:10.1007/s10641-019-00935-x. ISSN 0378-1909. S2CID 208496992.
ReferencesEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barbel (anatomy).
Adriaens, D. and Verraes, W. (1997). Ontogeny of the maxillary barbel muscles in Clarias gariepinus (Siluroidei: Clariidae), with some notes on the palatine-maxillary mechanism. Journal of Zoology (London) 241, 117–133.
Bailey, D.M. , Wagner, H.J., Jamieson, A.J., Ross, M.F. and Priede, I.G. (2007) A taste of the deep-sea: The roles of gustatory and tactile searching behaviour in the grenadier fish Coryphaenoides armatus. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 54(1), pp. 99–108. (doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2006.10.005)
de Freitas Barros Neto, L., Frigo, R. G., Gavilan, S. A., de Moura, S. A. B., & Lima, S. M. Q. (2020). Barbel development associated to aquatic surface respiration in Triportheus signatus (Characiformes: Triportheidae) from the semiarid Caatinga rivers. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 103(1), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-019-00935-x
Eakin, R. R., Eastman, J. T. and Vacchi, M. (2006). Sexual dimorphism and mental barbel structure in the South Georgia plunderfish Artedidraco mirus (Perciformes : Notothenioidei : Artedidraconidae). Polar Biology 30, 45–52.
Fadaee, B., Pourkazemi, M., Tavakoli, M., Joushideh, H., Khoshghalb, M. R. B., Hosseini, M. R. and Abdulhay, H. (2006). Tagging and tracking juvenile sturgeons in shallow waters of the Caspian Sea (less than 10 m depth) using CWT (Coded Wire Tags) and barbel incision. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22, 160–165.
Fox, H. (1999). Barbels and barbel-like tentacular structures in sub-mammalian vertebrates: A review. Hydrobiologia 403, 153–193.
Grover-Johnson, N. and Farbman, A. (1976). Fine structure of taste buds in the barbel of the catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Cell Tissue Res 169, 395–403.
Hawkins, M. B. (n.d.). The development and evolutionary origin of barbels in the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae). 48.
Joyce, E. C. and Chapman, G. B. (1978). Fine structure of the nasal barbel of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of Morphology 158, 109–153.
Kapoor, B. G., Evans, H. E., & Pevzner, E. A. (1976). The Gustatory System in Fish. In Advances in Marine Biology (Vol. 13, pp. 53–108). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60280-1
LeClair, E.E. and Topczewski, J. (2010). Development and regeneration of the zebrafish maxillary barbel: a novel study system for vertebrate tissue growth and repair. PLoS One 5, e8737.
McCormick, M. I. (1993). Development and changes at settlement in the barbel structure of the reef fish, Upeneus tragula (Mullidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 37(3), 269–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0000463
Ogawa, K., Marui, T. and Caprio, J. (1997). Bimodal (taste/tactile) fibers innervate the maxillary barbel in the channel catfish. Chem Senses 22, 477–82.
