2023 World Baseball Classic

The 2023 World Baseball Classic (WBC) was an international professional baseball tournament, and the fifth iteration of the World Baseball Classic. It began on March 8 and ran until March 21.

2023 World Baseball Classic

Tournament details
Host countries	Japan Taiwan United States
Dates	March 8–21, 2023^[1]
Teams	20
Final positions
Champions	Japan (3rd title)
Runners-up	United States
Tournament statistics
Games played	47
Attendance	1,306,414 (27,796 per game)
Most valuable player	Shohei Ohtani
← 2017 2026 →

It was originally scheduled to take place in 2021, four years after the previous event, but was canceled in May 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.^[2] It was later announced that qualifications for the Classic would start in September 2022, as agreed by Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA).^[3] The tournament was expanded from 16 to 20 national teams, with all teams that participated in the 2017 edition automatically qualifying, plus four additional spots.^[4] Unlike in 2009, 2013 and 2017, the U.S. lineup attracted distinguished players and attracted a lot of hype for the tournament.^[5]

Japan won their record-extending third title after defeating defending champions United States 3–2 in the championship game, becoming the second team since the Dominican Republic in the 2013 World Baseball Classic to win the WBC with an undefeated record. Shohei Ohtani was named the World Baseball Classic Most Valuable Player.^[6]

Teams

Qualification

Main article: 2023 World Baseball Classic qualification

 

Qualification status:

  Qualified for the 2023 World Baseball Classic

  Participated in the qualifier but failed to qualify

In January 2020, the WBC announced that the 16 national teams which participated at the 2017 World Baseball Classic would automatically qualify for the 2023 tournament.^[7]

A qualifying tournament was scheduled for March 2020 in Tucson, Arizona, United States, to determine the last four teams.^[7] Twelve teams were split into two pools, and the top two teams in each pool would qualify.^[4] On March 12, 2020, Major League Baseball announced that the qualifying tournaments were being postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[8] The qualification tournament ended up postponing to September 16–21, 2022, for the Africa/Europe qualifiers and September 30 – October 5, 2022, for the Americas/Asia/Oceania qualifiers.^[9]

The Czech Republic, Great Britain, and Nicaragua made their first appearance in the World Baseball Classic, while Panama returned after having missed out on two World Baseball Classic appearances. This was the third consecutive time that South Africa, the only African team, did not qualify for the World Baseball Classic, and the second consecutive time that both Brazil and Spain did not qualify. With Panama qualified for the World Baseball Classic for the first time since 2009, South Africa now has the longest active WBC appearance drought at 14 years, having not qualified since 2009.

Qualified teams

Region	Team	Qualification method	Prev. apps	Previous best result	WBSC World Rankings^[10]
Americas	Canada	Automatically qualified	4	Pool stage (2006, 2009, 2013, 2017)	14
	Colombia	Automatically qualified	1	Pool stage (2017)	11
	Cuba	Automatically qualified	4	Runners-up (2006)	8
	Dominican Republic	Automatically qualified	4	Champions (2013)	9
	Mexico	Automatically qualified	4	Quarterfinals (2006, 2009)	5
	Puerto Rico	Automatically qualified	4	Runners-up (2013, 2017)	13
	United States	Automatically qualified as hosts	4	Champions (2017)	3
	Venezuela	Automatically qualified	4	Third place (2009)	6
	Panama	Qualifier 2 Winners	2	Pool stage (2006, 2009)	12
	Nicaragua	Qualifier 2 Runners-up	0	None (debut)	17
Asia	China	Automatically qualified	4	Pool stage (2006, 2009, 2013, 2017)	30
	Chinese Taipei	Automatically qualified as hosts	4	Quarterfinals (2013)	2
	Japan	Automatically qualified as hosts	4	Champions (2006, 2009)	1
	South Korea	Automatically qualified	4	Runners-up (2009)	4
Europe	Israel	Automatically qualified	1	Quarterfinals (2017)	20
	Italy	Automatically qualified	4	Quarterfinals (2013)	16
	Netherlands	Automatically qualified	4	Fourth place (2013, 2017)	7
	Great Britain	Qualifier 1 Winners	0	None (debut)	22
	Czech Republic	Qualifier 1 Runners-up	0	None (debut)	15
Oceania	Australia	Automatically qualified	4	Pool stage (2006, 2009, 2013, 2017)	10

