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Classification of inhabited localities in Russia

The classification system of inhabited localities in Russia and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared with those in other countries.

Classes edit

During the Soviet time, each of the republics of the Soviet Union, including the Russian SFSR, had its own legislative documents dealing with classification of inhabited localities.[1] After the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, the task of developing and maintaining such classification in Russia was delegated to the federal subjects.[2] While currently there are certain peculiarities to classifications used in many federal subjects, they are all still largely based on the system used in the RSFSR. In all federal subjects, the inhabited localities are classified into two major categories: urban and rural.[3] Further divisions of these categories vary slightly from one federal subject to another,[2] but they all follow common trends described below.

Urban edit

 
Vyborg, a town (gorod) in the Leningrad Oblast
  • Cities and towns (город, gorod; pl. города, goroda). Cities and towns are classified by their level of jurisdiction (district/federal subject/federal). The Russian language has no separate words for "town" and "city" ("город" is used for both). Some translators prefer the word "city" for urban populated places with population of at least 100,000 persons.
  • Urban-type settlements (посёлок городского типа, posyolok gorodskogo tipa; pl. посёлки городского типа) is a type of smaller urban locality. This type of urban locality was first introduced in the Soviet Union in 1924, with the following subcategories:[4]
    • Urban-type settlement proper—mostly urban population of 3,000–12,000.
      • Workers' settlement (рабочий посёлок, rabochy posyolok)—mostly urban population occupied in industrial manufacture.
      • Suburban (dacha) settlement (дачный посёлок, dachny posyolok)—typically, a suburban settlement with summer dachas.
      • Resort settlement (курортный посёлок, kurortny posyolok)—mostly urban population occupied in services to holidaymakers (on the seaside or a mineral water spa, or in the mountains for walks and alpine skiing).
      • Shift settlements for shift method work.

In 1957, the procedures for categorizing urban-type settlements were further refined.[5]

Rural edit

 
Ferapontovo, a village (selo) in the Vologda Oblast

Multiple types of rural localities exist, some common through the whole territory of Russia, some specific to certain federal subjects. The most common types include:

  • Derevnyas (деревня, derevnya; pl. деревни, derevni), hamlets
  • Selos (село, selo; pl. сёла, syola), villages (historically, ones with an Orthodox church).
  • Stanitsas (станица, stanitsa; pl. станицы, stanitsy), villages (historically, Cossack rural settlements)
  • Slobodas (слобода, sloboda; pl. слободы, slobody), villages (historically, settlements freed from taxes and levies)
  • (Rural-type) settlements (посёлок (сельского типа), posyolok (selskogo tipa); pl. посёлки (сельского типа)). The "rural-type" (сельского типа) designation is added to the settlements the population of which is mostly occupied in agriculture, while posyolok (посёлок) proper indicates a mix of population working in agriculture and industry.

Historical edit

  • Krepost (крепость, a fort), a fortified settlement
    • A kremlin (кремль, citadel), a major krepost, usually including a castle and surrounded by a posad
    • An ostrog, a more primitive kind of krepost which could be put up quickly within rough walls of debarked pointed timber
  • Posad (посад), a medieval suburban settlement
  • Mestechko (местечко, from Polish: miasteczko), a small town in the Western Krai annexed during the partitions of Poland; typically a mestechko would have a Jewish majority and such towns are referred to in English by the Yiddish term shtetl
  • Pogost
  • Seltso, a type of rural locality in the Russian Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
  • Pochinok (починок, pochinok; pl. починки, pochinki), a newly formed rural locality of one or several families. Pochinoks were established as new settlements and usually grow into larger villages as they developed.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ In the Russian SFSR, the issues of the administrative and territorial division, including the system of classification of the inhabited localities, was regulated by the Statute On Procedure of Resolving the Issues of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the RSFSR, approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on August 17, 1982 (Положение "О порядке решения вопросос административно-территориального устройства РСФСР", утверждённое Указом Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 августа 1982 г.)
  2. ^ a b Articles 71 and 72 of the Constitution of Russia do not name issues of the administrative and territorial structure among the tasks handled on the federal level or jointly with the governments of the federal subjects. As such, all federal subjects pass their own laws establishing the system of the administrative-territorial divisions on their territories.
  3. ^ See, for example, the results of the 2002 population Census
  4. ^ Постановление ВЦИК и СНК РСФСР от 15 сентября 1924 г. "Общее положение о городских и сельских поселениях и посёлках" (Resolution of the All-Union Executive Committee and the Soviet of People's Commissars of September 15, 1924 General Statute on Urban and Rural Settlements)
  5. ^ Указ Президиума ВС РСФСР от 12 сентября 1957 г. "О порядке отнесения населённых пунктов к категории городов, рабочих и курортных посёлков" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of September 12, 1957 On Procedures of Categorizing the Inhabited Localities as Cities, Work and Resort Settlements)

External links edit

  • Doukhobor Genealogy Website. Jonathan J. Kalmakoff. Index of Russian Geographic Terms 2018-10-09 at the Wayback Machine.

