Washington County, Texas
Washington County is a county in Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,805.[1] Its county seat is Brenham, which is located along U.S. Highway 290, 72 miles northwest of Houston.[2] The county was created in 1835 as a municipality of Mexico and organized as a county in 1837.[3][4] It is named for George Washington, the first president of the United States.
Washington County | |
|---|---|
The Washington County Courthouse in Brenham | |
Location within the U.S. state of Texas | |
Texas's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 30°13′N 96°25′W / 30.21°N 96.41°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| Founded | 1837 |
| Named for | George Washington |
| Seat | Brenham |
| Largest city | Brenham |
| Area | |
| • Total | 622 sq mi (1,610 km2) |
| • Land | 604 sq mi (1,560 km2) |
| • Water | 18 sq mi (50 km2) 2.9% |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 35,805 |
| • Density | 58/sq mi (22/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 10th |
| Website | www |
Washington County comprises the Brenham, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Houston-The Woodlands, TX Combined Statistical Area.
Washington-on-the-Brazos in the county is notable as the site of the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence during the Convention of 1836. Reflecting the county's history as a destination of mid-19th-century German immigrants who came after the 1848 German revolutions, in the 2000 US Census, more than one third of residents identified as being of German ancestry.
Geography edit
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 622 square miles (1,610 km2), of which 604 square miles (1,560 km2) is land and 18 square miles (47 km2) (2.9%) is water.[5]
Major highways edit
Adjacent counties edit
- Brazos County (north)
- Grimes County (northeast)
- Waller County (east)
- Austin County (south)
- Fayette County (southwest)
- Lee County (west)
- Burleson County (northwest)
Demographics edit
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 5,983 | — | |
| 1860 | 15,215 | 154.3% | |
| 1870 | 23,104 | 51.9% | |
| 1880 | 27,565 | 19.3% | |
| 1890 | 29,161 | 5.8% | |
| 1900 | 32,931 | 12.9% | |
| 1910 | 25,561 | −22.4% | |
| 1920 | 26,624 | 4.2% | |
| 1930 | 25,394 | −4.6% | |
| 1940 | 25,387 | 0.0% | |
| 1950 | 20,542 | −19.1% | |
| 1960 | 19,145 | −6.8% | |
| 1970 | 18,842 | −1.6% | |
| 1980 | 21,998 | 16.7% | |
| 1990 | 26,154 | 18.9% | |
| 2000 | 30,373 | 16.1% | |
| 2010 | 33,718 | 11.0% | |
| 2020 | 35,805 | 6.2% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[6] 1850–2010[7] 2010[8] 2020[9] | |||
| Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2010[8] | Pop 2020[9] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 22,394 | 22,023 | 66.42% | 61.51% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 5,861 | 5,555 | 17.38% | 15.51% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 61 | 75 | 0.18% | 0.21% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 432 | 547 | 1.28% | 1.53% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 7 | 14 | 0.02% | 0.04% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 34 | 140 | 0.10% | 0.39% |
| Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 288 | 1,026 | 0.85% | 2.87% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 4,641 | 6,425 | 13.76% | 17.94% |
| Total | 33,718 | 35,805 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
As of the census[10] of 2000, there were 30,373 people, 11,322 households, and 7,936 families residing in the county. The population density was 50 people per square mile (19 people/km2). There were 13,241 housing units at an average density of 22 units per square mile (8.5 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 74.68% White, 18.66% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 1.21% Asian, 4.02% from other races, and 1.16% from two or more races. 8.71% of the population identified as Hispanic or Latino of any race. 33.6% identified as of German, 6.1% American, 5.7% English, 5.3% Irish and 5.0% Polish ancestry according to Census 2000. 88.1% spoke English, 8.6% Spanish, and 1.2% German as their first language.
There were 11,322 households, out of which 31.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.80% were married couples living together, 11.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.90% were non-families. 25.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.70% under the age of 18, 11.10% from 18 to 24, 25.30% from 25 to 44, 22.10% from 45 to 64, and 16.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 94.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.10 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $36,760, and the median income for a family was $43,982. Males had a median income of $31,698 versus $21,346 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,384. About 9.80% of families and 12.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.80% of those under age 18 and 14.50% of those age 65 or over.