Draw

The pool draw was announced by Major League Baseball on July 7, 2022.^[11] Organizers prioritized placement in separate pools the four nations which reached the semifinals of the 2017 WBC (Japan, the Netherlands, Puerto Rico, and the United States) and the three hosts (Japan, the United States, and Taiwan). Remaining pool assignments were made based on WBSC World Rankings, competitive balance, and commercial and geographic interest.^[12]

Note: Numbers in parentheses indicate positions in the WBSC World Rankings at the time of the draw.^[13]

Pot 1	Pot 2	Pot 3	Pot 4	Pot 5
Japan (1) (H)   Chinese Taipei (2) (H)   United States (5) (H)   Puerto Rico (16)	Netherlands (8)   South Korea (3)   Mexico (4)   Dominican Republic (6)	Venezuela (7)   Cuba (9)   Australia (10)   Colombia (11)	Canada (12)   Italy (17)   Israel (20)   China (21)	Panama (13)^[A]   Czech Republic (14)^[B]   Nicaragua (15)^[C]   Great Britain (24)^[D]

Venues

Four stadiums were used during the main tournament.^[14][15]

Pool A	Pool B & Quarterfinals	Pool C	Pool D, Quarterfinals, Semifinals and Championship
Taichung, Taiwan	Tokyo, Japan	Phoenix, United States	Miami, United States
Taichung Intercontinental Baseball Stadium	Tokyo Dome	Chase Field	LoanDepot Park
Capacity: 20,000	Capacity: 45,600	Capacity: 48,686	Capacity: 36,742

Team base camps

National squads' base camps^[16]
Team City   Australia Fuchu^[17]   Canada Mesa   China Hioki^[18]   Chinese Taipei Taichung   Colombia Mesa   Cuba Okinawa,^[19] Taipei^[20]^[19]   Czech Republic Miyazaki   Dominican Republic Fort Myers   Great Britain Phoenix   Israel Jupiter	Team City   Italy Taichung   Japan Miyazaki^[21]   Mexico Scottsdale   Netherlands Taichung   Nicaragua Vero Beach   Panama Taichung   Puerto Rico Fort Myers   South Korea Tucson^[22]   United States Scottsdale   Venezuela West Palm Beach

Rosters

Main article: 2023 World Baseball Classic rosters

Participating nations had to submit their final 30-man rosters no later than February 7. WBC rules required teams to carry at least 14 pitchers and two catchers on their rosters.^[23]

Officiating

On March 7, Major League Baseball and the World Baseball Softball Confederation released the list of officials for the tournament.^[24]

Umpires

Trent Thomas   Chris Graham   Stu Scheurwater   Chan-Jung Chang   Maikol Tibabijo   Ángel Hernández   Ramon De Jesus   Felix Tejeda   Serge Makouchetchev   Tim Meyer   Fabrizio Fabrizi

Shōji Arisumi   Edwin Louisa   Jairo Mendoza   Alejandro Pecero   Delfin Colon   Roberto Ortiz   Cuti Suárez   Ki Taik Park^Note   Lance Barksdale   Dan Bellino   Cory Blaser

Mark Carlson   Laz Díaz   Doug Eddings   Mike Estabrook   Andy Fletcher   Chris Guccione   Adam Hamari   Pat Hoberg   Dan Iassogna   Ron Kulpa   Nic Lentz

Will Little   Ben May   Bill Miller   Alan Porter   Chris Segal   John Tumpane   Quinn Wolcott   Jhonatan Biarreta   Carlos Torres

^Note Incorrectly listed as Ki Talk Park

Supervisors

•   Mike Everitt
•   Cris Jones
•   Jeff Kellogg
•   Larry Young

Prize money

The prize money allocation was released by Major League Baseball and the World Baseball Softball Confederation on March 7. Teams collect each stage they qualify in – the champions can collect a maximum of $3 million if they are a pool winner.^[25]