classification, inhabited, localities, russia, classification, system, inhabited, localities, russia, some, other, post, soviet, states, certain, peculiarities, compared, with, those, other, countries, contents, classes, urban, rural, historical, also, referen. The classification system of inhabited localities in Russia and some other post Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared with those in other countries Contents 1 Classes 1 1 Urban 1 2 Rural 1 3 Historical 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksClasses editDuring the Soviet time each of the republics of the Soviet Union including the Russian SFSR had its own legislative documents dealing with classification of inhabited localities 1 After the Dissolution of the Soviet Union the task of developing and maintaining such classification in Russia was delegated to the federal subjects 2 While currently there are certain peculiarities to classifications used in many federal subjects they are all still largely based on the system used in the RSFSR In all federal subjects the inhabited localities are classified into two major categories urban and rural 3 Further divisions of these categories vary slightly from one federal subject to another 2 but they all follow common trends described below Urban edit nbsp Vyborg a town gorod in the Leningrad Oblast Cities and towns gorod gorod pl goroda goroda Cities and towns are classified by their level of jurisdiction district federal subject federal The Russian language has no separate words for town and city gorod is used for both Some translators prefer the word city for urban populated places with population of at least 100 000 persons Urban type settlements posyolok gorodskogo tipa posyolok gorodskogo tipa pl posyolki gorodskogo tipa is a type of smaller urban locality This type of urban locality was first introduced in the Soviet Union in 1924 with the following subcategories 4 Urban type settlement proper mostly urban population of 3 000 12 000 Workers settlement rabochij posyolok rabochy posyolok mostly urban population occupied in industrial manufacture Suburban dacha settlement dachnyj posyolok dachny posyolok typically a suburban settlement with summer dachas Resort settlement kurortnyj posyolok kurortny posyolok mostly urban population occupied in services to holidaymakers on the seaside or a mineral water spa or in the mountains for walks and alpine skiing Shift settlements for shift method work In 1957 the procedures for categorizing urban type settlements were further refined 5 Rural edit nbsp Ferapontovo a village selo in the Vologda Oblast Multiple types of rural localities exist some common through the whole territory of Russia some specific to certain federal subjects The most common types include Derevnyas derevnya derevnya pl derevni derevni hamlets Selos selo selo pl syola syola villages historically ones with an Orthodox church Stanitsas stanica stanitsa pl stanicy stanitsy villages historically Cossack rural settlements Slobodas sloboda sloboda pl slobody slobody villages historically settlements freed from taxes and levies Rural type settlements posyolok selskogo tipa posyolok selskogo tipa pl posyolki selskogo tipa The rural type selskogo tipa designation is added to the settlements the population of which is mostly occupied in agriculture while posyolok posyolok proper indicates a mix of population working in agriculture and industry Historical edit Krepost krepost a fort a fortified settlement A kremlin kreml citadel a major krepost usually including a castle and surrounded by a posad An ostrog a more primitive kind of krepost which could be put up quickly within rough walls of debarked pointed timber Posad posad a medieval suburban settlement Mestechko mestechko from Polish miasteczko a small town in the Western Krai annexed during the partitions of Poland typically a mestechko would have a Jewish majority and such towns are referred to in English by the Yiddish term shtetl Pogost Seltso a type of rural locality in the Russian Empire and the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth Pochinok pochinok pochinok pl pochinki pochinki a newly formed rural locality of one or several families Pochinoks were established as new settlements and usually grow into larger villages as they developed See also editCity of federal subject significance List of terms for administrative divisions Lists of rural localities in Russia Political divisions of Russia Town of district significanceReferences edit In the Russian SFSR the issues of the administrative and territorial division including the system of classification of the inhabited localities was regulated by the Statute On Procedure of Resolving the Issues of the Administrative Territorial Structure of the RSFSR approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on August 17 1982 Polozhenie O poryadke resheniya voprosos administrativno territorialnogo ustrojstva RSFSR utverzhdyonnoe Ukazom Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta RSFSR ot 17 avgusta 1982 g a b Articles 71 and 72 of the Constitution of Russia do not name issues of the administrative and territorial structure among the tasks handled on the federal level or jointly with the governments of the federal subjects As such all federal subjects pass their own laws establishing the system of the administrative territorial divisions on their territories See for example the results of the 2002 population Census Postanovlenie VCIK i SNK RSFSR ot 15 sentyabrya 1924 g Obshee polozhenie o gorodskih i selskih poseleniyah i posyolkah Resolution of the All Union Executive Committee and the Soviet of People s Commissars of September 15 1924 General Statute on Urban and Rural Settlements Ukaz Prezidiuma VS RSFSR ot 12 sentyabrya 1957 g O poryadke otneseniya naselyonnyh punktov k kategorii gorodov rabochih i kurortnyh posyolkov Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of September 12 1957 On Procedures of Categorizing the Inhabited Localities as Cities Work and Resort Settlements External links editDoukhobor Genealogy Website Jonathan J Kalmakoff Index of Russian Geographic Terms Archived 2018 10 09 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Classification of inhabited localities in Russia amp oldid 1208325641, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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