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Baháʼí Faith in Poland

April 14, 2024

The history of the Baháʼí Faith in Poland begins in the 1870s when Polish writer Walerian Jablonowski[1] wrote several articles covering the religion's early history in Persia.[2][3] There was a Polish-language translation of Paris Talks published in 1915.[1] After becoming a Baháʼí in 1925,[4] Poland's Lidia Zamenhof returned to Poland in 1938 as its first well-known Baháʼí. During the period of the Warsaw Pact, Poland adopted the Soviet policy of oppression of religion, so Poland's Baháʼí community, strictly adhering to its principle of obedience to legal government, abandoned its administration and properties.[5] An analysis of publications before and during this period found that coverage by Soviet-based sources was basically hostile to the Baháʼí Faith while native Polish coverage was neutral or positive.[2] By 1963, only Warsaw was recognized as having a Baháʼí community.[6] Following the fall of communism in Poland because of the Revolutions of 1989, the Baháʼís in Poland began to initiate contact with each other and have meetings; the first of these arose in Kraków and Warsaw.[1] In March 1991, the first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly was re-elected in Warsaw. Poland's National Spiritual Assembly was elected in 1992.[7] According to Baháʼí sources there were about 300 Baháʼís in Poland in 2006 and there have been several articles in Polish publications in 2008 covering the persecution of Baháʼís in Iran and Egypt.[8] The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated that there were about 300 Baháʼís in 2005.[9]

Early period edit

The earliest known articles in Polish were written by Aleksander Walerian Jabłonowski[1] in the 1870s after he had met the Baháʼís in Baghdad,[10] and one of these was to defend the Baháʼí Faith against an erroneous article in another publication.[2] Isabella Grinevskaya was the pen name of a very early Russian Baháʼí born in Grodno, and her father is buried in Warsaw.[11] Grodno was sometimes part of Poland and Belarus but during her entire lifetime was part of Russia.[12] She is well known because of a play of hers performed in 1903 called Báb.[1] In the 1910s some Jews in a regiment from Poland while stationed in Turkmenistan came into contact with the Baháʼís there.[13] Later the rector of the Catholic University of Lublin met ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in 1914 while he lived in Palestine, and in 1915 a Polish translation of Paris Talks was published in Silesia.[1]

Lidia Zamenhof edit

Main article: Lidia Zamenhof

Around 1925 Zamenhof became a member of the Baháʼí Faith.[4] Zamenhof was the official representative of the religion to the dedication of the monument erected upon the grave of her father in Warsaw in 1926.[14] Some Canadian Baháʼís visited Poland in the early 1930s[15] while Zamenhof went to the United States in late 1937 to teach the religion as well as Esperanto. In December 1938 she returned to Poland, where she continued to teach and translated Baháʼu'lláh and the New Era (see John Esslemont), The Hidden Words and Some Answered Questions.[4][16] While Zamenhof worked on the translations publication was delayed and accomplished out of France by a Polish nephew of Anne Lynch then in a Swiss internment camp for Polish officers.[17] In the second half of 1938 Zamenhof was a major influence of the conversion of the first known Ukrainian becoming a Baháʼí, who was living in eastern Poland at the time.[18] Zamenhof mentions there were five Baháʼís in Poland in August 1939.[14] Contact was made in 1947 with nine individuals investigating the religion mostly through Esperantist writings. One of them offered Zamenhof a hiding place she had declined.[19] She was arrested and eventually killed at the Treblinka extermination camp in the autumn of 1942.[20]

