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Starina Novak

March 02, 2023

Starina Novak (Serbian Cyrillic: Старинa Новак; Romanian: Baba Novac; Bulgarian: Баба Новак, meaning "Old Novak") was a Serb hajduk (brigand and rebel) who distinguished himself in many battles against the Ottoman Empire. He is considered a national hero by both the Serbs and the Romanians.

Starina Novak
Nickname(s)Baba Novak
Bornc. 1530
Poreč, Ottoman Empire (now Donji Milanovac, Serbia)
DiedFebruary 5, 1601(1601-02-05) (aged 70–71)
Kolozsvár, Principality of Transylvania (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania)
Allegiance Wallachia
Years of service154x–1601
RankCaptain
UnitHajduk unit of Michael the Brave
Battles/warsLong Turkish War

Early life

Novak was born in c. 1530[1] in the village of Poreč, on an island on the Danube, in the Timok Valley, at the time part of the Ottoman Empire (today Donji Milanovac, Serbia). He descended from a Timok family.[2][3] He studied at the monastery of Poreč and was fluent in both Serbian and Old Slavonic. He also spoke Romanian and Greek.[citation needed]

Military career

He began his career as a hajduk at an early age after he was imprisoned and beaten by Turks, losing all his teeth (hence the name Old Novak)[citation needed] that led him to leave his birthplace and take refuge in the forests of the Timok Valley where he quickly learned the use of weapons and military from a harambaša (commander of the hajudks). He soon formed his own četa (hajduk band) and started a violent fight against the Ottomans. His strong personality and military prowess made him a man of many followers and his guerrillas became a strong fighting force.

The oldest mention of Novak is from 1595, when he was mentioned in the forces of Wallachian prince Michael the Brave.[4] Novak joined the forces of Michael in the region of Banat, and received the rank of captain with 2,000 Serbian hajduks (brigands) under his command, set to liberate the Wallachian lands. His forces participated in the seizure of Călugăreni, and liberated Târgoviște, Bucharest, and Giurgiu in October 1595. His forces were part of the attack on Bulgarian Sofia which earned him great reputation after he and his 700 soldiers tricked the Turks by changing route through the Balkan mountains and successfully surprise-attacked the Turkish forces only leaving behind 8 of his soldiers and capturing vast amounts of livestock and supplies from the Ottomans. He liberated Plevna with 1,500 soldiers.

In 1598, his sizable forces, composed primarily of Serbs but also some Bulgarians, met the remaining forces of Michael the Brave, amounting to a total of 16,000 armed men. They liberated Plevna, Rahovo, Vratsa, Vidin, and Florentin, after which the Serbs and Bulgarians of those cities gathered with his forces and had a feast. In 1599, a force of 50,000+ men under the command of Bordj Mako gathered with the forces of Novak in Ploiești, in a square with 5-6 rows in the center, before capturing Sibiu. In 1600 his forces were deployed in Banat; he was then instructed to liberate all lands to the south, also part of the uprisings in Mirăslău and nearby towns. Novak followed Michael to Vienna in December 1600.

He wanted to hand over the fortresses of Lugos and Karánsebes to the Turks, but his intention was unveiled in time. For this Novak was accused of treason by ally-turned-rival Giorgio Basta and was sent to the Hungarian authorities in Cluj (Kolozsvár), sentenced to burning. The execution took place on 5 February 1601. Gypsies prepared the fire that would be the end of Novak, two of Michael's captains, Joan Celeste and Savi Armašulu, and some Saxon priests. After being burnt alive for 1 to 5 hours (water was tossed at the bodies for a slower death), the bodies were impaled and crows were eating from the corpses. Michael was unaware of the execution and heard of it when passing through Cluj in early August 1601; he raised a flag on the site of the execution. Giorgio Basta then ordered the assassination of Michael, which took place near Câmpia Turzii on 9 August 1601.

Epic poetry

Starina Novak is venerated as a hero in the Serbian epic poetry,[4] as the central figure in poems such as Starina Novak i knez Bogosav, Starina Novak i deli Radivoje, and others. Some poems confuse Starina Novak with an older military commander,[5] Novak Debelić, a nobleman from the 15th century; thus, the character of Starina Novak in epic poetry could be said to include two individuals.[6]

Legacy

Streets in Constanța,[7] Cluj-Napoca, Craiova,[8] Bucharest,[9] Brașov, and Belgrade are named after him.

