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2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting

January 20, 2023

The 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, also known as CHOGM 2018, was the 25th Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom. The meeting had been planned to have been held by Vanuatu at the end of 2017, but was moved to the United Kingdom after the impact of Cyclone Pam on the infrastructure of Vanuatu. The meeting was then postponed to April 2018 due to other international commitments.[2]

25th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
CHOGM 2018
Host country United Kingdom
Dates19–20 April 2018[1]
Venue(s)Buckingham Palace, Lancaster House, and Windsor Castle (retreat)
CitiesLondon and Windsor
ChairTheresa May, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Follows2015
Precedes2022
Websitewww.chogm2018.org.uk
Key points
Head of the Commonwealth succession; Commonwealth Blue Charter on ocean conservation and plastic waste; trade and investment, Commonwealth Cyber Declaration
Theresa May speaks as chair of the meeting

The position of Commonwealth Chair-in-Office, held by the government leader of the CHOGM host country, was transferred at the summit from the Prime Minister of Malta to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, who held the post until the 26th CHOGM in 2022.[3]

Agenda

The theme of the summit was "Towards a Common Future". The British hosts set out four main goals for the summit:[1]

  • prosperity: boosting intra-Commonwealth trade and investment
  • security: increasing cooperation across security challenges including global terrorism, organised crime and cyber attacks
  • fairness: promoting democracy, fundamental freedoms and good governance across the Commonwealth
  • sustainability: building the resilience of small and vulnerable states to deal with the effects of climate change and other global crises

Under consideration were: A Commonwealth Blue Charter on ocean governance, a Commonwealth connectivity agenda for trade and investment, a declaration on cybercrime, and revised Commonwealth guidelines on election observation in member countries.[4][5]

Trade

This was the first CHOGM held following the United Kingdom's decision to withdraw from the European Union, a decision which has resulted in calls for Britain to strengthen its economic ties with and play a greater role in the Commonwealth.[6] The Commonwealth, as of 2018, was responsible for one-tenth of British trade compare to the EU with which the UK currently conducts half of its trade. Intra-Commonwealth trade, overall, is expected to increase by at least 17% to around US$700 billion by 2020.[7]

The British government reportedly hoped to use the CHOGM to open negotiations for expanded trade with Commonwealth nations to replace lost trade with the EU, however, as the summit began The Economist dismissed the belief that the Commonwealth could fill the gap created by Brexit as “an amiable delusion”.

Head of the Commonwealth and the Royal Family

The succession of the Headship of the Commonwealth,[8] and the roles of other members of the Royal Family[9] was discussed, and a proposal to nominate Queen Elizabeth II for the Nobel Peace Prize was also expected to feature in discussions.[10]

At a speech welcoming Commonwealth leaders to Buckingham Palace on the first day of the summit, the Queen said "It is my sincere wish that the Commonwealth will continue to offer stability and continuity for future generations, and will decide that one day the Prince of Wales should carry on the important work started by my father in 1949."[11]

On 20 April, the second day of the summit, the Commonwealth leaders agreed that Prince Charles would succeed the Queen as Head of the Commonwealth.[12][13]

LGBT rights

The British government was accused by LGBT activists of backing away from plans to make LGBT rights in the Commonwealth of Nations an issue during the summit. Homosexuality remains a criminal offence in 37 out of 53 Commonwealth states. LGBT-rights campaigners from the UK and across the Commonwealth picketed Marlborough House, the headquarters of the Commonwealth Secretariat, on 19 April in order to draw attention to the issue.[14] UK Prime Minister Theresa May said in a speech to Commonwealth leaders that she "deeply regrets" Britain's role in having same-sex conduct criminalized in colonial laws that remain in force in many Commonwealth countries, saying of these laws that “They were wrong then and they are wrong now” and that the UK government supports the reform of these laws in former colonies.[15][16]

Commonwealth Clean Oceans Alliance

The UK promised to spend £61m to combat the pollution of the world's oceans by plastics and announced that it would ban plastic straws, microbeads, and other waste and to help developing countries curb plastics and other environmental pollutants from contaminating the oceans, and urged other Commonwealth countries to do the same. Five countries have joined the Commonwealth Clean Oceans Alliance: the UK, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu and Ghana.[11][17][18]

