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List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Suffolk

May 07, 2024

This article is about SSSIs in Suffolk. For other counties, see List of SSSIs by Area of Search.

52°10′N 1°0′E / 52.167°N 1.000°E / 52.167; 1.000 (Suffolk)

View over a pond from a bird hide at Lackford Lakes

Suffolk is a county in East Anglia. It is bounded by Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west, Essex to the south and the North Sea to the east. With an area of 1,466 square miles (3,800 km2), it is the eighth largest county in England,[1] and in mid-2016 the population was 745,000.[2] At the top level of local government is Suffolk County Council, and below it are 5 borough and district councils: Babergh, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, West Suffolk and East Suffolk.[3] Much of the coast consists of the estuaries of the Orwell, Stour, Alde, Deben and Blyth rivers, with large areas of wetlands and marshes. Agriculture and shipping play a major role in the county's economy.[1]

In England, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) are designated by Natural England, a non-departmental public body which is responsible for protecting England's natural environment. Designation as an SSSI gives legal protection to the most important wildlife and geological sites.[4] As of October 2017 there are 142 SSSIs in Suffolk,[5] of which 109 are biological, 28 geological and 5 are designated under both criteria.

One site is in the Dedham Vale, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), and thirty-six are in another AONB, Suffolk Coast and Heaths. There are thirty-three Geological Conservation Review sites, twenty-three Nature Conservation Review sites, twenty Special Areas of Conservation, thirty Special Protection Areas under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds, eight Ramsar internationally important wetland sites, seven national nature reserves and four contain scheduled monuments. Six sites are local nature reserves, twenty-seven are managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust, five by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and one by the National Trust. The largest is Breckland Forest at 18,126-hectare (44,790-acre), which is partly in Norfolk and has several invertebrates on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,[6] and the smallest is a 0.1-hectare (0.25-acre) meadow in London Road Industrial Estate, Brandon, which has the largest known wild population in Britain of the nationally rare sunflower Artemisia campestris.[7]

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Key edit

Sites edit

Site name Photograph B G Area Public
access 		Location Other
classifications 		Map[a] Citation[b] Description
Abbey Wood, Flixton    Y 18.0 hectares (44 acres)[8] NO Flixton
52°25′19″N 1°24′11″E / 52.422°N 1.403°E / 52.422; 1.403 (Abbey Wood, Flixton)
TM 315 859[8] 		Map Citation 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine This ancient woodland is managed as coppice with standards. Common trees include hazel, hornbeam and oak. The flora are diverse with dog's mercury dominant, and there is one rare species, thin-spiked wood sedge.[9]
Alde–Ore Estuary    Y  Y 2,534.0 hectares (6,262 acres)[10] PP Woodbridge
52°06′N 1°30′E / 52.1°N 1.5°E / 52.1; 1.5 (Alde-Ore Estuary)
TM 425 512[10] 		GCR,[11][12] NCR[13] NNR[14][15] NT,[16] Ramsar,[17][18] RSPB,[19] SAC,[20][21] SCHAONB,[22] SPA,[23][24] SWT[25][26][27] Map Citation 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Natural England describes the scientific interests of the site as "outstanding and diverse". It has the second largest and best preserved area of vegetated shingle in Britain. The birdlife is nationally important, and there are several rare spiders. Gedgrave Cliff has fossiliferous strata dating to the early Pliocene Coralline Crag Formation.[28]
Aldeburgh Brick Pit    Y 0.9 hectares (2.2 acres)[29] NO Aldeburgh
52°09′32″N 1°34′59″E / 52.159°N 1.583°E / 52.159; 1.583 (Aldeburgh Brick Pit)
TM 452 572[29] 		GCR,[30] SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine This pit has a sequence of deposits dating to the Pleistocene, and it is one of the few to have deposits dating to the Bramertonian Stage, around two million years ago. It has been fundamental to two studies of the early Pleistocene in the area.[31]
Aldeburgh Hall Pit    Y 1.0 hectare (2.5 acres)[32] NO Aldeburgh
52°09′11″N 1°34′59″E / 52.153°N 1.583°E / 52.153; 1.583 (Aldeburgh Hall Pit)
TM 452 566[32] 		GCR,[33] SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has very fossiliferous rocks of the early Pliocene Coralline Crag Formation around five million years ago. The bryozoan fauna are rich and diverse, and the stratification may indicate the interior of an offshore sandbank.[34]
Arger Fen    Y 49.7 hectares (123 acres)[35] YES Sudbury
51°59′10″N 0°48′43″E / 51.986°N 0.812°E / 51.986; 0.812 (Arger Fen)
TL 932 357[35] 		DVAONB,[36] LNR,[37][38] SWT[39] Map Most of this site is ancient woodland, and there are also areas of fen and wet grassland on lower slopes. Tiger Hill has dry, acidic grassland, with old anthills, mosses and lichens, and there are several badger setts.[40]
Bangrove Wood, Ixworth    Y 18.6 hectares (46 acres)[41] NO Bury St Edmunds
52°18′47″N 0°49′48″E / 52.313°N 0.83°E / 52.313; 0.83 (Bangrove Wood, Ixworth)
TL 930 721[41] 		Map Citation 2013-12-19 at the Wayback Machine This is ancient coppice with standards on clay soil with diverse herb flora. The most common trees are ash, field maple and hazel, with many oak standards. Flora include early purple orchid, wood anemone and pale wood violet.[42]
Barking Woods    Y 98.7 hectares (244 acres)[43] PP Ipswich
52°08′N 1°02′E / 52.13°N 1.03°E / 52.13; 1.03 (Barking Woods)
TM 077 521[43] 		SWT[44] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient woodlands have been documented since 1251. The canopy is mainly oak, ash and silver birch, and other trees include the rare wild pear. The flora is diverse, including herb paris, ramsons, sanicle and early purple orchid.[45]
Barnby Broad and Marshes    Y 192.7 hectares (476 acres)[46] PP Beccles
52°28′N 1°38′E / 52.46°N 1.64°E / 52.46; 1.64 (Barnby Broad and Marshes)
TM 477 910[46] 		Ramsar,[47][48] SAC,[49][50] SPA,[51][52] SWT[53][54] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has grazing marshes, fen, carr woodland, open water and dykes. The diverse plant communities include many rare and uncommon species. Several rare birds breed there, and the site is also interesting entomologically. Otters hunt in the fen and waterways.[55]
Barnham Heath    Y 78.6 hectares (194 acres)[56] NO Barnham
52°23′02″N 0°45′50″E / 52.384°N 0.764°E / 52.384; 0.764 (Barnham Heath)
TL 882 798[56] 		NCR,[57] SPA[58][59] Map This site has areas of acidic heathland with damp grassland in river valleys. Gravel workings and scrub have produced habitats valuable to birds such as nightingales and whitethroats. Birds found on open heathland include stone-curlews, a protected species, and wheatears. Six species of lichen and eight of moss have been recorded.[60]
Bawdsey Cliff    Y 17.4 hectares (43 acres)[61] YES Felixstowe
52°00′00″N 1°24′58″E / 52.0°N 1.416°E / 52.0; 1.416 (Bawdsey Cliff)
TM 346 386[61] 		GCR,[62][63] SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This 2-kilometre (1.2-mile) long section provides the largest exposure of the Early Pleistocene Red Crag Formation, and it is rich in fossils of marine molluscs. It is described by Natural England as having great potential for the study of non-glacial Pleistocene environments.[64]
Berner's Heath    Y 235.9 hectares (583 acres)[65] PL Bury St Edmunds
52°22′N 0°38′E / 52.36°N 0.64°E / 52.36; 0.64 (Berner's Heath)
TL 797 763[65] 		NCR,[66] SAC,[67][68] SPA[58][59] Map Most of the heath is dominated by heather, and there are also areas of woodland, scrub, calcareous grassland and lichen-rich grassland. The heather varies in age as it has been rotationally burnt, and the oldest heather has the most diverse flora and insects.[69]
Bixley Heath    Y 5.1 hectares (13 acres) YES Ipswich
52°02′28″N 1°12′18″E / 52.041°N 1.205°E / 52.041; 1.205 (Bixley Heath)
TM 199 429 		LNR[70] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has areas of dry heath on high ground and swamp in a valley bottom. The heath is dominated by common heather, and other plants include bell heather and sheep's fescue. There is a dense stand of lesser pond-sedge in the swamp.[71]
Black Ditches, Cavenham    Y 1.6 hectares (4.0 acres)[72] NO Bury St Edmunds
52°17′06″N 0°35′56″E / 52.285°N 0.599°E / 52.285; 0.599 (Black Ditches, Cavenham)
TL 774 684[72] 		SM[73][74] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is species-rich grassland, a scarce habitat in East Anglia, on a stretch of an early Anglo-Saxon boundary earthwork. There are a number of locally and nationally rare plants. Calcareous scrub and deciduous woodland provide additional ecological interest.[75]
Blaxhall Heath    Y 45.9 hectares (113 acres)[76] YES Woodbridge
52°09′18″N 1°28′41″E / 52.155°N 1.478°E / 52.155; 1.478 (Blaxhall Heath)
TM 380 565[76] 		SCHAONB,[22] SM,[77] SPA,[78][79] SWT[80] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This dry lowland heath has large areas of heather which support diverse lichens and mosses, and other areas of grassland which are grazed by rabbits. Heathland birds include nightjars and tree pipits.[81]
Blo' Norton and Thelnetham Fens    Y 21.2 hectares (52 acres)[82] YES Thelnetham
52°22′12″N 0°57′40″E / 52.37°N 0.961°E / 52.37; 0.961 (Blo' Norton and Thelnetham Fens)
TM 017 788[82] 		NCR,[83] SAC,[84][85] SWT[86] Map[c] The site is designated mainly because of its open carr fen communities, although further interest is provided by areas of carr woodland and meadows. Calcareous fen flora include black bog rush, saw sedge, purple moor grass and fen orchid.[87]
Bobbitshole, Belstead    Y 1.7 hectares (4.2 acres)[88] NO Ipswich
52°01′44″N 1°07′52″E / 52.029°N 1.131°E / 52.029; 1.131 (Bobbitshole, Belstead)
TM 149 414[88] 		GCR[89] Map Citation 18 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine This is the type locality for the warm Ipswichian interglacial around 130,000 to 115,000 year ago. It has yielded continuous deposits from the end of the preceding Wolstonian cold stage to the end of the Ipswichian. It is described by Natural England as a "nationally important Pleistocene reference site".[90]
Bradfield Woods    Y 81.4 hectares (201 acres)[91] YES Bury St Edmunds
52°11′N 0°49′E / 52.18°N 0.82°E / 52.18; 0.82 (Bradfield Woods)
TL 930 576[91] 		NNR,[15][92] SWT[93] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These woods have a history of coppicing dating to before 1252, producing a very high diversity of flora, with over 370 plant species recorded. Uncommon woodland flowers include oxlip, herb paris and ramson. There is also a rich variety of fungi, with two species not recorded elsewhere in Britain.[94]
Breckland Farmland    Y 13,392.4 hectares (33,093 acres)[95] NO Brandon
52°24′N 0°36′E / 52.4°N 0.6°E / 52.4; 0.6 (Breckland Farmland)
TL 796 852[95] 		SPA[58][59] Map[c] Citation 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine The site is designated an SSSI for its internationally important population of stone-curlews. These birds nest in March on bare ground in cultivated land with very short vegetation. Fields with sugar beet and vegetables and no recreational disturbance are preferred.[96]
Breckland Forest    Y  Y 18,126.0 hectares (44,790 acres)[97] PP Brandon
52°24′N 0°42′E / 52.4°N 0.7°E / 52.4; 0.7 (Breckland Forest)
TL 822 872[97] 		GCR,[98][99] LNR,[100] SPA[58][59] Map[c] Citation 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine The forest has breeding Woodlarks and nightjars in internationally important numbers, and several nationally rare vascular plants and invertebrates on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. There are also geological sites which provide evidence of the environmental and human history of East Anglia during the Middle Pleistocene.[6]
Brent Eleigh Woods    Y 31.7 hectares (78 acres)[101] NO Sudbury
52°05′N 0°50′E / 52.09°N 0.83°E / 52.09; 0.83 (Brent Eleigh Woods)
TL 938 473[101] 		Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site consists of three separate areas, Spragg’s, Langley and Camps Woods. They are ancient woodland on calcareous clay soils. The main trees are oak and ash, and there are ponds and a stream.[102]
Buckanay Farm Pit, Alderton    Y 0.7 hectares (1.7 acres)[103] YES Woodbridge
52°01′48″N 1°25′59″E / 52.03°N 1.433°E / 52.03; 1.433 (Buckanay Farm Pit, Alderton)
TM 356 424[103] 		GCR,[104] SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine

This fossiliferous site exposes rocks of the marine Red Crag Formation, with a megaripple sequence showing the gradual reduction in depth of the sea.[105] The Red Crag spans the end of the Pliocene around 2.6 million years ago and the start of the succeeding Pleistocene.[106]

Bugg's Hole Fen, Thelnetham    Y 3.7 hectares (9.1 acres)[107] NO Thelnetham
52°22′23″N 0°56′38″E / 52.373°N 0.944°E / 52.373; 0.944 (Bugg's Hole Fen, Thelnetham)
TM 005 791[107] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This calcareous fen in the valley of the River Little Ouse has a range of habitats. Fen grassland has flora such as grass of parnassus and bog pimpernel, there are southern marsh orchid and marsh pennywort in marsh grassland, and spring-fed tall fen has lesser water parsnip.[108]
Burgate Wood    Y 29.9 hectares (74 acres)[109] NO Burgate
52°20′24″N 1°02′42″E / 52.34°N 1.045°E / 52.34; 1.045 (Burgate Wood)
TM 075 757[109] 		SM[110] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is ancient coppice with standards oak and hornbeam woodland. The flora is diverse, including the rare lungwort and the uncommon herb paris, yellow archangel and hairy woodrush.[111]
Cavendish Woods    Y 53.5 hectares (132 acres)[112] PP Sudbury
52°07′N 0°37′E / 52.11°N 0.61°E / 52.11; 0.61 (Cavendish Woods)
TL 791 495[112] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient woods are managed as coppice with standards. The main standard tree is oak, and the flora is diverse, including the uncommon oxlip. There are many fallow deer, and breeding birds include woodcock, common snipe and treecreeper.[113]
Cavenham–Icklingham Heaths    Y 419.0 hectares (1,035 acres)[114] YES Bury St Edmunds
52°20′N 0°34′E / 52.33°N 0.57°E / 52.33; 0.57 (Cavenham–Icklingham Heaths)
TL 751 732[114] 		NCR,[115] NNR,[116][15] SAC,[67][68] SPA[58][59] Map This site has habitats of heath and grassland, with smaller areas of woodland and fen, in the flood-plain of the River Lark. It is described by Natural England as of national importance for its invertebrate species, including some which are rare and endangered, and it also has nationally rare flora and nationally scarce bryophytes.[117]
Cherry Hill and The Gallops, Barton Mills    Y 10.4 hectares (26 acres)[118] YES Bury St Edmunds
52°19′05″N 0°31′34″E / 52.318°N 0.526°E / 52.318; 0.526 (Cherry Hill and The Gallops, Barton Mills)
TL 723 719[118] 		NCR[119] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site consists of road verges which have calcareous grassland with four nationally rare plants, and two locally uncommon ones, sand catchfly and yellow medick. There is also a strip of pine plantation which has several rare insects.[120]
Chillesford Church Pit    Y 1.1 hectares (2.7 acres)[121] NO Woodbridge
52°07′01″N 1°28′41″E / 52.117°N 1.478°E / 52.117; 1.478 (Chillesford Church Pit)
TM 382 522[121] 		GCR,[122] SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has deposits dating to the Early Pleistocene Bramertonian Stage, around 2.4 to 1.8 million years ago. Fossils of molluscs and pollen indicate a temperate climate dating to the Chillesford Crag, which is part of the Norwich Crag Formation.[123]
Chippenhall Green    Y 16.3 hectares (40 acres)[124] YES Eye
52°19′59″N 1°21′18″E / 52.333°N 1.355°E / 52.333; 1.355 (Chippenhall Green)
TM 287 758[124] 		Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This unimproved grassland on calcareous clay soil has grasses including meadow foxtail, sweet vernal grass and red fescue. Diverse flowering plants include cuckoo flowers and a large population of green-winged orchids.[125]
Combs Wood    Y 15.1 hectares (37 acres)[126] YES Stowmarket
52°10′16″N 1°00′14″E / 52.171°N 1.004°E / 52.171; 1.004 (Combs Wood)
TM 055 568[126] 		SWT[127] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is ancient coppice woodland on boulder clay, with variable quantities of sand and loess resulting in different soil types. In areas of pedunculate oak and hornbeam the ground flora is sparse, but it is rich and diverse in ash and maple woodland. Grassy rides and a pond provide additional habitats for invertebrates.[128]
Cornard Mere    Y 8.5 hectares (21 acres)[129] YES Sudbury
52°00′58″N 0°45′00″E / 52.016°N 0.75°E / 52.016; 0.75 (Cornard Mere, Little Cornard)
TL 888 389[129] 		SWT[130] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has diverse habitats, with fen which is seasonally flooded, ruderal herb vegetation, woodland, grassland and scrub. Flora include water mint, gypsywort, skullcap, ragged robin and southern marsh orchid.[131]
Corton Cliffs    Y 5.5 hectares (14 acres)[132] YES Lowestoft
52°30′32″N 1°45′00″E / 52.509°N 1.75°E / 52.509; 1.75 (Corton Cliffs)
TM 546 967[132] 		GCR[133] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is described by Natural England as a "nationally important" site, as it is the type locality for the Anglian glaciation around 450,000 years ago. The Anglian was the most extreme ice age of the Pleistocene epoch. The site displays the complete Anglian sequence and its relation to the preceding Cromerian stage.[134]
Crag Farm Pit, Sudbourne    Y 4.8 hectares (12 acres)[135] NO Woodbridge
52°06′58″N 1°32′42″E / 52.116°N 1.545°E / 52.116; 1.545 (Crag Farm Pit, Sudbourne)
TM 428 523[135] 		GCR,[136] SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site dates to the early Pliocene, around four million years ago. It is described by Natural England as an important geological site, which has the best exposure of sandwave facies of the Coralline Crag Formation. Fossils of many bryozoan species are present.[137]
Crag Pit, Aldeburgh    Y 0.2 hectares (0.49 acres)[138] NO Aldeburgh
52°09′54″N 1°35′35″E / 52.165°N 1.593°E / 52.165; 1.593 (Crag Pit, Aldeburgh)
TM 458 580[138] 		GCR,[139] SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is the most northern site which exposes the Pliocene Coralline Crag Formation, which dates to around five million years ago. It has rich and diverse fossils, including many bryozoans, and other fauna include serpulids and several boring forms.[140]
Crag Pit, Sutton    Y 0.7 hectares (1.7 acres)[141] NO Woodbridge
52°03′36″N 1°22′44″E / 52.06°N 1.379°E / 52.06; 1.379 (Crag Pit, Sutton)
TM 317 456[141] 		SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This small disused quarry is short rabbit-grazed grassland which supports one of only two British colonies of the endangered Small Alison flowering plants. Herbs include the uncommon mossy stonecrop.[142]
Cransford Meadow    Y 4.6 hectares (11 acres)[143] NO Woodbridge
52°13′30″N 1°23′53″E / 52.225°N 1.398°E / 52.225; 1.398 (Cransford Meadow)
TM 322 640[143] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This unimproved meadow has a rich variety of flora. There are grasses such as creeping bent, meadow foxtail, sweet vernal-grass, crested dog's tail, perennial rye-grass and rough-stalked meadow-grass. It is one of only two sites in the county for ladies mantle Alchemilla filicaulis vestita.
Creeting St Mary Pits    Y 5.4 hectares (13 acres)[144] PP Ipswich
52°09′25″N 1°03′47″E / 52.157°N 1.063°E / 52.157; 1.063 (Creeting St. Mary Pits)
TM 096 554[144] 		GCR[145] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These former quarries are the type site for the 'Creeting Sands', which are believed to be intertidal and shallow marine deposits from an early Pleistocene interglacial. It is described by Natural England as a key stratigraphic site.[146]
Deadman's Grave, Icklingham    Y 127.3 hectares (315 acres)[147] PP Bury St Edmunds
52°20′N 0°37′E / 52.34°N 0.61°E / 52.34; 0.61 (Deadman's Grave, Icklingham)
TL 779 742[147] 		NCR,[148] SAC,[67][68] SPA[58][59] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine According to Natural England, this site "is largely covered by short, sheep-grazed, species-rich calcareous grassland of the very highest value." It has four nationally rare plants, Spanish catchfly, Boehmer's cat's-tail, Breckland Wild Thyme and spring speedwell. Nationally rare stone-curlews breed there.[149]
Deben Estuary SSSI    Y 981.1 hectares (2,424 acres)[150] PP Woodbridge
52°02′N 1°21′E / 52.04°N 1.35°E / 52.04; 1.35 (Deben Estuary)
TM 296 434[150] 		Ramsar,[151][152] SCHAONB,[22] SPA[153][154] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The site has been designated an SSSI for its overwintering waders and wildfowl, and for its diverse saltmarshes. It has internationally important numbers of overwintering redshanks and nationally important of dark-bellied brent geese, shelducks and black-tailed godwits. The estuary also has three nationally rare plants and a nationally rare mollusc.[155]
Dew's Ponds    Y 6.7 hectares (17 acres)[156] NO Halesworth
52°17′35″N 1°30′07″E / 52.293°N 1.502°E / 52.293; 1.502 (Dew's Ponds)
TM 389 719[156] 		SAC[157][158] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has a variety of types of grassland, hedges and ditches, on chalk overlain by boulder clay. However, it has been designated an SSSI primarily because it has twelve ponds with one of the largest breeding populations of great crested newts in Britain. There are also grass snakes, smooth newts and slowworms.[157][159]
Edwardstone Woods    Y 27.0 hectares (67 acres)[160] NO Sudbury
52°02′46″N 0°49′08″E / 52.046°N 0.819°E / 52.046; 0.819 (Edwardstone Woods)
TL 934 424[160] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These are ancient coppice with standards woods, which are mainly ash, maple and hazel, but there are large stands of hornbeam and small-leaved lime in some areas. The diverse ground flora is typical of Suffolk boulder clay soils.[161]
Elmsett Park Wood    Y 8.6 hectares (21 acres)[162] NO Ipswich
52°04′37″N 1°00′43″E / 52.077°N 1.012°E / 52.077; 1.012 (Elmsett Park Wood)
TM 065 464[162] 		Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This coppice with standards site has diverse woodland types and ground flora. Plants indicative of ancient woodland include nettle-leaved bellflower, wood spurge, butterfly orchid and the uncommon spurge laurel.[163]
Eriswell Low Warren    Y 7.4 hectares (18 acres)[164] NO Brandon
52°23′02″N 0°33′14″E / 52.384°N 0.554°E / 52.384; 0.554 (Eriswell Low Warren)
TL 739 793[164] 		NCR,[165] SPA[58][59] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The site is mainly unimproved acidic grassland on sandy soils, which has a variety of typical Breckland flora, and there are also areas of lichens and bryophytes. Rare plants include purple-stem cat's-tail, spring speedwell, Spanish catchfly and perennial knawel.[166]
Fakenham Wood and Sapiston Great Grove    Y 200.7 hectares (496 acres)[167] NO Bury St Edmunds
52°22′N 0°50′E / 52.36°N 0.83°E / 52.36; 0.83 (Fakenham Wood and Sapiston Great Grove)
TL 928 773[167] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These two coppice with standards woods comprise one of the largest areas of ancient woodland in the county. The ground flora is dominated by bracken and bramble, but there are also rides which provide habitats for butterflies, including the largest colony of white admirals in Suffolk.[168]
Ferry Cliff, Sutton    Y 2.8 hectares (6.9 acres)[169] FP Woodbridge
52°05′20″N 1°19′26″E / 52.089°N 1.324°E / 52.089; 1.324 (Ferry Cliff, Sutton)
TM 278 486[169] 		GCR,[170] SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site exposes rocks dating to the paleocene, around 60 million years ago. It has the oldest British fossils of rodents, and ungulates, both even and odd toed. It also has early hyracotheriums.[171]
Flixton Quarry    Y 0.2 hectares (0.49 acres)[172] YES Bungay
52°25′23″N 1°22′01″E / 52.423°N 1.367°E / 52.423; 1.367 (Flixton Quarry)
TM 290 859[172] 		GCR[173] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has sands and gravels which are thought to be a glacial outwash dating to the most extreme ice age of the Pleistocene epoch, the Anglian glaciation around 450,000 years ago. It is described by Natural England as important because of its relationship with deposits of the succeeding Hoxnian Stage.[174]
Fox Fritillary Meadow    Y 2.4 hectares (5.9 acres)[175] NO Stowmarket
52°12′00″N 1°12′07″E / 52.2°N 1.202°E / 52.2; 1.202 (Fox Fritillary Meadow, Framsden)
TM 189 606[175] 		SWT[176] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This unimproved meadow is located on heavy alluvial soils at the bottom of a valley. It has a rich variety of flora, including the herbs cowslip, cuckooflower and ragged robin, together with the largest population in East Anglia of the rare snake's head fritillary.[177]
Foxhole Heath    Y 85.2 hectares (211 acres)[178] YES Brandon
52°22′N 0°33′E / 52.37°N 0.55°E / 52.37; 0.55 (Foxhole Heath)
TL 736 781[178] 		NCR,[179] SAC,[67][68] SPA[58][59] Map Citation 23 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine The heath is mainly covered by lichens and mosses, with smaller areas of heather and grassland. Much of it is grazed by rabbits. There are three nationally rare plants, and one rare bird, the stone-curlew: over one percent of this species in Britain breed on the site, and they also use it as a gathering ground for their autumn migration.[180]