The song Baba Novak by the Romanian band Transsylvania Phoenix is about him.[10]

In Serbia, a section of Belgrade's neighborhood of Palilula is dedicated to Starina Novak. Features bearing his name include the street, a local community (sub-municipal administrative unit), an elementary school founded in 1922, and a park. The area occupied by the park today was named Starina Novak Square until 1954. In October 2017, the city's administration announced that a monument to Starina Novak will be erected in the park.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Samardžić et al. 1993, p. 264.
  2. ^ Cristea Sandu Timoc, Contribuția baladei timocene în cadrul relațiilor culturale dintre români și popoarele Balcanice. Partea a II-a. Revista Dacia Aureliana, Apr 16, 2012, p.8
  3. ^ Aleksandra Bonači, Miodrag D. Marković. Na novim ognjištima. Savez udruženja boraca narodnooslobodilačkog rata SR Srbije. 1969, p. 13. "Старина Новак је био пореклом из неке властеоске породице која је за одбрану сокобањске долине од Турака подигла више утврђења на њеним прилазима"
  4. ^ a b Samardžić et al. 1993, p. 263.
  5. ^ Vuk Stefanović Karadžić; R. Aleksić (1958). Pjesme junačke srednijijeh vremena. Prosveta. Стари Новак. Српска народна песма помешала је обе ове лич- ности, па се зато јунаку дају наизменично два имена: Старина Новак и, ређе, Дебелић Новак (као у четвртој песми ове књиге). Певачи, који често доводе у везу лич- ...
  6. ^ Epske narodne pesme: hajduci. Narodna knjiga. 1965. ... доиста је постојао, само се сматра да је народна песма у њему оличила две историјске лич- ности: Новака Дебелића, јунака из XV века, и Баба Новака (Стари Новак), зоповедник хајдучких чета из Подунавља с краја XVI века.
  7. ^ "Strada Baba Novac, harta Constanta cu Strada Baba Novac".
  8. ^ "Google Maps".
  9. ^ "Intrarea Baba Novac, Harta Bucuresti cu Intrarea Baba Novac".
  10. ^ "Baba Novak - versuri Phoenix".
  11. ^ Ana Vuković (28 October 2017), "Spomenik Starini Novaku na Paliluli" [Monument to Starina Novak in Palilula], Politika (in Serbian), p. 14

Sources

Samardžić, Radovan; Veselinović, Rajko L.; Popović, Toma (1993). Radovan Samardžić (ed.). Istorija srpskog naroda. Treća knjiga, prvi tom: Srbi pod tuđinskom vlašću 1537-1699. Belgrade: Srpska književna zadruga.

Further reading

  • В. Бован (1988). "Преображај историјског хајдука Новака у песнички лик Старине Новака, Старина Новак и његово доба". зборник радова: 129–145.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Starina Novak.

