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Sideroxylon

March 13, 2023

For other uses, see Sideroxylon (disambiguation).

Sideroxylon is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[3][5] They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (sideros), meaning "iron", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood."[6]

Bully trees
Sideroxylon persimile
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Sapotaceae
Subfamily: Sapotoideae
Genus: Sideroxylon
L.[1]
Type species
Sideroxylon inerme
Synonyms[4]
  • Apterygia Baehni
  • Bumelia Sw.
  • Calvaria Comm. ex C.F.Gaertn.
  • Cryptogyne Hook.f.
  • Decateles Raf.
  • Dipholis A.DC.
  • Edgeworthia Falc. 1842, illegitimate homonym, not Meisn. 1841 (Thymelaeaceae)
  • Lyciodes Kuntze
  • Mastichodendron (Engl.) H.J.Lam
  • Monotheca A.DC.
  • Nesoluma Baill.
  • Reptonia A.DC.
  • Robertia Scop., rejected name
  • Robertsia Endl.
  • Rostellaria C.F.Gaertn.
  • Sclerocladus Raf.
  • Sinosideroxylon (Engl.) Aubrév.
  • Spiniluma (Baill.) Aubrév.
  • Spondogona Raf., rejected name
  • Tatina Raf.

Distribution

The genus is distributed mainly in North and South America, but also in Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, and various oceanic islands.[4] Some species, such as gum bully (S. lanuginosum), S. tenax, and buckthorn bully (S. lycioides), are found in subtropical areas of North America. The only South African species, the white milkwood (S. inerme), is associated with three historical sites, and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity.[7][8]

Ecology

Several species have become rare due to logging and other forms of habitat destruction. The Tambalacoque (S. grandiflorum, syn. Calvaria major) of Mauritius was affected by the extinction of the birds which dispersed its seed; it was suggested that the species entirely depended on the dodo (Raphus cucullatus) for that purpose and nearly became a victim of coextinction, but this is not correct.[9][10] Bully trees provide food for the larvae of certain Lepidoptera, such as the bumelia webworm moth (Urodus parvula) as well as several species of Coleoptera of the genus Plinthocoelium, commonly known as bumelia borers.

Species

Accepted species[4]

Formerly placed here

References

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sideroxylon.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Sideroxylon.
  1. ^ "Genus: Sideroxylon L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-09-30. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
  2. ^ lectotype designated by Baillon, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 908 (1891)
  3. ^ a b Tropicos, Sideroxylon L.
  4. ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192-193 in Latin
  6. ^ Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants (4 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 352. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
  7. ^ Flora of North America, Vol. 8 Page 236, Bully, Sideroxylon Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 192. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 89. 1754.
  8. ^ Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 212, 铁榄属 tie lan shu Sinosideroxylon (Engler) Aubreville, Adansonia, n.s. 3: 32. 1963.
  9. ^ Witmer, M. C.; A. S. Cheke (1991). "The dodo and the tambalacoque tree: an obligate mutualism reconsidered". Oikos. 61 (1): 133–137. doi:10.2307/3545415. JSTOR 3545415.
  10. ^ Hershey, D. R. (2004). "The widespread misconception that the tambalacoque absolutely required the dodo for its seeds to germinate". Plant Science Bulletin. 50: 105–108.
  11. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon lanuginosum
  12. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon lycioides
  13. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon reclinatum
  14. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon tenax
  15. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon thornei
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "GRIN Species Records of Sideroxylon". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-09-10.