Freston and Cutler's Woods with Holbrook Park    Y 142.0 hectares (351 acres)[181] PP Ipswich
52°01′N 1°08′E / 52.01°N 1.14°E / 52.01; 1.14 (Freston and Cutler's Woods with Holbrook Park)
TM 153 388[181] 		SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient woods have woodland types typical of spring-fed valleys and light sandy soils. Holbrook Park has coppice stools over 3 metres in diameter, among the largest in Britain. Sweet chestnut, which was introduced in the Middle Ages, is found widely, and other trees include the rare wild service tree.[182]
Frithy and Chadacre Woods    Y 28.7 hectares (71 acres)[183] YES Bury St Edmunds
52°09′N 0°43′E / 52.15°N 0.72°E / 52.15; 0.72 (Frithy and Chadacre Woods)
TL 859 536[183] 		Map These are ancient semi-natural woods of the wet ash and maple type. The diverse ground flora includes early purple orchid, twayblade, gromwell and bluebell.[184]
The Gardens, Great Ashfield    Y 3.8 hectares (9.4 acres)[185] NO Bury St Edmunds
52°16′26″N 0°55′37″E / 52.274°N 0.927°E / 52.274; 0.927 (The Gardens, Great Ashfield)
TL 998 680[185] 		Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient meadows are traditionally managed by grazing and cutting for hay. They have a rich variety of flora, such as green-winged orchid, bee orchid, common twayblade, pepper saxifrage, adder's tongue fern and ox-eye daisy.[186]
Gedgrave Hall Pit    Y 0.6 hectares (1.5 acres)[187] NO Woodbridge
52°04′59″N 1°30′32″E / 52.083°N 1.509°E / 52.083; 1.509 (Gedgrave Hall Pit)
TM 405 485[187] 		GCR,[188] SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The site consists to two pits dating to the early Pliocene Coralline Crag Formation. The smaller pit has many well-preserved mollusc fossils, whereas those in the larger pit are highly abraded and poorly preserved.[189]
Gipping Great Wood    Y 25.9 hectares (64 acres)[190] NO Stowmarket
52°13′16″N 1°02′10″E / 52.221°N 1.036°E / 52.221; 1.036 (Gipping Great Wood)
TM 075 624[190] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is an ancient coppice with standards wood with a variety of woodland types. There are many hornbeams, and other trees include oak and ash. Wet rides, a pond and a stream provide additional ecological interest.[191]
Glemsford Pits    Y 33.2 hectares (82 acres)[192] PP Sudbury
52°05′06″N 0°40′52″E / 52.085°N 0.681°E / 52.085; 0.681 (Glemsford Pits)
TL 838 463[192] 		Map[d] Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Thirteen species of dragonfly and damselfly have been recorded in these former gravel workings, including one which is rare in Britain, the ruddy darter dragonfly. Aquatic plants include the yellow water-lily and mare's tail.[193]
The Glen Chalk Caves, Bury St Edmunds    Y 1.6 hectares (4.0 acres)[194] PP Bury St Edmunds
52°14′53″N 0°43′44″E / 52.248°N 0.729°E / 52.248; 0.729 (The Glen Chalk Caves, Bury St Edmunds)
TL 864 646[194] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Tunnels totalling 200 metres in length radiate from a chalk pit, which also contains a disused lime kiln. The tunnels and kiln are used by five species of bat for hibernation, and the surrounding vegetation helps to maintain a suitable micro-climate in the caves. The principal species are Daubenton's, Natterer's and brown long-eared bats.[195]
Gosbeck Wood    Y 22.8 hectares (56 acres)[196] YES Ipswich
52°09′32″N 1°08′02″E / 52.159°N 1.134°E / 52.159; 1.134 (Gosbeck Wood)
TM 145 556[196] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is an ancient coppice with standards wood mainly on boulder clay, with some areas of sandy soil. Dog's mercury is dominant in the ground flora, and other plants include spurge laurel, wood spurge, herb paris and hairy woodrush.[197]
Great Blakenham Pit    Y 2.3 hectares (5.7 acres)[198] NO Great Blakenham
52°06′25″N 1°05′13″E / 52.107°N 1.087°E / 52.107; 1.087 (Great Blakenham Pit)
TM 115 499[198] 		GCR[199] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is described by Natural England as a key site for Pleistocene studies. It has a sequence of early and middle Pleistocene deposits, including from the ancient course of the River Thames through East Anglia, and from the severe Anglian ice age around 450,000 years ago.[200]
Gromford Meadow    Y 1.7 hectares (4.2 acres)[201] NO Saxmundham
52°10′30″N 1°29′17″E / 52.175°N 1.488°E / 52.175; 1.488 (Gromford Meadow)
TM 386 587[201] 		Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This unimproved base-rich meadow is fed by springs. It has diverse flora with meadowsweet dominant, and other plants include yellow rattle, meadow foxtail, ragged robin, marsh thistle and lesser spearwort.[202]
Groton Wood    Y 20.2 hectares (50 acres)[203] YES Sudbury
52°03′04″N 0°52′55″E / 52.051°N 0.882°E / 52.051; 0.882 (Groton Wood)
TL 977 431[203] 		SWT[204] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Fifteen species of butterfly have been recorded in this wood, including brimstones, speckled woods and purple hairstreaks. There are many wild cherry trees, and twenty-two seasonal ponds, which have scarce and protected great crested newts.[204]
Gypsy Camp Meadows, Thrandeston    Y 2.4 hectares (5.9 acres)[205] NO Diss
52°21′11″N 1°06′04″E / 52.353°N 1.101°E / 52.353; 1.101 (Gypsy Camp Meadows, Thrandeston)
TM 113 773[205] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These wet meadows on poorly drained boulder clay have a rich variety of flora, and drainage ditches, areas of drier grassland and hedges add to the diversity. Plants include early purple orchid, ragged robin, zig-zag clover and water avens.[206]
Hascot Hill Pit    Y 0.3 hectares (0.74 acres)[207] NO Stowmarket
52°08′35″N 1°00′32″E / 52.143°N 1.009°E / 52.143; 1.009 (Hascot Hill Pit)
TM 060 537[207] 		GCR[208] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is the only known site to expose beach deposits of the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene Red Crag Formation. It has beach cobbles and fossils from a littoral fauna, whereas other Red Crag sites have deposits from deeper water facies.[209]
Hay Wood, Whepstead    Y 10.4 hectares (26 acres)[210] NO Bury St Edmunds
52°11′20″N 0°38′42″E / 52.189°N 0.645°E / 52.189; 0.645 (Hay Wood, Whepstead)
TL 809 578[210] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This ancient wood on poorly drained boulder clay has coppice trees of small-leaved lime and field maple with an understorey of hazel. Flora include wood spurge, herb Paris, ramsons and early purple orchid.[211]
High House Meadows, Monewden    Y 3.0 hectares (7.4 acres)[212] NO Woodbridge
52°10′34″N 1°15′14″E / 52.176°N 1.254°E / 52.176; 1.254 (High House Meadows, Monewden)
TM 226 581[212] 		Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These unimproved meadows have diverse herbs typical of clay pastures. There are scarce species such as autumn crocus, green-winged orchid, sulphur clover and adders-tongue fern.[213]
Hintlesham Woods    Y 118.1 hectares (292 acres)[214] PP Ipswich
52°03′N 1°01′E / 52.05°N 1.01°E / 52.05; 1.01 (Hintlesham Woods)
TM 063 433[214] 		RSPB,[215] NCR[216] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient coppice with standards woods are mainly oak with some ash and birch. The soils are boulder clay, which is covered in some areas with glacial sands. Ground flora include green hellebore, bird's-nest orchid and wood spurge.[217]
Holton Pit    Y 1.6 hectares (4.0 acres)[218] YES Halesworth
52°20′31″N 1°31′44″E / 52.342°N 1.529°E / 52.342; 1.529 (Holton Pit)
TM 405 774[218] 		GCR[219] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is the only site known to show the sequence of the early Pleistocene Westleton Beds together with the overlying Kesgrave Gravels. The Westleton Beds are a coastal gravel accumulation, and the site is close to their inland boundary and throws light on their spatial limits.[220]
Hopton Fen    Y 15.3 hectares (38 acres)[221] YES Diss
52°22′55″N 0°55′19″E / 52.382°N 0.922°E / 52.382; 0.922 (Hopton Fen)
TL 990 800[221] 		SWT[222] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This reed-dominated fen has diverse flora, including devil's bit scabious, black bog-rush, bogbeana and early marsh orchid. The SWT is improving the site by excavating new pools, and introducing grazing to restore the open landscape.[222][223]
Horringer Court Caves    Y 3.8 hectares (9.4 acres)[224] NO Bury St Edmunds
52°13′59″N 0°41′13″E / 52.233°N 0.687°E / 52.233; 0.687 (Horringer Court Caves)
TL 836 628[224] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has over 500 metres (1,600 feet) of chalk mines, with five grilled entrances, which are used by bats for hibernation. They have been the subject of research since 1947. The main bats using the caves are Daubenton's, but other species include the very rare barbastelle, which have been recorded eight times in 36 years.[225]
How Hill Track    Y 3.1 hectares (7.7 acres)[226] YES Bury St Edmunds
52°21′29″N 0°34′23″E / 52.358°N 0.573°E / 52.358; 0.573 (How Hill Track)
TL 753 764[226] 		SPA[58][59] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is a grassland site which provides suitable conditions for seven rare plants, including perennial knawel, small alison, purple-stem cat's tail and sickle medick.[227]
Hoxne Brick Pit    Y 1.3 hectares (3.2 acres)[228] NO Eye
52°20′38″N 1°11′31″E / 52.344°N 1.192°E / 52.344; 1.192 (Hoxne Brick Pit)
TM 175 766[228] 		GCR[229][230] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine In 1797, John Frere suggested that flint hand axes, which he found on this site in a deposit twelve feet deep, were weapons dating to a remote period, and this is the earliest recognition that hand axes were made by early humans. The world famous site also provides the type deposits of the Hoxnian Stage, an interglacial between around 424,000 and 374,000 years ago, which is named after the site.[231][232][233]
Iken Wood    Y 5.3 hectares (13 acres)[234] NO Woodbridge
52°09′18″N 1°29′53″E / 52.155°N 1.498°E / 52.155; 1.498 (Iken Wood)
TM 394 565[234] 		SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is probably the only ancient coppice wood on blown sand in Britain. Massive oak standards are dominant, and there are stools with a diameter of 3 metres (10 feet). Other trees include silver birch, holly and rowan.[235]
Ipswich Heaths    Y 39.4 hectares (97 acres)[236] YES Ipswich
52°02′56″N 1°14′46″E / 52.049°N 1.246°E / 52.049; 1.246 (Ipswich Heaths)
TM 227 439[236] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The site consists of two separate areas in Martlesham Heath and Purdis Heath. They contain heather heath and acid grassland, with clumps of bracken and gorse. This mosaic of habitats is valuable for butterflies. such as the silver-studded blue, common blue and small heath.[237]
Kentwell Woods    Y 77.6 hectares (192 acres)[238] PP Sudbury
52°07′N 0°43′E / 52.12°N 0.71°E / 52.12; 0.71 (Kentwell Woods)
TL 856 496[238] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine There is a variety of different woodland types in this site, and the most common is the wet ash and maple, with hazel also common. They were managed as coppice with standards in the past, and have ground vegetation which is typical of ancient woods.[239]
Knettishall Heath    Y 91.7 hectares (227 acres)[240] YES Thetford
52°23′N 0°52′E / 52.39°N 0.87°E / 52.39; 0.87 (Knettishall Heath)
TL 951 804[240] 		SWT[241] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The site is heath and grassland, mainly on acidic soils, with areas of secondary woodland and wet hollows. There are heathland plants such as sheep's sorrel, tormentil, harebell and heath bedstraw, while wet areas have fen vegetation including water mint and yellow iris.[242]
Lackford Lakes    Y 105.8 hectares (261 acres)[243] YES Bury St Edmunds
52°18′N 0°38′E / 52.3°N 0.64°E / 52.3; 0.64 (Lackford Lakes)
TL 803 707[243] 		SWT[244] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The lakes are disused sand and gravel pits in the valley of the River Lark. There are diverse dragonfly species, and many breeding and overwintering birds, including nationally important numbers of gadwalls and shovelers. Skylarks breed on dry grassland, and lapwings in marshy meadows.[245]
Lakenheath Poor's Fen    Y 5.2 hectares (13 acres)[246] NO Brandon
52°24′58″N 0°30′00″E / 52.416°N 0.5°E / 52.416; 0.5 (Lakenheath Poors Fen)
TL 701 827[246] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is mainly fen with diverse flora, and there are also areas of damp grassland, ditches and dykes. The grassland is grazed by cattle, and it has flowering plants including marsh pennywort and cuckoo flower. The site has a nationally rare plant, marsh pea.[247]
Lakenheath Warren    Y 588.3 hectares (1,454 acres)[248] PP Brandon
52°23′N 0°35′E / 52.39°N 0.59°E / 52.39; 0.59 (Lakenheath Warren)