Commonwealth Cyber Declaration

The Commonwealth unanimously adopted the Commonwealth Cyber Declaration with leaders agreeing to work closely to strengthen their cybersecurity frameworks and response mechanisms by 2020.[19]

Participants

 
Foreign ministers present at CHOGM 2018

Of the 53 Commonwealth member countries, 19 were presented by the respective heads of state (1 Sultan and 18 Presidents), 28 countries by their respective heads of government including the host country, 2 by their respective deputy heads of state, 1 by their deputy head of government, 1 by the presiding officer of the national legislature, and remaining 2 by their foreign ministers.[11][20]

The Commonwealth was represented by the presence of Queen Elizabeth II as Head of the Commonwealth and Charles, Prince of Wales while the Commonwealth Secretariat was represented by the Secretary-General Patricia Scotland.

Outcomes

The leaders issued a Communiqué at the close of the summit in which they:

  • committed their countries to ratifying and implementing the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women,[24]
  • "mainstream youth priorities into national development policies and plans",[24]
  • "address the stigma around disability in all its forms and manifestations",[24]
  • agreed to Report of the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group on the Commonwealth's fundamental political values,[24]
  • adopted the Revised Commonwealth Guidelines on Election Observation in Member Countries[24]
  • called for strengthening the international response to the large movement of refugees, including return to their country of origin in safety and dignity[24]
  • "adopted a Declaration on the Commonwealth Connectivity Agenda for Trade and Investment and mandated the Secretariat to develop an accompanying action plan that considers capacity building and hard and soft connectivity"[24]
  • adopted the Commonwealth Blue Charter on sustainable development and protection of the world's oceans[24]
  • adopted a Commonwealth Cyber Declaration that "reflects Commonwealth values, and sets out a common commitment to an open, democratic peaceful and secure internet, respecting human rights and freedom of expression"[24]
  • called for a strengthening of the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention[24]
  • agreed to work together to combat climate change – particularly with reference to "small island developing states"[25]
  • to coordinate efforts countering extremism as well as human trafficking.[25]
  • agreed that Rwanda will host the next CHOGM in 2020 and that Samoa would host the CHOGM 2022.[24]

The leaders also issued a statement announcing their decision that Prince Charles will be the next Head of the Commonwealth.[26]

Commonwealth Forums

Parallel Commonwealth Summit Forums were held at the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre from 16 to 19 April, with 5,000 participants attending from government, business, and civil society engaged in Women's, Youth, and Peoples Forums with a Business Forum being held at Guildhall.[27] A joint plenary of all four fora was held for the first time on 17 April.[4][needs update]

The Commonwealth Summit Forums saw participation from a number of Commonwealth heads of government and ministers. UK Prime Minister Theresa May opened the Business Forum on 16 April 2018 [28] and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa delivered a keynote address at the Business Forum Banquet.[29]

Various members of the royal family—including The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall; Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and the Duke and Duchess of Sussex— hosted and participated in various receptions and events being held as part of the forums or the heads of government meeting itself.[30][31] Prince Harry, in his new role as Commonwealth Youth Ambassador, opened the Youth Forum telling delegates: "In my new role, I will work to support the Queen, my father the Prince of Wales, and my brother William, all of whom know that young people are the answer to the challenges of today."[32]

On the final day of the meeting, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle attended a reception to promote women's empowerment and girls' education.[33]

