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Typhoon Rai

April 09, 2024

This article is about the 2021 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Rai and List of storms named Odette.

Typhoon Rai, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Odette,[1] was a deadly and extremely destructive super typhoon, which was the second costliest typhoon in Philippine history behind Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Rai was a powerful rare tropical cyclone that struck the Philippines in December 2021. Rai became the first Category 5-equivalent super typhoon to develop in the month of December since Nock-ten in 2016, and the third Category 5 super typhoon recorded in the South China Sea, following Pamela in 1954 and Rammasun in 2014.

Typhoon Rai (Odette)
Rai at its initial peak intensity while approaching the Philippines on December 16
Meteorological history
FormedDecember 11, 2021
DissipatedDecember 21, 2021
Violent typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds195 km/h (120 mph)
Lowest pressure915 hPa (mbar); 27.02 inHg
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds280 km/h (175 mph)
Lowest pressure908 hPa (mbar); 26.81 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities410 total
Missing80
Damage$1.05 billion (2021 USD)
(Second-costliest in Philippine history)
Areas affected
IBTrACS
Part of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season

Rai, which named after an artifact called Rai stones, the 22nd and final named tropical storm, the ninth typhoon, and the fifth super typhoon of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, the system originated from a tropical disturbance near the equator on December 10, forming near the site of another low-pressure area that had dissipated on the previous day. Conditions around the system were favorable for further development, and it slowly developed into a tropical depression on December 12. On the same day, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the consolidating depression. Further intensification ensued, and Rai was upgraded to a tropical storm the next day, before passing south of Ngulu Atoll. After passing near Palau and impacting the island nation, Rai entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) by the night of December 14, where the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) named it "Odette". On the next day, both the JMA and JTWC raised the system's intensity to a low-end Category 1-equivalent typhoon, as an eye continued to appear. While approaching the Philippines, Rai rapidly intensified into a Category 5 super typhoon[nb 2] just before its first landfall across Siargao. It then slowly but steadily weakened as it traversed the Visayas, exiting into the Sulu Sea. After making its last landfall over Palawan, Rai continued to weaken before unexpectedly re-intensifying into a Category 5-equivalent typhoon by December 18, while nearing Vietnam. On the next day, Rai entered yet another weakening phase, dissipating on December 21, southeast of Hong Kong.

As Rai pounded the Philippines, heavy rainfall and strong and gusty winds impacted several areas around the storm's path. Many areas across the Visayas and Mindanao lost electricity with several provinces and areas being deprived further of communication services. Downed trees obstructed many roadways, and flooding was a major problem across the affected regions, particularly Bohol, where the storm was described as "one of the worst for the province". Rivers also overflowed across Cagayan de Oro, while numerous buildings sustained damage. Surigao City was reported to be completely damaged, and appealed for aid. Bohol also pleaded for help from the government due to the damages Rai brought to the area. A state of calamity has been placed in the province and Cebu. So far, 410 people have died, a large portion of which were from the severely affected island of Bohol. Damages at the aforementioned location were projected to be worth ₱5 billion ($100 million), with those in Siargao being estimated to be worth ₱20 billion ($401 million) and those in Negros Occidental being estimated to be worth ₱5.9 billion ($118 million).

Meteorological history edit

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

At 06:00 UTC on December 9, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started to monitor a low-latitude area of convection in the Pacific Ocean at 4°36′N 142°24′E / 4.6°N 142.4°E / 4.6; 142.4, located about 350 nautical miles (650 km; 400 mi) to Palau's east-southeast. A broad circulation was identified by the agency, with flaring convection over it. The circulation had a marginal environment with low to moderate wind shear, fair outflow, and warm sea surface temperatures.[4] Despite its given environment, however, the disturbance failed to intensify and dissipated by 06:00 UTC the next day. Another new area of low pressure formed on December 10, near the location of the previous disturbance. Analysis on the system revealed a degraded and disorganized low-level circulation center.[5][6] Position fixes by 02:30 UTC on December 11 determined that its center had shifted to the north over a developing surface trough, while convective bursts occurred around the system.[7] An advanced scatterometer pass featured below gale-force winds on its northwest quadrant.[8]