TL 766 804[248] 		NCR,[165] SAC,[67][68] SPA[58][59] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is the largest remaining area of heath in the Breckland, and it has a history of use for sheep grazing and as a rabbit warren going back to the thirteenth century, and continuing until the Second World War. There are several rare lichens and plants, and over fifty species of breeding birds.[249]
Landguard Common    Y 30.5 hectares (75 acres)[250] YES Felixstowe
51°56′17″N 1°19′23″E / 51.938°N 1.323°E / 51.938; 1.323 (Landguard Common)
TM 285 318[250] 		LNR[251] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This spit on the northern outskirts of Felixstowe has a vegetated shingle beach, which is a fragile and rare habitat. Flora include sea kale, yellow horned poppy, sea sandwort, sea campion and sea pea. Areas of saltmarsh provide cover for small birds.[252]
Laurel Farm Meadow    Y 1.6 hectares (4.0 acres)[253] YES Halesworth
52°22′52″N 1°24′36″E / 52.381°N 1.41°E / 52.381; 1.41 (Laurel Farm Meadow)
TM 322 814[253] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This mesotrophic grassland site has diverse flora, and it is a type of meadow which is rare in Britain and not found in mainland Europe. The soil is chalky clay which is seasonally waterlogged. There are eleven species of grass, herbs such as fairy flax and cowslip, and many green-winged orchids.[254]
Leiston - Aldeburgh    Y 534.8 hectares (1,322 acres)[255] PP Aldeburgh
52°11′N 1°36′E / 52.18°N 1.6°E / 52.18; 1.6 (Leiston - Aldeburgh)
TM 463 597[255] 		LNR,[256] RSPB,[257] SCHAONB,[22] SM,[258] SPA[78][79] Map Citation 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine This diverse site has open water, fen, acid grassland, scrub, woodland, heath and vegetated shingle. There are many breeding and overwintering birds, abundant dragonflies, and nationally scarce plants such as mossy stonecrop and clustered clover.[259]
Lineage Wood & Railway Track, Long Melford    Y 78.7 hectares (194 acres)[260] PP Sudbury
52°06′N 0°46′E / 52.1°N 0.76°E / 52.1; 0.76 (Lineage Wood & Railway Track, Long Melford)
TL 889 484[260] 		Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Lineage Wood has neutral grassland rides with diverse flora, especially orchids such as the greater butterfly, fly orchid, common spotted and bee orchid. 22 species of butterfly have been recorded. The disused railway line also has floristically rich grassland, but the soil is more alkaline.[261]
Lingwood Meadows    Y 2.7 hectares (6.7 acres)[262] NO Stowmarket
52°10′59″N 1°05′38″E / 52.183°N 1.094°E / 52.183; 1.094 (Lingwood Meadows, Earl Stonham)
TM 116 584[262] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient meadows are one of the few surviving examples of unimproved grassland in the county. They have diverse flora, and 20 grass species have been recorded with red fescue and Yorkshire fog dominant. 55 other species include the nationally scarce sulphur clover.[263]
Little Blakenham Pit    Y 3.4 hectares (8.4 acres)[264] NO Ipswich
52°06′00″N 1°04′34″E / 52.1°N 1.076°E / 52.1; 1.076 (Little Blakenham Pit)
TM 108 491[264] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine A 127-metre (417-foot) tunnel from one of these chalk pits is used by hibernating bats, and it is one of the largest underground roosts known in Britain. Around 450 bats use the tunnel, mainly Daubenton's. Bats also share a lime kiln with a badger sett. The site also has chalk grassland.[265]
Little Heath, Barnham    Y 46.2 hectares (114 acres)[266] YES Thetford
52°22′N 0°43′E / 52.37°N 0.72°E / 52.37; 0.72 (Little Heath, Barnham)
TL 850 781[266] 		NCR,[267] SPA[58][59] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Grazing by rabbits and sheep helps to keep the sward on parts of this site as open grassland, but some parts have been invaded by self-sown woodland. The diverse flora in areas grazed by sheep includes field woodrush, hare’s foot clover and harebell. Stone-curlews nest on short and open turf.[268]
London Road Industrial Estate, Brandon    Y 0.1 hectares (0.25 acres)[269] YES Brandon
52°26′20″N 0°36′25″E / 52.439°N 0.607°E / 52.439; 0.607 (London Road Industrial Estate, Brandon)
TL 773 855[269] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This very small meadow in the middle of an industrial estate has been designated an SSSI because it has the largest known wild population in Britain of the nationally rare sunflower Artemisia campestris, which is thought to have survived due to periodic soil disturbance.[7]
Lordswell Field    Y 3.2 hectares (7.9 acres)[270] YES Brandon
52°23′31″N 0°32′02″E / 52.392°N 0.534°E / 52.392; 0.534 (Lordswell Field)
TL 725 801[270] 		NCR[179] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This area of calcareous Breckland heath has a rich variety of flora including two nationally rare plants, spanish catchfly and perennial knawel, the latter of which is protected under Section 13 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. There is also an area of lichen heath.[271]
Maidscross Hill    Y 44.8 hectares (111 acres)[272] YES Brandon
52°25′N 0°32′E / 52.41°N 0.54°E / 52.41; 0.54 (Maidscross Hill)
TL 728 823[272] 		LNR,[273] NCR[179] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This very dry grassland has four nationally rare plants, Breckland wild thyme, Spanish catchfly, grape hyacinth and sickle medick. The site is not grazed, which has allowed invasion by bracken and scrub, but also increased the nesting sites for birds.[274]
Major Farm Meadow    Y 1.8 hectares (4.4 acres)[275] NO Eye
52°18′32″N 1°06′29″E / 52.309°N 1.108°E / 52.309; 1.108 (Major Farm Meadow)
TM 120 724[275] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is one of the few surviving unimproved hay meadows in the county. It is damp grassland on boulder clay, with diverse flora and many molehills. Flowering plants include cowslip, twayblade and green-winged orchid, and there is a mature specimen of the rare black poplar.[276]
Metfield Meadow    Y 1.3 hectares (3.2 acres)[277] YES Halesworth
52°22′05″N 1°22′52″E / 52.368°N 1.381°E / 52.368; 1.381 (Metfield Meadow)
TM 303 798[277] 		SWT[278] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This meadow on a disused airfield is unimproved grassland, with a rich variety of flora on chalky boulder clay. There are many green-winged orchids, cowslips and pepper saxifrages.[279] The meadow is grazed by cattle or cut for hay to maintain the diversity of the wild flowers.[278]
Mickfield Meadow    Y 1.9 hectares (4.7 acres)[280] YES Stowmarket
52°13′30″N 1°08′10″E / 52.225°N 1.136°E / 52.225; 1.136 (Mickfield Meadow)
TM 143 632[280] 		SWT[281] Map Citation 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine Fertilisers and herbicides have never been used on this meadow, and as a result it has a rich variety of flora, including fritillary. The dominant grasses are meadow foxtail, cocksfoot, false oat-grass, timothy and Yorkshire fog.[282]
Middle Wood, Offton    Y 23.3 hectares (58 acres)[283] YES Ipswich
52°06′32″N 1°00′18″E / 52.109°N 1.005°E / 52.109; 1.005 (Middle Wood, Offton)
TM 059 499[283] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is a medieval coppice with standards wood on wet boulder clay, and it has very diverse ground flora, including species typical of ancient woodland. Oak is the main standard tree, and there are orchids such as common twayblade, early purple orchid and butterfly orchid.[284]
Milden Thicks    Y 42.3 hectares (105 acres)[285] NO Ipswich
52°04′N 0°50′E / 52.06°N 0.84°E / 52.06; 0.84 (Milden Thicks)
TL 951 444[285] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These are diverse mature woods, described by Natural England as of national importance for the comparisons which can be made between them. There are several wild service trees, and the ground flora is rich and typical of ancient woodland.[286]
Minsmere–Walberswick Heaths and Marshes    Y 2,327.0 hectares (5,750 acres)[287] PP Saxmundham
52°17′N 1°37′E / 52.28°N 1.62°E / 52.28; 1.62 (Minsmere-Walberswick Heaths and Marshes)
TM 469 712[287] 		NCR,[288] NNR,[15][289][290] Ramsar,[291][292] RSPB[293] SAC,[294][295] SCHAONB,[22] SPA,[296][297] SWT[298][299] Map This is described by Natural England as a site of exceptional scientific interest, with areas of mudflats, shingle beach, reedbeds, heathland and grazing marsh. The marshes have many species of invertebrates, including rare ones, and the heathland is a habitat for two nationally declining birds, nightjars and woodlarks.[300]
Moat Farm Meadows    Y 3.3 hectares (8.2 acres)[301] NO Ipswich
52°09′40″N 1°14′46″E / 52.161°N 1.246°E / 52.161; 1.246 (Moat Farm Meadows, Otley)
TM 221 564[301] 		Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These calcareous meadows are traditionally cut for hay. They have diverse flora, with many green-winged orchids and one of the largest populations in the county of meadow saffron. Other species include ox-eye daisy and cuckoo flower.[302]
Monewden Meadows    Y 3.7 hectares (9.1 acres)[303] YES Woodbridge
52°10′01″N 1°15′18″E / 52.167°N 1.255°E / 52.167; 1.255 (Monewden Meadows)
TM 227 571[303] 		NCR,[57] SWT[304] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has rich flora, and it is described by Natural England as probably the best example in the county of unimproved calcareous clay and neutral grassland. The herb species are especially diverse, including meadow saffron and green-winged orchid, and there are ancient fruit trees.[305]
Nacton Meadows    Y 4.5 hectares (11 acres)[306] YES Ipswich
52°00′47″N 1°15′00″E / 52.013°N 1.25°E / 52.013; 1.25 (Nacton Meadows)
TM 231 399[306] 		SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has fen meadow and grasslands. Wetter areas have more diverse flora, including Yorkshire-fog, crested dog's tail, sharp-flowered rush, greater bird's-foot-trefoil and the uncommon marsh arrowgrass.[307]
Neutral Farm Pit, Butley    Y 1.1 hectares (2.7 acres)[308] YES Woodbridge
52°06′22″N 1°27′40″E / 52.106°N 1.461°E / 52.106; 1.461 (Neutral Farm Pit, Butley)
TM 371 510[308] 		GCR,[309] SCHAONB[22] Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is described by Natural England as a classic site in the study of the Early Pleistocene in East Anglia. It was used by the nineteenth-century geologist Frederick W. Harmer to define his Butley division of the Red Crag Formation, and it has many fossils of marine molluscs.[310]
Newbourne Springs    Y 15.7 hectares (39 acres)[311] YES Woodbridge
52°02′35″N 1°18′25″E / 52.043°N 1.307°E / 52.043; 1.307 (Newbourn Springs)
TM 269 435[311] 		SWT[312] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Most of this site is a narrow valley with a fast-flowing stream with alder carr and fen. Drier and more acidic soils have grassland, woodland, scrub and bracken heath. The site is actively managed, producing diverse flora and many breeding and migratory birds such as treecreepers, nuthatches and sedge warblers.[312][313]
Newmarket Heath    Y 279.3 hectares (690 acres)[314] PP Newmarket
52°14′N 0°22′E / 52.24°N 0.37°E / 52.24; 0.37 (Newmarket Heath)
TL 622 627[314] 		Map Citation Most of this site is chalk grassland, and it has areas of chalk heath, a rare habitat in Britain. There is a rich variety of flowering plants, including a nationally rare species listed in the British Red Data Book of threatened species and five nationally uncommon ones. The dominant grasses are upright brome and sheep's fescue.[315]
Norton Wood    Y 24.8 hectares (61 acres)[316] YES Bury St Edmunds
52°14′35″N 0°53′10″E / 52.243°N 0.886°E / 52.243; 0.886 (Norton Wood)
TL 971 645[316] 		Map Citation 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This ancient coppice with standards wood is on sand and loess over boulder clay. There are many pedunculate oak, hazel, ash and birch trees. The ground flora includes a number of uncommon plants such as oxlip.[317]
Orwell Estuary    Y 1,335.5 hectares (3,300 acres)[318] PP Ipswich
52°00′N 1°14′E / 52°N 1.23°E / 52; 1.23 (Orwell Estuary)
TM 221 380[318] 		Ramsar,[319][320] SCHAONB,[22] SPA,[321][322] SWT[323] Map Citation 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The estuary is described by Natural England as of national importance for its breeding avocets, its other breeding and wintering birds, its vascular plants and its intertidal mud habitats. It also has a rich and diverse assemblage of invertebrates and a nationally important community of algae.[324]
Over and Lawn Woods    Y 45.3 hectares (112 acres)[325] NO Haverhill
52°07′N 0°23′E / 52.11°N 0.39°E / 52.11; 0.39 (Over and Lawn Woods)
TL 635 483[325] 		Map Citation These are ancient coppice with standards woods on chalky boulder clay, and the dominant trees are pedunculate oak and ash. The fauna and flora is diverse, including the nationally restricted oxlip. A stream and pond provide additional ecological interest.[326]
