Front page Free Algeria in 1950 for the celebration of the 13th anniversary of the Algerian People's Party.
The Algerian War of Independence began in November 1954 and ended in 1962. The war was very brutal and long, and was the most recent major turning point in Algeria's history. Although often fratricidal, it ultimately united Algerians and raised the value of independence and the philosophy of anticolonialism into the national consciousness. Abusive tactics of the French Army remains a controversial subject in France to this day.
In the early morning hours (12:00 am) of 1 November 1954, the National Liberation Army (L'armée de Libération Nationale—ALN) launched attacks throughout Algeria in the opening salvo of a war of independence. An important watershed in this war was the massacre of civilians by the FLN near the town of Philippeville in August 1955. The government claimed it killed 1,273 guerrillas in retaliation; according to the FLN, 12,000 Muslims perished in an orgy of bloodletting by the armed forces and police, as well as colon gangs. After Philippeville, all-out war began in Algeria. The FLN fought largely using guerrilla and terrorist tactics whilst the French counter-insurgency tactics often included severe reprisals and repression.
Eventually, protracted negotiations led to a cease-fire signed by France and the FLN on March 18, 1962, at Evian, France. The Evian accords also provided for continuing economic, financial, technical, and cultural relations, along with interim administrative arrangements until a referendum on self-determination could be held. The Evian accords guaranteed the religious and property rights of French settlers, but the perception that they would not be respected led to the exodus of one million pieds-noirs and harkis.
Between 350.000 and 1 million Algerians are estimated to have died during the war, and more than 2 million, out of a total Muslim population of 9 or 10 million, were made into refugees or forcibly relocated into government-controlled camps. Much of the countryside and agriculture was devastated, along with the modern economy, which had been dominated by urban European settlers (the pied-noirs). French sources estimated that at least 70,000 Muslim civilians were killed or abducted and presumed killed, by the FLN during the Algerian War. Nearly one million people of mostly French, Spanish and Italian[1] descent were forced to flee Algeria at independence due to the unbridgeable rifts opened by the civil war and threats from units of the victorious FLN. Along with them fled most Algerians of Jewish descent and those Muslim Algerians who had supported a French Algeria (harkis). 30–150,000 pro-French Muslims were also killed in Algeria by FLN in post-war reprisals.[2]
French President Charles De Gaulle pronounced Algeria an independent country on 3 July.[3] The decision was published in the official journal the following day,[4] and Algerian leaders declared 5 July, the anniversary of the French arrival in Algiers, to be Independence Day.[5]
independence, algeria, this, article, require, cleanup, meet, wikipedia, quality, standards, specific, problem, this, article, needs, copyediting, appears, native, speaker, wrote, most, please, help, improve, this, article, october, 2015, learn, when, remove, . This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is This article needs copyediting as it appears a non native speaker wrote most of it Please help improve this article if you can October 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Independence Day Arabic عيد استقلال French Jour de l Independance observed annually on 5 July is a National Holiday in Algeria commemorating colonial Algerian independence from France on 5 July 1962 Independence Day of AlgeriaObserved byAlgeriaTypeNationalCelebrationsFlag Hoisting Parades Singing Patriotic Songs and the national anthem Speech by the President of Algeria DateJuly 5Next timeJuly 5 2024 2024 07 05 FrequencyAnnual Contents 1 Algerian War 1954 1962 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksAlgerian War 1954 1962 editMain article Algerian War nbsp Front page Free Algeria in 1950 for the celebration of the 13th anniversary of the Algerian People s Party The Algerian War of Independence began in November 1954 and ended in 1962 The war was very brutal and long and was the most recent major turning point in Algeria s history Although often fratricidal it ultimately united Algerians and raised the value of independence and the philosophy of anticolonialism into the national consciousness Abusive tactics of the French Army remains a controversial subject in France to this day In the early morning hours 12 00 am of 1 November 1954 the National Liberation Army L armee de Liberation Nationale ALN launched attacks throughout Algeria in the opening salvo of a war of independence An important watershed in this war was the massacre of civilians by the FLN near the town of Philippeville in August 1955 The government claimed it killed 1 273 guerrillas in retaliation according to the FLN 12 000 Muslims perished in an orgy of bloodletting by the armed forces and police as well as colon gangs After Philippeville all out war began in Algeria The FLN fought largely using guerrilla and terrorist tactics whilst the French counter insurgency tactics often included severe reprisals and repression Eventually protracted negotiations led to a cease fire signed by France and the FLN on March 18 1962 at Evian France The Evian accords also provided for continuing economic financial technical and cultural relations along with interim administrative arrangements until a referendum on self determination could be held The Evian accords guaranteed the religious and property rights of French settlers but the perception that they would not be respected led to the exodus of one million pieds noirs and harkis Between 350 000 and 1 million Algerians are estimated to have died during the war and more than 2 million out of a total Muslim population of 9 or 10 million were made into refugees or forcibly relocated into government controlled camps Much of the countryside and agriculture was devastated along with the modern economy which had been dominated by urban European settlers the pied noirs French sources estimated that at least 70 000 Muslim civilians were killed or abducted and presumed killed by the FLN during the Algerian War Nearly one million people of mostly French Spanish and Italian 1 descent were forced to flee Algeria at independence due to the unbridgeable rifts opened by the civil war and threats from units of the victorious FLN Along with them fled most Algerians of Jewish descent and those Muslim Algerians who had supported a French Algeria harkis 30 150 000 pro French Muslims were also killed in Algeria by FLN in post war reprisals 2 French President Charles De Gaulle pronounced Algeria an independent country on 3 July 3 The decision was published in the official journal the following day 4 and Algerian leaders declared 5 July the anniversary of the French arrival in Algiers to be Independence Day 5 See also editPublic holidays in AlgeriaReferences edit Kimmelman Michael 5 March 2009 The New York Times Retrieved 2016 09 29 Alistair Horne A Savage War of Peace 1977 John Pike Algerian National Liberation 1954 1962 globalsecurity org Retrieved 2016 09 29 Declaration recognising Algeria s independence Paris 3 July 1962 CVCE Background Notes United States Department of State Office of Media Services p3External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Independence Day Algeria The Colonial System and Algerian NationalismPortals nbsp Africa nbsp History Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Independence Day Algeria amp oldid 1180884341, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
