Baltic Romani is group of dialects of the Romani language spoken in the Baltic states and adjoining regions of Poland and Russia. Half of the speakers live in Poland. It also called Balt Romani, Balt Slavic Romani, Baltic Slavic Romani, and Roma. Romani began as an Indo-European language, which morphed into an Indo-Iranian language, and then into an Indo-Aryan language. After that the Romani language broke down into Balkan Romani and Central Romani. Baltic Romani came from the Central Romani dialect which branches off into other dialects. There are a total of around 35,000 users in all countries.
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan Central Zone, Romani, Central Romani
History
The first speakers of this language settled in southeast Europe during the 10th and 13th centuries in high numbers. From the 14th century onward, the language spread to central and western Europe as well. The immigrants that spoke this language had a darker complexion and many of these speakers were referred to as gypsies. The country of origin for this language turned out to be India after comparisons between other languages showed the similarity.[2]
Geographic distribution
This language is spoken in the following countries;[3]
Poland : Population 13,600
Belarus : Population 12,000
Estonia : Population 360 : Ethnic Population 460
Latvia : Population 8,000
Lithuania : Population 1350
Russian Federation
Official status
This language is not an official language in any particular country but has other statuses in those which it is spoken.[3]
Poland : 5 developing language. This is a recognized language in Poland.
North Russian Romani (Xaladitka) in Baltic Russia and Belarus, spoken by the Ruska Roma
Belarusian Romani or Belarus–Lithuanian Romani[4](Belarusko, Belaruskone-Litouskonengiro rakireben[5]) in Belarus,[6] spoken by the Belaruska Roma and Litovska Roma.
There are three simple stop positions in the Romani language. These come from the Indo-Aryan and are maintained in every dialect of this language. The positions are as follows; labial /p/, dental /t/, and velar /k/. Along with these stop positions, there are also palatal positions which are unique to the Romani language.[7] Specific voicing alterations have changed grammatical endings and different dialects have different ways of interpreting vowels. Some have morphed into newer versions of the Romani language and others have implemented other elements like screams.[8]
Grammar
In the Romani language, the noun changes the endings of sentences to show meaning. It is used to illustrate how that specific word acts in sentence and is similar to Latin.[9] Romani verbs are similar to those in the Italian, Spanish, and Latin languages. Depending on who is committing the action, the verb ending changes. There are many different verb endings in Romani which change the meaning of words. There are also different verb endings according to past and present tense in the language.[10] The language also has grammatical genders as there are both masculine and feminine words. There are definite articles in this language along with, "different articles for masculine and feminine nouns, for subject and non-subject and for singular and plural articles".[11]
Morphology
The language began as an Indo-European language morphed into an Indo-Iranian language. From there it morphed into an Indo-Aryan language which eventually led to Romani. After that the Romani language broke down into Balkan Romani and Central Romani. Baltic Romani came from the Central Romani dialect which branches off to the many other dialects listed above.
Syntax
Baltic languages, such as Baltic Romani, have unique rules that their numerals follow when they are written. Their numerals govern their nominals but not to the degree that Slavic languages do.[12] Baltic genitives mark partial objects and sometimes subjects and also play a prominent role in the syntax of numeral constructions. Baltic languages are very similar as both Latvian and Latvian Romani share the same opposition of preverbs and verb particles.[13]
Vocabulary
There is a large Indo-Aryan presence in this language that appears mainly in reference to body parts and functions.[14] Along with bodily parts and functions, the Indo-Aryan presence also resides in words that reference time, nature, landscape, numerals, animals, and plants.[15] There is a pre-European lexicon that is mixed in this language that mainly refers to spiritual and religious ideas, tools, and artefacts.[15] Dwellings and Places are not represented the best in the inherited lexicon of this language.[16]
Examples
Using the word "sap" which means snake in Baltic Romani and is also a noun, the sentence it is used in will change as the noun does.
"Sap" (snake, subject of sentence) A snake is on the branch.[9]
"Sapes" (snake, object of a sentence) I saw a snake.[9]
^Matras, Yaron (2002-06-06). Romani: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 49. ISBN9781139433242.
^Matras, Yaron (2002-06-06). Romani: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN9781139433242.
^ abcdBakker, Peter; Kiuchukov, Khristo (2000). What is the Romani Language?. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. p. 33.
^Bakker, Peter; Kiuchukov, Khristo (2000). What is the Romani Language?. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. pp. 33, 34.
^Bakker, Peter; Kiuchukov, Khristo (2000). What is the Romani Language?. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. p. 35.