References

  1. ^ a b "PM to call for revitalised Commonwealth at reception ahead of 2018 Heads of Government Meeting – GOV.UK". gov.uk.
  2. ^ "Britain to host next Commonwealth summit in 2018". Global Post. Agence Frace Presse. 28 November 2015. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  3. ^ "Our History". The Commonwealth. The Commonwealth. 23 May 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  4. ^ a b "CHOGM summit to begin next week". Business Standard. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  5. ^ "Anglican Communion to play active role in next week's Commonwealth leaders' meeting". Anglican Communion News Service. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  6. ^ "Brexit and the Commonwealth – The Commonwealth". thecommonwealth.org. 4 April 2017.
  7. ^ "Britain hoping for Brexit boost from Commonwealth summit". Free Malaysia Today. Agence France Presse. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  8. ^ Landale, James (13 February 2018). "Commonwealth in secret succession plans". BBC News. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  9. ^ Nikkhah, Roya, Royal Correspondent (18 February 2018). "Prince Harry to take Commonwealth role". The Times. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  10. ^ Ilse, Jess (16 April 2018). "What is the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting? (blog)". Royal Central.
  11. ^ a b c "Commonwealth meeting: Queen hopes Prince Charles will succeed her". BBC News. 19 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  12. ^ "Charles 'to be next Commonwealth head'". BBC News. 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  13. ^ "Prince Charles to succeed Queen as Commonwealth head". Sky News. 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  14. ^ Quinn, Ben (14 April 2018). "UK rows back on plans to promote gay rights at Commonwealth summit". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  15. ^ Jain, Sagaree (18 April 2018). "Theresa May 'Deeply Regrets' Colonial Anti-LGBT Laws". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  16. ^ Crerar, Pippa (17 April 2018). "Theresa May says she deeply regrets Britain's legacy of anti-gay laws". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  17. ^ "Government promises £61m to tackle scourge of ocean plastic pollution with Commonwealth nations". The Independent. 15 April 2018. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  18. ^ "Britain urges Australia and the Commonwealth to tackle plastic waste". ABC News. 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  19. ^ "Commonwealth countries adopt Commonwealth Cyber Declaration". 23 April 2018.
  20. ^ PA (20 April 2018). "Queen winding down Commonwealth duties, suggests Ghana president". bt.com. BT. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  21. ^ Lewis, Ben; Elton-Pym, James (16 April 2018). "Who should replace the Queen? Just one topic on the CHOGM agenda". SBS News. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  22. ^ "Modi and CHOGM 2018: Reimagining the Commonwealth". Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  23. ^ France-Presse, Agence (21 April 2018). "South Africa riots force president to leave Commonwealth summit". The Guardian.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k https://www.chogm2018.org.uk/sites/default/files/CHOGM%202018%20Communique.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  25. ^ a b Walker, Peter (20 April 2018). "Prince Charles to be next head of Commonwealth". The Guardian.
  26. ^ https://www.chogm2018.org.uk/sites/default/files/CHOGM%20[permanent dead link]
  27. ^ "The Forums". 21 August 2017.
  28. ^ "May seeks Commonwealth trade boost as final Brexit talks begin". Reuters. 15 April 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  29. ^ "President Ramaphosa's full speech at the Commonwealth Business Forum".
  30. ^ Samhan, Jamie (12 April 2018). "Meghan Markle to join Prince Harry at Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings". Royal Central. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  31. ^ Nicholl, Katie (April 2018). "Meghan Markle takes on a new, and highly unusual, Royal duty". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  32. ^ Heffer, Greg (16 April 2018). "Cheers as Prince Harry praises Meghan Markle at Commonwealth summit". Sky News. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  33. ^ Kindelan, Katie; Durand, Carolyn (19 April 2018). "Meghan Markle joins Prince Harry in support of women's empowerment". ABC News. Retrieved 20 April 2018.