Period of oppression edit

Since its inception, the religion has had involvement in socio-economic development beginning by giving greater freedom to women,[21] promulgating the promotion of female education as a priority concern,[22] and that involvement was given practical expression by creating schools, agricultural coops, and clinics.[21] The religion entered a new phase of activity when a message of the Universal House of Justice dated 20 October 1983 was released.[23] Baháʼís were urged to seek out ways, compatible with the Baháʼí teachings, in which they could become involved in the social and economic development of the communities in which they lived. Worldwide in 1979 there were 129 officially recognized Baháʼí socioeconomic development projects. By 1987, the number of officially recognized development projects had increased to 1,482. However, in the Soviet sphere during the period of the Warsaw Pact, Poland adopted the Soviet policy of oppression of religion, so the Baháʼís, strictly adhering to their principle of obedience to legal government, abandoned its administration and properties.[5] From 1947 to 1950, Baháʼís were still known to be in seven cities in Poland. In 1948 there was a known group studying the religion in Warsaw.[24] While the Baháʼís in Poland were retreating from public view,[25] in Chicago, which is home to the largest ethnically Polish population outside of Warsaw,[26] saw the rise of the first Baháʼí House of Worship in the West, which was completed in 1953. In 1960, a Baháʼí traveled from Poland to Luxembourg for a Baháʼí meeting.[27] By 1963 only Warsaw was recognized as having an active community.[6] After that, until about 1989, the Soviet oppression of religions ended public activities of the religion. See also other Soviet block countries which had Baháʼí communities like Ukraine, Turkmenistan among others. While the Baháʼí community became all but unknown, the religion had been the object of some academic and popular commentary in Poland over the years.[2] There are several distinctions between Soviet coverage translated into Polish and native Polish coverage of the Baháʼí Faith. There were differences in sources cited, periods when the works were published, and attitudes about the religion presented. Most Soviet translations cited works from Persian antagonists of the religion. The native Polish works cited leaders of the religion or western or earlier Polish academics. For the native Polish works no Russian or Soviet publications, either in translation or in original, were cited. The translations from Soviet academics largely came from the later period during Soviet domination of Poland while most of the native Polish references were from the period before. The Soviet sources tried to portray the history of the religion as supporting the philosophy of Dialectical materialism of Soviet communism as an early anti-feudal movement but in the end supporting imperialism and colonialism. Contrary to this, native Polish works were either neutral or sympathetic to the religion, including publications from the Catholic Church in Poland.[2] One of the few Polish Baháʼís known from this period was Ola Pawlowska, a native of Poland who had fled during World War II and settled in Canada, where she became a member of the religion.[28] In 1953 she became a Knight of Baháʼu'lláh when she moved to St. Pierre and Miquelon Islands.[29] In 1969 she was traveling in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[30] In 1971 at the age 61 she returned to Poland for a period of almost 2 years before pioneering to Luxemburg and then Zaire where she took interest in the Pygmy population.[28] Lisa Janti, better known as Lisa Montell, a Hollywood actress of the 1950s and 60s, was born Irena Augustynowic and her family fled Poland before World War II. In the 1960s she joined the religion[31] and then worked on several advocacy projects while continuing to work in the arts.[32] Contact at the time was so minimal that it is worth noting Polish visitors to Baháʼí Houses of Worship: before 1973 some visited the temple in Panama[33] who were surprised to meet a guide who could speak a little Polish and in May 1978 a dance troupe from Poland visited the one near Chicago.[34] In 1979 a Polish citizen attending an Esperantist convention joined the religion.[35]

Re-development edit

Following political changes in Poland following the Solidarity movement, the Baháʼís in Poland began to initiate contact and have meetings, with the first of these arising in Kraków and Warsaw.[1] By 1990, the Baháʼís from the West were helping to build a center to serve as a place to host a Baháʼí summer school near Olesnica.[36] In March 1991 the first Local Spiritual Assembly was re-elected in Warsaw. The next assemblies in 1991-2 were in Białystok, Gdańsk, Kraków, Katowice, Lublin, Łódź, Poznań, Szczecin, and Wrocław. The National Assembly was elected in 1992[7] (indeed Pawlowska moved back to Poland at the age of 82 for a short time[28] to help form the assembly).[37] Jane (Sadler) Helbo was among those to pioneer to Poland when she moved to Olsztyn from 1992 to 2000.[38] In the spring of 1992 the Polish Baháʼí community participated in the election of the Universal House of Justice, and in December 1993 Polish Ambassador to Israel Dr. Jan Dowgiatto paid an official visit to the headquarters of the religion in Haifa, Israel.[1] Through the 1990s, Baháʼís in Poland presented at or were invited to various conferences or university classes. In 1999, Baháʼí composer Lasse Thoresen of Norway had a composition performed at the Warsaw Autumn.[39] In 2004 Senator Maria Szyszkowska held hearings at which Baháʼís gave presentations.[1]