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) (the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean[9]) first upgraded the system to a tropical depression with winds of 55 km/h (35 mph),[nb 3] at 00:00 UTC the next day, followed by the JTWC upgrading the storm's chances of developing to "high" and subsequently issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert.[11][12][13] By 03:00 UTC on December 13, the JTWC upgraded the system to a weak tropical depression, highly based on Dvorak ratings of T1.5.[14] Nine hours later, the JMA classified the system as a tropical storm based on Dvorak ratings and named the storm Rai.[15] It was not until 15:00 UTC that day when the JTWC upgraded Rai to a tropical storm, as it began tracking northwestward.[16] Three hours later, Rai began to pass south of Ngulu State, while continuing to intensify and organize.[17][18] By December 14 in the early morning, the system was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA.[19] By 09:00 UTC, the JTWC noted that the system's cloud tops became warm; however, it further organized while tracking towards the small island country of Palau.[20] The storm entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility around 11:00 UTC (19:00 PHT), and was named Odette by the PAGASA.[21][22] Four hours later, Rai began to exhibit an eye which was first seen on microwave images.[23] The JMA further upgraded the system to a typhoon by the next day, followed by the JTWC three hours later as Rai began to take a westward motion under the influence of a subtropical ridge to its north.[24][25] Steady intensification occurred on Rai while moving near the country, reaching high-end Category 1-equivalent typhoon intensity by 15:00 UTC. At this time, the JTWC only forecasted a landfall equivalent to a Category 2 storm.[26][27]

 
Typhoon Rai at its secondary peak intensity over the South China Sea on December 18

Rai unexpectedly underwent rapid intensification on December 15, from 120 to 280 km/h (75 to 175 mph) by December 16, while nearing landfall. At this time, a small 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) eye was seen along with strong convection. The storm began an eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) shortly after reaching peak intensity.[28] On December 16, the typhoon made landfall over Siargao Island in the province of Surigao del Norte around 1:30 PM local time (05:30 UTC)[29] and a second landfall over Dinagat Islands around 3:10 PM local time (07:10 UTC).[30] A third landfall occurred in Liloan, Southern Leyte at 3:40 PM local time (7:40 UTC). A fourth landfall occurred at Panaon Island, also at Liloan, at around 4:50 PM (8:50 UTC).[31] Padre Burgos, Southern Leyte was the fifth at 5:40 PM (09:40 UTC), followed nearly one-hour later at President Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol and approximately another hour at Bien Unido, still at Bohol. The eighth landfall occurred at Carcar, Cebu by 10:00 PM (14:00 UTC) and the ninth over La Libertad, Negros Oriental, two hours later.[32] The JMA estimated a minimum central pressure of 915 millibars (27.0 inHg) by 03:00 UTC, earlier that day, two hours before its landfall. The same situation slightly weakened the system into a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon by 09:00 UTC, and its intensity continued to degrade, six hours later while crossing Visayas.[33][34][35] As Rai entered Panay Gulf, its eye further weakened and its convective signature becoming disorganized as the JTWC further downgraded it to a Category 3 system six hours later. It continued to weaken while tracking towards the Sulu Sea by the next day at 03:00 UTC.[36][37] A new eye also struggled to form as the system was nearing landfall.[38] By 07:10 UTC (15:10 PHT), the system made another and last landfall over Roxas, Palawan as it continued to lose intensity.[39] It then entered the South China Sea with more organization but its intensity remaining the same.[40] Rai then started to slightly strengthen as it turned northwestward, away from the Philippine archipelago.[41][42] The system then left the PAR by 12:40 PHT (04:40 UTC).[43] For the first time since Typhoon Rammasun in 2014 and the third after Pamela of 1954 and the aforementioned storm, Rai unexpectedly attained Category 5-equivalent super typhoon status in the South China Sea, due to the favorable environment in that region, at 21:00 UTC on December 18, as it underwent a secondary period of rapid intensification, attaining maximum speeds of 270 km/h (165 mph).[44]

By 03:00 UTC the next day, Rai again weakened below Category 5-equivalent super typhoon intensity, while turning in a west-northwesterly direction. Its eye was cloud-filled by this time, with the storm rapidly weakening afterward.[45] The storm was still rapidly weakening as of 12:00 UTC on December 20, being forecasted to dissipate off the coast of Guangdong, China.[46] As forecasted, Rai dissipated a day later off the coast of Guangdong Province, China.