External links

  • CHOGM 2018 Communiqué

January 20, 2023
2018, commonwealth, heads, government, meeting, also, known, chogm, 2018, 25th, meeting, heads, government, commonwealth, nations, held, united, kingdom, meeting, been, planned, have, been, held, vanuatu, 2017, moved, united, kingdom, after, impact, cyclone, i. The 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting also known as CHOGM 2018 was the 25th Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations It was held in the United Kingdom The meeting had been planned to have been held by Vanuatu at the end of 2017 but was moved to the United Kingdom after the impact of Cyclone Pam on the infrastructure of Vanuatu The meeting was then postponed to April 2018 due to other international commitments 2 25th Commonwealth Heads of Government MeetingCHOGM 2018Host country United KingdomDates19 20 April 2018 1 Venue s Buckingham Palace Lancaster House and Windsor Castle retreat CitiesLondon and WindsorChairTheresa May Prime Minister of the United KingdomFollows2015Precedes2022Websitewww wbr chogm2018 wbr org wbr ukKey pointsHead of the Commonwealth succession Commonwealth Blue Charter on ocean conservation and plastic waste trade and investment Commonwealth Cyber DeclarationTheresa May speaks as chair of the meeting The position of Commonwealth Chair in Office held by the government leader of the CHOGM host country was transferred at the summit from the Prime Minister of Malta to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom who held the post until the 26th CHOGM in 2022 3 Contents 1 Agenda 1 1 Trade 1 2 Head of the Commonwealth and the Royal Family 1 3 LGBT rights 1 4 Commonwealth Clean Oceans Alliance 1 5 Commonwealth Cyber Declaration 2 Participants 3 Outcomes 4 Commonwealth Forums 5 References 6 External linksAgenda EditThe theme of the summit was Towards a Common Future The British hosts set out four main goals for the summit 1 prosperity boosting intra Commonwealth trade and investment security increasing cooperation across security challenges including global terrorism organised crime and cyber attacks fairness promoting democracy fundamental freedoms and good governance across the Commonwealth sustainability building the resilience of small and vulnerable states to deal with the effects of climate change and other global crisesUnder consideration were A Commonwealth Blue Charter on ocean governance a Commonwealth connectivity agenda for trade and investment a declaration on cybercrime and revised Commonwealth guidelines on election observation in member countries 4 5 Trade Edit This was the first CHOGM held following the United Kingdom s decision to withdraw from the European Union a decision which has resulted in calls for Britain to strengthen its economic ties with and play a greater role in the Commonwealth 6 The Commonwealth as of 2018 was responsible for one tenth of British trade compare to the EU with which the UK currently conducts half of its trade Intra Commonwealth trade overall is expected to increase by at least 17 to around US 700 billion by 2020 7 The British government reportedly hoped to use the CHOGM to open negotiations for expanded trade with Commonwealth nations to replace lost trade with the EU however as the summit began The Economist dismissed the belief that the Commonwealth could fill the gap created by Brexit as an amiable delusion Head of the Commonwealth and the Royal Family Edit The succession of the Headship of the Commonwealth 8 and the roles of other members of the Royal Family 9 was discussed and a proposal to nominate Queen Elizabeth II for the Nobel Peace Prize was also expected to feature in discussions 10 At a speech welcoming Commonwealth leaders to Buckingham Palace on the first day of the summit the Queen said It is my sincere wish that the Commonwealth will continue to offer stability and continuity for future generations and will decide that one day the Prince of Wales should carry on the important work started by my father in 1949 11 On 20 April the second day of the summit the Commonwealth leaders agreed that Prince Charles would succeed the Queen as Head of the Commonwealth 12 13 LGBT rights Edit The British government was accused by LGBT activists of backing away from plans to make LGBT rights in the Commonwealth of Nations an issue during the summit Homosexuality remains a criminal offence in 37 out of 53 Commonwealth states LGBT rights campaigners from the UK and across the Commonwealth picketed Marlborough House the headquarters of the Commonwealth Secretariat on 19 April in order to draw attention to the issue 14 UK Prime Minister Theresa May said in a speech to Commonwealth leaders that she deeply regrets Britain s role in having same sex conduct criminalized in colonial laws that remain in force in many Commonwealth countries saying of these laws that They were wrong then and they are wrong now and that the UK government supports the reform of these laws in former colonies 15 16 Commonwealth Clean Oceans Alliance Edit The UK promised to spend 61m to combat the pollution of the world s oceans by plastics and announced that it would ban plastic straws microbeads and other waste and to help developing countries curb plastics and other environmental pollutants from contaminating the oceans and urged other Commonwealth countries to do the same