Modern community edit

In 2000, Poland supported a United Nations human rights resolution about concern over the Baháʼís in Iran as well as taking steps to further document conditions.[40] There were about three hundred Baháʼís in Poland in 2006.[8] The 2006 and 2008 Polish summer schools took place late July in Serock, near Warsaw.[41] Several Polish language publications have covered the religion in recent years.[8] The Polish edition of Cosmopolitan had an extended article about the Baháʼí Faith in August 2008 by Małgorzata Łuka-Kowalczyk who followed a family learning about the religion. The Polish Gazette (Gazeta Wyrborcza) also covered the religion in February and April 2008, mostly covering the Persecution of Baháʼís in Iran (and once earlier in October 2006 covering the situation in Egypt). Baháʼís from Poland were among the more than 4,600 people who gathered in Frankfurt for the largest ever Baháʼí conference in Germany.[42] The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated about 990 Baháʼís in 2005.[9] According to the official Polish Baháʼí website, there are about 300 Baháʼís in Poland.[43]

See also edit

Further reading edit

  • Baháʼí Studies, vol. 4 (Dec 1978): Three Studies on Baháʼí History. Contains "'A.J.' and the Introduction of the Baháʼí Faith into Poland" by Jan T. Jasion.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i . Official Webpage of the Baháʼís of Poland. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Poland. 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  2. ^ a b c d e Jasion, Jan T. (1999). . Associate. Vol. Winter 1999, no. 29. Association for Baháʼí Studies (English-Speaking Europe). Archived from the original on 2012-02-15.
  3. ^ Momen, Moojan. "Russia". Draft for "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith". Baháʼí Library Online. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
  4. ^ a b c Smith, Peter (2000). "Zamenhof, Lidia". A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. p. 368. ISBN 1-85168-184-1.
  5. ^ a b Effendi, Shoghi (1936-03-11). The World Order of Baháʼu'lláh. Haifa, Palestine: US Baháʼí Publishing Trust, 1991 first pocket-size edition. pp. 64–67.
  6. ^ a b The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963, Compiled by Hands of the Cause residing in the Holy Land, page 109
  7. ^ a b Hassall, Graham. "Notes on Research on National Spiritual Assemblies". Research notes. Asia Pacific Baháʼí Studies. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  8. ^ a b c . Official Webpage of the Baháʼís of Poland. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Poland. 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  9. ^ a b "Most Baha'i Nations (2005)". QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions >. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  10. ^ MacEoin, Denis; William Collins. "Babi history". The Babi and Baha'i Religions: An Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Press's ongoing series of Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies. pp. entry #99. from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 15 December 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
  12. ^ . Eastern BorderLands of the II Polish Republic. Paul Havers. 2008-11-18. Archived from the original on 2009-02-04. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
  13. ^ Momen, Moojan. "Turkmenistan". Draft for "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith". Baháʼí Library Online. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  14. ^ a b "The Cost of Constancy: impressions of Lydia Zamenhof". Baháʼí News. No. 515. February 1974. pp. 19–21.
