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Avro 504

January 01, 1970

The Avro 504 was a First World War biplane aircraft made by the Avro aircraft company and under licence by others. Production during the war totalled 8,970 and continued for almost 20 years,[1] making it the most-produced aircraft of any kind that served in any military capacity during the First World War. More than 10,000 were built from 1913 until production ended in 1932.[3][4]

Avro 504
Role Trainer, Fighter, Bomber
Manufacturer Avro
First flight 18 September 1913[1]
Introduction 1913
Retired 1934
Primary users Royal Flying Corps
Royal Naval Air Service
Produced 1913–1932
Number built 11,303 including Japanese, Soviet and other foreign production[2]

Design and development edit

 
Technical drawing

First flown from Brooklands by Fred "Freddie" Raynham on 18 September 1913,[5] powered by an 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome Lambda seven-cylinder rotary engine, the Avro 504 was a development of the earlier Avro 500, designed for training and private flying. It was a two-bay all-wooden biplane with a square-section fuselage.

 
Avro 504K from the Shuttleworth Collection

Manufacturers edit

The following companies are recorded as manufacturing the Avro 504 under licence.[6][7]

Operational history edit

 
Foster-mounted Lewis gun on night fighter Avro 504K
 
"Flight Commander Smith flies for the Peace Loan" Queenslander Pictorial (1919)[8]

Small numbers of early aircraft were purchased by the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) prior to the start of the First World War, and were taken to France when the war started. One of the RFC aircraft was the first British aircraft to be shot down by the Germans, on 22 August 1914. The pilot was 2nd Lt. Vincent Waterfall and his navigator Lt Charles George Gordon Bayly (both of 5 Sqn RFC)[9][10] The RNAS used four 504s to form a special flight to bomb the Zeppelin works at Friedrichshafen on the shores of Lake Constance. Three set out from Belfort in north-eastern France on 21 November 1914, carrying four 20 lb (9 kg) bombs each. While one aircraft was shot down, the raid was successful, with several direct hits on the airship sheds and the destruction of the hydrogen generating plant.[11]

Soon obsolete as a frontline aircraft, it came into its own as a trainer, with thousands being built during the war, with the major production types being the 504J and the mass production 504K, designed with modified engine bearers to accommodate a range of engines to cope with engine shortages. 8,340 Avro 504s had been produced by the end of 1918.[12]

In the winter of 1917–18 it was decided to use converted 504Js and 504Ks to equip Home Defence squadrons of the RFC, replacing ageing B.E.2cs, which had poor altitude performance. These aircraft were modified as single-seaters, armed with a Lewis gun above the wing on a Foster mounting, and powered by 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome or 110 hp (82 kW) Le Rhône engines. 274 converted Avro 504Js and Ks were issued to eight home defence squadrons in 1918, with 226 still being used as fighters at the end of the First World War.[13]

Following the end of the war, while the type continued in service as the standard trainer of the RAF, large numbers of surplus aircraft were available for sale, both for civil and military use. More than 300 504Ks were placed on the civil register in Britain. Used for training, pleasure flying, banner towing and even barnstorming exhibitions (as was ongoing in North America following World War I with the similar-role, surplus Curtiss JN-4s and Standard J-1s); civil 504s continued flying in large numbers until well into the 1930s.

The embryonic air service of the Soviet Union, formed just after the First World War, used both original Avro 504s and their own Avrushka (" Little Avro") copy of it for primary training as the U-1 in the early 1920s, usually powered by Russian-made copies of the Gnome Monosoupape rotary engine. This Russian version of the 504 was replaced by what would become the most produced biplane in all of aviation history, the Polikarpov Po-2, first known as the U-2; the type remained in Soviet service till the late 1920s, and much later elsewhere.

Although Avro 504s sold to China were training versions, they participated in battles among warlords by acting as bombers with the pilot dropping hand grenades and modified mortar shells [citation needed].

The improved, redesigned and radial-engined 504N with a new undercarriage was produced by Avro in 1925. After evaluation of two prototypes, one powered by the Bristol Lucifer and the other by the Armstrong-Siddeley Lynx, the Lynx-powered aircraft was selected by the RAF to replace the 504K. 592 were built between 1925 and 1932, equipping the RAF's five flying training schools, while also being used as communication aircraft. The 504N was also exported to the armed forces of Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Denmark, Greece, Siam and South Africa, with licensed production taking place in Denmark, Belgium, Canada, Siam and Japan.

The RAF's 504Ns were finally replaced in 1933 by the Avro Tutor, with small numbers continuing in civilian use until 1940, when seven were impressed into RAF service, where they were used for target- and glider-towing.

The 504 was the first British aeroplane to strafe troops on the ground[14] as well as the first British aircraft to make a bombing raid over Germany.[1][15] It was also the first Allied aeroplane to be downed by enemy anti-aircraft fire and was the first aircraft flown by many future aces, including Billy Bishop.

The 504 is easily recognisable because of the single skid between the wheels, referred to as the "toothpick" in the RAF.[citation needed]

Variants edit

 
Early 504 with 80 horsepower Gnome Lambda engine
Original model
  • 504A:
Modified with smaller ailerons and broader struts. 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome engine.
  • 504B
Version for RNAS with larger fin. 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome or Le Rhône engine.
  • 504C
Single-seat anti-zeppelin aircraft for the RNAS. The 504C was fitted with an extra fuel tank, in place of the observer.
  • 504D
Single-seat anti-zeppelin aircraft for the Royal Flying Corps. Six built.
  • 504E
100 hp (75 kW) Gnome Monosoupape engine. Ten built.
  • 504F
75 hp (56 kW) Rolls-Royce Hawk engine. One built.
  • 504G
Two-seat weapons training variant of the Type 504B for the RNAS. The Avro 504G was intended as a bombing/gunnery trainer, with provision for a Scarff ring mounted on the upper longerons, though the final ten delivered had no provision for a gun. Fitted with one 80 hp Gnome powerplant. 50 built and delivered between June 1917 and January 1918. 30 built by Avro and 20 constructed by The Regent Carriage Company.
  • 504H
504C modified for catapult trials. 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome engine.
  • 504J
504A modified to mount a 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome engine.
 
This Avro 504K was the first aeroplane in Iceland, taken there in 1919
  • 504K
Two-seat training aircraft. The 504K had a universal mount to take different engines. Single-seat fighter (Comic) conversion used for anti-zeppelin work. Several were assembled in Australia by Australian Aircraft & Engineering.[16] 130 hp (97 kW) Clerget 9B, 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome Monosoupape or 110 hp (82 kW) Le Rhône 9J engines.
 