Zhou, T., Li, N., Jin, Y., Zeng, Q., Prabowo, W., Liu, Y., Tian, C., Bao, L., Liu, S., Yuan, Z., Fu, Q., Gao, S., Gao, D., Dunham, R., Shubin, N. H., & Liu, Z. (2018). Chemokine C-C motif ligand 33 is a key regulator of teleost fish barbel development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(22), E5018–E5027. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718603115
October 15, 2023
barbel, anatomy, fishes, barbel, fish, species, fish, anatomy, turtle, anatomy, barbel, slender, whiskerlike, sensory, organ, near, mouth, fish, that, have, barbels, include, catfish, carp, goatfish, hagfish, sturgeon, zebrafish, black, dragonfish, some, speci. For the fishes see Barbel fish species In fish anatomy and turtle anatomy a barbel is a slender whiskerlike sensory organ near the mouth Fish that have barbels include the catfish the carp the goatfish the hagfish the sturgeon the zebrafish the black dragonfish and some species of shark such as the sawshark Barbels house the taste buds of such fish and are used to search for food in murky water Koi carp have two pairs of barbels the second pair being quite small This Asian arowana has large protruding barbelsThe word barbel comes from the Middle Latin barbula for little beard 1 Barbels are sometimes erroneously referred to as barbs which are found in bird feathers for flight Barbels may be located in a variety of locations on the head of a fish Maxillary barbels refers to barbels on either side of the mouth Barbels may also be nasal extending from the nostrils Also barbels are often mandibular or mental being located on the chin In fish barbels can take the form of small fleshy protrusions or long cylindrical shaped extensions of the head of a fish The cylindrical barbel shapes are built on an internal support system that can be made from ossified tissue or from cartilaginous connective tissue that provides a base for blood vessels and myelinated nerves to wrap around held together in the dermis 2 Muscle tissue in the central region of the barbel allows the structure limited movement that aids in prey manipulation On the epidermis taste buds are situated on dermal papillae small ridges of folded skin that increase the surface area of the skin and the total number of taste buds that can be concentrated on the barbel 2 Concentrations of taste buds vary from species to species with bullhead catfish having 25 buds in a square millimeter of barbel skin 3 Barbels begin to develop during the embryonic larval or juvenile life stages of most of the species in which they are present Development regulation of barbels has been linked to the C C motif ligand 33 of the chemokine family of genes due to its presence in barbeled catfish and zebrafish and absence or difference in expression in barbel less members of the same families 4 This class of genes are signalling genes that provide migrating cells directional information during morphogenesis Function EditIn most fish species barbels are used to aid in the acquisition of food in bodies of water that have low visibility due to low light conditions or murky waters The taste receptors are able to detect enzymes in the water and help the fish identify if it is from a possible food source or possible sources of danger 3 The abyssal zone scavengers Coryphaenoides armatus possess one small mandible barbel that they use to search the seafloor for carrion to eat 5 Freckled Goatfish Upeneus tragula develop barbels as a response to food availability 6 When starved of food for two days under laboratory conditions U tragula develop large barbels compared to those developed by those who were fed consistently The large barbels help the organism capture prey and compete against other individuals However individuals that developed large barbels also experienced a decreased growth rate In the species Triportheus signatus individuals have been found to develop barbels late in life as a response to low dissolved oxygen in pools left after flood waters recede following the rainy season 7 These structures are more vascularized than barbels of other fish species to help gas exchange in low oxygen conditions and direct more water flow over the gills Notes Edit barbel American Heritage Dictionary Retrieved 9 April 2018 a b Fox Harold May 1999 Barbels and barbel like tentacular structures in sub mammalian vertebrates a review Hydrobiologia 403 153 193 doi 10 1023 A 1003778125517 S2CID 45206327 a b von der Emde Gerhard Mogdans Joachim Kapoor B G eds 2004 The Senses of Fish doi 10 1007 978 94 007 1060 3 ISBN 978 94 010 3779 2 S2CID 36978815 Zhou Tao Li Ning Jin Yulin Zeng Qifan Prabowo Wendy Liu Yang Tian Changxu Bao Lisui Liu Shikai Yuan Zihao Fu