On March 23, 2022, as PAGASA issued their revised tropical cyclone scale, Rai (Odette) was considered as a super typhoon.[1]

Preparations edit

Federated States of Micronesia edit

Upon the system's intensification into a tropical depression, a typhoon watch was issued by the US National Weather Service in Tiyan, Guam, in Koror and Kayangel while a tropical storm warning was placed for Ngulu Atoll. The island of Yap was placed also under tropical storm watch.[47] This was further upgraded into a typhoon warning for Palau as Rai further intensifies.[48] The alerts for Ngulu and Yap were first canceled by 09:00 UTC of December 14 and six hours later, the typhoon warning were also canceled for Palau.[49][50]

Philippines edit

 
Typhoon Rai approaching the Philippines on December 15.

PAGASA began issuing Tropical Cyclone Advisories as early as December 12 given the forecasted track of the storm. In its first advisory, PAGASA forecasted the possibility of Signal #4 being raised over the Visayas and Mindanao regions, later lowered to Signal #3.[51][52] The PAGASA also forecasted winds of up to 155 km/h (96 mph) prior to landfall.[53] On December 14, storm signals were raised in Caraga and Eastern Visayas as the storm entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility.[54] Starting on the night of December 13, land travel on bound to Visayas, Mindanao, the province of Masbate and Catanduanes were canceled according to an approved request of the Office of the Civil Defense in the country. The Land Transportation Office also placed the same travel restrictions in Mindanao and Luzon as a precaution. All types of vessels are also prohibited to leave the country's ports if there are any storm signals raised. Fishermen living near coastal areas were also urged by the country's coast guard to leave their homes "as soon as possible". Other Philippine provinces like Bohol and Aklan were also prepared for possible work cancelations and evacuation premises in regards to the storm. Floating cottages in General Santos, as well as fishing boats were brought to shore and safety. The vaccination operations across the possible affected areas were earlier suspended by December 20–22.[55][56] Over 23,642 food packs for evacuees were also readied by the country's Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), over 18,665 non-edible items as well as over ₱752,250 (US$14,950) worth of standby funds.[57] The airline carrier Cebu Pacific also suspended three flights in the country.[58]

Over 12,000 individuals in barangays across Mindanao, Visayas, and further north into Southern Luzon were also urged by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) to immediately leave their homes. The whole of Bicol Region was also under red alert starting on December 14. The higher authorities there also warned its people of possible landslides and lahar flow from the Mayon Volcano. Cebu was also under a "state of preparedness" due to the storm. Furthermore, many individuals, of which the majority are going into the Bicol Region in the Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX) were also stranded due to ferry suspensions. Capiz already started voluntary evacuations at this time, first focused on people living in coastal areas.[59] Liloan, Cebu also initiated forced evacuations by the afternoon of December 15. Several flights into Visayas and Mindanao from Ninoy Aquino International Airport were also delayed, rescheduled, and/or canceled, mainly from the earlier Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines and Airasia. Some face-to-face classes in the affected areas were also halted. Many billboards in Bohol were also removed and the annual Binirayan festival in Antique was canceled due to Rai.[60] The city of Surigao was already soaked by the rains of Odette by the afternoon of December 15, including the whole of Eastern Visayas. Thousands of evacuees rushed into safety shelters in the area whereas in one case, they became full. Sandbags were also placed over some houses in Tacloban City in Leyte and many individuals rushed into a grocery store in Alangalang to stock up on essential supplies.[61]