^Dahl, Östen; Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria (2001-12-31). Circum-Baltic Languages: Volume 2: Grammar and Typology. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 342, 343. ISBN9789027297273.
^Dahl, Östen; Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria (2001-12-31). Circum-Baltic Languages: Volume 2: Grammar and Typology. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 437. ISBN9789027297273.
^Matras, Yaron (2002-06-06). Romani: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN9781139433242.
^ abMatras, Yaron (2002-06-06). Romani: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 28. ISBN9781139433242.
^Matras, Yaron (2002-06-06). Romani: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. pp. 28., 29. ISBN9781139433242.
Bibliography
Bakker, P., & Ki︠u︡chukov, K. (2000). What is the Romani language? (Vol. 21). Univ of Hertfordshire Press
External links
Baltic Romani test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
"Romani, Baltic". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
"Did you know Baltic Romani is vulnerable?". Endangered Languages. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
"Glottolog 3.1 - Baltic Romani". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
"OLAC resources in and about the Baltic Romani language". Language-archives.org. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
March 12, 2023
baltic, romani, confused, with, baltic, languages, group, dialects, romani, language, spoken, baltic, states, adjoining, regions, poland, russia, half, speakers, live, poland, also, called, balt, romani, balt, slavic, romani, baltic, slavic, romani, roma, roma. Not to be confused with Baltic languages Baltic Romani is group of dialects of the Romani language spoken in the Baltic states and adjoining regions of Poland and Russia Half of the speakers live in Poland It also called Balt Romani Balt Slavic Romani Baltic Slavic Romani and Roma Romani began as an Indo European language which morphed into an Indo Iranian language and then into an Indo Aryan language After that the Romani language broke down into Balkan Romani and Central Romani Baltic Romani came from the Central Romani dialect which branches off into other dialects There are a total of around 35 000 users in all countries Baltic RomaniNative toPoland Lithuania Latvia Belarus Russia Estonia Finland UkraineNative speakers46 000 including 14 000 in Poland and 10 000 in Finland 2001 2013 1 Language familyIndo European Indo IranianIndo AryanCentral ZoneRomaniNorthern RomaniBaltic RomaniLanguage codesISO 639 3Either a href https iso639 3 sil org code rml class extiw title iso639 3 rml rml a Baltic Romani a href https iso639 3 sil org code rmf class extiw title iso639 3 rmf rmf a Finnish KaloGlottologbalt1257 Baltic Romanikalo1256 Finnish KaloELPBaltic Romani Contents 1 Classification 2 History 3 Geographic distribution 3 1 Official status 3 2 Dialects and varieties 4 Phonology 5 Grammar 6 Vocabulary 7 Examples 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 External linksClassification EditIndo European Indo Iranian Indo Aryan Central Zone Romani Central RomaniHistory EditThe first speakers of this language settled in southeast Europe during the 10th and 13th centuries in high numbers From the 14th century onward the language spread to central and western Europe as well The immigrants that spoke this language had a darker complexion and many of these speakers were referred to as gypsies The country of origin for this language turned out to be India after comparisons between other languages showed the similarity 2 Geographic distribution EditThis language is spoken in the following countries 3 Poland Population 13 600 Belarus Population 12 000 Estonia Population 360 Ethnic Population 460 Latvia Population 8 000 Lithuania Population 1350 Russian FederationOfficial status Edit This language is not an official language in any particular country but has other statuses in those which it is spoken 3 Poland 5 developing language This is a recognized language in Poland Belarus 5 developing language Estonia 5 developing language Latvia 5 developing language Lithuania 5 developing language Russian Federation 5 developing languageDialects and varieties Edit Dialects are as follows CL stands for the main contact language Cuxny Romani in Estonia CL Estonian Russian Finnish Romani Fintika Romma Finnish Kalo CL Finnish Latvian Romani Lotfika in Latvia Estonia and Russia Lithuanian Romani in Lithuania and Belarus North Russian Romani Xaladitka in Baltic Russia and Belarus spoken by the Ruska Roma Belarusian Romani or Belarus Lithuanian Romani 4 Belarusko Belaruskone Litouskonengiro rakireben 5 in Belarus 6 spoken by the Belaruska Roma and Litovska Roma Polska Romani in Poland CL Polish Phonology EditThere are three simple stop positions in the Romani language These come from the Indo Aryan and are maintained in every dialect of this language The positions are as follows labial p dental t and velar k Along with these stop positions there are also palatal positions which are unique to the Romani language 7 Specific voicing