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Bakhchysarai

January 07, 2023

Bakhchysarai (Crimean Tatar: Bağçasaray; Russian: Бахчисара́й; Ukrainian: Бахчисара́й; Turkish: Bahçesaray) is a town in Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed[2] by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. It is the administrative center of the Bakhchysarai Raion (district), as well as the former capital of the Crimean Khanate. Its main landmark is Hansaray, the only extant palace of the Crimean Khans, currently open to tourists as a museum. Population: 27,448 (2014 Census).[3]

Bakhchysarai
Bağçasaray
Бахчисарай
City
The Palace of the Crimean Khans in the Bakhchysarai Palace complex
Coat of arms
Bakhchysarai
Location of Bakhchysarai on a map of Crimea.
Coordinates: 44°45′10″N 33°51′39″E / 44.75278°N 33.86083°E / 44.75278; 33.86083Coordinates: 44°45′10″N 33°51′39″E / 44.75278°N 33.86083°E / 44.75278; 33.86083
CountryDisputed:
Autonomous Republic Crimea
DistrictBakhchysarai Raion
Founded1532[1]
Founded bySahib I Giray
Elevation
300 m (1,000 ft)
Population
 • Total27,448
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK)
Postal code
298400 — 298408
Area code+7-36554
ClimateCfa
The Bakhchysarai Palace in Bakhchysarai

Geography

Bakhchysarai lies in a narrow valley of the Çürük Suv [uk] river, about 30 Kilometers south-west of Simferopol.

History

 
The city in 1856, by Carlo Bossoli.

The earliest known artifacts of human provenance found in the valley date from the Mesolithic period. Settlements have existed in the valley since Late Antiquity. The founding of Bakhchysarai was preceded by the Qırq Yer fortress (modern Çufut Qale), Salaçıq, and Eski Yurt — these have become incorporated into the urban area of modern Bakhchysarai.

Bakhchysarai first appears in historical documents in 1502. In 1532 Sahib I Giray, the Khan of Crimea from 1532 to 1551, established his residence there. From that time it served as the capital of the Crimean Khanate and the center of political and cultural life of the Crimean Tatar people. In 1736 the town was burned during the Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739). Following the annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire in 1783, Bakhchysarai became an ordinary town, having lost administrative significance. However, it remained the cultural center of the Crimean Tatars for several decades afterward, fostered by Ismail Gaspirali (1851-1914) who founded the local newspaper Tercüman in 1883.

During the Crimean War of 1853–56, Bakhchysarai essentially became a hospital town as wounded Russian soldiers from the battlefield were brought in to be treated. The Battle of the Alma, one of the earliest battles of the war, took place not far from the city in 1854. But although the city was close to the front line, the Turks and their European allies never took it, as the port city of Sevastopol was their primary wartime objective.

With the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917 and the unification of several socialist republics that had been part of the Russian Empire, Bakhchysarai became part of the Soviet Union (established 30 December 1922) in 1922.

The Sürgün, the deportation of the Crimean Tatars by the Soviets during the Second World War, took place on 18 May 1944 in Bakhchysarai. The expulsion was prompted by accusations[by whom?] that the Tatars had collaborated with the Axis occupiers (1941-1944). Although deportation of some Tatars in Crimea had begun as early as 1860, during the era of the Russian Empire, the Sürgün delivered the final blow, as the city was rendered empty of Crimean Tatars. They were not to return to the city until 1989, when Soviet policies relaxed.

Bakhchysarai became a part of newly independent Ukraine in 1991. However, it became a de facto part of the Russian Federation when Russian Armed Forces invaded and annexed the city and the whole of Crimea in 2014.

Name and associations

Spellings of the town's name in different languages include:

The name comes from Persian باغچه سرای bāghche-sarāy, which means the Garden Palace. In Crimean Tatar, bağça means "garden" and saray means "palace".

Russian-speakers associate the town with the Romantic connotations of Alexander Pushkin's poem The Fountain of Bakhchysarai (1822). Adam Mickiewicz devoted some of the finest poems in his Polish-language Crimean Sonnets (1825) to the landmarks of Bakhchysarai (Polish: Bakczysaraj).