Four hours after, Rai entered the PAR, PAGASA started to hoist Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal #1 for southeastern Eastern Samar and over the Surigao provinces, including the Dinagat Islands.[62][63] This was further extended into some provinces in the Central Visayas and further south of Mindanao, until Agusan del Sur.[64] Signal #2 were further placed for the Surigao provinces and further into some parts of Visayas as Odette further intensified into a typhoon, with Signal #1 spreading further into the remaining part of the region and Mimaropa and Southern Tagalog provinces.[65][66] The storm's further intensification led to PAGASA raising the Signal #3 warning in some portions of Caraga and as Rai underwent rapid intensification, into eastern Visayas before Signal #4 was raised in those areas.[67][68]

On December 15, militants of the New People's Army attacked troops evacuating residents in Surigao del Sur prior to the storm, killing three civilians.[69] On December 16, the PAGASA raised the signal in western Bohol, Dinagat Islands, and Surigao to Signal #4. 9,720 thousand were evacuated as Typhoon Rai made landfall.[70] Following Rai's impact, around 332,000 people have been evacuated from their homes in total as of December 17.[71]

Highest Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal edit

Vietnam edit

As Rai approached Vietnam after clearing the Philippines, officials held a meeting in which more than 243,254 houses across eight Vietnamese provinces were identified as "unsafe", while rice crops were harvested by farmers in preparation for the storm.[72][73] Vietnam Airlines' flight operations were also halted due to the typhoon, while marine equipment, particularly fishing boats, were moved onto shores as a precautionary measure.[74][75] Lý Sơn Island also prepared to evacuate over 7,800 individuals. Towing vessels were also readied in case of marine emergencies over the South China Sea. Medicine and food packs were also prepared while houses over the areas that are foreseen to be affected by Rai were secured.[76] 305,000 individuals were also readied to be evacuated from Quảng Bình to Bình Thuận. Heavy rainfall, strong winds and rough waves were also forecasted.[77]

Macau and Hong Kong edit

In Macau, the Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG) hoisted the typhoon warning signal number one in the early hours at 3AM on 20 December 2021 (MST).[78] In Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Observatory issued the number 1 tropical cyclone signal at 11:20AM (HKT) on 20 December 2021, as Typhoon Rai approached the territory. Rai is the first typhoon on record to neccistate the issuance of typhoon warning signal in the territory in mid-December, on 20 December 2021, and the second on record in December. The last time such a signal warning was issued in Hong Kong in December was in 1974 as a response to Typhoon Irma.[79][80][81][82][83][84] and was cancelled at 12:20PM HKT the following day.

Elsewhere edit

In China, Blue Typhoon warnings were issued in Hainan and Guangdong Provinces by the China Meteorological Administration.[85]

Impact edit

Philippines edit

 
TCWS or PSWS issued for Rai (Odette), in December 16
Costliest Philippine typhoons
Rank Storm Season Damage Ref.
PHP USD
1 Yolanda (Haiyan) 2013 ₱95.5 billion $2.2 billion [86]
2 Odette (Rai) 2021 ₱51.8 billion $1.02 billion [87]
3 Pablo (Bopha) 2012 ₱43.2 billion $1.06 billion [88]
4 Glenda (Rammasun) 2014 ₱38.6 billion $771 million [89]
5 Ompong (Mangkhut) 2018 ₱33.9 billion $627 million [90]
6 Pepeng (Parma) 2009 ₱27.3 billion $581 million [91]
7 Ulysses (Vamco) 2020 ₱20.2 billion $418 million [92]
8 Rolly (Goni) 2020 ₱20 billion $369 million [93]
9 Paeng (Nalgae) 2022 ₱17.6 billion $321 million [94]
10 Pedring (Nesat) 2011 ₱15.6 billion $356 million [88]

Rai caused severe and widespread damage throughout the Southern Philippines, killing at least 409.[95][96][97][98][99][100][101] As of February 7, 2022, the NDRRMC has reported ₱30.3 billion (US$571 million) of infrastructure damages, along with ₱22.3 billion (US$435 million) of agricultural damage and ₱63 million (US$1.2 million) worth of damages to houses, with a combined total of ₱51.8 billion (US$1.02 billion).[87]