Pakefield to Easton Bavents    Y  Y 735.4 hectares (1,817 acres)[327] PP Beccles
52°23′N 1°42′E / 52.38°N 1.7°E / 52.38; 1.7 (Pakefield to Easton Bavents)
TM 519 818[327] 		GCR[

May 07, 2024
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This article is about SSSIs in Suffolk For other counties see List of SSSIs by Area of Search 52 10 N 1 0 E 52 167 N 1 000 E 52 167 1 000 Suffolk View over a pond from a bird hide at Lackford Lakes Suffolk is a county in East Anglia It is bounded by Norfolk to the north Cambridgeshire to the west Essex to the south and the North Sea to the east With an area of 1 466 square miles 3 800 km2 it is the eighth largest county in England 1 and in mid 2016 the population was 745 000 2 At the top level of local government is Suffolk County Council and below it are 5 borough and district councils Babergh Ipswich Mid Suffolk West Suffolk and East Suffolk 3 Much of the coast consists of the estuaries of the Orwell Stour Alde Deben and Blyth rivers with large areas of wetlands and marshes Agriculture and shipping play a major role in the county s economy 1 In England Sites of Special Scientific Interest SSSIs are designated by Natural England a non departmental public body which is responsible for protecting England s natural environment Designation as an SSSI gives legal protection to the most important wildlife and geological sites 4 As of October 2017 there are 142 SSSIs in Suffolk 5 of which 109 are biological 28 geological and 5 are designated under both criteria One site is in the Dedham Vale an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty AONB and thirty six are in another AONB Suffolk Coast and Heaths There are thirty three Geological Conservation Review sites twenty three Nature Conservation Review sites twenty Special Areas of Conservation thirty Special Protection Areas under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds eight Ramsar internationally important wetland sites seven national nature reserves and four contain scheduled monuments Six sites are local nature reserves twenty seven are managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust five by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and one by the National Trust The largest is Breckland Forest at 18 126 hectare 44 790 acre which is partly in Norfolk and has several invertebrates on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 6 and the smallest is a 0 1 hectare 0 25 acre meadow in London Road Industrial Estate Brandon which has the largest known wild population in Britain of the nationally rare sunflower Artemisia campestris 7 Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as KML GPX all coordinates GPX primary coordinates GPX secondary coordinates Key editInterest edit B a site of biological interest G a site of geological interest Public access edit FP access to footpaths through the site only NO no public access to site PL public access at limited times PP public access to part of site YES public access to the whole or most of the site Other classifications edit DVAONB Dedham Vale an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty GCR Geological Conservation Review LNR Local nature reserve NCR A Nature Conservation Review NNR National nature reserve NT National Trust Ramsar Ramsar site an internationally important wetland site RSPB Royal Society for the Protection of Birds SAC Special Area of Conservation SCHAONB Suffolk Coast and Heaths an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty SM Scheduled monument SPA Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds SWT Suffolk Wildlife TrustSites editContents A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T V W Site name Photograph B G Area Public access Location Other classifications Map a Citation b Description Abbey Wood Flixton nbsp nbsp Y 18 0 hectares 44 acres 8 NO Flixton52 25 19 N 1 24 11 E 52 422 N 1 403 E 52 422 1 403 Abbey Wood Flixton TM 315 859 8 Map Citation Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine This ancient woodland is managed as coppice with standards Common trees include hazel hornbeam and oak The flora are diverse with dog s mercury dominant and there is one rare species thin spiked wood sedge 9 Alde Ore Estuary nbsp nbsp Y nbsp Y 2 534 0 hectares 6 262 acres 10 PP Woodbridge52 06 N 1 30 E 52 1 N 1 5 E 52 1 1 5 Alde Ore Estuary TM 425 512 10 GCR 11 12 NCR 13 NNR 14 15 NT 16 Ramsar 17 18 RSPB 19 SAC 20 21 SCHAONB 22 SPA 23 24 SWT 25 26 27 Map Citation Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Natural England describes the scientific interests of the site as outstanding and diverse It has the second largest and best preserved area of vegetated shingle in Britain The birdlife is nationally important and there are several rare spiders Gedgrave Cliff has fossiliferous strata dating to the early Pliocene Coralline Crag Formation 28 Aldeburgh Brick Pit nbsp nbsp Y 0 9 hectares 2 2 acres 29 NO Aldeburgh52 09 32 N 1 34 59 E 52 159 N 1 583 E 52 159 1 583 Aldeburgh Brick Pit TM 452 572 29 GCR 30 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine This pit has a sequence of deposits dating to the Pleistocene and it is one of the few to have deposits dating to the Bramertonian Stage around two million years ago It has been fundamental to two studies of the early Pleistocene in the area 31 Aldeburgh Hall Pit nbsp nbsp Y 1 0 hectare 2 5 acres 32 NO Aldeburgh52 09 11 N 1 34 59 E 52 153 N 1 583 E 52 153 1 583 Aldeburgh Hall Pit TM 452 566 32 GCR 33 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has very fossiliferous rocks of the early Pliocene Coralline Crag Formation around five million years ago The bryozoan fauna are rich and diverse and the stratification may indicate the interior of an offshore sandbank 34 Arger Fen nbsp nbsp Y 49 7 hectares 123 acres 35 YES Sudbury51 59 10 N 0 48 43 E 51 986 N 0 812 E 51 986 0 812 Arger Fen TL 932 357 35 DVAONB 36 LNR 37 38 SWT 39 Map Citation Most of this site is ancient woodland and there are also areas of fen and wet grassland on lower slopes Tiger Hill has dry acidic grassland with old anthills mosses and lichens and there are several badger setts 40 Bangrove Wood Ixworth nbsp nbsp Y 18 6 hectares 46 acres 41 NO Bury St Edmunds52 18 47 N 0 49 48 E 52 313 N 0 83 E 52 313 0 83 Bangrove Wood Ixworth TL 930 721 41 Map Citation Archived 2013 12 19 at the Wayback Machine This is ancient coppice with standards on clay soil with diverse herb flora The most common trees are ash field maple and hazel with many oak standards Flora include early purple orchid wood anemone and pale wood violet 42 Barking Woods nbsp nbsp Y 98 7 hectares 244 acres 43 PP Ipswich52 08 N 1 02 E 52 13 N 1 03 E 52 13 1 03 Barking Woods TM 077 521 43 SWT 44 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient woodlands have been documented since 1251 The canopy is mainly oak ash and silver birch and other trees include the rare wild pear The flora is diverse including herb paris ramsons sanicle and early purple orchid 45 Barnby Broad and Marshes nbsp nbsp Y 192 7 hectares 476 acres 46 PP Beccles52 28 N 1 38 E 52 46 N 1 64 E 52 46 1 64 Barnby Broad and Marshes TM 477 910 46 Ramsar 47 48 SAC 49 50 SPA 51 52 SWT 53 54 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has grazing marshes fen carr woodland open water and dykes The diverse plant communities include many rare and uncommon species Several rare birds breed there and the site is also interesting entomologically Otters hunt in the fen and waterways 55 Barnham Heath nbsp nbsp Y 78 6 hectares 194 acres 56 NO Barnham52 23 02 N 0 45 50 E 52 384 N 0 764 E 52 384 0 764 Barnham Heath TL 882 798 56 NCR 57 SPA 58 59 Map Citation This site has areas of acidic heathland with damp grassland in river valleys Gravel workings and scrub have produced habitats valuable to birds such as nightingales and whitethroats Birds found on open heathland include stone curlews a protected species and wheatears Six species of lichen and eight of moss have been recorded 60 Bawdsey Cliff nbsp nbsp Y 17 4 hectares 43 acres 61 YES Felixstowe52 00 00 N 1 24 58 E 52 0 N 1 416 E 52 0 1 416 Bawdsey Cliff TM 346 386 61 GCR 62 63 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This 2 kilometre 1 2 mile long section provides the largest exposure of the Early Pleistocene Red Crag Formation and it is rich in fossils of marine molluscs It is described by Natural England as having great potential for the study of non glacial Pleistocene environments 64 Berner s Heath nbsp nbsp Y 235 9 hectares 583 acres 65 PL Bury St Edmunds52 22 N 0 38 E 52 36 N 0 64 E 52 36 0 64 Berner s Heath TL 797 763 65 NCR 66 SAC 67 68 SPA 58 59 Map Citation Most of the heath is dominated by heather and there are also areas of woodland scrub calcareous grassland and lichen rich grassland The heather varies in age as it has been rotationally burnt and the oldest heather has the most diverse flora and insects 69 Bixley Heath nbsp nbsp Y 5 1 hectares 13 acres YES Ipswich52 02 28 N 1 12 18 E 52 041 N 1 205 E 52 041 1 205 Bixley Heath TM 199 429 LNR 70 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has areas of dry heath on high ground and swamp in a valley bottom The heath is dominated by common heather and other plants include bell heather and sheep s fescue There is a dense stand of lesser pond sedge in the swamp 71 Black Ditches Cavenham nbsp nbsp Y 1 6 hectares 4 0 acres 72 NO Bury St Edmunds52 17 06 N 0 35 56 E 52 285 N 0 599 E 52 285 0 599 Black Ditches Cavenham TL 774 684 72 SM 73 74 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is species rich grassland a scarce habitat in East Anglia on a stretch of an early Anglo Saxon boundary earthwork There are a number of locally and nationally rare plants Calcareous scrub and deciduous woodland provide additional ecological interest 75 Blaxhall Heath nbsp nbsp Y 45 9 hectares 113 acres 76 YES Woodbridge52 09 18 N 1 28 41 E 52 155 N 1 478 E 52 155 1 478 Blaxhall Heath TM 380 565 76 SCHAONB 22 SM 77 SPA 78 79 SWT 80 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This dry lowland heath has large areas of heather which support diverse lichens and mosses and other areas of grassland which are grazed by rabbits Heathland birds include nightjars and tree pipits 81 Blo Norton and Thelnetham Fens nbsp nbsp Y 21 2 hectares 52 acres 82 YES Thelnetham52 22 12 N 0 57 40 E 52 37 N 0 961 E 52 37 0 961 Blo Norton and Thelnetham Fens TM 017 788 82 NCR 83 SAC 84 85 SWT 86 Map c Citation The site is designated mainly because of its open carr fen communities although further interest is provided by areas of carr woodland and meadows Calcareous fen flora include black bog rush saw sedge purple moor grass and fen orchid 87 Bobbitshole Belstead nbsp nbsp Y 1 7 hectares 4 2 acres 88 NO Ipswich 52 01 44 N 1 07 52 E 52 029 N 1 131 E 52 029 1 131 Bobbitshole Belstead TM 149 414 88 GCR 89 Map Citation Archived 18 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine This is the type locality for the warm Ipswichian interglacial around 130 000 to 115 000 year ago It has yielded continuous deposits from the end of the preceding Wolstonian cold stage to the end of the Ipswichian It is described by Natural England as a nationally important Pleistocene reference site 90 Bradfield Woods nbsp nbsp Y 81 4 hectares 201 acres 91 YES Bury St Edmunds 52 11 N 0 49 E 52 18 N 0 82 E 52 18 0 82 Bradfield Woods TL 930 576 91 NNR 15 92 SWT 93 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These woods have a history of coppicing dating to before 1252 producing a very high diversity of flora with over 370 plant species recorded Uncommon woodland flowers include oxlip herb paris and ramson There is also a rich variety of fungi with two species not recorded elsewhere in Britain 94 Breckland Farmland nbsp nbsp Y 13 392 4 hectares 33 093 acres 95 NO Brandon 52 24 N 0 36 E 52 4 N 0 6 E 52 4 0 6 Breckland Farmland TL 796 852 95 SPA 58 59 Map c Citation Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine The site is designated an SSSI for its internationally important population of stone curlews These birds nest in March on bare ground in cultivated land with very short vegetation Fields with sugar beet and vegetables and no recreational disturbance are preferred 96 Breckland Forest nbsp nbsp Y nbsp Y 18 126 0 hectares 44 790 acres 97 PP Brandon52 24 N 0 42 E 52 4 N 0 7 E 52 4 0 7 Breckland Forest TL 822 872 97 GCR 98 99 LNR 100 SPA 58 59 Map c Citation Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine The forest has breeding Woodlarks and nightjars in internationally important numbers and several nationally rare vascular plants and invertebrates on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species There are also geological sites which provide evidence of the environmental and human history of East Anglia during the Middle Pleistocene 