Qantas 504K Dyak (c. 1921)
  • 504K Mk.II
Hybrid trainer based on 504K fuselage with 504N undercarriage and wings and powered by rotary engine. Built under licence in Mexico as Avro Anahuac.[17]
  • 504L
Floatplane version. 150 hp (110 kW) Bentley BR1, 130 hp (97 kW) Clerget or 110 hp (82 kW) Le Rhône engines.
 
504L floatplane (1920)
  • 504M
Three-seat cabin biplane. Only one was ever built. 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome engine.
  • 504N
Two-seat training aircraft. Redesigned postwar trainer for RAF with 160 hp (120 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Lynx engine. 598 built.
 
504N left side view
  • 504O
Floatplane version of 504N. First aircraft to fly above the Arctic Circle in 1923 Oxford Expedition.
  • 504P
Unbuilt version of the 504N with side-by-side seating.[18]
  • 504Q
Three-seat cabin biplane. The 504Q was built for the Oxford University Arctic Expedition. Only one was ever built, powered by an Armstrong Siddeley Lynx engine.
  • 504R Gosport
Reworked trainer with revised, lightweight structure. Five prototypes flown 1926 to 1927 with various engines (100 hp/75 kW Gnome Monosoupape, 100 hp/75 kW) Avro Alpha, (140 hp/104 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major and (150 hp/110 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Mongoose), with the Mongoose chosen for production aircraft. Ten were sold to Argentina, with 100 more built by FMA under licence in Argentina. Twelve were exported to Estonia, remaining in service until 1940, and an unknown number to Peru.[19]
 
504R Gosport
  • 504S
Two-seat training aircraft. Built under licence in Japan by Nakajima.
  • 540
Observer training version of 504K for Japan.
  • 582
Experimental version of 504N, with new wings of RAF 30 aerofoil section, Frise ailerons on the bottom mainplanes, wing struts reduced to a "K" arrangement and a simplified undercarriage. Converted back to 504N standard in 1928 for Bristol Titan engine test bed.
  • 585
504R modified with 504N undercarriage and 90 hp (67 kW) Avro Alpha engine.
  • 598 Warregull
Two-seat trainer based on 504N for Australia, not built.
  • 599 Warregull II
Redesigned version of Type 598, not built.
  • Yokosuka K2Y1
Japanese version of the Avro 504N, given the long designation Yokosuka Navy Type 3 Primary Trainer, powered by a 130 hp (97 kW) Mitsubishi-built Armstrong Siddeley Mongoose radial piston engine, 104 built.
 
Yokosuka K2Y (1938)
  • Yokosuka K2Y2
Improved version of the K2Y1, powered by a 160 hp (120 kW) Gasuden Jimpu 2 radial piston engine. 360 built (K2Y1 and K2Y2).[20] Watanabe built aircraft were given the long designation Watanabe Navy Type 3-2 Land-based Primary Trainer.
  • U-1 (Uchebnyi – 1) Avrushka
Russian copy of the 504K. Over 700 built.[21][4]
  • MU-1 (Morskoy Uchebnyi – 1)[4]
Russian seaplane version.

Operators edit

  Argentina
  Australia
  Belgium
  • Belgian Air Force purchased 50 British-built 504Ks from 1920 to 1922, with a further 27 being built under license by SABCA[25] These were replaced by the 504N, 17 being built by Avro in 1929–31,[26] and 31 being built under license.[27]
  Bolivia
  Brazil
  Canada
  Chile
  China
  China-Nanjing
  Denmark
  Estonia
  Finland
  Greece
  Guatemala
  British India
  Iran
  Ireland
  Japan
  Latvia
  Federated Malay States
  Mexico
  Mongolia
  Netherlands
  New Zealand
  Norway
  Peru
  Poland
  Portugal
  Russian Empire
  South Africa
  Soviet Union
  • Soviet Air Force – With original British-built examples, and Soviet built U-1 Avrushka copy.
  Kingdom of Spain
  Sweden
   Switzerland
  Siam (Thailand)
  Turkey
  United Kingdom
  United States
  Uruguay

Surviving aircraft and replicas edit

Australia
 
Qantas Avro 504K replica with Sunbeam engine displayed at Qantas Domestic Terminal
 
Replica Avro 504K on display at RAAF Museum.
Canada
Finland
New Zealand
  • A202 – 504K airworthy at The Vintage Aviator in Masterton, Wellington. It was purchased by the New Zealand Permanent Air Force in 1925, and subsequently operated as a civilian aircraft.[39][40][41]
Norway
  • Unknown – 504K on static display at the Norwegian Aviation Museum in Bodø, Nordland. It was in service from July 1921 to 1928 and has been on display at the museum since 1995. It is painted with the registration number 103, which belonged to 504A that crashed in 1919.[42]
Russia
United Kingdom
  • BK892 – 504K airworthy at the Shuttleworth Collection in Old Warden, Bedfordshire. It was originally given the serial number H5199, but was converted to a 504N and sold into civilian ownership. However, it was later impressed into RAF service during World War II as a glider tug, at which point it was given a new serial number. Again returned to civilian use after the war, it was used in the filming of Reach for the Sky.[45][46][47]
  • D7560 – 504K on static display at the Science Museum in London.[48]
  • H2311 – 504K on static display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester.[49][50]
  • Composite – 504K on static display at the Royal Air Force Museum London in London. It is made up of the fuselage of G-EBJE and the wings of G-EBKN.[51][52]
  • Replica – 504K on static display at the Brooklands Museum in Weybridge, Surrey.[53] Marked as G-AACA, it was originally built as a taxiable replica for the 1970s BBC TV series 'Wings'; later acquired by the RAF Museum, Hendon and stored at RAF Henlow then loaned to Brooklands Museum c.1987. Later donated to Brooklands Museum, fitted with an original rotary engine and restored to represent one of two 504s used by the Brooklands School of Flying in the late 1920s and early 1930s.[citation needed]
  • Replica – 504J on static display at Solent Sky in Southampton, Hampshire.[54] It is marked as C4451 and was built by ADJ, BAPC No 210.[citation needed]
  • Replica-504K built by Pursang in Argentina in 2010, bought by Eric Vernon-Roe, grandson of Alliot Vernon-Roe, founder of Avro, and then to the UK. Registered as G-EROE, it displays with the Great War Display Team.
United States

