Acer campestre, known as the field maple,[2] is a flowering plant species in the family Sapindaceae. It is native to much of continental Europe, Britain, southwest Asia from Turkey to the Caucasus, and north Africa in the Atlas Mountains. It has been widely planted, and is introduced outside its native range in Europe and areas of USA and Western Australia with suitable climate.
It is a deciduous tree reaching 15–25 m (49–82 ft) tall, with a trunk up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in diameter, with finely fissured, often somewhat corkybark. The shoots are brown, with dark brown winter buds. The leaves are in opposite pairs, 5–16 cm (2.0–6.3 in) long (including the 3–9 cm (1.2–3.5 in) petiole) and 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) broad, with five blunt, rounded lobes with a smooth margin. Usually monoecious, the flowers are produced in spring at the same time as the leaves open, yellow-green, in erect clusters 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) across, and are insect-pollinated. The fruit is a samara with two winged achenes aligned at 180°, each achene is 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) wide, flat, with a 2 cm (0.79 in) wing.[3][4]
The two varieties, not accepted as distinct by all authorities, are:[3][5]
Acer campestre var. campestre - downy fruit
Acer campestre var. leiocarpum (Opiz) Wallr. (syn. A. campestre subsp. leiocarpum) - hairless fruit
The closely related Acer miyabei replaces it in eastern Asia.[3]
Distribution
The native range of field maple includes much of Europe, including Denmark, Poland and Belarus, England north to southern Scotland (where it is the only native maple), southwest Asia from Turkey to the Caucasus, and north Africa in the Atlas Mountains.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In many areas, the original native range is obscured by widespread planting and introductions.[10] In North America it is known as hedge maple[11][12] and in Australia, it is sometimes called common maple.[13] In Nottinghamshire, England it was known locally as dog oak.[14]
Ecology
Field maple is an intermediate species in the ecological succession of disturbed areas; it typically is not among the first trees to colonise a freshly disturbed area, but instead seeds in under the existing vegetation. It is very shade-tolerant during the initial stages of its life, but it has higher light requirements during its seed-bearing years. It exhibits rapid growth initially, but is eventually overtaken and replaced by other trees as the forest matures. It is most commonly found on neutral to alkaline soils, but more rarely on acidic soil.[9]
The field maple is widely grown as an ornamental tree in parks and large gardens. The wood is white, hard and strong, and used for furniture, flooring, wood turning and musical instruments,[16] though the small size of the tree and its relatively slow growth make it an unimportant wood.[3] It has an OPALS rating of 7.[17]
Acer campestre (and the similar A. monspessulanum) are popular among bonsai enthusiasts. The dwarf cultivar 'Microphyllum' is especially useful in this regard. A. campestrebonsai have an appearance distinct from those selected from some other maples such as A. palmatum with more frilly, translucent, leaves. The shrubby habit and smallish leaves of A. campestre respond well to techniques encouraging ramification and leaf reduction.[22][23]
Gallery
Field maple leaf
Leaves and flowers
Field maple, Germany
Leaves
Foliage in spring
Field maple, Hesse, Germany
Field maple leaf
Fruits
Field maple
Field maple flowers
Field maple in autumn, France
Field maple, Germany
Field maple, Spain
Leaves and inflorescence
Leaves and fruits
Trunk
Maple field tree, Weinsberg
Leaf
References
^"Acer campestre L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
^. Ohio State University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved August 29, 2007.
^Department of Agriculture, Western Australia: Pests and Diseases Image Library 2008-08-19 at the Wayback Machine
^Wright, Joseph. The English dialect dictionary. Vol. 6. London: Oxford University Press. p. 109.
^. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-08-29.
^. Archived from the original on 2010-09-13. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
^Ogren, Thomas Leo (2000). Allergy-Free Gardening. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p. 30. ISBN1580081665.
^Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 36: 203-225 Plants naturalised in the County of Ashburton
^"Acer campestre". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
^"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. November 2018. p. 1. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
^van Gelderen, C.J.; van Gelderen, D.M. (1999). Maples for Gardens: A Color Encyclopedia.
^. Bonsai Club International. Archived from the original on November 11, 2006. Retrieved November 26, 2006.
^D'Cruz, Mark. . Ma-Ke Bonsai. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acer campestre.
Chybicki, Igor J.; Waldon-Rudzionek, Barbara; Meyza, Katarzyna (December 2014). "Population at the edge: increased divergence but not inbreeding towards northern range limit in Acer campestre". Tree Genetics & Genomes. 10 (6): 1739–1753. doi:10.1007/s11295-014-0793-2.