Communities edit
Cities edit
Unincorporated communities edit
Historic communities edit
As part of a San Jacinto Day speech in 1900, Hon. Harry Haynes said, "this grand old county, the birthplace and cradle of Texas liberty, is in a sense a vast town cemetery. Tiger Point, Union Hill, Long Point, Sandtown, Old Gay Hill, Mt. Vernon, Turkey Creek, Mt. Gilead, Rock Island, Jacksonville, Mustang, all by the inexorable decrees of new conditions and changes wrought in the course of human events have been blotted from the face of this beautiful earth."[11]
Politics edit
Since the 1940s, Washington County has been powerfully Republican, with the only Democratic presidential candidate to carry it since Franklin D. Roosevelt’s 1936 landslide being Hill Country native Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. Since 1980, no Democrat has gained more than 40 percent of the county’s vote.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 12,959 | 74.27% | 4,261 | 24.42% | 229 | 1.31% |
| 2016 | 10,945 | 73.79% | 3,382 | 22.80% | 505 | 3.40% |
| 2012 | 10,857 | 75.41% | 3,381 | 23.48% | 159 | 1.10% |
| 2008 | 10,176 | 70.78% | 4,034 | 28.06% | 167 | 1.16% |
| 2004 | 9,597 | 73.47% | 3,389 | 25.94% | 77 | 0.59% |
| 2000 | 8,645 | 73.21% | 2,996 | 25.37% | 168 | 1.42% |
| 1996 | 6,319 | 60.65% | 3,460 | 33.21% | 640 | 6.14% |
| 1992 | 5,817 | 53.60% | 3,283 | 30.25% | 1,753 | 16.15% |
| 1988 | 6,041 | 66.85% | 2,960 | 32.75% | 36 | 0.40% |
| 1984 | 6,506 | 72.32% | 2,483 | 27.60% | 7 | 0.08% |
| 1980 | 4,821 | 64.32% | 2,518 | 33.60% | 156 | 2.08% |
| 1976 | 3,820 | 58.77% | 2,635 | 40.54% | 45 | 0.69% |
| 1972 | 3,862 | 74.30% | 1,323 | 25.45% | 13 | 0.25% |
| 1968 | 3,244 | 57.86% | 1,686 | 30.07% | 677 | 12.07% |
| 1964 | 2,019 | 40.69% | 2,938 | 59.21% | 5 | 0.10% |
| 1960 | 2,613 | 58.21% | 1,864 | 41.52% | 12 | 0.27% |
| 1956 | 2,975 | 75.83% | 933 | 23.78% | 15 | 0.38% |
| 1952 | 3,519 | 72.17% | 1,354 | 27.77% | 3 | 0.06% |
| 1948 | 1,904 | 50.88% | 1,647 | 44.01% | 191 | 5.10% |
| 1944 | 534 | 13.27% | 1,387 | 34.46% | 2,104 | 52.27% |
| 1940 | 1,868 | 56.32% | 1,449 | 43.68% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 176 | 8.10% | 1,993 | 91.72% | 4 | 0.18% |
| 1932 | 99 | 2.79% | 3,443 | 97.12% | 3 | 0.08% |
| 1928 | 275 | 9.94% | 2,491 | 90.06% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 496 | 11.99% | 3,568 | 86.25% | 73 | 1.76% |
| 1920 | 684 | 21.24% | 796 | 24.72% | 1,740 | 54.04% |
| 1916 | 1,306 | 53.72% | 1,119 | 46.03% | 6 | 0.25% |
| 1912 | 546 | 29.43% | 1,111 | 59.89% | 198 | 10.67% |
The GOP was competitive in the county during the Third Party System and to a smaller extent during the “System of 1896” era as the county then had a sizeable freedman population, but the county became typically “Solid South” Democratic for a brief period once that freedman population was completely disfranchised. Following the New Deal, the almost entirely white electorate of Washington County – which was being gradually stripped of its freedman population by the Great Migration – was one of the first to turn against FDR, voting for Wendell Willkie in 1940 at a time when most Majority black counties would vote over ninety percent for Democrats due to Reconstruction memories. Washington was one of eleven Texas counties to vote in 1920 for American Party candidate James E. Ferguson, and the solitary county to give a majority to the conservative “Texas Regulars”, which were a predecessor to the numerous “Dixiecrat” movements of the following two decades, in the 1944 election.
Education edit
School districts:
- Brenham Independent School District
- Burton Independent School District
- Giddings Independent School District
- Hallettsville Independent School District
Blinn College is the designated community college for all of the county.[22]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Washington County, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- ^ "TSHA | Brenham, TX".
- ^ "Texas: Individual County Chronologies". Texas Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. Newberry Library. 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
- ^ "Washington County". Texas Almanac. Texas State Historical Association. May 19, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
- ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
- ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
- ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
- ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Washington County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Washington County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ^ "History of Washington County". The Houston Post. April 29, 1900. p. 21 col. 2. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ "Ayres, TX". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
- ^ "Cedar Creek, TX (Washington County)" by Carole E. Christian in the Handbook of Texas, uploaded 12 June 2010; retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ^ "John P. Coles". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
- ^ "Graball, TX". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
- ^ Christian, Carole E. "Mount Vernon, TX (Washington County)". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
- ^ Lehmann, Elizabeth. "Muellersville, TX". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ "Winklemann, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Yegua, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ Christian, Carole E. "Zionville, TX". Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
- ^ Texas Education Code Sec. 130.168. BLINN JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA.
External links edit
- Washington County government's website
- Washington County from the Handbook of Texas Online
- Record Book of Conditional Land Grants for Washington County, 1841, hosted by the Portal to Texas History