Specifications (Avro 504K) edit

 
Dimensioned drawing of Russian Avro 504K copy known as Avrushka (Little Avro) U-1/MU-1 (reverse engineered by Sergey Ilyushin c. 1923)

Data from The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft,[61] and Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I[62]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 29 ft 5 in (8.97 m)
  • Wingspan: 36 ft 0 in (10.97 m)
  • Height: 10 ft 5 in (3.18 m)
  • Wing area: 330 sq ft (31 m2)
  • Empty weight: 1,231 lb (558 kg)
  • Gross weight: 1,829 lb (830 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 25.5 imp gal (31 US gal; 116 L) fuel ; 6 imp gal (7 US gal; 27 L) castor oil
  • Powerplant: 1 × Le Rhône 9J 9-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 110 hp (82 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed Avro fixed-pitch wooden propeller, 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m) diameter 8 ft 8 in (2.6 m) pitch

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 95 mph (153 km/h, 83 kn) at sea level
87 mph (76 kn; 140 km/h) at 8,000 ft (2,400 m)
85 mph (74 kn; 137 km/h) at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
  • Cruise speed: 74 mph (119 km/h, 64 kn) at 75% power at 8,000 ft (2,400 m)
71 mph (62 kn; 114 km/h) at 75% power at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
  • Stall speed: 40 mph (64 km/h, 35 kn)
  • Range: 250 mi (400 km, 220 nmi)
  • Endurance:
  • 2 hours at sea level at maximum speed
  • 2 hours 8 minutes at 8,000 ft (2,400 m) at maximum speed
  • 3 hours at 10,000 ft (3,000 m) at maximum speed
  • 3 hours 42 minutes at 8,000 ft (2,400 m) at cruise speed
  • 4 hours 15 minutes at 10,000 ft (3,000 m) at cruise speed
  • Service ceiling: 16,000 ft (4,900 m)
  • Rate of climb: 700 ft/min (3.6 m/s)
  • Time to altitude:
  • 3,500 ft (1,100 m) in 5 minutes
  • 8,000 ft (2,400 m) in 10 minutes
  • 10,000 ft (3,000 m) in 16 minutes
  • Wing loading: 5.54 lb/sq ft (27.0 kg/m2)
  • Power/mass: 0.06 hp/lb (0.099 kW/kg)

Armament
1 fixed .303 Lewis atop upper wing (single-seat night fighter variants)

Notable appearances in media edit

Main article: Aircraft in fiction § Avro 504

See also edit

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ The 504 is listed in several sources as having been used by the Argentine Air Force. This is because its predecessor, the Army Aviation Service, was established in 1912 and dissolved in 1945 when the Air Force was created.

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c Holmes, 2005. p 23.
  2. ^ "Avro 504". britishaviation-ptp.com. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  3. ^ "Avro 504 (Foreign Derivatives)". britishaviation-ptp.com. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  4. ^ a b c "Avro 504J & Avro 504K". BAE Systems | International. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  5. ^ Jackson 1990, p.52.
  6. ^ Flight 1954 p87
  7. ^ Gregorie, Martin C. "The Avro 504K". Martin Gregorie's Home Page. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  8. ^ "Peace Loan Aeroplane crashes in Gympie (1919) | State Library Of Queensland". www.slq.qld.gov.au. 18 September 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  9. ^ "Casualty Details:Vincent Waterfall". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  10. ^ Jackson 1990, p.56.
  11. ^ Mason 1994, p.21.
  12. ^ Bruce 16 July 1954, p.87.
  13. ^ Mason 1992, p.127.
  14. ^ Bruce 9 July 1954, p.43.
  15. ^ Lindqvist, Sven (2001). A history of bombing. New York: New Press. ISBN 1-56584-625-7. OCLC 44794868.
  16. ^ a b Wilson, Stewart (1994). Military Aircraft of Australia. Weston Creek, Australia: Aerospace Publications. p. 216. ISBN 1875671080.
  17. ^ Jackson 1990, p.105.
  18. ^ Jackson 1990, p.127.
  19. ^ Jackson 1990, p. 129-133.
  20. ^ Mikesh and Abe 1990, p. 276.
  21. ^ Jackson 1990, p. 104.
  22. ^ (PDF). ole-nikolajsen.com. Copenhagen. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  23. ^ Magnusson 2007, p. 155
  24. ^ Ay, Carlos (15 August 2013). "Catálogo Ilustrado de Aeronaves de la Fuerza Aérea Argentina". Gaceta Aeronautica (in Spanish).
  25. ^ Jackson 1990, p.88.
  26. ^ Jackson 1990, p.123.
  27. ^ Jackson 1990, p.124.
  28. ^ Morgała, Andrzej (1997). Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1918–1924 [Military aircraft in Poland 1918–1924] (in Polish). Warsaw: Lampart. p. 118. ISBN 83-86776-34-X.
  29. ^ Garlicki, Jarosław (2001). Historia lotnictwa wojskowego Królestwa Tajlandii w latach 1912 – 1945. Część 2. "Militaria i Fakty". 1-2/2001, p. 34-35 (in Polish)
  30. ^ , archived from the original on 25 January 2012, retrieved 30 August 2012
  31. ^ "Avro 504K two-seat biplane elementary trainer : A3-4". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  32. ^ "Qantas Founders Museum Aircraft Collection". Qantas Founders Museum. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  33. ^ "Avro 504K E3747". RAAF Museum. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  34. ^ "AVRO 504K (G-CYFG)". Canada Aviation and Space Museum. Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  35. ^ a b c Hine, Colin (August 2013). "Canada Aviation and Space Museum Aircraft: Avro 504K RCAF Registrations: G-CYFG & G-CYCK" (PDF). Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  36. ^ . Canada Aviation and Space Museum. Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  37. ^ "KUVIA BREGUET-PROJEKTISTA". Suomen Ilmavoimamuseo (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  38. ^ "Avro 504K". Ilmailumuseot.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  39. ^ "Aircraft ZK-ACU Data". Airport-Data.com. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  40. ^ "Airframe Dossier – Avro 504K, c/r ZK-ACU". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  41. ^ Prince, Ivan; Cowan, Brendan (6 December 2013). "RNZAF Avro 504K 201 to 206 & RAF Serials". NZDF Serials. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  42. ^ . Norsk Luftfartsmuseum. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  43. ^ . Military Aviation Museum. Military Aviation Museum. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  44. ^ "FAA REGISTRY [N504K]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  45. ^ "AVRO 504K". Shuttleworth. Shuttleworth. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  46. ^ "Airframe Dossier – Avro 504K, s/n BK892 RAF, c/n R3/LE/61400, c/r G-ADEV". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  47. ^ "GINFO Search Results [G-ADEV]". Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  48. ^ . Science Museum. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  49. ^ "Avro 504K Plane". Science Museum. Retrieved 23 May 2017.[permanent dead link]
  50. ^ "Airframe Dossier – Avro504, s/n H2311 RAF, c/n H2311, c/r G-ABAA". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  51. ^ "Avro 504K". Royal Air Force Museum. Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  52. ^ Simpson, Andrew (2014). "INDIVIDUAL HISTORY [E449]" (PDF). Royal Air Force Museum. Royal Air Force Museum. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  53. ^ "Avro 504K (replica)". Brooklands Museum. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  54. ^ "Our Exhibits". Solent Sky. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  55. ^ Von Reuter, Jennifer (22 September 2009). . NBC29.com. Frankly Media. Archived from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  56. ^ Gaertner, John, "Building The Avro 504... A 25 Year Dream", WW1 Aero
  57. ^ McCullough, Patrick; Haggerty, Tim. "World War I (1914–1918)". Cole Palen's Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome. Rhinebeck Aerodrome Museum. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  58. ^ "FAA REGISTRY [N4929]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  59. ^ Air Progress: 20. September 1971. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  60. ^ "Avro 504K". National Museum of the US Air Force. 7 April 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  61. ^ Donald, David (1997). The encyclopedia of world aircraft (Updated ed.). Ottawa: Prospero Books. p. 77. ISBN 9781856053754.
  62. ^ John W.R. Taylor (1990). "forward". Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I. By Whittaker, W. E. De. B. New York, N.Y.: Military Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0517033760.