Stage	Prize money (US$)	No. of Teams	Total (US$)
Champions	$1,000,000	1	$1,000,000
Finalists	$500,000	2	$1,000,000
Semifinalists	$500,000	4	$2,000,000
Quarterfinalists	$400,000	8	$3,200,000
Pool winners	$300,000	4	$1,200,000
Participants	$300,000	20	$6,000,000
Total			$14,400,000

Group stage

Scheduled locations and dates are as follows:^[1][26]

Tiebreakers
The ranking of teams in the group stage is determined as follows:^[27] Win percentage Head-to-head record Lowest quotient of runs allowed by defensive outs between tied teams Lowest quotient of earned runs allowed by defensive outs between tied teams Highest batting average Drawing of lots

Pool A

Main article: 2023 World Baseball Classic Pool A

Pool A was contested in Taichung during March 8–12.

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	L	RF	RA	PCT	GB	Qualification
1	Cuba	4	2	2	25	15	.500^[a]	—	Advance to quarterfinals Qualification for 2026 World Baseball Classic
2	Italy	4	2	2	20	17	.500^[a]	—
3	Netherlands	4	2	2	13	19	.500^[a]	—	Qualification for 2026 World Baseball Classic
4	Panama	4	2	2	19	21	.500^[a]	—
5	Chinese Taipei (H)	4	2	2	26	31	.500^[a]	—

Source: MLB
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
(H) Host
Notes:

1. Runs allowed per defensive out recorded: Cuba .139, Italy .157, Netherlands .186, Panama .200, Chinese Taipei .295^[28]

Date	Local time	Road team	Score	Home team	Inn.	Venue	Game duration	Attendance	Boxscore
Mar 8, 2023	12:00 NST	Cuba	2–4	Netherlands		Taichung Stadium	3:07	6,501	Boxscore
Mar 8, 2023	19:00 NST	Panama	12–5	Chinese Taipei		Taichung Stadium	4:02	15,540	Boxscore
Mar 9, 2023	12:00 NST	Panama	1–3	Netherlands		Taichung Stadium	2:45	6,048	Boxscore
Mar 9, 2023	19:00 NST	Italy	6–3	Cuba	10	Taichung Stadium	3:43	6,217	Boxscore
Mar 10, 2023	12:30 NST	Cuba	13–4	Panama		Taichung Stadium	4:09	7,023	Boxscore
Mar 10, 2023	19:00 NST	Italy	7–11	Chinese Taipei		Taichung Stadium	3:58	18,799	Boxscore
Mar 11, 2023	12:00 NST	Panama	2–0	Italy		Taichung Stadium	2:57	7,732	Boxscore
Mar 11, 2023	19:00 NST	Netherlands	5–9	Chinese Taipei		Taichung Stadium	3:34	18,826	Boxscore
Mar 12, 2023	12:00 NST	Chinese Taipei	1–7	Cuba		Taichung Stadium	3:21	18,852	Boxscore
Mar 12, 2023	19:00 NST	Netherlands	1–7	Italy		Taichung Stadium	3:00	4,985	Boxscore

Pool B

Main article: 2023 World Baseball Classic Pool B

Pool B was contested in Tokyo during March 9–13.

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	L	RF	RA	PCT	GB	Qualification
1	Japan (H)	4	4	0	38	8	1.000	—	Advance to quarterfinals Qualification for 2026 World Baseball Classic
2	Australia	4	3	1	29	19	.750	1
3	South Korea	4	2	2	40	26	.500	2	Qualification for 2026 World Baseball Classic
4	Czech Republic	4	1	3	16	30	.250	3
5	China	4	0	4	10	50	.000	4

Source: MLB
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
(H) Host

Date	Local time	Road team	Score	Home team	Inn.	Venue	Game duration	Attendance	Boxscore
Mar 9, 2023	12:00 JST	Australia	8–7	South Korea		Tokyo Dome	3:46		Boxscore
Mar 9, 2023	19:00 JST	China	1–8	Japan		Tokyo Dome	3:41	41,616	Boxscore
Mar 10, 2023	12:00 JST	Czech Republic	8–5	China		Tokyo Dome	3:54		Boxscore
Mar 10, 2023	19:00 JST	South Korea	4–13	Japan		Tokyo Dome	4:04	41,629	Boxscore
Mar 11, 2023	12:00 JST	China	2–12	Australia	7	Tokyo Dome	2:52		Boxscore
Mar 11, 2023	19:00 JST	Czech Republic	2–10	Japan		Tokyo Dome	3:26	41,637	Boxscore
Mar 12, 2023	12:00 JST	Czech Republic	3–7	South Korea		Tokyo Dome	2:55		Boxscore
Mar 12, 2023	19:00 JST	Japan	7–1	Australia		Tokyo Dome	3:18	41,664	Boxscore
Mar 13, 2023	12:00 JST	Australia	8–3	Czech Republic		Tokyo Dome	3:04		Boxscore
Mar 13, 2023	19:00 JST	South Korea	22–2	China	5	Tokyo Dome	2:37	14,442	Boxscore