  15. ^ Van den Hoonaard, Willy Carl (1996). The Origins of the Baháʼí Community of Canada, 1898-1948. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-88920-272-6.
  16. ^ . adherents.com. 2005-12-06. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  17. ^ "Memorial Services Honor Mrs. Anne Lynch". Baháʼí News. No. 430. January 1967. p. 2.
  18. ^ "News from Other Lands; First Ukrainian Baháʼí". Baháʼí News. No. 183. May 1946. p. 8.
  19. ^ "From the Geneva Bureau News Exchamge; Poland". Baháʼí News. No. 201. November 1947. p. 3.
  20. ^ Dale, John. "Notes on the life of Lidia Zamenhof". Essays and Internet Postings. Baháʼí Online Library. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  21. ^ a b Momen, Moojan. "History of the Baha'i Faith in Iran". draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha'i Faith". Bahai-library.com. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
  22. ^ Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi (1997). "Education of women and socio-economic development". Baháʼí Studies Review. 7 (1).
  23. ^ Momen, Moojan; Smith, Peter (1989). "The Baha'i Faith 1957–1988: A Survey of Contemporary Developments". Religion. 19: 63–91. doi:10.1016/0048-721X(89)90077-8.
  24. ^ "Around the World; Poland". Baháʼí News. No. 207. May 1948. p. 2.
  25. ^ "Around the World; Poland". Baháʼí News. No. 238. December 1950. p. 9.
  26. ^ America the diverse - Chicago's Polish neighborhoods (5/15/2005)[permanent dead link] USA Weekend Magazine.
  27. ^ "Luxembourg National Day Inspired by Visit of Hand of Cause Hermann Grossmann". Baháʼí News. No. 357. December 1960. p. 16.
  28. ^ a b c Batchelor, Thelma (2008-12-23). Review of Legacy of Courage - The Life of Ola Pawlowska, Knight of Baháʼu'lláh. ASIN 0853985243. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  29. ^ Lehman, Dale E. (2009-03-06). . Book Reviews. Planet Baháʼí. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  30. ^ "Institute Generates Peace in Heart of Congo". Baháʼí News. No. 464. November 1969. p. 11.
  31. ^ "Lisa Montell Profile". Profiles. Glamour Girls of the Silver Screen. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
  32. ^ "About the Artists". Lisa Janti Website. Lisa Janti. from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
  33. ^ "The Panama Temple Today". Baháʼí News. No. 507. June 1973. p. 17.
  34. ^ "United States - Dedications, celebrations, and picnics… as the American community launches a final drive toward victory in the Five Year Plan". Baháʼí News. No. 570. September 1978. p. 10.
  35. ^ "Esperanto League". Baháʼí News. No. 574. January 1979. p. 19.
  36. ^ "Poland; Building 'new Order,' brick by brick". Baháʼí News. No. 771. July 1990. pp. 1–3. ISSN 0195-9212.
  37. ^ . Titles. George Ronald Publisher Ltd. Archived from the original on 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  38. ^ van Kerkhoff, Sonja (1992). "Jane (Sadler) Helbo - musician, wind instrument repairer, Poland / Denmark". Arts Dialogue. 1992 (December): 10–11.
  39. ^ Universal House of Justice (April 1991). "April 1999 --- Ridván 156". Documents from the Universal House of Justice and the Baháʼí International Community. Baháʼí Online Library. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  40. ^ United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Question of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world. E/CN.4/2000/L.16, 2000.
  41. ^ "Entry for Poland". European Baha'i Blog. europeanbahai.org. 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  42. ^ Baháʼí International Community (2009-02-08). "The Frankfurt Regional Conference". Baháʼí World News Service.
  43. ^ "Wiara Baháʼí" (in Polish). Retrieved 2018-06-30.