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  • Bruce, J. M. (9 July 1954). "The Avro 504: Historic Military Aircraft No. 8, Part I" (pdf). Flight. pp. 41–44.
  • Bruce, J. M. (16 July 1954). "The Avro 504: Historic Military Aircraft No. 8, Part II" (pdf). Flight. pp. 83–88.
  • Bruce, J. M. (1965). Warplanes of the First World War – Fighter, Volume One, Great Britain. London: Macdonald.
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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Avro 504.
  • Argentine AVRO 504 (Spanish)
  • Avro 504 site
  • YouTube Video of Old Rhinebeck's Avro 504 reproduction in flight
  • Avro 504 in Greek service

January 01, 1970
avro, first, world, biplane, aircraft, made, avro, aircraft, company, under, licence, others, production, during, totalled, continued, almost, years, making, most, produced, aircraft, kind, that, served, military, capacity, during, first, world, more, than, we. The Avro 504 was a First World War biplane aircraft made by the Avro aircraft company and under licence by others Production during the war totalled 8 970 and continued for almost 20 years 1 making it the most produced aircraft of any kind that served in any military capacity during the First World War More than 10 000 were built from 1913 until production ended in 1932 3 4 Avro 504 Role Trainer Fighter Bomber Manufacturer Avro First flight 18 September 1913 1 Introduction 1913 Retired 1934 Primary users Royal Flying CorpsRoyal Naval Air Service Produced 1913 1932 Number built 11 303 including Japanese Soviet and other foreign production 2 Contents 1 Design and development 1 1 Manufacturers 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 Surviving aircraft and replicas 6 Specifications Avro 504K 7 Notable appearances in media 8 See also 9 Footnotes 10 Notes 11 Bibliography 12 External linksDesign and development edit nbsp Technical drawing First flown from Brooklands by Fred Freddie Raynham on 18 September 1913 5 powered by an 80 hp 60 kW Gnome Lambda seven cylinder rotary engine the Avro 504 was a development of the earlier Avro 500 designed for training and private flying It was a two bay all wooden biplane with a square section fuselage nbsp Avro 504K from the Shuttleworth Collection Manufacturers edit The following companies are recorded as manufacturing the Avro 504 under licence 6 7 A V Roe and Co Ltd Park Works Newton Heath Manchester and at Hamble Aerodrome near Southampton Hants Australian Aircraft and Engineering Sydney NSW Australia Bleriot and SPAD Aircraft Works Addlestone The Brush Electrical Engineering Co Ltd Loughborough Canadian Aeroplanes Ltd Toronto Ontario Canada The Eastbourne Aviation Co Ltd Eastbourne Aero Historic Parana Argentina Fabrica Militar de Aviones Cordoba Argentina Frederick Sage and Co Ltd Peterborough and London The Grahame White Aviation Co Ltd Hendon Aerodrome London Harland and Wolff Ltd Belfast The Henderson Scottish Aviation Factory Aberdeen Hewlett and Blondeau Ltd Luton Humber Limited Coventry Morgan and Co Leighton Buzzard Nakajima Hikoki Seisaku Sho Ohta Machi Tokyo Japan Parnall amp Sons Bristol Regent Carriage Fulham S E Saunders Ltd East Cowes Isle of Wight Savages Ltd King s Lynn Societe Anonyme Belge de Constructions Aeronautiques Haren Brussels Belgium The Sunbeam Motor Car Co Ltd Wolverhampton TNCA Balbuena field in Mexico City Yokosuka Naval Arsenal JapanOperational history edit nbsp Foster mounted Lewis gun on night fighter Avro 504K nbsp Flight Commander Smith flies for the Peace Loan Queenslander Pictorial 1919 8 Small numbers of early aircraft were purchased by the Royal Flying Corps RFC and the Royal Naval Air Service RNAS prior to the start of the First World War and were taken to France when the war started One of the RFC aircraft was the first British aircraft to be shot down by the Germans on 22 August 1914 The pilot was 2nd Lt Vincent Waterfall and his navigator Lt Charles George Gordon Bayly both of 5 Sqn RFC 9 10 The RNAS used four 504s to form a special flight to bomb the Zeppelin works at Friedrichshafen on the shores of Lake Constance Three set out from Belfort in north eastern France on 21 November 1914 carrying four 20 lb 9 kg bombs each While one aircraft was shot down the raid was successful with several direct hits on the airship sheds and the destruction of the hydrogen generating plant 11 Soon obsolete as a frontline aircraft it came into its own as a trainer with thousands being built during the war with the major production types being the 504J and the mass production 504K designed with modified engine bearers to accommodate a range of engines to cope with engine shortages 8 340 Avro 504s had been produced by the end of 1918 12 In the winter of 1917 18 it was decided to use converted 504Js and 504Ks to equip Home Defence squadrons of the RFC replacing ageing B E 2cs which had poor altitude performance These aircraft were modified as single seaters armed with a Lewis gun above the wing on a Foster mounting and powered by 100 hp 75 kW Gnome or 110 hp 82 kW Le Rhone engines 274 converted Avro 504Js and Ks were issued to eight home defence squadrons in 1918 with 226 still being used as fighters at the end of the First World War 13 Following the end of the war while the type continued in service as the standard trainer of the RAF large numbers of surplus aircraft were available for sale both for civil and military use More than 300 504Ks were placed on the civil register in Britain Used for training pleasure flying banner towing and even barnstorming exhibitions as was ongoing in North America following World War I with the similar role surplus Curtiss JN 4s and Standard J 1s civil 504s continued flying in large numbers until well into the 1930s The embryonic air service of the Soviet Union formed just after the First World War used both original Avro 504s and their own Avrushka Little Avro copy of it for primary training as the U 1 in the early 1920s usually powered by Russian made