Over 100,000 people were moved to higher ground as flooding occurred.[102] Strong winds and heavy rainfall also impacted Guiuan, Eastern Samar, with rough waves bashing the shores of the province, according to a news correspondent of 24 Oras.[103] The same situation was also felt across the entirety of Western Visayas.[104] As Rai impacted Liloan in Southern Leyte, an area there was described as "cut-off", indicating that there was no electricity or means of communications in the place. A GMA News reporter recalling his experience inside the storm reported that the building where his team was sustained considerable damage, comparing it to Typhoon Haiyan in terms of ferocity. Their vehicles also received damage from the storm. After the storm passed over the area, the whole municipality was reported to be isolated.[105][106] Many provinces in Mindanao also were severely affected by the typhoon. In Cagayan de Oro, despite rushing water, rescue teams continued to save many people in their houses from the floods. A house was heavily destroyed by Odette's strong winds in Agusan del Norte while a barge of unknown origins was left stranded by the storm's waves on a shore, still in the province.[107] Storm surge also impacted the coast boulevards of Surigao del Norte while Iligan's Mandulog River overflowed. The incident was a horror to many residents there, due to the same effect Tropical Storm Washi in 2011 brought. Further south, it also caused rough waves over Cateel.[108] The Cagayan de Oro River also overflowed, causing several homes to be near-completely inundated.[109] The first fatality from the storm was reported at Iloilo, where a woman was crushed to death in her house by a bamboo tree.[110]

 
Satellite animation of Typhoon Rai making landfall in General Luna, Surigao del Norte in the Philippines on December 16.

The first responders themselves are victims. So this is Typhoon Haiyan [Yolanda] again.[nb 4]

Bohol governor Arthur C. Yap, GMA News, December 17, 2021[111]

Surigao City was deprived of electricity and communications due to downed power lines while scores of trees left many roads impassable. Many buildings in the area were also devastated and the overall impact of Rai in the area were described as "widespread". Clean water supply became a problem in the city while almost all coastal houses were destroyed by the typhoon's storm surge. The main wet market of the area was also closed, still due to the effects of the system.[112][113] Authorities are verifying a possible second death due to Rai in the city and a third elsewhere in southern Mindanao. The mayor of Surigao City, Ernesto Matugas also estimated that 100% of the area was devastated due to Odette, also appealing for aid to the government.[114] Aid was also requested by the province of Bohol, where a chief of the area's Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (PDRRMO) described Rai as the "one of the worst ever for the province". Many areas in the island were severely inundated, including Loboc, among the worst hit. The whole province also lost power services.[115] The governor of the province, Arthur Yap estimated the damages at ₱5 billion ($100 million).[116] A terminal in Siargao Airport was also totally destroyed; the overall island was also wrecked according to the first district representative of Surigao del Norte, Francisco Jose Matugas II.[117] Southern Surigao confirmed a death, while two people died in Bukidnon.[118] Three individuals were killed due to various reasons across Negros Occidental. Numerous houses there were also destroyed by downed trees, with a triage of the Ignacio Locsin Arroyo Memorial District Hospital being wrecked. Some areas in Kabankalan were also inundated due to a river overflowing there.[119] The Philippine National Police (PNP) also listed two people to be unaccounted for from Western Visayas.[120]

Typhoon Rai's casualties in provinces of the Philippines
Provinces Deaths Ref.
Bohol 111 [95]
Cebu 96 [96]
Negros Oriental 74 [97]
Negros Occidental 45 [98]
Southern Leyte 28 [99]
Palawan 22 [100]
Surigao del Norte 18 [101]
Dinagat Islands 14 [121]
Leyte 1 [99]
Total 409

