Xuancheng
Xuancheng (Chinese: 宣城; pinyin: Xuānchéng; Xuanzhou Wu: Shye-san) is a city in the southeast of Anhui province. Archeological digs suggest that the city has been settled for over 4,000 years, and has been under formal administration since the Qin dynasty.[3] Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta, it borders Wuhu to the northwest, Chizhou to the west, Huangshan to the southwest, and the coastal provinces of Zhejiang and Jiangsu to the southeast and northeast respectively.
Xuancheng 宣城市 Suancheng | |
|---|---|
| Coordinates (Xuancheng municipal government): 30°56′20″N 118°45′32″E / 30.939°N 118.759°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Anhui |
| County-level divisions | 7 |
| Township-level divisions | 115 |
| Settled | 109 BC |
| Municipal seat | Xuanzhou District |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Han Jun (韩军) |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 12,313 km2 (4,754 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,630 km2 (1,020 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,630 km2 (1,020 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 2,500,063 |
| • Density | 200/km2 (530/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 774,332 |
| • Urban density | 290/km2 (760/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 774,332 |
| • Metro density | 290/km2 (760/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 242000 |
| Area code | 0563 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-AH-18 |
| License Plate Prefix | 皖P |
| Website | www |
History edit
Archeological digs in Xuancheng have found pottery and stoneware indicative of the Liangzhu Culture.[3]
During the Spring and Autumn period, the area belonged to the State of Wu, although, upon the decline of Wu, the area was also ruled by the State of Chu and the State of Yue, respectively.[3]
Under the Qin dynasty, the area was administered as Zhang Commandery (Chinese: 鄣郡),[3] which became the Danyang Commandery in 109 BCE, under the Western Han Dynasty.[4] During the Danyang Commandery, Wanling (Chinese: 宛陵, presently Xuanzhou District, the site of the Xuancheng Municipal Government) served as the administrative center.[3] Xuanzhou has been the political, economic and cultural center of administration since then.[citation needed] In 281 CE, Xuancheng Commandery was established.[3]
Xuancheng became a prefecture-level city in 2000.[4]
Geography and Climate edit
Its terrain is varied and complicated, basically sloping downward from the south to the north. Its landform can be approximately divided into five types: mountain, hill, valley and basin, hillock and plain. The south and southeast regions belong to ranges of Tianmu Mountain, while the southwest and west regions are respectively parts of ranges of Mt. Huangshan and Mt. Jiuhua. Qingliang Peak is also located within Xuancheng.[4] 59.34% of the city's area is forested.[4]
The city has a subtropical humid monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons and abundant precipitation. Of the four seasons, summer is the longest. Its annual average temperature falls round 15.6C (60.1F). Most of the rainfall occurs in summer. The plum rain season lasts from mid-June to early July.[5]
| Climate data for Xuancheng (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) | 28.6 (83.5) | 33.5 (92.3) | 34.8 (94.6) | 36.6 (97.9) | 38.1 (100.6) | 40.5 (104.9) | 40.2 (104.4) | 39.5 (103.1) | 34.0 (93.2) | 29.5 (85.1) | 24.3 (75.7) | 40.5 (104.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) | 10.8 (51.4) | 15.7 (60.3) | 22.1 (71.8) | 27.0 (80.6) | 29.4 (84.9) | 33.2 (91.8) | 32.6 (90.7) | 28.2 (82.8) | 23.1 (73.6) | 17.1 (62.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 21.5 (70.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) | 5.9 (42.6) | 10.4 (50.7) | 16.5 (61.7) | 21.6 (70.9) | 24.9 (76.8) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.9 (82.2) | 23.5 (74.3) | 17.8 (64.0) | 11.5 (52.7) | 5.5 (41.9) | 16.5 (61.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) | 2.4 (36.3) | 6.3 (43.3) | 11.9 (53.4) | 17.2 (63.0) | 21.3 (70.3) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 20.0 (68.0) | 13.8 (56.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 1.8 (35.2) | 12.6 (54.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.2 (13.6) | −10.0 (14.0) | −3.6 (25.5) | 1.4 (34.5) | 8.7 (47.7) | 12.7 (54.9) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.0 (64.4) | 11.0 (51.8) | 2.2 (36.0) | −4.8 (23.4) | −12.8 (9.0) | −12.8 (9.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 79.2 (3.12) | 77.8 (3.06) | 118.0 (4.65) | 118.7 (4.67) | 132.7 (5.22) | 255.0 (10.04) | 197.0 (7.76) | 147.8 (5.82) | 86.4 (3.40) | 67.7 (2.67) | 66.9 (2.63) | 51.2 (2.02) | 1,398.4 (55.06) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.7 | 11.3 | 13.8 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 14.0 | 13.2 | 13.0 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 139.2 |
| Average snowy days | 4.0 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 8.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 78 | 76 | 74 | 75 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 79 | 80 | 78 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 109.4 | 116.2 | 140.8 | 163.9 | 180.0 | 148.6 | 210.0 | 203.4 | 164.4 | 165.3 | 143.1 | 131.7 | 1,876.8 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 34 | 37 | 38 | 42 | 42 | 35 | 49 | 50 | 45 | 47 | 45 | 42 | 42 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
Administration edit
Xuancheng City administers seven county-level divisions, including one district, two county-level cities and five counties.