alterations have changed grammatical endings and different dialects have different ways of interpreting vowels Some have morphed into newer versions of the Romani language and others have implemented other elements like screams 8 Grammar EditIn the Romani language the noun changes the endings of sentences to show meaning It is used to illustrate how that specific word acts in sentence and is similar to Latin 9 Romani verbs are similar to those in the Italian Spanish and Latin languages Depending on who is committing the action the verb ending changes There are many different verb endings in Romani which change the meaning of words There are also different verb endings according to past and present tense in the language 10 The language also has grammatical genders as there are both masculine and feminine words There are definite articles in this language along with different articles for masculine and feminine nouns for subject and non subject and for singular and plural articles 11 MorphologyThe language began as an Indo European language morphed into an Indo Iranian language From there it morphed into an Indo Aryan language which eventually led to Romani After that the Romani language broke down into Balkan Romani and Central Romani Baltic Romani came from the Central Romani dialect which branches off to the many other dialects listed above SyntaxBaltic languages such as Baltic Romani have unique rules that their numerals follow when they are written Their numerals govern their nominals but not to the degree that Slavic languages do 12 Baltic genitives mark partial objects and sometimes subjects and also play a prominent role in the syntax of numeral constructions Baltic languages are very similar as both Latvian and Latvian Romani share the same opposition of preverbs and verb particles 13 Vocabulary EditThere is a large Indo Aryan presence in this language that appears mainly in reference to body parts and functions 14 Along with bodily parts and functions the Indo Aryan presence also resides in words that reference time nature landscape numerals animals and plants 15 There is a pre European lexicon that is mixed in this language that mainly refers to spiritual and religious ideas tools and artefacts 15 Dwellings and Places are not represented the best in the inherited lexicon of this language 16 Examples EditUsing the word sap which means snake in Baltic Romani and is also a noun the sentence it is used in will change as the noun does Sap snake subject of sentence A snake is on the branch 9 Sapes snake object of a sentence I saw a snake 9 Sapeske for a snake 9 References Edit Baltic Romani at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 Finnish Kalo at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 Bakker Peter Kiuchukov Khristo 2000 What is the Romani Language Univ of Hertfordshire Press p 49 a b Romani Baltic Ethnologue Retrieved 2017 05 05 Kalinin V I 2019 Uchenye zapiski VGU imeni P M Masherova cbornik nauchnyh trudov Vitebsk p 152 Biblii a Pe Baltiko Romani chib Romanes Valʹdemar Kalinin Biel 2014 ISBN 978 2 940059 20 1 OCLC 1062281925 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Biblii a Pe Baltiko Romani chib Romanes Valʹdemar Kalinin Biel 2014 ISBN 978 2 940059 20 1 OCLC 1062281925 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Matras Yaron 2002 06 06 Romani A Linguistic Introduction Cambridge University Press p 49 ISBN 9781139433242 Matras Yaron 2002 06 06 Romani A Linguistic Introduction Cambridge University Press p 56 ISBN 9781139433242 a b c d Bakker Peter Kiuchukov Khristo 2000 What is the Romani Language Univ of Hertfordshire Press p 33 Bakker Peter Kiuchukov Khristo 2000 What is the Romani Language Univ of Hertfordshire Press pp 33 34 Bakker Peter Kiuchukov Khristo 2000 What is the Romani Language Univ of Hertfordshire Press p 35 Dahl Osten Koptjevskaja Tamm Maria 2001 12 31 Circum Baltic Languages Volume 2 Grammar and Typology John Benjamins Publishing pp 342 343 ISBN 9789027297273 Dahl Osten Koptjevskaja Tamm Maria 2001 12 31 Circum Baltic Languages Volume 2 Grammar and Typology John Benjamins Publishing p 437 ISBN 9789027297273 Matras Yaron 2002 06 06 Romani A Linguistic Introduction Cambridge University Press p 27 ISBN 9781139433242 a b Matras Yaron 2002 06 06 Romani A Linguistic Introduction Cambridge University Press p 28 ISBN 9781139433242 Matras Yaron 2002 06 06 Romani A Linguistic Introduction Cambridge University Press pp 28 29 ISBN 9781139433242 Bibliography EditBakker P amp Ki u chukov K 2000 What is the Romani language Vol 21 Univ of Hertfordshire PressExternal links Edit Baltic Romani test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Romani Baltic Ethnologue com Retrieved 28 December 2017 Did you know Baltic Romani is vulnerable Endangered Languages Retrieved 28 December 2017 Glottolog 3 1 Baltic Romani Glottolog org Retrieved 28 December 2017 OLAC resources in and about the Baltic Romani language Language archives org Retrieved 28 December 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baltic Romani amp oldid 1129100800, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