Further assessments of the NDRRMC reported at least 12 killed due to the typhoon across the affected areas, while seven people were missing. A briefing with the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte occurred on the night of December 17, where the agency noted that many provinces were also pleading for help, especially Cebu.[122] The governor of Surigao also observed that over 99 percent of individuals of Surigao were affected. Aerial operations were also conducted by the Philippine Coast Guard, where they saw the total devastation of the island. The area were also reported to have been isolated from any means of transportations except for air. The government there also estimated damages to be ₱20 billion ($401 million).[123] The Dinagat Islands were also wrecked due to Rai, with their governor Arlene Bag-ao also requesting aid from the government, and saying the islands was "levelled to the ground". 95 percent of houses were estimated to have lost their roofs, and emergency shelters were destroyed.[124][125][126] Almost all of Visayas have been left without electricity, according to the Department of Energy (DOE).[127] In Negros Occidental, the agricultural damage is estimated at ₱4.45 billion, and damage rose up to ₱5.41 billion from the Department of Agriculture and Department of Public Works and Highways.[128][129]

At least 332,000 people were evacuated from their homes. The storm affected areas that were still rebuilding from storms late last year.[130] At least 140,000 people were severely affected, with the United Nations estimating 13 million were affected in some way.[131][132] Military-released aerial photos showed General Luna was destroyed by the typhoon.[133] As the ravaged areas were examined, the death toll rose to 75, the majority of which were from Bohol. 12 were further reported by December 19, making the casualty toll at 87 as of that day.[134][135] A landslide also caused the deaths of five people and left six missing, out of 11, further raising the toll to 92.[136] The Associated Press, however indicated that over 112 were killed during the storm.[137] 78 marine vessels in Cebu also experienced sea mishaps, according to the PCG, while over 4,000 houses in Southern Leyte were destroyed due to the storm-induced storm surge.[138][139] In northern Palawan, where Rai made its last landfall before clearing the country, many houses were downed and trees obstructed several roadways. Many locations in the province, including the major city Puerto Princesa were left without electricity, water supply and communication signals.[140] 630,000 people were displaced, 438,000 were in 2,841 evacuation centers.[141] At least 41 areas were flooded, 227 municipalities experienced power outages, and 135 saw telecommunication issues. Three days after the storm, 9% were estimated to have their outages fixed, and 70% communication restored.[142] 139,000 houses were damaged, with 54,000 being totally damaged and 82,000 partially.[143]

On Pag-asa Island of the Spratly Islands, some residential houses, schools, and government facilities including the new coast guard station were severely damaged by the typhoon.[144][145]

 
Animated enhanced infrared satellite loop of Typhoon Rai from peak intensity to making landfall in the Philippines

Vietnam edit

Rai wreaked havoc across Vietnamese-held isles in the Spratly Islands. An observation tower in Southwest Cay recorded sustained winds up to 180 km/h (110 mph) and a gust of 200 km/h (120 mph) during the afternoon of December 18 before being knocked down. The storm destroyed 500 square meters (5,400 sq ft) of civilian house tiles, 27 solar batteries, 400 square meters (4,300 sq ft) of farmland, and knocked down 90% of the trees on the island; no casualties were reported there.[146][147] Rai began to batter the Central Vietnamese coast at night, with winds in several provinces averaging 65–90 km/h (40–56 mph). Heavy rainfall was unleashed on Thừa Thiên – Huế to Khánh Hòa, with reports showing an average of 100–200 mm (3.9–7.9 in) of rainfall; some places recorded up to 300 mm (12 in) of rain.[148] In Nghệ An province, two crew members of a fishing vessel were reported missing in the waters off Bạch Long Vĩ Island.[77]

On December 19, one person (fisherman) was reported dead in Tuy Phong, five ships were capsized and three others were damaged off the coast of Bình Thuận.[149] Rough storm waves damaged and destroyed 90 lobster herds on Bình Hưng Island, Cam Ranh, where losses is estimated to be more than 384 billion VND ($16 million).[150][151]

Aftermath edit

 
Surigao City is also toured by the Philippine Coast Guard, and heavy devastation was also seen.
 
Damage in Punta Engano, Lapu Lapu City. Visible damages to concrete structures, beached ships and downed electric lines.