March 23, 2023
acer, campestre, known, field, maple, flowering, plant, species, family, sapindaceae, native, much, continental, europe, britain, southwest, asia, from, turkey, caucasus, north, africa, atlas, mountains, been, widely, planted, introduced, outside, native, rang. Acer campestre known as the field maple 2 is a flowering plant species in the family Sapindaceae It is native to much of continental Europe Britain southwest Asia from Turkey to the Caucasus and north Africa in the Atlas Mountains It has been widely planted and is introduced outside its native range in Europe and areas of USA and Western Australia with suitable climate Acer campestreScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder SapindalesFamily SapindaceaeGenus AcerSection Acer sect PlatanoideaSpecies A campestreBinomial nameAcer campestreL DistributionSynonyms 1 List Acer affine Hoffmanns ex Walp Acer affine Opiz Acer bedoi Borbas Acer campestre f aegaeicum Drenk Acer campestre f boomii Geerinck Acer campestre f ferrugineum Jovan Acer campestre f josifovicii Gajic amp Diklic Jovan Acer campestre f jovanovicii Gajic amp Drenk Acer campestre f latilobum Jovan Acer campestre f platypterum Jovan Acer collinum Ten Acer erythrocarpum Opiz ex Rouy amp Fouc Acer haplolobum Borbas Acer heterolobum Opiz Acer heterotomum Borbas Acer marucum Walp Acer microphyllum Opiz Acer orthopteron Masson ex Opiz Acer palmatisectum Ortmann Acer polycarpon Opiz Acer praecox Opiz Acer quinquelobatum J Wagner ex Opiz Acer robustum Opiz Acer suberosum Dumort Acer tauricum Dippel Acer tauschianum Opiz Euacer affine Opiz Euacer austriacum Opiz Euacer campestre L Opiz Euacer eriocarpon Opiz Euacer erythrocarpon Opiz Euacer kablikianum Opiz Euacer leiocarpon Opiz Euacer molle Opiz Euacer obtusilobum Opiz Euacer orthopteron Opiz Euacer pallens Opiz Euacer palmatisectum Opiz Euacer polycarpon Opiz Euacer quinquelobatum Opiz Euacer rubescens Opiz Euacer rubrotinctum Opiz Euacer scharkense Opiz Euacer stenopteron Opiz Euacer subquinquelobatum Opiz Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Ecology 4 Cultivation 4 1 Cultivars 5 Bonsai 6 Gallery 7 References 8 Further readingDescription EditIt is a deciduous tree reaching 15 25 m 49 82 ft tall with a trunk up to 1 m 3 ft 3 in in diameter with finely fissured often somewhat corky bark The shoots are brown with dark brown winter buds The leaves are in opposite pairs 5 16 cm 2 0 6 3 in long including the 3 9 cm 1 2 3 5 in petiole and 5 10 cm 2 0 3 9 in broad with five blunt rounded lobes with a smooth margin Usually monoecious the flowers are produced in spring at the same time as the leaves open yellow green in erect clusters 4 6 cm 1 6 2 4 in across and are insect pollinated The fruit is a samara with two winged achenes aligned at 180 each achene is 8 10 mm 0 31 0 39 in wide flat with a 2 cm 0 79 in wing 3 4 The two varieties not accepted as distinct by all authorities are 3 5 Acer campestre var campestre downy fruit Acer campestre var leiocarpum Opiz Wallr syn A campestre subsp leiocarpum hairless fruitThe closely related Acer miyabei replaces it in eastern Asia 3 Distribution EditThe native range of field maple includes much of Europe including Denmark Poland and Belarus England north to southern Scotland where it is the only native maple southwest Asia from Turkey to the Caucasus and north Africa in the Atlas Mountains 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 In many areas the original native range is obscured by widespread planting and introductions 10 In North America it is known as hedge maple 11 12 and in Australia it is sometimes called common maple 13 In Nottinghamshire England it was known locally as dog oak 14 Ecology EditField maple is an intermediate species in the ecological succession of disturbed areas it typically is not among the first trees to colonise a freshly disturbed area but instead seeds in under the existing vegetation It is very shade tolerant during the initial stages of its life but it has higher light requirements during its seed bearing years It exhibits rapid growth initially but is eventually overtaken and replaced by other trees as the forest matures It is most commonly found on neutral to alkaline soils but more rarely on acidic soil 9 Diseases include a leaf spot fungus Didymosporina aceris a mildew Uncinula bicornis a canker Nectria galligena and verticillium wilt Verticillium alboatrum The leaves are also sometimes damaged by gall mites in the genus Aceria and the aphid Periphyllus villosus 15 Cultivation EditThe field