External links

March 13, 2023
sideroxylon, other, uses, disambiguation, genus, trees, family, sapotaceae, described, genus, linnaeus, 1753, they, collectively, known, bully, trees, generic, name, derived, from, greek, words, σιδηρος, sideros, meaning, iron, ξύλον, xylon, meaning, wood, bul. For other uses see Sideroxylon disambiguation Sideroxylon is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753 3 5 They are collectively known as bully trees The generic name is derived from the Greek words sidhros sideros meaning iron and 3ylon xylon meaning wood 6 Bully treesSideroxylon persimileScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder EricalesFamily SapotaceaeSubfamily SapotoideaeGenus SideroxylonL 1 Type speciesSideroxylon inermeL 2 3 Synonyms 4 Apterygia Baehni Bumelia Sw Calvaria Comm ex C F Gaertn Cryptogyne Hook f Decateles Raf Dipholis A DC Edgeworthia Falc 1842 illegitimate homonym not Meisn 1841 Thymelaeaceae Lyciodes Kuntze Mastichodendron Engl H J Lam Monotheca A DC Nesoluma Baill Reptonia A DC Robertia Scop rejected name Robertsia Endl Rostellaria C F Gaertn Sclerocladus Raf Sinosideroxylon Engl Aubrev Spiniluma Baill Aubrev Spondogona Raf rejected name Tatina Raf Leaves of Sideroxylon mirmulans Contents 1 Distribution 2 Ecology 3 Species 3 1 Formerly placed here 4 References 5 External linksDistribution EditThe genus is distributed mainly in North and South America but also in Africa Madagascar southern Asia and various oceanic islands 4 Some species such as gum bully S lanuginosum S tenax and buckthorn bully S lycioides are found in subtropical areas of North America The only South African species the white milkwood S inerme is associated with three historical sites and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity 7 8 Ecology EditSeveral species have become rare due to logging and other forms of habitat destruction The Tambalacoque S grandiflorum syn Calvaria major of Mauritius was affected by the extinction of the birds which dispersed its seed it was suggested that the species entirely depended on the dodo Raphus cucullatus for that purpose and nearly became a victim of coextinction but this is not correct 9 10 Bully trees provide food for the larvae of certain Lepidoptera such as the bumelia webworm moth Urodus parvula as well as several species of Coleoptera of the genus Plinthocoelium commonly known as bumelia borers Species EditAccepted species 4 Sideroxylon acunae Borhidi T D Penn Cuba Sideroxylon alachuense L C Anderson Florida Sideroxylon altamiranoi Rose amp Standl T D Penn Hidalgo Queretaro Sideroxylon americanum Mill T D Penn Yucatan West Indies Sideroxylon anomalum Urb T D Penn Barahona Sideroxylon beguei Capuron ex Aubrev Madagascar Sideroxylon bequaertii De Wild Zaire Sideroxylon betsimisarakum Lecomte Madagascar Sideroxylon borbonicum A DC Reunion Sideroxylon boutonianum A DC Mauritius Sideroxylon bullatum R A Howard amp Proctor T D Penn Jamaica Sideroxylon canariense Leyens Lobin amp A Santos Canary Is Sideroxylon cantoniense Lour SE China Sideroxylon capiri A DC Pittier Mesoamerica West Indies Sideroxylon capuronii Aubrev Madagascar Sideroxylon cartilagineum Cronquist T D Penn Sinaloa Jalisco Guerrero Sideroxylon celastrinum Kunth T D Penn Texas Mesoamerica Colombia Venezuela Cuba Bahamas Sideroxylon cinereum Lam Mauritius Sideroxylon contrerasii Lundell T D Penn Mesoamerica Sideroxylon cubense Griseb T D Penn West Indies Sideroxylon discolor Radcl Sm Socotra Sideroxylon dominicanum Whetstone amp T A Atk T D Penn Dominican Rep Sideroxylon durifolium Standl T D Penn Chiapas Belize Sideroxylon ekmanianum Urb Bisse J E Gut amp Iglesias Cuba Sideroxylon eriocarpum Greenm amp Conz T D Penn Oaxaca Sideroxylon eucoriaceum Lundell T D Penn Veracruz Guatemala Sideroxylon eucuneifolium Lundell T D Penn Guatemala Sideroxylon excavatum T D Penn Guerrero Oaxaca Sideroxylon fimbriatum Balf f Socotra Sideroxylon floribundum Griseb Belize Guatemala Jamaica Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq West Indies S Mexico Guatemala Belize Florida Sideroxylon galeatum A W Hill Baehni Rodrigues Sideroxylon gerrardianum Hook f Aubrev Madagascar Sideroxylon grandiflorum A DC Mauritius Sideroxylon hirtiantherum T D Penn Guatemala Honduras Sideroxylon horridum Griseb T D Penn Cuba Cayman Is Sideroxylon ibarrae Lundell T D Penn Baja Verapaz Sideroxylon inerme L Africa from Somalia to Cape Province Aldabra Juan de Nova I Sideroxylon jubilla Ekman ex Urb T D Penn Cuba Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx United States AZ to SC KY 11 NE Mexico Sideroxylon leucophyllum S Wats Baja California Sonora Sideroxylon lycioides L buckthorn bully United States TX to DE 12 Sideroxylon macrocarpum Nutt J R Allison