External links edit

  • National Spiritual Assembly Official Website
  • Kraków Community Blog

April 14, 2024
baháʼí, faith, poland, history, begins, 1870s, when, polish, writer, walerian, jablonowski, wrote, several, articles, covering, religion, early, history, persia, there, polish, language, translation, paris, talks, published, 1915, after, becoming, baháʼí, 1925. The history of the Bahaʼi Faith in Poland begins in the 1870s when Polish writer Walerian Jablonowski 1 wrote several articles covering the religion s early history in Persia 2 3 There was a Polish language translation of Paris Talks published in 1915 1 After becoming a Bahaʼi in 1925 4 Poland s Lidia Zamenhof returned to Poland in 1938 as its first well known Bahaʼi During the period of the Warsaw Pact Poland adopted the Soviet policy of oppression of religion so Poland s Bahaʼi community strictly adhering to its principle of obedience to legal government abandoned its administration and properties 5 An analysis of publications before and during this period found that coverage by Soviet based sources was basically hostile to the Bahaʼi Faith while native Polish coverage was neutral or positive 2 By 1963 only Warsaw was recognized as having a Bahaʼi community 6 Following the fall of communism in Poland because of the Revolutions of 1989 the Bahaʼis in Poland began to initiate contact with each other and have meetings the first of these arose in Krakow and Warsaw 1 In March 1991 the first Bahaʼi Local Spiritual Assembly was re elected in Warsaw Poland s National Spiritual Assembly was elected in 1992 7 According to Bahaʼi sources there were about 300 Bahaʼis in Poland in 2006 and there have been several articles in Polish publications in 2008 covering the persecution of Bahaʼis in Iran and Egypt 8 The Association of Religion Data Archives relying on World Christian Encyclopedia estimated that there were about 300 Bahaʼis in 2005 9 Contents 1 Early period 1 1 Lidia Zamenhof 1 2 Period of oppression 2 Re development 3 Modern community 4 See also 5 Further reading 6 References 7 External linksEarly period editThe earliest known articles in Polish were written by Aleksander Walerian Jablonowski 1 in the 1870s after he had met the Bahaʼis in Baghdad 10 and one of these was to defend the Bahaʼi Faith against an erroneous article in another publication 2 Isabella Grinevskaya was the pen name of a very early Russian Bahaʼi born in Grodno and her father is buried in Warsaw 11 Grodno was sometimes part of Poland and Belarus but during her entire lifetime was part of Russia 12 She is well known because of a play of hers performed in 1903 called Bab 1 In the 1910s some Jews in a regiment from Poland while stationed in Turkmenistan came into contact with the Bahaʼis there 13 Later the rector of the Catholic University of Lublin met ʻAbdu l Baha in 1914 while he lived in Palestine and in 1915 a Polish translation of Paris Talks was published in Silesia 1 Lidia Zamenhof edit Main article Lidia Zamenhof Around 1925 Zamenhof became a member of the Bahaʼi Faith 4 Zamenhof was the official representative of the religion to the dedication of the monument erected upon the grave of her father in Warsaw in 1926 14 Some Canadian Bahaʼis visited Poland in the early 1930s 15 while Zamenhof went to the United States in late 1937 to teach the religion as well as Esperanto In December 1938 she returned to Poland where she continued to teach and translated Bahaʼu llah and the New Era see John Esslemont The Hidden Words and Some Answered Questions 4 16 While Zamenhof worked on the translations publication was delayed and accomplished out of France by a Polish nephew of Anne Lynch then in a Swiss internment camp for Polish officers 17 In the second half of 1938 Zamenhof was a major influence of the conversion of the first known Ukrainian becoming a Bahaʼi who was living in eastern Poland at the time 18 Zamenhof mentions there were five Bahaʼis in Poland in August 1939 14 Contact was made in 1947 with nine individuals investigating the religion mostly through Esperantist writings One of them offered Zamenhof a hiding place she had declined 19 She was arrested and eventually killed at the Treblinka extermination camp in the autumn of 1942 20 Period of oppression