Philippines edit

Social media coverage of the typhoon was much less than expected the day after Rai.[132] Possible effects from the newly emerged COVID-19 Omicron variant were feared to be worsened by the typhoon's effects.[152] The DSWD further elaborated that over ₱900 million ($18 million) worth of standby funds were already prepared for the people affected by Odette.[153] Food and water was sparse for those impacted by the storm.[154] The storage of COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine kits were also feared to be disrupted due to power outages.[127] While there were reports of vaccine wastage due to the typhoon, the Department of Health assured that the impact of the typhoon was minimal.[155] Immediately after the storm, presidential aspirants for the 2022 elections set up relief and recovery operations for the victims of the storm, particularly in Samar and Leyte provinces.[156][157] Major telecommunication networks in the country reported communication disruptions in Visayas and Mindanao but assured that their respective teams are trying to restore services.[158][159] Other local government units sent aid to the areas severely affected by the typhoon.[160][161][162]

On December 17, the provinces of Cebu and Bohol were placed into a state of calamity due to widespread damages.[163][164] Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte announced that he will tour Leyte, Surigao, Bohol and Cebu to check the situation there.[123][165] Recovery funds up to ₱2 billion ($40 million) were promised by the national government for the affected areas of the storm. Duterte started to tour Surigao City, Siargao, Maasin, and Dinagat Islands on December 18.[166][167] Aid teams were not able to enter into certain affected areas due to waterlogging, debris, and other obstacles.[168] Thousands of emergency personnel were deployed.[169] 2 people died of dehydration after Rai passed.[170] Catholic Bishops in the country declared Christmas Day and December 26 as national days of prayer and mourning for Rai's victims.[171] The government's promise for 35,000 food packs took longer than expected to arrive, and was found to not be enough for people affected. Days later in Bohol, power outages still ranged in the millions. The provinces governor, Arthur Yap, feared the situation could worsen due to a lack of a contingency fund, with supplies of necessities running dry. Looting as a potential problem also rose among affected populations.[172]

Lack of media coverage capacity edit

News coverage regarding the impacts of Rai was limited in the days after the typhoon struck, a fact partly attributed to the shutdown of the regional news stations of media network ABS-CBN,[173][174] which had earlier been denied a renewal of its congressional franchise.[175][176] With internet service knocked out and mobile phone networks brought down in the wake of the typhoon,[177] news from the typhoon-hit areas was very limited in the critical first days after the disaster.[132]

International response edit

After Rai hit the Philippines, the governments of Canada, China, the United Kingdom, European Union, South Korea, Singapore, Japan and the United Nations had so far announced their intention to assist the country.[178]

Apple CEO Tim Cook has pledged to commit itself to rebuilding communities in both Malaysia and the Philippines while also providing short term relief and recovery efforts.[187]

Retirement edit

See also: List of retired Pacific typhoon names

Due to the extensive damage and high death toll in Visayas and Mindanao, the PAGASA announced that Odette will be stricken from the rotating list of typhoon names, and will never again be used for another typhoon name within the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). On March 21, 2022, the PAGASA chose the name Opong as its replacement for the 2025 season.[188][189]

In early 2023, the Typhoon Committee announced that the name Rai, along with two others will be removed from the naming lists.[190] In the spring of 2024, the name was replaced with Sarbul which refers to tradewind in the Yapese language.[191]

Notes edit

  1. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[2]
  2. ^ A super typhoon is an unofficial category used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)[nb 1] for a typhoon with winds of at least 240 km/h (150 mph).[3]
  3. ^ Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10 minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1 minute winds.[10]
  4. ^ Filipino: "Yung first responders mismo, biktima kaming lahat. So this is Typhoon Haiyan [Yolanda] again."

See also edit

References edit

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External links edit

  • JMA General Information of Typhoon Rai (2122) from Digital Typhoon
  • JMA Best Track Data (Graphics) of Typhoon Rai (2122)
  • JMA Best Track Data (PDF) of Typhoon Rai (2122) (in Japanese)
  • JTWC Best Track Data of Super Typhoon 28W (Rai)
  • 28W.RAI from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
  • ReliefWeb's main page for this event.