copies of the Gnome Monosoupape rotary engine This Russian version of the 504 was replaced by what would become the most produced biplane in all of aviation history the Polikarpov Po 2 first known as the U 2 the type remained in Soviet service till the late 1920s and much later elsewhere Although Avro 504s sold to China were training versions they participated in battles among warlords by acting as bombers with the pilot dropping hand grenades and modified mortar shells citation needed The improved redesigned and radial engined 504N with a new undercarriage was produced by Avro in 1925 After evaluation of two prototypes one powered by the Bristol Lucifer and the other by the Armstrong Siddeley Lynx the Lynx powered aircraft was selected by the RAF to replace the 504K 592 were built between 1925 and 1932 equipping the RAF s five flying training schools while also being used as communication aircraft The 504N was also exported to the armed forces of Belgium Brazil Chile Denmark Greece Siam and South Africa with licensed production taking place in Denmark Belgium Canada Siam and Japan The RAF s 504Ns were finally replaced in 1933 by the Avro Tutor with small numbers continuing in civilian use until 1940 when seven were impressed into RAF service where they were used for target and glider towing The 504 was the first British aeroplane to strafe troops on the ground 14 as well as the first British aircraft to make a bombing raid over Germany 1 15 It was also the first Allied aeroplane to be downed by enemy anti aircraft fire and was the first aircraft flown by many future aces including Billy Bishop The 504 is easily recognisable because of the single skid between the wheels referred to as the toothpick in the RAF citation needed Variants edit nbsp Early 504 with 80 horsepower Gnome Lambda engine 504 80 hp 60 kW Gnome Lambda engine Original model 504A Modified with smaller ailerons and broader struts 80 hp 60 kW Gnome engine 504B Version for RNAS with larger fin 80 hp 60 kW Gnome or Le Rhone engine 504C Single seat anti zeppelin aircraft for the RNAS The 504C was fitted with an extra fuel tank in place of the observer 504D Single seat anti zeppelin aircraft for the Royal Flying Corps Six built 504E 100 hp 75 kW Gnome Monosoupape engine Ten built 504F 75 hp 56 kW Rolls Royce Hawk engine One built 504G Two seat weapons training variant of the Type 504B for the RNAS The Avro 504G was intended as a bombing gunnery trainer with provision for a Scarff ring mounted on the upper longerons though the final ten delivered had no provision for a gun Fitted with one 80 hp Gnome powerplant 50 built and delivered between June 1917 and January 1918 30 built by Avro and 20 constructed by The Regent Carriage Company 504H 504C modified for catapult trials 80 hp 60 kW Gnome engine 504J 504A modified to mount a 100 hp 75 kW Gnome engine nbsp This Avro 504K was the first aeroplane in Iceland taken there in 1919 504K Two seat training aircraft The 504K had a universal mount to take different engines Single seat fighter Comic conversion used for anti zeppelin work Several were assembled in Australia by Australian Aircraft amp Engineering 16 130 hp 97 kW Clerget 9B 100 hp 75 kW Gnome Monosoupape or 110 hp 82 kW Le Rhone 9J engines nbsp Qantas 504K Dyak c 1921 504K Mk II Hybrid trainer based on 504K fuselage with 504N undercarriage and wings and powered by rotary engine Built under licence in Mexico as Avro Anahuac 17 504L Floatplane version 150 hp 110 kW Bentley BR1 130 hp 97 kW Clerget or 110 hp 82 kW Le Rhone engines nbsp 504L floatplane 1920 504M Three seat cabin biplane Only one was ever built 100 hp 75 kW Gnome engine 504N Two seat training aircraft Redesigned postwar trainer for RAF with 160 hp 120 kW Armstrong Siddeley Lynx engine 598 built nbsp 504N left side view 504O Floatplane version of 504N First aircraft to fly above the Arctic Circle in 1923 Oxford Expedition 504P Unbuilt version of the 504N with side by side seating 18 504Q Three seat cabin biplane The 504Q was built for the Oxford University Arctic Expedition Only one was ever built powered by an Armstrong Siddeley Lynx engine 504R Gosport Reworked trainer with revised lightweight structure Five prototypes flown 1926 to 1927 with various engines 100 hp 75 kW Gnome Monosoupape 100 hp 75 kW Avro Alpha 140 hp 104 kW Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major and 150 hp 110 kW Armstrong Siddeley Mongoose with the Mongoose chosen for production aircraft Ten were sold to Argentina with 100 more built by FMA under licence in Argentina Twelve were exported to Estonia remaining in service until 1940 and an unknown number to Peru 19 nbsp 504R Gosport 504S Two seat training aircraft Built under licence in Japan by Nakajima 540 Observer training version of 504K for Japan 582 Experimental version of 504N with new wings of RAF 30 aerofoil section Frise ailerons on the bottom mainplanes wing struts reduced to a K arrangement and a simplified undercarriage Converted back to 504N standard in 1928 for Bristol Titan engine test bed 585 504R modified with 504N undercarriage and 90 hp 67 kW Avro Alpha engine 598 Warregull Two seat trainer based on 504N for Australia not built 599 Warregull II Redesigned version of Type 598 not built Yokosuka K2Y1 Japanese version of the Avro 504N given the long designation Yokosuka Navy Type 3 Primary Trainer powered by a 130 hp 97 kW Mitsubishi built Armstrong Siddeley Mongoose radial piston engine 104 built nbsp Yokosuka K2Y 1938 Yokosuka K2Y2 Improved version of the K2Y1 powered by a 160 hp 120 kW Gasuden Jimpu 2 radial piston engine 360 built K2Y1 and K2Y2 20 Watanabe built aircraft were given the long designation Watanabe Navy Type 3 2 Land based Primary Trainer U 1 Uchebnyi 1 Avrushka Russian copy of the 504K Over 700 built 21 4 MU 1 Morskoy Uchebnyi 1 4 Russian seaplane version Orlogsvaerftet Flyvemaskinevaerksted LB I Danish production at the Royal Naval Dockyard Orlogsvaerftet 22 Operators edit nbsp Argentina