edit Since its inception the religion has had involvement in socio economic development beginning by giving greater freedom to women 21 promulgating the promotion of female education as a priority concern 22 and that involvement was given practical expression by creating schools agricultural coops and clinics 21 The religion entered a new phase of activity when a message of the Universal House of Justice dated 20 October 1983 was released 23 Bahaʼis were urged to seek out ways compatible with the Bahaʼi teachings in which they could become involved in the social and economic development of the communities in which they lived Worldwide in 1979 there were 129 officially recognized Bahaʼi socioeconomic development projects By 1987 the number of officially recognized development projects had increased to 1 482 However in the Soviet sphere during the period of the Warsaw Pact Poland adopted the Soviet policy of oppression of religion so the Bahaʼis strictly adhering to their principle of obedience to legal government abandoned its administration and properties 5 From 1947 to 1950 Bahaʼis were still known to be in seven cities in Poland In 1948 there was a known group studying the religion in Warsaw 24 While the Bahaʼis in Poland were retreating from public view 25 in Chicago which is home to the largest ethnically Polish population outside of Warsaw 26 saw the rise of the first Bahaʼi House of Worship in the West which was completed in 1953 In 1960 a Bahaʼi traveled from Poland to Luxembourg for a Bahaʼi meeting 27 By 1963 only Warsaw was recognized as having an active community 6 After that until about 1989 the Soviet oppression of religions ended public activities of the religion See also other Soviet block countries which had Bahaʼi communities like Ukraine Turkmenistan among others While the Bahaʼi community became all but unknown the religion had been the object of some academic and popular commentary in Poland over the years 2 There are several distinctions between Soviet coverage translated into Polish and native Polish coverage of the Bahaʼi Faith There were differences in sources cited periods when the works were published and attitudes about the religion presented Most Soviet translations cited works from Persian antagonists of the religion The native Polish works cited leaders of the religion or western or earlier Polish academics For the native Polish works no Russian or Soviet publications either in translation or in original were cited The translations from Soviet academics largely came from the later period during Soviet domination of Poland while most of the native Polish references were from the period before The Soviet sources tried to portray the history of the religion as supporting the philosophy of Dialectical materialism of Soviet communism as an early anti feudal movement but in the end supporting imperialism and colonialism Contrary to this native Polish works were either neutral or sympathetic to the religion including publications from the Catholic Church in Poland 2 One of the few Polish Bahaʼis known from this period was Ola Pawlowska a native of Poland who had fled during World War II and settled in Canada where she became a member of the religion 28 In 1953 she became a Knight of Bahaʼu llah when she moved to St Pierre and Miquelon Islands 29 In 1969 she was traveling in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 30 In 1971 at the age 61 she returned to Poland for a period of almost 2 years before pioneering to Luxemburg and then Zaire where she took interest in the Pygmy population 28 Lisa Janti better known as Lisa Montell a Hollywood actress of the 1950s and 60s was born Irena Augustynowic and her family fled Poland before World War II In the 1960s she joined the religion 31 and then worked on several advocacy projects while continuing to work in the arts 32 Contact at the time was so minimal that it is worth noting Polish visitors to Bahaʼi Houses of Worship before 1973 some visited the temple in Panama 33 who were surprised to meet a guide who could speak a little Polish and in May 1978 a dance troupe from Poland visited the one near Chicago 34 In 1979 a Polish citizen attending an Esperantist convention joined the religion 35 Re development editFollowing