maple is widely grown as an ornamental tree in parks and large gardens The wood is white hard and strong and used for furniture flooring wood turning and musical instruments 16 though the small size of the tree and its relatively slow growth make it an unimportant wood 3 It has an OPALS rating of 7 17 It is locally naturalised in parts of the United States 11 and more rarely in New Zealand 18 The hybrid maple Acer zoeschense has A campestre as one of its parents 4 The tree has gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 19 20 Cultivars Edit Over 30 cultivars of Acer campestre are known selected for their foliage or habit or occasionally both several have been lost to cultivation 21 Carnival Commodore Compactum Eastleigh Weeping Elegant Elsrijk Evenly Red Fastigiatum Green Weeping Leprechaun Lienco Marjolein Nanum Pendulum Postelense Pulverulentum Punctatissimum Puncticulatum Queen Elisabeth Red Shine Royal Ruby Ruby Glow Schwerinii Senator Silver Celebration Silver Dawn Streetwise Tauricum Tomentosum William Caldwell Zorgvlied Bonsai EditAcer campestre and the similar A monspessulanum are popular among bonsai enthusiasts The dwarf cultivar Microphyllum is especially useful in this regard A campestre bonsai have an appearance distinct from those selected from some other maples such as A palmatum with more frilly translucent leaves The shrubby habit and smallish leaves of A campestre respond well to techniques encouraging ramification and leaf reduction 22 23 Gallery Edit Field maple leaf Leaves and flowers Field maple Germany Leaves Foliage in spring Field maple Hesse Germany Field maple leaf Fruits Field maple Field maple flowers Field maple in autumn France Field maple Germany Field maple Spain Leaves and inflorescence Leaves and fruits Trunk Maple field tree Weinsberg LeafReferences Edit Acer campestre L Plants of the World Online Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew 2017 Retrieved 31 July 2020 BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2021 03 03 a b c d e Rushforth K 1999 Trees of Britain and Europe Collins ISBN 0 00 220013 9 a b c Mitchell A F 1974 A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe Collins ISBN 0 00 212035 6 a b Euro Med Plantbase Project Acer campestre Archived 2007 09 28 at the Wayback Machine Acer campestre Flora Europaea Retrieved August 29 2007 Flora of NW Europe Acer campestre permanent dead link Den virtuella floran Acer campestre distribution map a b Nagy L Ducci F 2004 Acer campestre Field maple PDF EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for Genetic Conservation and Use 6 p Online atlas of the British and Irish flora Acer campestre Field maple Biological Records Centre and Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland a b Acer campestre USDA Plants Profile Retrieved August 29 2007 Acer campestre Ohio State University Archived from the original on September 1 2006 Retrieved August 29 2007 Department of Agriculture Western Australia Pests and Diseases Image Library Archived 2008 08 19 at the Wayback Machine Wright Joseph The English dialect dictionary Vol 6 London Oxford University Press p 109 Field maple images and diseases Archived from the original on 2007 09 28 Retrieved 2007 08 29 Field maple Woodland Trust Archived from the original on 2010 09 13 Retrieved 2010 08 24 Ogren Thomas Leo 2000 Allergy Free Gardening Berkeley California Ten Speed Press p 30 ISBN 1580081665 Trans and Proc Roy Soc New Zealand 36 203 225 Plants naturalised in the County of Ashburton Acer campestre www rhs org Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 27 February 2020 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF www rhs org Royal Horticultural Society November 2018 p 1 Retrieved 27 February 2020 van Gelderen C J van Gelderen D M 1999 Maples for Gardens A Color Encyclopedia A campestre Bonsai Club International Archived from the original on November 11 2006 Retrieved November 26 2006 D Cruz Mark Ma Ke Bonsai Care Guide for Acer campestre Ma Ke Bonsai Archived from the original on March 15 2012 Retrieved April 15 2011 Further reading Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acer campestre Chybicki Igor J Waldon Rudzionek Barbara Meyza Katarzyna December 2014 Population at the edge increased divergence but not inbreeding towards northern range limit in Acer campestre Tree Genetics amp Genomes 10 6 1739 1753 doi 10 1007 s11295 014 0793 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Acer campestre amp oldid 1141387427, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