An asteroid, 3242 Bakhchisaraj, discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1979, takes its name after the town.[4]

Attractions

Famous attractions within or near Bakhchysarai are:

There is a network of well marked hiking trails around the town. All the main attractions are connected with red-marked trail.

Since 2011 thanks to the support of the Czech Government and USAID the Tourist information centre has been working.

Demographics

Historical Populations
YearPop.±%
193010,450—    
193910,891+4.2%
198925,363+132.9%
200626,400+4.1%
201126,215−0.7%
Source:

In 1930 the population of the city was 10,450. The ethnic groups represented were 7,420 Crimean Tatars, 1,850 Russians, 315 Jews, 205 Greeks, 185 Ukrainians, 50 Germans, 30 Armenians, 30 Bulgarians, and 365 others.

Gallery

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Education

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Twin towns – Sister cities

Bakhchysarai is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2012-12-11.
  2. ^ "European Council Conclusions as of 20 March 2015" (PDF).
  3. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2014). "Таблица 1.3. Численность населения Крымского федерального округа, городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений" [Table 1.3. Population of Crimean Federal District, Its Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, Urban and Rural Settlements]. Федеральное статистическое наблюдение «Перепись населения в Крымском федеральном округе». ("Population Census in Crimean Federal District" Federal Statistical Examination) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  4. ^ Dictionary of Minor Planet Names - p.269
  5. ^ . Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkez. Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Archived from the original on 2016-05-23. Retrieved 2013-07-27.

External links

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bakhchysarai.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bakhchysarai.
 
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Bakhchi-sarai".
  • (in English, Ukrainian, and Russian)
  • History and monuments of Bakhchisaray (in Russian)
  • The murder of the Jews of Bakhchysarai during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.