6 Brent Eleigh Woods nbsp nbsp Y 31 7 hectares 78 acres 101 NO Sudbury52 05 N 0 50 E 52 09 N 0 83 E 52 09 0 83 Brent Eleigh Woods TL 938 473 101 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site consists of three separate areas Spragg s Langley and Camps Woods They are ancient woodland on calcareous clay soils The main trees are oak and ash and there are ponds and a stream 102 Buckanay Farm Pit Alderton nbsp nbsp Y 0 7 hectares 1 7 acres 103 YES Woodbridge 52 01 48 N 1 25 59 E 52 03 N 1 433 E 52 03 1 433 Buckanay Farm Pit Alderton TM 356 424 103 GCR 104 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This fossiliferous site exposes rocks of the marine Red Crag Formation with a megaripple sequence showing the gradual reduction in depth of the sea 105 The Red Crag spans the end of the Pliocene around 2 6 million years ago and the start of the succeeding Pleistocene 106 Bugg s Hole Fen Thelnetham nbsp nbsp Y 3 7 hectares 9 1 acres 107 NO Thelnetham 52 22 23 N 0 56 38 E 52 373 N 0 944 E 52 373 0 944 Bugg s Hole Fen Thelnetham TM 005 791 107 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This calcareous fen in the valley of the River Little Ouse has a range of habitats Fen grassland has flora such as grass of parnassus and bog pimpernel there are southern marsh orchid and marsh pennywort in marsh grassland and spring fed tall fen has lesser water parsnip 108 Burgate Wood nbsp nbsp Y 29 9 hectares 74 acres 109 NO Burgate 52 20 24 N 1 02 42 E 52 34 N 1 045 E 52 34 1 045 Burgate Wood TM 075 757 109 SM 110 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is ancient coppice with standards oak and hornbeam woodland The flora is diverse including the rare lungwort and the uncommon herb paris yellow archangel and hairy woodrush 111 Cavendish Woods nbsp nbsp Y 53 5 hectares 132 acres 112 PP Sudbury 52 07 N 0 37 E 52 11 N 0 61 E 52 11 0 61 Cavendish Woods TL 791 495 112 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient woods are managed as coppice with standards The main standard tree is oak and the flora is diverse including the uncommon oxlip There are many fallow deer and breeding birds include woodcock common snipe and treecreeper 113 Cavenham Icklingham Heaths nbsp nbsp Y 419 0 hectares 1 035 acres 114 YES Bury St Edmunds52 20 N 0 34 E 52 33 N 0 57 E 52 33 0 57 Cavenham Icklingham Heaths TL 751 732 114 NCR 115 NNR 116 15 SAC 67 68 SPA 58 59 Map Citation This site has habitats of heath and grassland with smaller areas of woodland and fen in the flood plain of the River Lark It is described by Natural England as of national importance for its invertebrate species including some which are rare and endangered and it also has nationally rare flora and nationally scarce bryophytes 117 Cherry Hill and The Gallops Barton Mills nbsp nbsp Y 10 4 hectares 26 acres 118 YES Bury St Edmunds52 19 05 N 0 31 34 E 52 318 N 0 526 E 52 318 0 526 Cherry Hill and The Gallops Barton Mills TL 723 719 118 NCR 119 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site consists of road verges which have calcareous grassland with four nationally rare plants and two locally uncommon ones sand catchfly and yellow medick There is also a strip of pine plantation which has several rare insects 120 Chillesford Church Pit nbsp nbsp Y 1 1 hectares 2 7 acres 121 NO Woodbridge 52 07 01 N 1 28 41 E 52 117 N 1 478 E 52 117 1 478 Chillesford Church Pit TM 382 522 121 GCR 122 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has deposits dating to the Early Pleistocene Bramertonian Stage around 2 4 to 1 8 million years ago Fossils of molluscs and pollen indicate a temperate climate dating to the Chillesford Crag which is part of the Norwich Crag Formation 123 Chippenhall Green nbsp nbsp Y 16 3 hectares 40 acres 124 YES Eye 52 19 59 N 1 21 18 E 52 333 N 1 355 E 52 333 1 355 Chippenhall Green TM 287 758 124 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This unimproved grassland on calcareous clay soil has grasses including meadow foxtail sweet vernal grass and red fescue Diverse flowering plants include cuckoo flowers and a large population of green winged orchids 125 Combs Wood nbsp nbsp Y 15 1 hectares 37 acres 126 YES Stowmarket 52 10 16 N 1 00 14 E 52 171 N 1 004 E 52 171 1 004 Combs Wood TM 055 568 126 SWT 127 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is ancient coppice woodland on boulder clay with variable quantities of sand and loess resulting in different soil types In areas of pedunculate oak and hornbeam the ground flora is sparse but it is rich and diverse in ash and maple woodland Grassy rides and a pond provide additional habitats for invertebrates 128 Cornard Mere nbsp nbsp Y 8 5 hectares 21 acres 129 YES Sudbury 52 00 58 N 0 45 00 E 52 016 N 0 75 E 52 016 0 75 Cornard Mere Little Cornard TL 888 389 129 SWT 130 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has diverse habitats with fen which is seasonally flooded ruderal herb vegetation woodland grassland and scrub Flora include water mint gypsywort skullcap ragged robin and southern marsh orchid 131 Corton Cliffs nbsp nbsp Y 5 5 hectares 14 acres 132 YES Lowestoft 52 30 32 N 1 45 00 E 52 509 N 1 75 E 52 509 1 75 Corton Cliffs TM 546 967 132 GCR 133 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is described by Natural England as a nationally important site as it is the type locality for the Anglian glaciation around 450 000 years ago The Anglian was the most extreme ice age of the Pleistocene epoch The site displays the complete Anglian sequence and its relation to the preceding Cromerian stage 134 Crag Farm Pit Sudbourne nbsp nbsp Y 4 8 hectares 12 acres 135 NO Woodbridge52 06 58 N 1 32 42 E 52 116 N 1 545 E 52 116 1 545 Crag Farm Pit Sudbourne TM 428 523 135 GCR 136 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site dates to the early Pliocene around four million years ago It is described by Natural England as an important geological site which has the best exposure of sandwave facies of the Coralline Crag Formation Fossils of many bryozoan species are present 137 Crag Pit Aldeburgh nbsp nbsp Y 0 2 hectares 0 49 acres 138 NO Aldeburgh 52 09 54 N 1 35 35 E 52 165 N 1 593 E 52 165 1 593 Crag Pit Aldeburgh TM 458 580 138 GCR 139 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is the most northern site which exposes the Pliocene Coralline Crag Formation which dates to around five million years ago It has rich and diverse fossils including many bryozoans and other fauna include serpulids and several boring forms 140 Crag Pit Sutton nbsp nbsp Y 0 7 hectares 1 7 acres 141 NO Woodbridge 52 03 36 N 1 22 44 E 52 06 N 1 379 E 52 06 1 379 Crag Pit Sutton TM 317 456 141 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This small disused quarry is short rabbit grazed grassland which supports one of only two British colonies of the endangered Small Alison flowering plants Herbs include the uncommon mossy stonecrop 142 Cransford Meadow nbsp nbsp Y 4 6 hectares 11 acres 143 NO Woodbridge 52 13 30 N 1 23 53 E 52 225 N 1 398 E 52 225 1 398 Cransford Meadow TM 322 640 143 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This unimproved meadow has a rich variety of flora There are grasses such as creeping bent meadow foxtail sweet vernal grass crested dog s tail perennial rye grass and rough stalked meadow grass It is one of only two sites in the county for ladies mantle Alchemilla filicaulis vestita Creeting St Mary Pits nbsp nbsp Y 5 4 hectares 13 acres 144 PP Ipswich 52 09 25 N 1 03 47 E 52 157 N 1 063 E 52 157 1 063 Creeting St Mary Pits TM 096 554 144 GCR 145 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These former quarries are the type site for the Creeting Sands which are believed to be intertidal and shallow marine deposits from an early Pleistocene interglacial It is described by Natural England as a key stratigraphic site 146 Deadman s Grave Icklingham nbsp nbsp Y 127 3 hectares 315 acres 147 PP Bury St Edmunds52 20 N 0 37 E 52 34 N 0 61 E 52 34 0 61 Deadman s Grave Icklingham TL 779 742 147 NCR 148 SAC 67 68 SPA 58 59 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine According to Natural England this site is largely covered by short sheep grazed species rich calcareous grassland of the very highest value It has four nationally rare plants Spanish catchfly Boehmer s cat s tail Breckland Wild Thyme and spring speedwell Nationally rare stone curlews breed there 149 Deben Estuary SSSI nbsp nbsp Y 981 1 hectares 2 424 acres 150 PP Woodbridge 52 02 N 1 21 E 52 04 N 1 35 E 52 04 1 35 Deben Estuary TM 296 434 150 Ramsar 151 152 SCHAONB 22 SPA 153 154 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The site has been designated an SSSI for its overwintering waders and wildfowl and for its diverse saltmarshes It has internationally important numbers of overwintering redshanks and nationally important of dark bellied brent geese shelducks and black tailed godwits The estuary also has three nationally rare plants and a nationally rare mollusc 155 Dew s Ponds nbsp nbsp Y 6 7 hectares 17 acres 156 NO Halesworth52 17 35 N 1 30 07 E 52 293 N 1 502 E 52 293 1 502 Dew s Ponds TM 389 719 156 SAC 157 158 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has a variety of types of grassland hedges and ditches on chalk overlain by boulder clay However it has been designated an SSSI primarily because it has twelve ponds with one of the largest breeding populations of great crested newts in Britain There are also grass snakes smooth newts and slowworms 157 159 Edwardstone Woods nbsp nbsp Y 27 0 hectares 67 acres 160 NO Sudbury 52 02 46 N 0 49 08 E 52 046 N 0 819 E 52 046 0 819 Edwardstone Woods TL 934 424 160 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These are ancient coppice with standards woods which are mainly ash maple and hazel but there are large stands of hornbeam and small leaved lime in some areas The diverse ground flora is typical of Suffolk boulder clay soils 161 Elmsett Park Wood nbsp nbsp Y 8 6 hectares 21 acres 162 NO Ipswich52 04 37 N 1 00 43 E 52 077 N 1 012 E 52 077 1 012 Elmsett Park Wood TM 065 464 162 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This coppice with standards site has diverse woodland types and ground flora Plants indicative of ancient woodland include nettle leaved bellflower wood spurge butterfly orchid and the uncommon spurge laurel 163 Eriswell Low Warren nbsp nbsp Y 7 4 hectares 18 acres 164 NO Brandon52 23 02 N 0 33 14 E 52 384 N 0 554 E 52 384 0 554 Eriswell Low Warren TL 739 793 164 NCR 165 SPA 58 59 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The site is mainly unimproved acidic grassland on sandy soils which has a variety of typical Breckland flora and there are also areas of lichens and bryophytes Rare plants include purple stem cat s tail spring speedwell Spanish catchfly and perennial knawel 166 Fakenham Wood and Sapiston Great Grove nbsp nbsp Y 200 7 hectares 496 acres 167 NO Bury St Edmunds 52 22 N 0 50 E 52 36 N 0 83 E 52 36 0 83 Fakenham Wood and Sapiston Great Grove TL 928 773 167 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These two coppice with standards woods comprise one of the largest areas of ancient woodland in the county The ground flora is dominated by bracken and bramble but there are also rides which provide habitats for butterflies including the largest colony of white admirals in Suffolk 168 Ferry Cliff Sutton nbsp nbsp Y 2 8 hectares 6 9 acres 169 FP Woodbridge52 05 20 N 1 19 26 E 52 089 N 1 324 E 52 089 1 324 Ferry Cliff Sutton TM 278 486 169 GCR 170 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site exposes rocks dating to the paleocene around 60 million years ago It has the oldest British fossils of rodents and ungulates both even and odd toed It also has early hyracotheriums 171 Flixton Quarry nbsp nbsp Y 0 2 hectares 0 49 acres 172 YES Bungay 52 25 23 N 1 22 01 E 52 423 N 1 367 E 52 423 1 367 Flixton Quarry TM 290 859 172 GCR 173 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has sands and gravels which are thought to be a glacial outwash dating to the most extreme ice age of the Pleistocene epoch the Anglian glaciation around 450 000 years ago It is described by Natural England as important because of its relationship with deposits of the succeeding Hoxnian Stage 174 Fox Fritillary Meadow nbsp nbsp Y 2 4 hectares 5 9 acres 175 NO Stowmarket 52 12 00 N 1 12 07 E 52 2 N 1 202 E 52 2 1 202 Fox Fritillary Meadow Framsden TM 189 606 175 SWT 176 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This unimproved meadow is located on heavy alluvial soils at the bottom of a valley It has a rich variety of flora including the herbs cowslip cuckooflower and ragged robin together with the largest population in East Anglia of the rare snake s head fritillary 177 Foxhole Heath nbsp nbsp Y 85 2 hectares 211 acres 178 YES Brandon52 22 N 0 33 E 52 37 N 0 55 E 52 37 0 