Five countries have joined the Commonwealth Clean Oceans Alliance the UK New Zealand Sri Lanka Vanuatu and Ghana 11 17 18 Commonwealth Cyber Declaration Edit The Commonwealth unanimously adopted the Commonwealth Cyber Declaration with leaders agreeing to work closely to strengthen their cybersecurity frameworks and response mechanisms by 2020 19 Participants Edit Foreign ministers present at CHOGM 2018 Of the 53 Commonwealth member countries 19 were presented by the respective heads of state 1 Sultan and 18 Presidents 28 countries by their respective heads of government including the host country 2 by their respective deputy heads of state 1 by their deputy head of government 1 by the presiding officer of the national legislature and remaining 2 by their foreign ministers 11 20 The Commonwealth was represented by the presence of Queen Elizabeth II as Head of the Commonwealth and Charles Prince of Wales while the Commonwealth Secretariat was represented by the Secretary General Patricia Scotland Queen Elizabeth II Head of the Commonwealth Patricia Scotland Secretary General of the Commonwealth Gaston Browne Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda Malcolm Turnbull Prime Minister of Australia Hubert Minnis Prime Minister of the Bahamas Sheikh Hasina Prime Minister of Bangladesh Maxine McClean Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados Wilfred Elrington Minister of Foreign Affairs and Home Affairs of Belize Mokgweetsi Masisi President of Botswana Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Sultan and Prime Minister of Brunei Philemon Yang Prime Minister of Cameroon Justin Trudeau Prime Minister of Canada Nicos Anastasiades President of Cyprus Roosevelt Skerrit Prime Minister of Dominica Frank Bainimarama Prime Minister of Fiji Adama Barrow President of The Gambia Nana Akufo Addo President of Ghana Keith Mitchell Prime Minister of Grenada David A Granger President of Guyana Narendra Modi Prime Minister of India 21 22 Andrew Holness Prime Minister of Jamaica Uhuru Kenyatta President of Kenya Taneti Maamau President of Kiribati Tom Thabane Prime Minister of Lesotho Peter Mutharika Prime Minister of Malawi Tan Sri Dato Sri Vigneswaran Sanasee President of Dewan Negara of Malaysia Joseph Muscat Prime Minister of Malta Pravind Jugnauth Prime Minister of Mauritius Filipe Nyusi President of Mozambique Hage Geingob President of Namibia Baron Waqa President of Nauru Jacinda Ardern Prime Minister of New Zealand Muhammadu Buhari President of Nigeria Shahid Khaqan Abbasi Prime Minister of Pakistan Peter O Neill Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea Paul Kagame President of Rwanda Timothy Harris Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis Allen Chastanet Prime Minister of Saint Lucia Sir Louis Straker Deputy Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi Prime Minister of Samoa Danny Faure President of Seychelles Julius Maada Bio President of Sierra Leone Lee Hsien Loong Prime Minister of Singapore Rick Houenipwela Prime Minister of Solomon Islands Cyril Ramaphosa President of South Africa 23 Maithripala Sirisena President of Sri Lanka Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini Prime Minister of Swaziland Samia Suluhu Vice President of Tanzania ʻAkilisi Pōhiva Prime Minister of Tonga Keith Rowley Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago Enele Sopoaga Prime Minister of Tuvalu Yoweri Museveni President of Uganda Theresa May Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Chair Charlot Salwai Prime Minister of Vanuatu Inonge Wina Vice President of ZambiaOutcomes EditThe leaders issued a Communique at the close of the summit in which they committed their countries to ratifying and implementing the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women 24 mainstream youth priorities into national development policies and plans 24 address the stigma around disability in all its forms and manifestations 24 agreed to Report of the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group on the Commonwealth s fundamental political values 24 adopted the Revised Commonwealth Guidelines on Election Observation in Member Countries 24 called for strengthening the international response to the large movement of refugees including return to their country of origin in safety and dignity 24 adopted a Declaration on the Commonwealth Connectivity Agenda for Trade and Investment and mandated the Secretariat to develop an accompanying action plan that considers capacity building and hard and soft connectivity 24 adopted the Commonwealth Blue Charter on sustainable development and protection of the world s oceans 24 adopted a Commonwealth Cyber Declaration that reflects Commonwealth values and sets out a common commitment to an open democratic peaceful and secure internet respecting human rights and freedom of expression 24 called for a strengthening of the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention 24 agreed to work together to combat climate change particularly with reference to small island developing states 25 to coordinate efforts countering extremism as well as human trafficking 25 agreed that Rwanda will host the next CHOGM in 2020 and that Samoa would host the CHOGM 2022 24 The leaders also issued a statement announcing their decision that Prince Charles will be the next Head of