political changes in Poland following the Solidarity movement the Bahaʼis in Poland began to initiate contact and have meetings with the first of these arising in Krakow and Warsaw 1 By 1990 the Bahaʼis from the West were helping to build a center to serve as a place to host a Bahaʼi summer school near Olesnica 36 In March 1991 the first Local Spiritual Assembly was re elected in Warsaw The next assemblies in 1991 2 were in Bialystok Gdansk Krakow Katowice Lublin Lodz Poznan Szczecin and Wroclaw The National Assembly was elected in 1992 7 indeed Pawlowska moved back to Poland at the age of 82 for a short time 28 to help form the assembly 37 Jane Sadler Helbo was among those to pioneer to Poland when she moved to Olsztyn from 1992 to 2000 38 In the spring of 1992 the Polish Bahaʼi community participated in the election of the Universal House of Justice and in December 1993 Polish Ambassador to Israel Dr Jan Dowgiatto paid an official visit to the headquarters of the religion in Haifa Israel 1 Through the 1990s Bahaʼis in Poland presented at or were invited to various conferences or university classes In 1999 Bahaʼi composer Lasse Thoresen of Norway had a composition performed at the Warsaw Autumn 39 In 2004 Senator Maria Szyszkowska held hearings at which Bahaʼis gave presentations 1 Modern community editIn 2000 Poland supported a United Nations human rights resolution about concern over the Bahaʼis in Iran as well as taking steps to further document conditions 40 There were about three hundred Bahaʼis in Poland in 2006 8 The 2006 and 2008 Polish summer schools took place late July in Serock near Warsaw 41 Several Polish language publications have covered the religion in recent years 8 The Polish edition of Cosmopolitan had an extended article about the Bahaʼi Faith in August 2008 by Malgorzata Luka Kowalczyk who followed a family learning about the religion The Polish Gazette Gazeta Wyrborcza also covered the religion in February and April 2008 mostly covering the Persecution of Bahaʼis in Iran and once earlier in October 2006 covering the situation in Egypt Bahaʼis from Poland were among the more than 4 600 people who gathered in Frankfurt for the largest ever Bahaʼi conference in Germany 42 The Association of Religion Data Archives relying on World Christian Encyclopedia estimated about 990 Bahaʼis in 2005 9 According to the official Polish Bahaʼi website there are about 300 Bahaʼis in Poland 43 See also editHistory of Poland Religion in PolandFurther reading editBahaʼi Studies vol 4 Dec 1978 Three Studies on Bahaʼi History Contains A J and the Introduction of the Bahaʼi Faith into Poland by Jan T Jasion References edit a b c d e f g h i History in Poland Official Webpage of the Bahaʼis of Poland National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of Poland 2008 Archived from the original on 2009 01 24 Retrieved 2009 03 20 a b c d e Jasion Jan T 1999 The Polish Response to Soviet Anti Bahaʼi Polemics Associate Vol Winter 1999 no 29 Association for Bahaʼi Studies English Speaking Europe Archived from the original on 2012 02 15 Momen Moojan Russia Draft for A Short Encyclopedia of the Bahaʼi Faith Bahaʼi Library Online Retrieved 2008 04 14 a b c Smith Peter 2000 Zamenhof Lidia A concise encyclopedia of the Bahaʼi Faith Oxford Oneworld Publications p 368 ISBN 1 85168 184 1 a b Effendi Shoghi 1936 03 11 The World Order of Bahaʼu llah Haifa Palestine US Bahaʼi Publishing Trust 1991 first pocket size edition pp 64 67 a b The Bahaʼi Faith 1844 1963 Information Statistical and Comparative Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Bahaʼi Teaching amp Consolidation Plan 1953 1963 Compiled by Hands of the Cause residing in the Holy Land page 109 a b Hassall Graham Notes on Research on National Spiritual Assemblies Research notes Asia Pacific Bahaʼi Studies Retrieved 2018 04 23 a b c Press about the Bahaʼi Faith Official Webpage of the Bahaʼis of Poland National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of Poland 2008 Archived from the original on 2009 01 24 Retrieved 2009 03 20 a b Most Baha i Nations 2005 QuickLists gt Compare Nations gt Religions gt The Association of Religion Data Archives 2005 Archived from the original on 14 April 2010 Retrieved 2010 05 03 MacEoin Denis