Pool C

Main article: 2023 World Baseball Classic Pool C

Pool C was contested in Phoenix during March 11–15.

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	L	RF	RA	PCT	GB	Qualification
1	Mexico	4	3	1	27	14	.750^[a]	—	Advance to quarterfinals Qualification for 2026 World Baseball Classic
2	United States (H)	4	3	1	26	16	.750^[a]	—
3	Canada	4	2	2	27	30	.500	1	Qualification for 2026 World Baseball Classic
4	Great Britain	4	1	3	18	31	.250^[b]	2
5	Colombia	4	1	3	12	19	.250^[b]	2

Source: MLB
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
(H) Host
Notes:

1. Mexico defeated USA, 11–5
2. Great Britain defeated Colombia, 7–5

Date	Local time	Road team	Score	Home team	Inn.	Venue	Game duration	Attendance	Boxscore
Mar 11, 2023	12:30 MST	Colombia	5–4	Mexico	10	Chase Field	3:24	28,497	Boxscore
Mar 11, 2023	19:00 MST	Great Britain	2–6	United States		Chase Field	2:54	39,650	Boxscore
Mar 12, 2023	12:00 MST	Great Britain	8–18	Canada	7	Chase Field	3:38	11,555	Boxscore
Mar 12, 2023	19:00 MST	Mexico	11–5	United States		Chase Field	3:41	47,534	Boxscore
Mar 13, 2023	12:00 MST	Colombia	5–7	Great Britain		Chase Field	3:50	10,416	Boxscore
Mar 13, 2023	19:00 MST	Canada	1–12	United States	7	Chase Field	2:20	29,621	Boxscore
Mar 14, 2023	12:00 MST	Canada	5–0	Colombia		Chase Field	2:48	10,571	Boxscore
Mar 14, 2023	19:00 MST	Great Britain	1–2	Mexico		Chase Field	3:05	17,705	Boxscore
Mar 15, 2023	12:00 MST	Mexico	10–3	Canada		Chase Field	3:31	17,245	Boxscore
Mar 15, 2023	19:00 MST	United States	3–2	Colombia		Chase Field	3:02	29,856	Boxscore

Pool D

Main article: 2023 World Baseball Classic Pool D

Pool D was contested in Miami during March 11–15.

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	L	RF	RA	PCT	GB	Qualification
1	Venezuela	4	4	0	23	9	1.000	—	Advance to quarterfinals Qualification for 2026 World Baseball Classic
2	Puerto Rico	4	3	1	30	12	.750	1
3	Dominican Republic	4	2	2	19	11	.500	2	Qualification for 2026 World Baseball Classic
4	Israel	4	1	3	4	26	.250	3
5	Nicaragua	4	0	4	4	22	.000	4