Argentine Army Aviation Service purchased 10 directly from Avro with a further 34 license built by FMA from 1928 to 1937 In service until 1938 23 24 n 1 nbsp Australia Australian Flying Corps No 5 Training Squadron in the United Kingdom No 6 Training Squadron in the United Kingdom No 7 Training Squadron in the United Kingdom No 8 Training Squadron in the United Kingdom Central Flying School AFC at Point Cook Victoria Royal Australian Air Force No 1 Flying Training School RAAF at Point Cook 16 Western Australian Airways Qantas Queensland And Northern Territory Aerial Service nbsp Belgium Belgian Air Force purchased 50 British built 504Ks from 1920 to 1922 with a further 27 being built under license by SABCA 25 These were replaced by the 504N 17 being built by Avro in 1929 31 26 and 31 being built under license 27 nbsp Bolivia Bolivian Air Force 11 Avro 504R Gosport nbsp Brazil Brazilian Air Force Brazilian Naval Aviation nbsp Canada Royal Canadian Air Force nbsp Chile Chilean Air Force Chilean Navy nbsp China Republic of China Air Force nbsp China Nanjing Reorganized Republic of China Air Force operated at least one in the trainer role nbsp Denmark Royal Danish Air Force Royal Danish Navy nbsp Estonia Estonian Air Force nbsp Finland Finnish Air Force nbsp Greece Hellenic Air Force Hellenic Navy nbsp Guatemala Guatemalan Air Force nbsp British India nbsp Iran Imperial Iranian Air Force nbsp Ireland Irish Air Service Irish Air Corps nbsp Japan Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service nbsp Latvia Latvian Air Force Aizsargi nbsp Federated Malay States nbsp Mexico Mexican Air Force Models made in Mexico were called Avro Anahuac nbsp Mongolia Mongolian People s Army Air Corps nbsp Netherlands Dutch Army Aviation Group Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force nbsp New Zealand New Zealand Permanent Air Force nbsp Norway Norwegian Army Air Service nbsp Peru Peruvian Air Force nbsp Poland Polish Air Force 1 Avro 504K captured from the Soviets in 1920 28 nbsp Portugal Portuguese Air Force Portuguese Navy nbsp Russian Empire Imperial Russian Air Service nbsp South Africa South African Air Force nbsp Soviet Union Soviet Air Force With original British built examples and Soviet built U 1 Avrushka copy nbsp Kingdom of Spain Spanish Navy Spanish Republican Navy nbsp Sweden Swedish Air Force Swedish Navy nbsp Switzerland Swiss Air Force nbsp Siam Thailand Royal Siamese Air Force 40 Avro 504N at least 29 Royal Thai Navy 30 nbsp Turkey Turkish Air Force Two aircraft nbsp United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps Royal Air Force Royal Naval Air Service nbsp United States American Expeditionary Force United States Army Air Service nbsp Uruguay Uruguayan Air ForceSurviving aircraft and replicas editAustralia nbsp Qantas Avro 504K replica with Sunbeam engine displayed at Qantas Domestic Terminal nbsp Replica Avro 504K on display at RAAF Museum A3 4 504K on static display at the Australian War Memorial in Campbell Australian Capital Territory It was initially given the serial number H2174 before being sent to Australia in 1918 19 It was donated to the memorial in August 1929 It was loaned to Qantas in 1965 and restored to resemble the first Qantas aircraft It was restored to original condition and returned to the Australian War Memorial in 1987 31 Replica 504K on static display at the Qantas Founders Outback Museum in Longreach Queensland 32 Built in 1988 it is marked as G AUBG and represents the first Qantas Avro 504K citation needed Replica 504K on static display at the Sydney Airport in Sydney Built in 1988 it is marked as G AUBG and represents the first Qantas Avro 504K citation needed Replica 504K on static display at the RAAF Museum in Point Cook Victoria It uses an original engine fittings and instruments and is marked as E3747 33 Canada H2453 504K on static display at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa Ontario It was previously registered as G CYFG and before that owned by Cole Palen 34 35 Replica 504K on static display at the Base Borden Military Museum at CFB Borden near Angus Ontario It is on loan from the Canada Aviation and Space Museum was previously registered as G CYCK and before that was owned by J S Appleby 36 35 Finland AV 57 504K in storage at the Finnish Airforce Museum in Tikkakoski Jyvaskyla 37 38 New Zealand A202 504K airworthy at The Vintage Aviator in Masterton Wellington It was purchased by the New Zealand Permanent Air Force in 1925 and subsequently operated as a civilian aircraft 39 40 41 Norway Unknown 504K on static display at the Norwegian Aviation Museum in Bodo Nordland It was in service from July 1921 to 1928 and has been on display at the museum since 1995 It is painted with the registration number 103 which belonged to 504A that crashed in 1919 42 Russia Replica 504K airworthy in Russia It was previously on display at the Military Aviation Museum in Virginia Beach Virginia 43 44 It has been given the serial number H5991 and is painted in Royal Flying Corps colors citation needed United Kingdom BK892 504K airworthy at the Shuttleworth Collection in Old Warden Bedfordshire It was originally given the serial number H5199 but was converted to a 504N and sold into civilian ownership However it was later impressed into RAF service during World War II as a glider tug at which point it was given a new serial number Again returned to civilian use after the war it was used in the filming of Reach for the Sky 45 46 47 D7560 504K on static display at the Science Museum in London 48 H2311 504K on static display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester 49 50 Composite 504K on static display at the Royal Air Force Museum London in London It is made up of the fuselage of G EBJE and the wings of G EBKN 51 52 Replica 504K on static display at the Brooklands Museum in Weybridge Surrey 53 Marked as G AACA it was originally built as a taxiable replica for the 1970s BBC TV series Wings later acquired by the