William Collins Babi history The Babi and Baha i Religions An Annotated Bibliography Greenwood Press s ongoing series of Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies pp entry 99 Archived from the original on 15 May 2008 Retrieved 2008 04 12 A S Fridberg 6 Nov 1838 21 March 1902 Archived from the original on 15 December 2008 Retrieved 2009 03 22 Short Description History Eastern BorderLands of the II Polish Republic Paul Havers 2008 11 18 Archived from the original on 2009 02 04 Retrieved 2009 03 22 Momen Moojan Turkmenistan Draft for A Short Encyclopedia of the Bahaʼi Faith Bahaʼi Library Online Retrieved 2009 03 20 a b The Cost of Constancy impressions of Lydia Zamenhof Bahaʼi News No 515 February 1974 pp 19 21 Van den Hoonaard Willy Carl 1996 The Origins of the Bahaʼi Community of Canada 1898 1948 Wilfrid Laurier University Press p 77 ISBN 978 0 88920 272 6 Famous Baha is adherents com 2005 12 06 Archived from the original on 2 March 2009 Retrieved 2009 03 20 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Memorial Services Honor Mrs Anne Lynch Bahaʼi News No 430 January 1967 p 2 News from Other Lands First Ukrainian Bahaʼi Bahaʼi News No 183 May 1946 p 8 From the Geneva Bureau News Exchamge Poland Bahaʼi News No 201 November 1947 p 3 Dale John Notes on the life of Lidia Zamenhof Essays and Internet Postings Bahaʼi Online Library Retrieved 2009 03 20 a b Momen Moojan History of the Baha i Faith in Iran draft A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha i Faith Bahai library com Retrieved 2009 10 16 Kingdon Geeta Gandhi 1997 Education of women and socio economic development Bahaʼi Studies Review 7 1 Momen Moojan Smith Peter 1989 The Baha i Faith 1957 1988 A Survey of Contemporary Developments Religion 19 63 91 doi 10 1016 0048 721X 89 90077 8 Around the World Poland Bahaʼi News No 207 May 1948 p 2 Around the World Poland Bahaʼi News No 238 December 1950 p 9 America the diverse Chicago s Polish neighborhoods 5 15 2005 permanent dead link USA Weekend Magazine Luxembourg National Day Inspired by Visit of Hand of Cause Hermann Grossmann Bahaʼi News No 357 December 1960 p 16 a b c Batchelor Thelma 2008 12 23 Review of Legacy of Courage The Life of Ola Pawlowska Knight of Bahaʼu llah ASIN 0853985243 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Lehman Dale E 2009 03 06 Review of Legacy of Courage The Life of Ola Pawlowska Book Reviews Planet Bahaʼi Archived from the original on 2011 07 17 Retrieved 2009 03 20 Institute Generates Peace in Heart of Congo Bahaʼi News No 464 November 1969 p 11 Lisa Montell Profile Profiles Glamour Girls of the Silver Screen Retrieved 2009 05 12 About the Artists Lisa Janti Website Lisa Janti Archived from the original on 5 June 2009 Retrieved 2009 05 12 The Panama Temple Today Bahaʼi News No 507 June 1973 p 17 United States Dedications celebrations and picnics as the American community launches a final drive toward victory in the Five Year Plan Bahaʼi News No 570 September 1978 p 10 Esperanto League Bahaʼi News No 574 January 1979 p 19 Poland Building new Order brick by brick Bahaʼi News No 771 July 1990 pp 1 3 ISSN 0195 9212 Legacy of Courage The Life of Ola Pawlowska Knight of Bahaʼu llah Titles George Ronald Publisher Ltd Archived from the original on 2011 02 08 Retrieved 2009 03 20 van Kerkhoff Sonja 1992 Jane Sadler Helbo musician wind instrument repairer Poland Denmark Arts Dialogue 1992 December 10 11 Universal House of Justice April 1991 April 1999 Ridvan 156 Documents from the Universal House of Justice and the Bahaʼi International Community Bahaʼi Online Library Retrieved 2009 03 20 United Nations Commission on Human Rights Question of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world E CN 4 2000 L 16 2000 Entry for Poland European Baha i Blog europeanbahai org 2008 04 10 Retrieved 2009 03 20 Bahaʼi International Community 2009 02 08 The Frankfurt Regional Conference Bahaʼi World News Service Wiara Bahaʼi in Polish Retrieved 2018 06 30 External links editNational Spiritual Assembly Official Website Krakow Community Blog Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bahaʼi Faith in Poland amp oldid 1185674112, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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