55 Foxhole Heath TL 736 781 178 NCR 179 SAC 67 68 SPA 58 59 Map Citation Archived 23 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine The heath is mainly covered by lichens and mosses with smaller areas of heather and grassland Much of it is grazed by rabbits There are three nationally rare plants and one rare bird the stone curlew over one percent of this species in Britain breed on the site and they also use it as a gathering ground for their autumn migration 180 Freston and Cutler s Woods with Holbrook Park nbsp nbsp Y 142 0 hectares 351 acres 181 PP Ipswich 52 01 N 1 08 E 52 01 N 1 14 E 52 01 1 14 Freston and Cutler s Woods with Holbrook Park TM 153 388 181 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient woods have woodland types typical of spring fed valleys and light sandy soils Holbrook Park has coppice stools over 3 metres in diameter among the largest in Britain Sweet chestnut which was introduced in the Middle Ages is found widely and other trees include the rare wild service tree 182 Frithy and Chadacre Woods nbsp nbsp Y 28 7 hectares 71 acres 183 YES Bury St Edmunds 52 09 N 0 43 E 52 15 N 0 72 E 52 15 0 72 Frithy and Chadacre Woods TL 859 536 183 Map Citation These are ancient semi natural woods of the wet ash and maple type The diverse ground flora includes early purple orchid twayblade gromwell and bluebell 184 The Gardens Great Ashfield nbsp nbsp Y 3 8 hectares 9 4 acres 185 NO Bury St Edmunds52 16 26 N 0 55 37 E 52 274 N 0 927 E 52 274 0 927 The Gardens Great Ashfield TL 998 680 185 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient meadows are traditionally managed by grazing and cutting for hay They have a rich variety of flora such as green winged orchid bee orchid common twayblade pepper saxifrage adder s tongue fern and ox eye daisy 186 Gedgrave Hall Pit nbsp nbsp Y 0 6 hectares 1 5 acres 187 NO Woodbridge 52 04 59 N 1 30 32 E 52 083 N 1 509 E 52 083 1 509 Gedgrave Hall Pit TM 405 485 187 GCR 188 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The site consists to two pits dating to the early Pliocene Coralline Crag Formation The smaller pit has many well preserved mollusc fossils whereas those in the larger pit are highly abraded and poorly preserved 189 Gipping Great Wood nbsp nbsp Y 25 9 hectares 64 acres 190 NO Stowmarket 52 13 16 N 1 02 10 E 52 221 N 1 036 E 52 221 1 036 Gipping Great Wood TM 075 624 190 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is an ancient coppice with standards wood with a variety of woodland types There are many hornbeams and other trees include oak and ash Wet rides a pond and a stream provide additional ecological interest 191 Glemsford Pits nbsp nbsp Y 33 2 hectares 82 acres 192 PP Sudbury 52 05 06 N 0 40 52 E 52 085 N 0 681 E 52 085 0 681 Glemsford Pits TL 838 463 192 Map d Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Thirteen species of dragonfly and damselfly have been recorded in these former gravel workings including one which is rare in Britain the ruddy darter dragonfly Aquatic plants include the yellow water lily and mare s tail 193 The Glen Chalk Caves Bury St Edmunds nbsp nbsp Y 1 6 hectares 4 0 acres 194 PP Bury St Edmunds52 14 53 N 0 43 44 E 52 248 N 0 729 E 52 248 0 729 The Glen Chalk Caves Bury St Edmunds TL 864 646 194 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Tunnels totalling 200 metres in length radiate from a chalk pit which also contains a disused lime kiln The tunnels and kiln are used by five species of bat for hibernation and the surrounding vegetation helps to maintain a suitable micro climate in the caves The principal species are Daubenton s Natterer s and brown long eared bats 195 Gosbeck Wood nbsp nbsp Y 22 8 hectares 56 acres 196 YES Ipswich 52 09 32 N 1 08 02 E 52 159 N 1 134 E 52 159 1 134 Gosbeck Wood TM 145 556 196 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is an ancient coppice with standards wood mainly on boulder clay with some areas of sandy soil Dog s mercury is dominant in the ground flora and other plants include spurge laurel wood spurge herb paris and hairy woodrush 197 Great Blakenham Pit nbsp nbsp Y 2 3 hectares 5 7 acres 198 NO Great Blakenham52 06 25 N 1 05 13 E 52 107 N 1 087 E 52 107 1 087 Great Blakenham Pit TM 115 499 198 GCR 199 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is described by Natural England as a key site for Pleistocene studies It has a sequence of early and middle Pleistocene deposits including from the ancient course of the River Thames through East Anglia and from the severe Anglian ice age around 450 000 years ago 200 Gromford Meadow nbsp nbsp Y 1 7 hectares 4 2 acres 201 NO Saxmundham 52 10 30 N 1 29 17 E 52 175 N 1 488 E 52 175 1 488 Gromford Meadow TM 386 587 201 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This unimproved base rich meadow is fed by springs It has diverse flora with meadowsweet dominant and other plants include yellow rattle meadow foxtail ragged robin marsh thistle and lesser spearwort 202 Groton Wood nbsp nbsp Y 20 2 hectares 50 acres 203 YES Sudbury52 03 04 N 0 52 55 E 52 051 N 0 882 E 52 051 0 882 Groton Wood TL 977 431 203 SWT 204 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Fifteen species of butterfly have been recorded in this wood including brimstones speckled woods and purple hairstreaks There are many wild cherry trees and twenty two seasonal ponds which have scarce and protected great crested newts 204 Gypsy Camp Meadows Thrandeston nbsp nbsp Y 2 4 hectares 5 9 acres 205 NO Diss 52 21 11 N 1 06 04 E 52 353 N 1 101 E 52 353 1 101 Gypsy Camp Meadows Thrandeston TM 113 773 205 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These wet meadows on poorly drained boulder clay have a rich variety of flora and drainage ditches areas of drier grassland and hedges add to the diversity Plants include early purple orchid ragged robin zig zag clover and water avens 206 Hascot Hill Pit nbsp nbsp Y 0 3 hectares 0 74 acres 207 NO Stowmarket 52 08 35 N 1 00 32 E 52 143 N 1 009 E 52 143 1 009 Hascot Hill Pit TM 060 537 207 GCR 208 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is the only known site to expose beach deposits of the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene Red Crag Formation It has beach cobbles and fossils from a littoral fauna whereas other Red Crag sites have deposits from deeper water facies 209 Hay Wood Whepstead nbsp nbsp Y 10 4 hectares 26 acres 210 NO Bury St Edmunds 52 11 20 N 0 38 42 E 52 189 N 0 645 E 52 189 0 645 Hay Wood Whepstead TL 809 578 210 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This ancient wood on poorly drained boulder clay has coppice trees of small leaved lime and field maple with an understorey of hazel Flora include wood spurge herb Paris ramsons and early purple orchid 211 High House Meadows Monewden nbsp nbsp Y 3 0 hectares 7 4 acres 212 NO Woodbridge 52 10 34 N 1 15 14 E 52 176 N 1 254 E 52 176 1 254 High House Meadows Monewden TM 226 581 212 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These unimproved meadows have diverse herbs typical of clay pastures There are scarce species such as autumn crocus green winged orchid sulphur clover and adders tongue fern 213 Hintlesham Woods nbsp nbsp Y 118 1 hectares 292 acres 214 PP Ipswich52 03 N 1 01 E 52 05 N 1 01 E 52 05 1 01 Hintlesham Woods TM 063 433 214 RSPB 215 NCR 216 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient coppice with standards woods are mainly oak with some ash and birch The soils are boulder clay which is covered in some areas with glacial sands Ground flora include green hellebore bird s nest orchid and wood spurge 217 Holton Pit nbsp nbsp Y 1 6 hectares 4 0 acres 218 YES Halesworth52 20 31 N 1 31 44 E 52 342 N 1 529 E 52 342 1 529 Holton Pit TM 405 774 218 GCR 219 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is the only site known to show the sequence of the early Pleistocene Westleton Beds together with the overlying Kesgrave Gravels The Westleton Beds are a coastal gravel accumulation and the site is close to their inland boundary and throws light on their spatial limits 220 Hopton Fen nbsp nbsp Y 15 3 hectares 38 acres 221 YES Diss52 22 55 N 0 55 19 E 52 382 N 0 922 E 52 382 0 922 Hopton Fen TL 990 800 221 SWT 222 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This reed dominated fen has diverse flora including devil s bit scabious black bog rush bogbeana and early marsh orchid The SWT is improving the site by excavating new pools and introducing grazing to restore the open landscape 222 223 Horringer Court Caves nbsp nbsp Y 3 8 hectares 9 4 acres 224 NO Bury St Edmunds 52 13 59 N 0 41 13 E 52 233 N 0 687 E 52 233 0 687 Horringer Court Caves TL 836 628 224 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has over 500 metres 1 600 feet of chalk mines with five grilled entrances which are used by bats for hibernation They have been the subject of research since 1947 The main bats using the caves are Daubenton s but other species include the very rare barbastelle which have been recorded eight times in 36 years 225 How Hill Track nbsp nbsp Y 3 1 hectares 7 7 acres 226 YES Bury St Edmunds 52 21 29 N 0 34 23 E 52 358 N 0 573 E 52 358 0 573 How Hill Track TL 753 764 226 SPA 58 59 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is a grassland site which provides suitable conditions for seven rare plants including perennial knawel small alison purple stem cat s tail and sickle medick 227 Hoxne Brick Pit nbsp nbsp Y 1 3 hectares 3 2 acres 228 NO Eye 52 20 38 N 1 11 31 E 52 344 N 1 192 E 52 344 1 192 Hoxne Brick Pit TM 175 766 228 GCR 229 230 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine In 1797 John Frere suggested that flint hand axes which he found on this site in a deposit twelve feet deep were weapons dating to a remote period and this is the earliest recognition that hand axes were made by early humans The world famous site also provides the type deposits of the Hoxnian Stage an interglacial between around 424 000 and 374 000 years ago which is named after the site 231 232 233 Iken Wood nbsp nbsp Y 5 3 hectares 13 acres 234 NO Woodbridge52 09 18 N 1 29 53 E 52 155 N 1 498 E 52 155 1 498 Iken Wood TM 394 565 234 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is probably the only ancient coppice wood on blown sand in Britain Massive oak standards are dominant and there are stools with a diameter of 3 metres 10 feet Other trees include silver birch holly and rowan 235 Ipswich Heaths nbsp nbsp Y 39 4 hectares 97 acres 236 YES Ipswich 52 02 56 N 1 14 46 E 52 049 N 1 246 E 52 049 1 246 Ipswich Heaths TM 227 439 236 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The site consists of two separate areas in Martlesham Heath and Purdis Heath They contain heather heath and acid grassland with clumps of bracken and gorse This mosaic of habitats is valuable for butterflies such as the silver studded blue common blue and small heath 237 Kentwell Woods nbsp nbsp Y 77 6 hectares 192 acres 238 PP Sudbury 52 07 N 0 43 E 52 12 N 0 71 E 52 12 0 71 Kentwell Woods TL 856 496 238 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine There is a variety of different woodland types in this site and the most common is the wet ash and maple with hazel also common They were managed as coppice with standards in the past and have ground vegetation which is typical of ancient woods 239 Knettishall Heath nbsp nbsp Y 91 7 hectares 227 acres 240 YES Thetford 52 23 N 0 52 E 52 39 N 0 87 E 52 39 0 87 Knettishall Heath TL 951 804 240 SWT 241 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The site is heath and grassland mainly on acidic soils with areas of secondary woodland and wet hollows There are heathland plants such as sheep s sorrel tormentil harebell and heath bedstraw while wet areas have fen vegetation including water mint and yellow iris 242 Lackford Lakes nbsp nbsp Y 105 8 hectares 261 acres 243 YES Bury St Edmunds52 18 N 0 38 E 52 3 N 0 64 E 52 3 0 64 Lackford Lakes TL 803 707 243 SWT 244 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The lakes are disused sand and gravel pits in the valley of the River Lark There are diverse dragonfly species and many breeding and overwintering birds including nationally important numbers of gadwalls and shovelers Skylarks breed on dry grassland and lapwings in marshy meadows 245 Lakenheath Poor s Fen nbsp nbsp Y 5 2 hectares 13 acres 246 NO Brandon 52 24 58 N 0 30 00 E 52 416 N 0 5 E 52 416 0 5 Lakenheath Poors Fen TL 701 827 246 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is mainly fen with diverse flora and there are also areas of damp grassland ditches and dykes The grassland is grazed by cattle and it has flowering plants including marsh pennywort and cuckoo flower The site has a nationally rare plant marsh pea 247 Lakenheath Warren nbsp nbsp Y 588 3 hectares 1 454 acres 248 PP Brandon 52 23 N 0 35 E 52 