RAF Museum Hendon and stored at RAF Henlow then loaned to Brooklands Museum c 1987 Later donated to Brooklands Museum fitted with an original rotary engine and restored to represent one of two 504s used by the Brooklands School of Flying in the late 1920s and early 1930s citation needed Replica 504J on static display at Solent Sky in Southampton Hampshire 54 It is marked as C4451 and was built by ADJ BAPC No 210 citation needed Replica 504K built by Pursang in Argentina in 2010 bought by Eric Vernon Roe grandson of Alliot Vernon Roe founder of Avro and then to the UK Registered as G EROE it displays with the Great War Display Team United States A201 504 under restoration at Blue Swallow Aircraft in Earlysville Virginia citation needed Replica 504 under construction at Blue Swallow Aircraft in Earlysville Virginia 55 56 Replica 504K undergoing work to airworthy at the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome in Red Hook New York 57 58 It has been flying since 1971 59 Replica 504K on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton Ohio It was built in 1966 1967 by the Royal Canadian Air Force s Aircraft Maintenance amp Development Unit and arrived at the museum in May 2003 It was previously registered as G CYEI 60 35 Specifications Avro 504K edit nbsp Dimensioned drawing of Russian Avro 504K copy known as Avrushka Little Avro U 1 MU 1 reverse engineered by Sergey Ilyushin c 1923 Data from The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft 61 and Jane s Fighting Aircraft of World War I 62 General characteristicsCrew 2 Length 29 ft 5 in 8 97 m Wingspan 36 ft 0 in 10 97 m Height 10 ft 5 in 3 18 m Wing area 330 sq ft 31 m2 Empty weight 1 231 lb 558 kg Gross weight 1 829 lb 830 kg Fuel capacity 25 5 imp gal 31 US gal 116 L fuel 6 imp gal 7 US gal 27 L castor oil Powerplant 1 Le Rhone 9J 9 cylinder air cooled rotary piston engine 110 hp 82 kW Propellers 2 bladed Avro fixed pitch wooden propeller 9 ft 0 in 2 74 m diameter 8 ft 8 in 2 6 m pitch Performance Maximum speed 95 mph 153 km h 83 kn at sea level 87 mph 76 kn 140 km h at 8 000 ft 2 400 m 85 mph 74 kn 137 km h at 10 000 ft 3 000 m dd dd dd Cruise speed 74 mph 119 km h 64 kn at 75 power at 8 000 ft 2 400 m 71 mph 62 kn 114 km h at 75 power at 10 000 ft 3 000 m dd dd dd Stall speed 40 mph 64 km h 35 kn Range 250 mi 400 km 220 nmi Endurance 2 hours at sea level at maximum speed 2 hours 8 minutes at 8 000 ft 2 400 m at maximum speed 3 hours at 10 000 ft 3 000 m at maximum speed 3 hours 42 minutes at 8 000 ft 2 400 m at cruise speed 4 hours 15 minutes at 10 000 ft 3 000 m at cruise speed Service ceiling 16 000 ft 4 900 m Rate of climb 700 ft min 3 6 m s Time to altitude 3 500 ft 1 100 m in 5 minutes 8 000 ft 2 400 m in 10 minutes 10 000 ft 3 000 m in 16 minutes Wing loading 5 54 lb sq ft 27 0 kg m2 Power mass 0 06 hp lb 0 099 kW kg Armament 1 fixed 303 Lewis atop upper wing single seat night fighter variants Notable appearances in media editMain article Aircraft in fiction Avro 504See also editGerman language page on the Soviet produced U 1 Avrushka Sempill Mission nbsp Aviation portal Related development La Cierva C 6 Aircraft of comparable role configuration and era Curtiss JN 4 Polikarpov U 2 the Soviet U 1 Avrushka s replacement late 1920s Standard J Related lists List of interwar military aircraft List of aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force List of aircraft of the Spanish Republican Air ForceFootnotes edit The 504 is listed in several sources as having been used by the Argentine Air Force This is because its predecessor the Army Aviation Service was established in 1912 and dissolved in 1945 when the Air Force was created Notes edit a b c Holmes 2005 p 23 Avro 504 britishaviation ptp com Retrieved 23 January 2019 Avro 504 Foreign Derivatives britishaviation ptp com Retrieved 23 January 2019 a b c Avro 504J amp Avro 504K BAE Systems International Retrieved 17 November 2022 Jackson 1990 p 52 Flight 1954 p87 Gregorie Martin C The Avro 504K Martin Gregorie s Home Page Retrieved 16 July 2021 Peace Loan Aeroplane crashes in Gympie 1919 State Library Of Queensland www slq qld gov au 18 September 2017 Retrieved 17 November 2022 Casualty Details Vincent Waterfall Commonwealth War Graves Commission Retrieved 10 January 2010 Jackson 1990 p 56 Mason 1994 p 21 Bruce 16 July 1954 p 87 Mason 1992 p 127 Bruce 9 July 1954 p 43 Lindqvist Sven 2001 A history of bombing New York New Press ISBN 1 56584 625 7 OCLC 44794868 a b Wilson Stewart 1994 Military Aircraft of Australia Weston Creek Australia Aerospace Publications p 216 ISBN 1875671080 Jackson 1990 p 105 Jackson 1990 p 127 Jackson 1990 p 129 133 Mikesh and Abe 1990 p 276 Jackson 1990 p 104 DANISH AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURE PDF ole nikolajsen com Copenhagen Archived from the original PDF on 15 August 2021 Retrieved 29 December 2018 Magnusson 2007 p 155 Ay Carlos 15 August 2013 Catalogo Ilustrado de Aeronaves de la Fuerza Aerea Argentina Gaceta Aeronautica in Spanish Jackson 1990 p 88 Jackson 1990 p 123 Jackson 1990 p 124 Morgala Andrzej 1997 Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1918 1924 Military aircraft in Poland 1918 1924 in Polish Warsaw Lampart p 118 ISBN 83 86776 34 X Garlicki Jaroslaw 2001 Historia lotnictwa wojskowego Krolestwa Tajlandii w latach 1912 1945 Czesc 2 Militaria i Fakty 1 2 2001 p 34 35 in Polish World Air Forces Historical Listings Thailand THL archived from the original on 25 January 2012 retrieved 30 August 2012 Avro 504K two seat biplane elementary trainer A3 4 Australian War Memorial Retrieved 23 May 2017 Qantas Founders Museum Aircraft Collection Qantas Founders Museum Retrieved 16 July 2021 Avro 504K E3747 RAAF Museum Retrieved 16 July 2021 AVRO 504K G CYFG Canada Aviation and Space Museum Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation Retrieved 23 May 2017 a b c Hine Colin August 2013 Canada Aviation and Space Museum Aircraft Avro 504K RCAF Registrations G CYFG amp G