January 07, 2023
bakhchysarai, crimean, tatar, bağçasaray, russian, Бахчисара, ukrainian, Бахчисара, turkish, bahçesaray, town, crimea, territory, recognized, majority, countries, part, ukraine, annexed, russia, republic, crimea, administrative, center, raion, district, well, . Bakhchysarai Crimean Tatar Bagcasaray Russian Bahchisara j Ukrainian Bahchisara j Turkish Bahcesaray is a town in Crimea a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed 2 by Russia as the Republic of Crimea It is the administrative center of the Bakhchysarai Raion district as well as the former capital of the Crimean Khanate Its main landmark is Hansaray the only extant palace of the Crimean Khans currently open to tourists as a museum Population 27 448 2014 Census 3 Bakhchysarai BagcasarayBahchisarajCityThe Palace of the Crimean Khans in the Bakhchysarai Palace complexCoat of armsBakhchysaraiLocation of Bakhchysarai on a map of Crimea Coordinates 44 45 10 N 33 51 39 E 44 75278 N 33 86083 E 44 75278 33 86083 Coordinates 44 45 10 N 33 51 39 E 44 75278 N 33 86083 E 44 75278 33 86083CountryDisputed Ukraine de jure Russia de facto Autonomous Republic CrimeaDistrictBakhchysarai RaionFounded1532 1 Founded bySahib I GirayElevation300 m 1 000 ft Population Total27 448Time zoneUTC 3 MSK Postal code298400 298408Area code 7 36554ClimateCfaThe Bakhchysarai Palace in Bakhchysarai Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Name and associations 4 Attractions 5 Demographics 6 Gallery 7 Education 8 International relations 8 1 Twin towns Sister cities 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksGeography EditBakhchysarai lies in a narrow valley of the Curuk Suv uk river about 30 Kilometers south west of Simferopol History EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message The city in 1856 by Carlo Bossoli The earliest known artifacts of human provenance found in the valley date from the Mesolithic period Settlements have existed in the valley since Late Antiquity The founding of Bakhchysarai was preceded by the Qirq Yer fortress modern Cufut Qale Salaciq and Eski Yurt these have become incorporated into the urban area of modern Bakhchysarai Bakhchysarai first appears in historical documents in 1502 In 1532 Sahib I Giray the Khan of Crimea from 1532 to 1551 established his residence there From that time it served as the capital of the Crimean Khanate and the center of political and cultural life of the Crimean Tatar people In 1736 the town was burned during the Russo Turkish War 1735 1739 Following the annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire in 1783 Bakhchysarai became an ordinary town having lost administrative significance However it remained the cultural center of the Crimean Tatars for several decades afterward fostered by Ismail Gaspirali 1851 1914 who founded the local newspaper Tercuman in 1883 During the Crimean War of 1853 56 Bakhchysarai essentially became a hospital town as wounded Russian soldiers from the battlefield were brought in to be treated The Battle of the Alma one of the earliest battles of the war took place not far from the city in 1854 But although the city was close to the front line the Turks and their European allies never took it as the port city of Sevastopol was their primary wartime objective With the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917 and the unification of several socialist republics that had been part of the Russian Empire Bakhchysarai became part of the Soviet Union established 30 December 1922 in 1922 The Surgun the deportation of the Crimean Tatars by the Soviets during the Second World War took place on 18 May 1944 in Bakhchysarai The expulsion was prompted by accusations by whom that the Tatars had collaborated with the Axis occupiers 1941 1944 Although deportation of some Tatars in Crimea had begun as early as 1860 during the era of the Russian Empire the Surgun delivered the final blow as the city was rendered empty of Crimean Tatars They were not to return to the city until 1989 when Soviet policies relaxed Bakhchysarai became a part of newly independent Ukraine in 1991 However it became a de facto part of the Russian Federation when Russian Armed Forces invaded and annexed the city and the whole of Crimea in 2014 Name and associations EditSpellings of the town s name in different languages include original Crimean Tatar Bagcasaray Turkish Bahcesaray Russian Bahchisaraj Bakhchisaray Ukrainian Bahchisaraj BakhchysaraiThe name comes from Persian باغچه سرای baghche saray which means the Garden Palace In Crimean Tatar bagca means garden and saray means palace Russian speakers associate the town with the Romantic connotations of Alexander Pushkin s poem The Fountain of Bakhchysarai 1822 Adam Mickiewicz devoted some of the finest poems in his Polish language Crimean Sonnets 1825 to the landmarks of Bakhchysarai Polish Bakczysaraj An asteroid 3242 Bakhchisaraj discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1979 takes its name after the town 4 Attractions EditFamous attractions within or near Bakhchysarai are Eski Yurt Chufut Kale Khan s Palace Orta Juma Jami Tahtali Jami Mosque Uspensky Cave Monastery Zincirli MadrasaThere is a network of well marked hiking trails around the town All the main attractions are connected with red marked trail Since 2011 thanks to the support of the Czech Government and USAID the Tourist information centre has been working Demographics EditHistorical PopulationsYearPop 193010 450 193910 891 4 2 198925 363 132 9 200626 400 4 1 201126 215 0 7 Source In 1930 the population of the city was 10 450 The ethnic groups represented were 7 420 Crimean Tatars 1 850 Russians 315 Jews 205 Greeks 185 Ukrainians 50 Germans 30 Armenians 30 Bulgarians and 365 others Gallery Edit Education EditCollege of Construction Architecture and Design Branch Crimean Federal UniversityInternational relations EditSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine Twin towns Sister cities Edit Bakhchysarai is twinned with Bursa Turkey 5 See also EditBakhchysarai PalaceReferences Edit Bakhchisaray Bakhchisaray Khan Palace Archived from the original on 2012 10 29 Retrieved 2012 12 11 European Council Conclusions as of 20 March 2015 PDF Russian Federal State Statistics Service 2014 Tablica 1 3 Chislennost naseleniya Krymskogo federalnogo okruga gorodskih okrugov municipalnyh rajonov gorodskih i selskih poselenij Table 1 3 Population of Crimean Federal District Its Urban Okrugs Municipal Districts Urban and Rural Settlements Federalnoe statisticheskoe nablyudenie Perepis naseleniya v Krymskom federalnom okruge Population Census in Crimean Federal District Federal Statistical Examination in Russian Federal State Statistics Service Retrieved January 4 2016 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names p 269 Kardes Sehirler Bursa Buyuksehir Belediyesi Basin Koordinasyon Merkez Tum Haklari Saklidir Archived from the original on 2016 05 23 Retrieved 2013 07 27 External links Edit Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bakhchysarai Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bakhchysarai Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Bakhchi sarai Official site of the Palace in English Ukrainian and Russian History and monuments of Bakhchisaray in Russian The murder of the Jews of Bakhchysarai during World War II at Yad Vashem website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bakhchysarai amp oldid 1113904883, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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