March 02, 2023
starina, novak, serbian, cyrillic, Старинa, Новак, romanian, baba, novac, bulgarian, Баба, Новак, meaning, novak, serb, hajduk, brigand, rebel, distinguished, himself, many, battles, against, ottoman, empire, considered, national, hero, both, serbs, romanians,. Starina Novak Serbian Cyrillic Starina Novak Romanian Baba Novac Bulgarian Baba Novak meaning Old Novak was a Serb hajduk brigand and rebel who distinguished himself in many battles against the Ottoman Empire He is considered a national hero by both the Serbs and the Romanians Starina NovakNickname s Baba NovakBornc 1530Porec Ottoman Empire now Donji Milanovac Serbia DiedFebruary 5 1601 1601 02 05 aged 70 71 Kolozsvar Principality of Transylvania now Cluj Napoca Romania Allegiance WallachiaYears of service154x 1601RankCaptainUnitHajduk unit of Michael the BraveBattles warsLong Turkish War Contents 1 Early life 2 Military career 3 Epic poetry 4 Legacy 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 Further readingEarly life EditNovak was born in c 1530 1 in the village of Porec on an island on the Danube in the Timok Valley at the time part of the Ottoman Empire today Donji Milanovac Serbia He descended from a Timok family 2 3 He studied at the monastery of Porec and was fluent in both Serbian and Old Slavonic He also spoke Romanian and Greek citation needed Military career EditHe began his career as a hajduk at an early age after he was imprisoned and beaten by Turks losing all his teeth hence the name Old Novak citation needed that led him to leave his birthplace and take refuge in the forests of the Timok Valley where he quickly learned the use of weapons and military from a harambasa commander of the hajudks He soon formed his own ceta hajduk band and started a violent fight against the Ottomans His strong personality and military prowess made him a man of many followers and his guerrillas became a strong fighting force The oldest mention of Novak is from 1595 when he was mentioned in the forces of Wallachian prince Michael the Brave 4 Novak joined the forces of Michael in the region of Banat and received the rank of captain with 2 000 Serbian hajduks brigands under his command set to liberate the Wallachian lands His forces participated in the seizure of Călugăreni and liberated Targoviște Bucharest and Giurgiu in October 1595 His forces were part of the attack on Bulgarian Sofia which earned him great reputation after he and his 700 soldiers tricked the Turks by changing route through the Balkan mountains and successfully surprise attacked the Turkish forces only leaving behind 8 of his soldiers and capturing vast amounts of livestock and supplies from the Ottomans He liberated Plevna with 1 500 soldiers In 1598 his sizable forces composed primarily of Serbs but also some Bulgarians met the remaining forces of Michael the Brave amounting to a total of 16 000 armed men They liberated Plevna Rahovo Vratsa Vidin and Florentin after which the Serbs and Bulgarians of those cities gathered with his forces and had a feast In 1599 a force of 50 000 men under the command of Bordj Mako gathered with the forces of Novak in Ploiești in a square with 5 6 rows in the center before capturing Sibiu In 1600 his forces were deployed in Banat he was then instructed to liberate all lands to the south also part of the uprisings in Mirăslău and nearby towns Novak followed Michael to Vienna in December 1600 He wanted to hand over the fortresses of Lugos and Karansebes to the Turks but his intention was unveiled in time For this Novak was accused of treason by ally turned rival Giorgio Basta and was sent to the Hungarian authorities in Cluj Kolozsvar sentenced to burning The execution took place on 5 February 1601 Gypsies prepared the fire that would be the end of Novak two of Michael s captains Joan Celeste and Savi Armasulu and some Saxon priests After being burnt alive for 1 to 5 hours water was tossed at the bodies for a slower death the bodies were impaled and crows were eating from the corpses Michael was unaware of the execution and heard of it when passing through Cluj in early August 1601 he raised a flag on the site of the execution Giorgio Basta then ordered the assassination of Michael which took place near Campia Turzii on 9 August 1601 Epic poetry EditStarina Novak is venerated as a hero in the Serbian epic poetry 4 as the central figure in poems such as Starina Novak i knez Bogosav Starina Novak i deli Radivoje and others Some poems confuse Starina Novak with an older military commander 5 Novak Debelic a nobleman from the 15th century thus the character of Starina Novak in epic poetry could be said to include two individuals 6 Legacy EditStreets in Constanța 7 Cluj Napoca Craiova 8 Bucharest 9 Brașov and Belgrade are named after him The song Baba Novak by the Romanian band Transsylvania Phoenix is about him 10 In Serbia a section of Belgrade s neighborhood of Palilula is dedicated to Starina Novak Features bearing his name include the street a local community sub municipal administrative unit an elementary school founded in 1922 and a park The area occupied by the park today was named Starina Novak Square until 1954 In October 2017 the city s administration announced that a monument to Starina Novak will be erected in the park 11 See also EditJovan Nenad self styled Emperor in Vojvodina 1527 Bishop Teodor Orthodox bishop and leader of the Banat Uprising 1594 References Edit Samardzic et al 1993 p 264 Cristea Sandu Timoc Contribuția baladei timocene in cadrul relațiilor culturale dintre romani și popoarele Balcanice Partea a II a Revista Dacia Aureliana Apr 16 2012 p 8 Aleksandra Bonaci Miodrag D Markovic Na novim ognjistima Savez udruzenja boraca narodnooslobodilackog rata SR Srbije 1969 p 13 Starina Novak јe bio poreklom iz neke vlasteoske porodice koјa јe za odbranu sokobaњske doline od Turaka podigla vishe utvrђeњa na њenim prilazima a b Samardzic et al 1993 p 263 Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic R Aleksic 1958 Pjesme junacke srednijijeh vremena Prosveta Stari Novak Srpska narodna pesma pomeshala јe obe ove lich nosti pa se zato јunaku daјu naizmenichno dva imena Starina Novak i reђe Debeliћ Novak kao u chetvrtoј pesmi ove kњige Pevachi koјi chesto dovode u vezu lich Epske narodne pesme hajduci Narodna knjiga 1965 doista јe postoјao samo se smatra da јe narodna pesma u њemu olichila dve istoriјske lich nosti Novaka Debeliћa јunaka iz XV veka i Baba Novaka Stari Novak zopovednik haјduchkih cheta iz Podunavљa s kraјa XVI veka Strada Baba Novac harta Constanta cu Strada Baba Novac Google Maps Intrarea Baba Novac Harta Bucuresti cu Intrarea Baba Novac Baba Novak versuri Phoenix Ana Vukovic 28 October 2017 Spomenik Starini Novaku na Paliluli Monument to Starina Novak in Palilula Politika in Serbian p 14Sources EditSamardzic Radovan Veselinovic Rajko L Popovic Toma 1993 Radovan Samardzic ed Istorija srpskog naroda Treca knjiga prvi tom Srbi pod tuđinskom vlascu 1537 1699 Belgrade Srpska knjizevna zadruga Further reading EditV Bovan 1988 Preobrazhaј istoriјskog haјduka Novaka u pesnichki lik Starine Novaka Starina Novak i њegovo doba zbornik radova 129 145 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Starina Novak Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Starina Novak amp oldid 1141429722, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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