the Commonwealth 26 Commonwealth Forums EditParallel Commonwealth Summit Forums were held at the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre from 16 to 19 April with 5 000 participants attending from government business and civil society engaged in Women s Youth and Peoples Forums with a Business Forum being held at Guildhall 27 A joint plenary of all four fora was held for the first time on 17 April 4 needs update The Commonwealth Summit Forums saw participation from a number of Commonwealth heads of government and ministers UK Prime Minister Theresa May opened the Business Forum on 16 April 2018 28 and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa delivered a keynote address at the Business Forum Banquet 29 Various members of the royal family including The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall Prince William Duke of Cambridge and the Duke and Duchess of Sussex hosted and participated in various receptions and events being held as part of the forums or the heads of government meeting itself 30 31 Prince Harry in his new role as Commonwealth Youth Ambassador opened the Youth Forum telling delegates In my new role I will work to support the Queen my father the Prince of Wales and my brother William all of whom know that young people are the answer to the challenges of today 32 On the final day of the meeting Prince Harry and Meghan Markle attended a reception to promote women s empowerment and girls education 33 References Edit a b PM to call for revitalised Commonwealth at reception ahead of 2018 Heads of Government Meeting GOV UK gov uk Britain to host next Commonwealth summit in 2018 Global Post Agence Frace Presse 28 November 2015 Retrieved 28 November 2015 Our History The Commonwealth The Commonwealth 23 May 2013 Retrieved 25 November 2015 a b CHOGM summit to begin next week Business Standard 10 April 2018 Retrieved 13 April 2018 Anglican Communion to play active role in next week s Commonwealth leaders meeting Anglican Communion News Service 10 April 2018 Retrieved 13 April 2018 Brexit and the Commonwealth The Commonwealth thecommonwealth org 4 April 2017 Britain hoping for Brexit boost from Commonwealth summit Free Malaysia Today Agence France Presse 16 April 2018 Retrieved 16 April 2018 Landale James 13 February 2018 Commonwealth in secret succession plans BBC News Retrieved 10 March 2018 Nikkhah Roya Royal Correspondent 18 February 2018 Prince Harry to take Commonwealth role The Times Retrieved 10 March 2018 Ilse Jess 16 April 2018 What is the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting blog Royal Central a b c Commonwealth meeting Queen hopes Prince Charles will succeed her BBC News 19 April 2018 Retrieved 20 April 2018 Charles to be next Commonwealth head BBC News 20 April 2018 Retrieved 20 April 2018 Prince Charles to succeed Queen as Commonwealth head Sky News 20 April 2018 Retrieved 20 April 2018 Quinn Ben 14 April 2018 UK rows back on plans to promote gay rights at Commonwealth summit The Guardian Retrieved 14 April 2018 Jain Sagaree 18 April 2018 Theresa May Deeply Regrets Colonial Anti LGBT Laws Human Rights Watch Retrieved 20 April 2018 Crerar Pippa 17 April 2018 Theresa May says she deeply regrets Britain s legacy of anti gay laws The Guardian Retrieved 20 April 2018 Government promises 61m to tackle scourge of ocean plastic pollution with Commonwealth nations The Independent 15 April 2018 Archived from the original on 1 May 2022 Retrieved 20 April 2018 Britain urges Australia and the Commonwealth to tackle plastic waste ABC News 20 April 2018 Retrieved 20 April 2018 Commonwealth countries adopt Commonwealth Cyber Declaration 23 April 2018 PA 20 April 2018 Queen winding down Commonwealth duties suggests Ghana president bt com BT Retrieved 20 April 2018 Lewis Ben Elton Pym James 16 April 2018 Who should replace the Queen Just one topic on the CHOGM agenda SBS News Retrieved 16 April 2018 Modi and CHOGM 2018 Reimagining the Commonwealth Retrieved 18 April 2018 France Presse Agence 21 April 2018 South Africa riots force president to leave Commonwealth summit The Guardian a b c d e f g h i j k https www chogm2018 org uk sites default files CHOGM 202018 20Communique pdf bare URL PDF a b Walker Peter 20 April 2018 Prince Charles to be next head of Commonwealth The Guardian https www chogm2018 org uk sites default files CHOGM 20 permanent dead link The Forums 21 August 2017 May seeks Commonwealth trade boost as final Brexit talks begin Reuters 15 April 2018 Retrieved 30 December 2021 President Ramaphosa s full speech at the Commonwealth Business Forum Samhan Jamie 12 April 2018 Meghan Markle to join Prince Harry at Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings Royal Central Retrieved 14 April 2018 Nicholl Katie April 2018 Meghan Markle takes on a new and highly unusual Royal duty Vanity Fair Retrieved 14 April 2018 Heffer Greg 16 April 2018 Cheers as Prince Harry praises Meghan Markle at Commonwealth summit Sky News Retrieved 16 April 2018 Kindelan Katie Durand Carolyn 19 April 2018 Meghan Markle joins Prince Harry in support of women s empowerment ABC News Retrieved 20 April 2018 External links EditCHOGM 2018 Communique Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting amp oldid 1134720035, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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