Qiang 2018 05 29 Chemokine C C motif ligand 33 is a key regulator of teleost fish barbel development Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 22 E5018 E5027 doi 10 1073 pnas 1718603115 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 5984497 PMID 29760055 Bailey David M Wagner Hans Joachim Jamieson Alan J Ross Murray F Priede Imants G January 2007 A taste of the deep sea The roles of gustatory and tactile searching behaviour in the grenadier fish Coryphaenoides armatus PDF Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers 54 1 99 108 Bibcode 2007DSRI 54 99B doi 10 1016 j dsr 2006 10 005 ISSN 0967 0637 McCormick Mark I July 1993 Development and changes at settlement in the barbel structure of the reef fish Upeneus tragula Mullidae Environmental Biology of Fishes 37 3 269 282 doi 10 1007 bf00004634 ISSN 0378 1909 S2CID 34037401 de Freitas Barros Neto Luciano Frigo Rafael Gomes Gavilan Simone Almeida de Moura Sergio Adriane Bezerra Lima Sergio Maia Queiroz 2019 12 01 Barbel development associated to aquatic surface respiration in Triportheus signatus Characiformes Triportheidae from the semiarid Caatinga rivers Environmental Biology of Fishes 103 1 89 98 doi 10 1007 s10641 019 00935 x ISSN 0378 1909 S2CID 208496992 References Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barbel anatomy Adriaens D and Verraes W 1997 Ontogeny of the maxillary barbel muscles in Clarias gariepinus Siluroidei Clariidae with some notes on the palatine maxillary mechanism Journal of Zoology London 241 117 133 Bailey D M Wagner H J Jamieson A J Ross M F and Priede I G 2007 A taste of the deep sea The roles of gustatory and tactile searching behaviour in the grenadier fish Coryphaenoides armatus Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers 54 1 pp 99 108 doi 10 1016 j dsr 2006 10 005 de Freitas Barros Neto L Frigo R G Gavilan S A de Moura S A B amp Lima S M Q 2020 Barbel development associated to aquatic surface respiration in Triportheus signatus Characiformes Triportheidae from the semiarid Caatinga rivers Environmental Biology of Fishes 103 1 89 98 https doi org 10 1007 s10641 019 00935 x Eakin R R Eastman J T and Vacchi M 2006 Sexual dimorphism and mental barbel structure in the South Georgia plunderfish Artedidraco mirus Perciformes Notothenioidei Artedidraconidae Polar Biology 30 45 52 Fadaee B Pourkazemi M Tavakoli M Joushideh H Khoshghalb M R B Hosseini M R and Abdulhay H 2006 Tagging and tracking juvenile sturgeons in shallow waters of the Caspian Sea less than 10 m depth using CWT Coded Wire Tags and barbel incision Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22 160 165 Fox H 1999 Barbels and barbel like tentacular structures in sub mammalian vertebrates A review Hydrobiologia 403 153 193 Grover Johnson N and Farbman A 1976 Fine structure of taste buds in the barbel of the catfish Ictalurus punctatus Cell Tissue Res 169 395 403 Hawkins M B n d The development and evolutionary origin of barbels in the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Siluriformes Ictaluridae 48 Joyce E C and Chapman G B 1978 Fine structure of the nasal barbel of the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Journal of Morphology 158 109 153 Kapoor B G Evans H E amp Pevzner E A 1976 The Gustatory System in Fish In Advances in Marine Biology Vol 13 pp 53 108 Elsevier https doi org 10 1016 S0065 2881 08 60280 1 LeClair E E and Topczewski J 2009 Methods for the study of the zebrafish maxillary barbel J Vis Exp http www jove com video 1558 methods for the study of the zebrafish maxillary barbel id 1558 doi 10 3791 1558 LeClair E E and Topczewski J 2010 Development and regeneration of the zebrafish maxillary barbel a novel study system for vertebrate tissue growth and repair PLoS One 5 e8737 McCormick M I 1993 Development and changes at settlement in the barbel structure of the reef fish Upeneus tragula Mullidae Environmental Biology of Fishes 37 3 269 282 https doi org 10 1007 BF0000463 Ogawa K Marui T and Caprio J 1997 Bimodal taste tactile fibers innervate the maxillary barbel in the channel catfish Chem Senses 22 477 82 von der Emde G Mogdans J amp Kapoor B G Eds 2004 The Senses of Fish Springer Netherlands https doi org 10 1007 978 94 007 1060 3 Zhou T Li N Jin Y Zeng Q Prabowo W Liu Y Tian C Bao L Liu S Yuan Z Fu Q Gao S Gao D Dunham R Shubin N H amp Liu Z 2018 Chemokine C C motif ligand 33 is a key regulator of teleost fish barbel development Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 22 E5018 E5027 https doi org 10 1073 pnas 1718603115 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Barbel anatomy amp oldid 1132266005, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