- Xuanzhou District (宣州区)
- Ningguo City (宁国市)
- Guangde City (广德市)
- Langxi County (郎溪县)
- Jing County (泾县)
- Jixi County (绩溪县)
- Jingde County (旌德县)
These are further divided into 115 township-level divisions, including 61 towns, 44 townships and ten subdistricts.
Language and culture edit
In Xuancheng, Jianghuai Mandarin and Wu Chinese are spoken as well as Standard Mandarin.
Xuancheng is a city with 2,000 years of history and cultural relics. It has a profound cultural heritage and rich tourism resources. There are many scenery resorts, such as the country's largest captive breeding bases—Chinese Crocodile Lake, one of the four unique scenes – Taiji Cave, Peach Blossom Pool, Jing Ting Mountain, Zhangshan Canyon, and cultural sites of the New Fourth Army, the Ancestral Hall of the Hu Family in Jixi, the former residence of Mr. Hu Shih, the Jiang's Village in Jingde, and so on. Since reform and opening up, the city has achieved a lot of progress, and is accelerating the development of municipal services, transport, tourism and other infrastructural facilities. Xuancheng, as a new city with pleasant environments of living, enterprising, sightseeing, is on the rise. The Ningguo Stadium is located in the city. The 12,000-capacity stadium is used mainly for association football matches.
Demographics edit
Its population was 2,500,063 as of 2020 census whom 774,332 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Xuanzhou District.
The city is home to 45 ethnic minorities, whose population totals about 13,000 people.[8] Xuancheng administers one ethnic township: Yunti She Ethnic Township.[8] Xuancheng also administers two ethnic villages: Hucun Hui Ethnic Village (Chinese: 胡村回族村) in Shencun, Xuanzhou District, and Qianqiu She Ethnic Village (Chinese: 千秋畲族村) in Yunti She Ethnic Township, Ningguo.[8]
Economy edit
As of 2020, the city's gross domestic product is estimated at ¥160.75 billion,[4][9] its inflation rate was 2.4%,[9] and its urban unemployment rate was 2.7%.[9] Total consumer retail sales in 2020 reached ¥62.66 billion,[9] and foreign trade totaled ¥13.44 billion.[9]
Xuancheng's per capita disposable income is ¥30,746 as of 2020, and stood at ¥42,134 for urban residents, and ¥18,928 for rural residents.[9]
Xuancheng's major industrial products include beverages, cloth, concrete, electronics components, fertilizer, paper and cardboard.[9]
Xuancheng is known for its production of high quality Xuan paper (simplified Chinese: 宣纸; traditional Chinese: 宣紙), Xuan writing brushes (simplified Chinese: 宣笔; traditional Chinese: 宣筆), and Xuan ink stones (simplified Chinese: 宣砚; traditional Chinese: 宣硯), all of which are used in traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting.[citation needed] These products make up a large proportion of the city's exports.[citation needed]
Notable people edit
- Hu Shih (1891–1962): philosopher, essayist and diplomat, one of the leaders of China's New Culture Movement, former president of Peking University (in 1939 Hu Shih was nominated for a Nobel Prize in literature)
- Wang Jiaxiang (1906–1974): the first Chinese Ambassador to Soviet Union after the establishment of People's Republic of China
- Wu Zuoren (1908–1997): painter, former principal of the China Central Academy of Fine Arts
- Ren Xinmin (1915–2017): aerospace engineer and a specialist in astronautics and liquid rocket engine technology
- Hu Jintao (1942– ): former General Secretary of the Communist Party and President of China
- Mei Yaochen (1002–60), a major poet of the Northern Song Dynasty
Education edit
- Hefei University of Technology Xuancheng Campus
- Xuancheng High School
- Xuancheng Vocational & Technical college
Transportation edit
Rail edit
Xuancheng is served by the Anhui–Jiangxi Railway and Beijing–Taipei High-Speed Rail Corridor.
References edit
- ^ Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22.
- ^ "China: Ānhuī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ^ a b c d e f 历史沿革 [History] (in Chinese). Xuancheng Municipal People's Government. 2021-01-22. Archived from the original on 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
- ^ a b c d e 宣城概况 [Xuancheng Overview] (in Chinese). Xuancheng Municipal People's Government. 2021-02-18. Archived from the original on 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
- ^ Travel in Anhui
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ a b c 人口民族 [Population and Ethnicity] (in Chinese). Xuancheng Municipal People's Government. 2021-03-29. Archived from the original on 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g 经济发展 [Economic Development] (in Chinese). Xuancheng Municipal People's Government. 2021-03-29. Archived from the original on 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
External links edit
- Xuancheng Government website (in Simplified Chinese)