CYCK PDF Retrieved 23 May 2017 AVRO 504K G CYCK Canada Aviation and Space Museum Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation Archived from the original on 7 January 2017 Retrieved 23 May 2017 KUVIA BREGUET PROJEKTISTA Suomen Ilmavoimamuseo in Finnish Retrieved 23 May 2017 Avro 504K Ilmailumuseot fi in Finnish Retrieved 23 May 2017 Aircraft ZK ACU Data Airport Data com Retrieved 16 July 2021 Airframe Dossier Avro 504K c r ZK ACU Aerial Visuals Retrieved 16 July 2021 Prince Ivan Cowan Brendan 6 December 2013 RNZAF Avro 504K 201 to 206 amp RAF Serials NZDF Serials Retrieved 16 July 2021 Avro 504 Norsk Luftfartsmuseum Archived from the original on 19 August 2016 Retrieved 23 May 2017 WWI Aircraft Military Aviation Museum Military Aviation Museum Archived from the original on 2 October 2016 Retrieved 23 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N504K Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 23 May 2017 AVRO 504K Shuttleworth Shuttleworth Retrieved 23 May 2017 Airframe Dossier Avro 504K s n BK892 RAF c n R3 LE 61400 c r G ADEV Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 23 May 2017 GINFO Search Results G ADEV Civil Aviation Authority Retrieved 23 May 2017 Avro 504K biplane D7560 with 130hp Clerget engine c 1917 Science Museum Archived from the original on 3 July 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2017 Avro 504K Plane Science Museum Retrieved 23 May 2017 permanent dead link Airframe Dossier Avro504 s n H2311 RAF c n H2311 c r G ABAA Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 23 May 2017 Avro 504K Royal Air Force Museum Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum Retrieved 23 May 2017 Simpson Andrew 2014 INDIVIDUAL HISTORY E449 PDF Royal Air Force Museum Royal Air Force Museum Retrieved 23 May 2017 Avro 504K replica Brooklands Museum Retrieved 16 July 2021 Our Exhibits Solent Sky Retrieved 16 July 2021 Von Reuter Jennifer 22 September 2009 Company Making Antique Airplanes NBC29 com Frankly Media Archived from the original on 18 August 2018 Retrieved 24 May 2017 Gaertner John Building The Avro 504 A 25 Year Dream WW1 Aero McCullough Patrick Haggerty Tim World War I 1914 1918 Cole Palen s Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome Rhinebeck Aerodrome Museum Retrieved 23 May 2017 FAA REGISTRY N4929 Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 23 May 2017 Air Progress 20 September 1971 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Missing or empty title help Avro 504K National Museum of the US Air Force 7 April 2015 Retrieved 23 May 2017 Donald David 1997 The encyclopedia of world aircraft Updated ed Ottawa Prospero Books p 77 ISBN 9781856053754 John W R Taylor 1990 forward Jane s Fighting Aircraft of World War I By Whittaker W E De B New York N Y Military Press pp 50 51 ISBN 978 0517033760 Bibliography editAndersson Lennart July 1998 Histoire de l aeronautique persane 1921 1941 La premiere aviation du Chah d Iran History of the Persian Air Force 1921 1941 The First Aircraft of the Shah of Iran Avions Toute l aeronautique et son histoire in French No 76 pp 2 12 ISSN 1243 8650 Bruce J M 9 July 1954 The Avro 504 Historic Military Aircraft No 8 Part I pdf Flight pp 41 44 Bruce J M 16 July 1954 The Avro 504 Historic Military Aircraft No 8 Part II pdf Flight pp 83 88 Bruce J M 1965 Warplanes of the First World War Fighter Volume One Great Britain London Macdonald Donald David ed 1997 The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft Aerospace Publishing ISBN 1 85605 375 X Gerdessen Frederik April July 1982 Estonian Air Power 1918 1945 Air Enthusiast No 18 pp 61 76 ISSN 0143 5450 Holmes Tony 2005 Jane s Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide London Harper Collins ISBN 0 00 719292 4 Jackson A J 1990 1965 Avro Aircraft since 1908 Second ed London Putnam ISBN 0 85177 834 8 Klaauw Bart van der March April 1999 Unexpected Windfalls Accidentally or Deliberately More than 100 Aircraft arrived in Dutch Territory During the Great War Air Enthusiast No 80 pp 54 59 ISSN 0143 5450 Lopes Mario C November 1999 Les avions Avro au Portugal des inconnu aux plus celebres Portuguese Avro Aircraft From the Unknown to the Most Famous Avions in French No 80 pp 36 41 ISSN 1243 8650 Magnusson Michael Winter 2007 FMA from 1945 The Story of Fabrica Militar de Aviones Argentina Part 1 Air Britain Archive pp 155 158 ISSN 0262 4923 Mason Francis K 1992 The British Fighter since 1912 Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 1 55750 082 7 Mason Francis K 1994 The British Bomber since 1914 London Putnam Aeronautical Books ISBN 0 85177 861 5 Mikesh Robert C Shorzoe Abe 1990 Japanese Aircraft 1910 1914 London Putnam ISBN 0 85177 840 2 Owers Colin 1991 Australian 504s Air Enthusiast No 44 pp 62 69 ISSN 0143 5450 Prins Francois Spring 1994 Pioneering Spirit The QANTAS Story Air Enthusiast No 53 pp 24 32 ISSN 0143 5450 Taylor M J H ed Jane s Encyclopedia of Aviation Jane s Publishing Company Thomas Andrew July August 2001 In the Footsteps of Daedulus Early Greek Naval Aviation Air Enthusiast No 94 pp 8 9 ISSN 0143 5450 Wauthy Jean Luc amp de Neve Florian June 1995 Les aeronefs de la Force Aerienne Belge deuxieme partie 1919 1935 Aircraft of the Belgian Air Force Le Fana de l Aviation in French No 305 pp 28 33 ISSN 0757 4169 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Avro 504 Argentine AVRO 504 Spanish Avro 504 site RAF Museum Hendon London Biplanes de German language page with Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome s Avro 504 reproduction Biplanes de German language page with assembly photos of ORA s Avro 504 reproduction YouTube Video of Old Rhinebeck s Avro 504 reproduction in flight Avro 504 in Greek service Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome s Avro 504 page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Avro 504 amp oldid 1219350865, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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