39 N 0 59 E 52 39 0 59 Lakenheath Warren TL 766 804 248 NCR 165 SAC 67 68 SPA 58 59 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is the largest remaining area of heath in the Breckland and it has a history of use for sheep grazing and as a rabbit warren going back to the thirteenth century and continuing until the Second World War There are several rare lichens and plants and over fifty species of breeding birds 249 Landguard Common nbsp nbsp Y 30 5 hectares 75 acres 250 YES Felixstowe 51 56 17 N 1 19 23 E 51 938 N 1 323 E 51 938 1 323 Landguard Common TM 285 318 250 LNR 251 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This spit on the northern outskirts of Felixstowe has a vegetated shingle beach which is a fragile and rare habitat Flora include sea kale yellow horned poppy sea sandwort sea campion and sea pea Areas of saltmarsh provide cover for small birds 252 Laurel Farm Meadow nbsp nbsp Y 1 6 hectares 4 0 acres 253 YES Halesworth52 22 52 N 1 24 36 E 52 381 N 1 41 E 52 381 1 41 Laurel Farm Meadow TM 322 814 253 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This mesotrophic grassland site has diverse flora and it is a type of meadow which is rare in Britain and not found in mainland Europe The soil is chalky clay which is seasonally waterlogged There are eleven species of grass herbs such as fairy flax and cowslip and many green winged orchids 254 Leiston Aldeburgh nbsp nbsp Y 534 8 hectares 1 322 acres 255 PP Aldeburgh 52 11 N 1 36 E 52 18 N 1 6 E 52 18 1 6 Leiston Aldeburgh TM 463 597 255 LNR 256 RSPB 257 SCHAONB 22 SM 258 SPA 78 79 Map Citation Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine This diverse site has open water fen acid grassland scrub woodland heath and vegetated shingle There are many breeding and overwintering birds abundant dragonflies and nationally scarce plants such as mossy stonecrop and clustered clover 259 Lineage Wood amp Railway Track Long Melford nbsp nbsp Y 78 7 hectares 194 acres 260 PP Sudbury 52 06 N 0 46 E 52 1 N 0 76 E 52 1 0 76 Lineage Wood amp Railway Track Long Melford TL 889 484 260 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Lineage Wood has neutral grassland rides with diverse flora especially orchids such as the greater butterfly fly orchid common spotted and bee orchid 22 species of butterfly have been recorded The disused railway line also has floristically rich grassland but the soil is more alkaline 261 Lingwood Meadows nbsp nbsp Y 2 7 hectares 6 7 acres 262 NO Stowmarket 52 10 59 N 1 05 38 E 52 183 N 1 094 E 52 183 1 094 Lingwood Meadows Earl Stonham TM 116 584 262 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These ancient meadows are one of the few surviving examples of unimproved grassland in the county They have diverse flora and 20 grass species have been recorded with red fescue and Yorkshire fog dominant 55 other species include the nationally scarce sulphur clover 263 Little Blakenham Pit nbsp nbsp Y 3 4 hectares 8 4 acres 264 NO Ipswich52 06 00 N 1 04 34 E 52 1 N 1 076 E 52 1 1 076 Little Blakenham Pit TM 108 491 264 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine A 127 metre 417 foot tunnel from one of these chalk pits is used by hibernating bats and it is one of the largest underground roosts known in Britain Around 450 bats use the tunnel mainly Daubenton s Bats also share a lime kiln with a badger sett The site also has chalk grassland 265 Little Heath Barnham nbsp nbsp Y 46 2 hectares 114 acres 266 YES Thetford 52 22 N 0 43 E 52 37 N 0 72 E 52 37 0 72 Little Heath Barnham TL 850 781 266 NCR 267 SPA 58 59 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Grazing by rabbits and sheep helps to keep the sward on parts of this site as open grassland but some parts have been invaded by self sown woodland The diverse flora in areas grazed by sheep includes field woodrush hare s foot clover and harebell Stone curlews nest on short and open turf 268 London Road Industrial Estate Brandon nbsp nbsp Y 0 1 hectares 0 25 acres 269 YES Brandon 52 26 20 N 0 36 25 E 52 439 N 0 607 E 52 439 0 607 London Road Industrial Estate Brandon TL 773 855 269 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This very small meadow in the middle of an industrial estate has been designated an SSSI because it has the largest known wild population in Britain of the nationally rare sunflower Artemisia campestris which is thought to have survived due to periodic soil disturbance 7 Lordswell Field nbsp nbsp Y 3 2 hectares 7 9 acres 270 YES Brandon 52 23 31 N 0 32 02 E 52 392 N 0 534 E 52 392 0 534 Lordswell Field TL 725 801 270 NCR 179 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This area of calcareous Breckland heath has a rich variety of flora including two nationally rare plants spanish catchfly and perennial knawel the latter of which is protected under Section 13 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 There is also an area of lichen heath 271 Maidscross Hill nbsp nbsp Y 44 8 hectares 111 acres 272 YES Brandon 52 25 N 0 32 E 52 41 N 0 54 E 52 41 0 54 Maidscross Hill TL 728 823 272 LNR 273 NCR 179 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This very dry grassland has four nationally rare plants Breckland wild thyme Spanish catchfly grape hyacinth and sickle medick The site is not grazed which has allowed invasion by bracken and scrub but also increased the nesting sites for birds 274 Major Farm Meadow nbsp nbsp Y 1 8 hectares 4 4 acres 275 NO Eye 52 18 32 N 1 06 29 E 52 309 N 1 108 E 52 309 1 108 Major Farm Meadow TM 120 724 275 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is one of the few surviving unimproved hay meadows in the county It is damp grassland on boulder clay with diverse flora and many molehills Flowering plants include cowslip twayblade and green winged orchid and there is a mature specimen of the rare black poplar 276 Metfield Meadow nbsp nbsp Y 1 3 hectares 3 2 acres 277 YES Halesworth52 22 05 N 1 22 52 E 52 368 N 1 381 E 52 368 1 381 Metfield Meadow TM 303 798 277 SWT 278 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This meadow on a disused airfield is unimproved grassland with a rich variety of flora on chalky boulder clay There are many green winged orchids cowslips and pepper saxifrages 279 The meadow is grazed by cattle or cut for hay to maintain the diversity of the wild flowers 278 Mickfield Meadow nbsp nbsp Y 1 9 hectares 4 7 acres 280 YES Stowmarket52 13 30 N 1 08 10 E 52 225 N 1 136 E 52 225 1 136 Mickfield Meadow TM 143 632 280 SWT 281 Map Citation Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine Fertilisers and herbicides have never been used on this meadow and as a result it has a rich variety of flora including fritillary The dominant grasses are meadow foxtail cocksfoot false oat grass timothy and Yorkshire fog 282 Middle Wood Offton nbsp nbsp Y 23 3 hectares 58 acres 283 YES Ipswich52 06 32 N 1 00 18 E 52 109 N 1 005 E 52 109 1 005 Middle Wood Offton TM 059 499 283 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is a medieval coppice with standards wood on wet boulder clay and it has very diverse ground flora including species typical of ancient woodland Oak is the main standard tree and there are orchids such as common twayblade early purple orchid and butterfly orchid 284 Milden Thicks nbsp nbsp Y 42 3 hectares 105 acres 285 NO Ipswich 52 04 N 0 50 E 52 06 N 0 84 E 52 06 0 84 Milden Thicks TL 951 444 285 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These are diverse mature woods described by Natural England as of national importance for the comparisons which can be made between them There are several wild service trees and the ground flora is rich and typical of ancient woodland 286 Minsmere Walberswick Heaths and Marshes nbsp nbsp Y 2 327 0 hectares 5 750 acres 287 PP Saxmundham52 17 N 1 37 E 52 28 N 1 62 E 52 28 1 62 Minsmere Walberswick Heaths and Marshes TM 469 712 287 NCR 288 NNR 15 289 290 Ramsar 291 292 RSPB 293 SAC 294 295 SCHAONB 22 SPA 296 297 SWT 298 299 Map Citation This is described by Natural England as a site of exceptional scientific interest with areas of mudflats shingle beach reedbeds heathland and grazing marsh The marshes have many species of invertebrates including rare ones and the heathland is a habitat for two nationally declining birds nightjars and woodlarks 300 Moat Farm Meadows nbsp nbsp Y 3 3 hectares 8 2 acres 301 NO Ipswich52 09 40 N 1 14 46 E 52 161 N 1 246 E 52 161 1 246 Moat Farm Meadows Otley TM 221 564 301 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine These calcareous meadows are traditionally cut for hay They have diverse flora with many green winged orchids and one of the largest populations in the county of meadow saffron Other species include ox eye daisy and cuckoo flower 302 Monewden Meadows nbsp nbsp Y 3 7 hectares 9 1 acres 303 YES Woodbridge52 10 01 N 1 15 18 E 52 167 N 1 255 E 52 167 1 255 Monewden Meadows TM 227 571 303 NCR 57 SWT 304 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has rich flora and it is described by Natural England as probably the best example in the county of unimproved calcareous clay and neutral grassland The herb species are especially diverse including meadow saffron and green winged orchid and there are ancient fruit trees 305 Nacton Meadows nbsp nbsp Y 4 5 hectares 11 acres 306 YES Ipswich 52 00 47 N 1 15 00 E 52 013 N 1 25 E 52 013 1 25 Nacton Meadows TM 231 399 306 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This site has fen meadow and grasslands Wetter areas have more diverse flora including Yorkshire fog crested dog s tail sharp flowered rush greater bird s foot trefoil and the uncommon marsh arrowgrass 307 Neutral Farm Pit Butley nbsp nbsp Y 1 1 hectares 2 7 acres 308 YES Woodbridge52 06 22 N 1 27 40 E 52 106 N 1 461 E 52 106 1 461 Neutral Farm Pit Butley TM 371 510 308 GCR 309 SCHAONB 22 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This is described by Natural England as a classic site in the study of the Early Pleistocene in East Anglia It was used by the nineteenth century geologist Frederick W Harmer to define his Butley division of the Red Crag Formation and it has many fossils of marine molluscs 310 Newbourne Springs nbsp nbsp Y 15 7 hectares 39 acres 311 YES Woodbridge52 02 35 N 1 18 25 E 52 043 N 1 307 E 52 043 1 307 Newbourn Springs TM 269 435 311 SWT 312 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Most of this site is a narrow valley with a fast flowing stream with alder carr and fen Drier and more acidic soils have grassland woodland scrub and bracken heath The site is actively managed producing diverse flora and many breeding and migratory birds such as treecreepers nuthatches and sedge warblers 312 313 Newmarket Heath nbsp nbsp Y 279 3 hectares 690 acres 314 PP Newmarket 52 14 N 0 22 E 52 24 N 0 37 E 52 24 0 37 Newmarket Heath TL 622 627 314 Map Citation Most of this site is chalk grassland and it has areas of chalk heath a rare habitat in Britain There is a rich variety of flowering plants including a nationally rare species listed in the British Red Data Book of threatened species and five nationally uncommon ones The dominant grasses are upright brome and sheep s fescue 315 Norton Wood nbsp nbsp Y 24 8 hectares 61 acres 316 YES Bury St Edmunds 52 14 35 N 0 53 10 E 52 243 N 0 886 E 52 243 0 886 Norton Wood TL 971 645 316 Map Citation Archived 4 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine This ancient coppice with standards wood is on sand and loess over boulder clay There are many pedunculate oak hazel ash and birch trees The ground flora includes a number of uncommon plants such as oxlip 317 Orwell Estuary nbsp nbsp Y 1 335 5 hectares 3 300 acres 318 PP Ipswich 52 00 N 1 14 E 52 N 1 23 E 52 1 23 Orwell Estuary TM 221 380 318 Ramsar 319 320 SCHAONB 22 SPA 321 322 SWT 323 Map Citation Archived 5 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine The estuary is described by Natural England as of national importance for its breeding avocets its other breeding and wintering birds its vascular plants and its intertidal mud habitats It also has a rich and diverse assemblage of invertebrates and a nationally important community of algae 324 Over and Lawn Woods nbsp nbsp Y 45 3 hectares 112 acres 325 NO Haverhill 52 07 N 0 23 E 52 11 N 0 39 E 52 11 0 39 Over and Lawn Woods TL 635 483 325 Map Citation These are ancient coppice with standards woods on chalky boulder clay and the dominant trees are pedunculate oak and ash The fauna and flora is diverse including the nationally restricted oxlip A stream and pond provide additional ecological interest 326 Pakefield to Easton Bavents nbsp nbsp Y nbsp Y 735 4 hectares 1 817 acres 327 PP Beccles 52 23 N 1 42 E 52 38 N 1 7 E 52 38 1 7 Pakefield to Easton Bavents TM 519 818 327 GCR, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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