Source: MLB
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

Date	Local time	Road team	Score	Home team	Inn.	Venue	Game duration	Attendance	Boxscore
Mar 11, 2023	12:00 EST	Nicaragua	1–9	Puerto Rico		LoanDepot Park	2:44	35,399	Boxscore
Mar 11, 2023	19:00 EST	Dominican Republic	1–5	Venezuela		LoanDepot Park	3:19	35,890	Boxscore
Mar 12, 2023	12:00 EDT	Nicaragua	1–3	Israel		LoanDepot Park	2:50	19,955	Boxscore
Mar 12, 2023	19:00 EDT	Venezuela	9–6	Puerto Rico		LoanDepot Park	3:36	35,615	Boxscore
Mar 13, 2023	12:00 EDT	Dominican Republic	6–1	Nicaragua		LoanDepot Park	3:09	31,696	Boxscore
Mar 13, 2023	19:00 EDT	Israel	0–10	Puerto Rico	8	LoanDepot Park	2:30	27,813	Boxscore
Mar 14, 2023	12:00 EDT	Nicaragua	1–4	Venezuela		LoanDepot Park	2:53	21,873	Boxscore
Mar 14, 2023	19:00 EDT	Israel	0–10	Dominican Republic	7	LoanDepot Park	2:44	33,307	Boxscore
Mar 15, 2023	12:00 EDT	Venezuela	5–1	Israel		LoanDepot Park	2:47	18,277	Boxscore
Mar 15, 2023	19:00 EDT	Puerto Rico	5–2	Dominican Republic		LoanDepot Park	3:13	36,025	Boxscore

Knockout stage

Main article: 2023 World Baseball Classic knockout stage

The top two teams from each pool advanced to the single elimination bracket. These games are contested from March 15–21. Tokyo hosted two of the quarterfinals, while the other two quarterfinals, the semifinals, and the championship game will take place in Miami.^[1][26]

Bracket

	Quarterfinals				Semifinals				Championship
	March 15 – Tokyo
	Australia	3
					March 19 – Miami
	Cuba	4
					Cuba	2
	March 18 – Miami
					United States	14
	United States	9
									March 21 – Miami
	Venezuela	7
									United States	2
	March 17 – Miami
									Japan	3
	Puerto Rico	4
					March 20 – Miami
	Mexico	5
					Mexico	5
	March 16 – Tokyo
					Japan	6
	Italy	3
	Japan	9

Quarterfinals

Date	Local time	Road team	Score	Home team	Inn.	Venue	Game duration	Attendance	Boxscore
Mar 15, 2023	19:00 JST	Australia	3–4	Cuba		Tokyo Dome	3:24	35,061	Boxscore
Mar 16, 2023	19:00 JST	Italy	3–9	Japan		Tokyo Dome	3:24	41,723	Boxscore
Mar 17, 2023	19:00 EDT	Puerto Rico	4–5	Mexico		LoanDepot Park	3:17	35,817	Boxscore
Mar 18, 2023	19:00 EDT	United States	9–7	Venezuela		LoanDepot Park	3:46	35,792	Boxscore

Semifinals

Date	Local time	Road team	Score	Home team	Inn.	Venue	Game duration	Attendance	Boxscore
Mar 19, 2023	19:00 EDT	Cuba	2–14	United States		LoanDepot Park	3:28	35,779	Boxscore
Mar 20, 2023	19:00 EDT	Mexico	5–6	Japan		LoanDepot Park	3:36	35,933	Boxscore

Final

Main article: 2023 World Baseball Classic championship

March 21, 2023 19:00 EDT (UTC−4) at LoanDepot Park in Miami, United States

Team	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	R	H	E
United States	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	9	0
Japan	0	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	X	3	5	0
WP: Shōta Imanaga (1–0)   LP: Merrill Kelly (0–1)   Sv: Shohei Ohtani (1) Home runs: USA: Trea Turner (5), Kyle Schwarber (2) JPN: Munetaka Murakami (1), Kazuma Okamoto (2) Attendance: 36,098 Umpires: HP – Lance Barksdale, 1B – John Tumpane, 2B – Edward Pinales, 3B – Ramiro Alfaro, LF – Jong Chui Park, RF – Quinn Wolcott Boxscore

2023 All-World Baseball Classic team

Position	Player
C	Salvador Pérez
1B	Yu Chang
2B	Javier Báez
3B	Yoan Moncada
SS	Trea Turner
OF	Randy Arozarena
	Mike Trout
	Masataka Yoshida
DH	Shohei Ohtani
P	Shohei Ohtani
	Miguel Romero
	Patrick Sandoval

Source: ^[29]

Statistical leaders

See also: World Baseball Classic § Statistical leaders

Batting Statistic Name Total/Avg Batting average*   Choi Ji-hoon .667 Hits 5 tied with 10 Runs   Kensuke Kondoh   Shohei Ohtani 9 Home runs   Trea Turner 5 Runs batted in   Masataka Yoshida 13 Strikeouts   Munetaka Murakami 13 Stolen bases   Chavez Young 5 On-base percentage*   Choi Ji-hoon .800 Slugging percentage*   Edouard Julien 1.154 OPS*   Edouard Julien 1.821 * Minimum 2.7 plate appearances per team game Bold indicates all-time best in a single tournament of the World Baseball Classic