Georgia Sideroxylon majus Gaertn f Baehni Reunion Sideroxylon marginatum Decne Ex Webb Cape Verde Sideroxylon mascatense A DC T D Penn from Ethiopia to Pakistan Sideroxylon mirmulans R Br Madeira Sideroxylon moaense Bisse amp J E Gut J E Gut Cuba Sideroxylon montanum Sw T D Penn Jamaica Sideroxylon nadeaudii Drake Smedmark amp Anderb Tahiti Sideroxylon nervosum Wall ex G Don Myanmar Sideroxylon obovatum Lam West Indies Venezuela Sideroxylon obtusifolium Roem amp Schult T D Penn from Veracruz to Paraguay Sideroxylon occidentale Hemsl T D Penn Baja California Sonora Sideroxylon octosepalum Urb T D Penn Clarendon Sideroxylon oxyacanthum Baill Ethiopia Eritrea Saudi Arabia Sideroxylon palmeri Rose T D Penn Mexico Sideroxylon peninsulare Brandegee T D Penn Baja California Sideroxylon persimile Hemsl T D Penn Mesoamerica Colombia Venezuela Trinidad Sideroxylon picardae Urb T D Penn Hispaniola Sideroxylon polynesicum Hillebr Smedmark amp Anderb Hawaii Rapa Iti Sideroxylon portoricense Urb Mesoamerica Greater Antilles Sideroxylon puberulum A DC Mauritius Sideroxylon reclinatum Michx United States LA MS AL GA FL SC 13 Sideroxylon repens Urb and Ekman T D Penn Hispaniola Sideroxylon retinerve T D Penn Honduras Sideroxylon rotundifolium Sw T D Penn Jamaica Sideroxylon rubiginosum T D Penn Dominican Rep Sideroxylon salicifolium L Lam West Indies Mesoamerica Florida Sideroxylon saxorum Lecomte Madagascar Sideroxylon sessiliflorum Poir Capuron ex Aubrev Mauritius Sideroxylon socorrense Brandegee T D Penn Socorro I Sideroxylon st johnianum H J Lam amp B Meeuse Smedmark amp Anderb Henderson I Sideroxylon stenospermum Standl T D Penn Mesoamerica Sideroxylon stevensonii Standl Standl amp Steyerm Chiapas Belize Guatemala Sideroxylon tambolokoko Aubrev Madagascar Sideroxylon tenax L United States FL GA SC NC 14 Sideroxylon tepicense Standl T D Penn Mesoamerica Sideroxylon thornei Cronquist T D Penn USA FL GA AL 15 Sideroxylon verruculosum Cronquist T D Penn Mexico Sideroxylon wightianum S Mori Guizhou Yunnan Guangdong Vietnam Formerly placed here Edit Argania spinosa L Skeels as S spinosum L 16 Micropholis acutangula Ducke Eyma as S acutangulum Ducke 16 Micropholis crassipedicellata Mart amp Eichler ex Miq Pierre as S crassipedicellatum Mart amp Eichler ex Miq 16 Micropholis guyanensis A DC Pierre as S guyanense A DC 16 Micropholis rugosa Sw Pierre as S rugosum Sw Roem amp Schult 16 Olinia ventosa L Cufod as S cymosum L f 16 Planchonella australis R Br Pierre as S australe R Br Benth amp Hook f ex F Muell 16 Planchonella costata Endl Pierre as S costatum Endl F Muell 16 Planchonella eerwah F M Bailey P Royen as S eerwah F M Bailey 16 Pouteria elegans A DC Baehni as S elegans A DC 16 Pouteria macrantha Merr Baehni as S macranthum Merr 16 Pouteria sapota Jacq H E Moore amp Stearn as S sapota Jacq 16 Pouteria reticulata Engl Eyma as S uniloculare Donn Sm 16 Synsepalum dulcificum Schumach Daniell as S dulcificum Schumach A DC 16 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sideroxylon Wikispecies has information related to Sideroxylon Genus Sideroxylon L Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture 2009 09 30 Retrieved 2010 11 01 lectotype designated by Baillon Bull Mens Soc Linn Paris 908 1891 a b Tropicos Sideroxylon L a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Linnaeus Carl von 1753 Species Plantarum 1 192 193 in Latin Gledhill D 2008 The Names of Plants 4 ed Cambridge University Press p 352 ISBN 978 0 521 86645 3 Flora of North America Vol 8 Page 236 Bully Sideroxylon Linnaeus Sp Pl 1 192 1753 Gen Pl ed 5 89 1754 Flora of China Vol 15 Page 212 铁榄属 tie lan shu Sinosideroxylon Engler Aubreville Adansonia n s 3 32 1963 Witmer M C A S Cheke 1991 The dodo and the tambalacoque tree an obligate mutualism reconsidered Oikos 61 1 133 137 doi 10 2307 3545415 JSTOR 3545415 Hershey D R 2004 The widespread misconception that the tambalacoque absolutely required the dodo for its seeds to germinate Plant Science Bulletin 50 105 108 Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map Sideroxylon lanuginosum Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map Sideroxylon lycioides Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map Sideroxylon reclinatum Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map Sideroxylon tenax Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map Sideroxylon thornei a b c d e f g h i j k l m n GRIN Species Records of Sideroxylon Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 2010 09 10 External links Edit Sideroxylon Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sideroxylon amp oldid 1128012716, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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