Pitching Statistic Name Total/Avg Wins 5 tied with 2 Losses   J. C. Ramírez 2 Saves 4 tied with 2 Innings pitched   Shohei Ohtani 9.2 Hits allowed   Adam Wainwright 10 Runs allowed   Daniel Bard 8 Earned runs allowed   Daniel Bard 8 Earned run average* 7 tied with 0.00 Walks   Xiang Wang 8 Strikeouts   Miguel Romero 13 WHIP*   José De León 0.00 * Minimum 0.8 innings pitched per team game

Most Valuable Players

Group stage

• Pool A –   Yu Chang
• Pool B –   Shohei Ohtani
• Pool C –   Randy Arozarena
• Pool D –   Salvador Pérez

Knockout stage

• Tournament –   Shohei Ohtani

Broadcasting rights

Territory	Rights holder(s)	Ref
Africa	ESPN	^[30]
Brazil	BandSports	^[30]
Canada	Sportsnet TVA Sports (French)	^[30]
Central America	Tigo Sports	^[30]
Caribbean	SportsMax	^[30]
China	Bilibili Kuaishou Weibo Douyin	^[30]
Colombia	Win Sports	^[30]
Cuba	ICRT Tele Rebelde	^[30]
Czech Republic	ČT	^[30]
Dominican Republic	Pio Deportes Tele Antillas Coral 39	^[30]
France	beIN Sports	^[30]
German-speaking countries	More Than Sports TV	^[30]
Hungary	Sport TV	^[30]
Israel	Sport 5	^[30]
Italy	Sky Italia	^[30]
Japan	Japan Consortium TBS (JNN) TV Asahi (ANN) J Sports Amazon Prime Video	^[30]^[31]
Mexico	Imagen	^[30]
Netherlands	ESPN	^[30]
Nordic countries	Viaplay	^[30]
Oceania	ESPN	^[30]
Panama	TVN	^[30]
Puerto Rico	WAPA Deportes	^[30]
South America	DirecTV	^[30]
Southeast Asia & Hong Kong	SPOTV	^[30]
South Korea	Korean Consortium SBS KBS MBC Wavve SPOTV	^[30]
Taiwan	EBC (EBC News) ELTA	^[30]^[32]^[33]
Turkey	Saran Media	^[30]
United Kingdom & Ireland	BT Sport	^[30]
United States	Fox Fox Sports 1 Fox Sports 2 Tubi Fox Deportes (Spanish)	^[30]^[34]
Venezuela	Inter/ByM Sport Venevisión IVC SimpleTV Televen TVes	^[30]

Notes

1. Americas/Asia/Oceania qualifier winners, team not determined at time of draw
2. Africa/Europe qualifier runners-up, team not determined at time of draw
3. Americas/Asia/Oceania qualifier runners-up, team not determined at time of draw.
4. Africa/Europe qualifier winners, team not determined at time of draw.

References

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29. "Japan beats USA for WBC title: Best moments and takeaways from thrilling finale". 22 March 2023.
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31. Frater, Patrick (January 25, 2023). "Prime Video Producing 'The Silent Service,' Amazon's First Japanese Original Movie". Variety. Retrieved March 11, 2023. Separately, Amazon confirmed that it has picked up rights to the Japanese national team's games in the upcoming 2023 World Baseball Classic.
32. "有線電視獨家！東森電視轉播WBC經典賽 最強播報陣容曝光". EBC News (in Chinese (Taiwan)). December 28, 2022.
33. ELTA Technology (December 27, 2022). "2023 WBC世界棒球經典賽 MOD、Hami Video、愛爾達新媒體獨家全場次轉播". Yahoo! Taiwan (Press release) (in Chinese (Taiwan)).
34. "FOX SPORTS BECOMES EXCLUSIVE U.S. HOME TO 2023 WORLD BASEBALL CLASSIC" (Press release). Fox Sports Media Group. October 21, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.

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