April 09, 2024
typhoon, this, article, about, 2021, typhoon, other, storms, same, name, list, storms, named, list, storms, named, odette, known, philippines, super, typhoon, odette, deadly, extremely, destructive, super, typhoon, which, second, costliest, typhoon, philippine. This article is about the 2021 typhoon For other storms of the same name see List of storms named Rai and List of storms named Odette Typhoon Rai known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Odette 1 was a deadly and extremely destructive super typhoon which was the second costliest typhoon in Philippine history behind Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 Rai was a powerful rare tropical cyclone that struck the Philippines in December 2021 Rai became the first Category 5 equivalent super typhoon to develop in the month of December since Nock ten in 2016 and the third Category 5 super typhoon recorded in the South China Sea following Pamela in 1954 and Rammasun in 2014 Typhoon Rai Odette Rai at its initial peak intensity while approaching the Philippines on December 16Meteorological historyFormedDecember 11 2021DissipatedDecember 21 2021Violent typhoon10 minute sustained JMA Highest winds195 km h 120 mph Lowest pressure915 hPa mbar 27 02 inHgCategory 5 equivalent super typhoon1 minute sustained SSHWS JTWC Highest winds280 km h 175 mph Lowest pressure908 hPa mbar 26 81 inHgOverall effectsFatalities410 totalMissing80Damage 1 05 billion 2021 USD Second costliest in Philippine history Areas affectedCaroline IslandsIndonesia Talaud Islands Regency Philippines especially Mindanao Visayas and Mimaropa in Luzon Spratly IslandsVietnamSouthern ChinaHong KongMacauTaiwanIBTrACSPart of the 2021 Pacific typhoon seasonRai which named after an artifact called Rai stones the 22nd and final named tropical storm the ninth typhoon and the fifth super typhoon of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season the system originated from a tropical disturbance near the equator on December 10 forming near the site of another low pressure area that had dissipated on the previous day Conditions around the system were favorable for further development and it slowly developed into a tropical depression on December 12 On the same day the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert TCFA on the consolidating depression Further intensification ensued and Rai was upgraded to a tropical storm the next day before passing south of Ngulu Atoll After passing near Palau and impacting the island nation Rai entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility PAR by the night of December 14 where the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PAGASA named it Odette On the next day both the JMA and JTWC raised the system s intensity to a low end Category 1 equivalent typhoon as an eye continued to appear While approaching the Philippines Rai rapidly intensified into a Category 5 super typhoon nb 2 just before its first landfall across Siargao It then slowly but steadily weakened as it traversed the Visayas exiting into the Sulu Sea After making its last landfall over Palawan Rai continued to weaken before unexpectedly re intensifying into a Category 5 equivalent typhoon by December 18 while nearing Vietnam On the next day Rai entered yet another weakening phase dissipating on December 21 southeast of Hong Kong As Rai pounded the Philippines heavy rainfall and strong and gusty winds impacted several areas around the storm s path Many areas across the Visayas and Mindanao lost electricity with several provinces and areas being deprived further of communication services Downed trees obstructed many roadways and flooding was a major problem across the affected regions particularly Bohol where the storm was described as one of the worst for the province Rivers also overflowed across Cagayan de Oro while numerous buildings sustained damage Surigao City was reported to be completely damaged and appealed for aid Bohol also pleaded for help from the government due to the damages Rai brought to the area A state of calamity has been placed in the province and Cebu So far 410 people have died a large portion of which were from the severely affected island of Bohol Damages at the aforementioned location were projected to be worth 5 billion 100 million with those in Siargao being estimated to be worth 20 billion 401 million and those in Negros Occidental being estimated to be worth 5 9 billion 118 million Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations 2 1 Federated States of Micronesia 2 2 Philippines 2 2 1 Highest Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal 2 3 Vietnam 2 4 Macau and Hong Kong 2 5 Elsewhere 3 Impact 3 1 Philippines 3 2 Vietnam 4 Aftermath 4 1 Philippines 4 1 1 Lack of media coverage capacity 4 1 2 International response 5 Retirement 6 Notes 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksMeteorological history edit nbsp Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type nbsp Tropical cyclone nbsp Subtropical cyclone nbsp Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depressionAt 06 00 UTC on December 9 the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC started to monitor a low latitude area of convection in the Pacific Ocean at 4 36 N 142 24 E 4 6 N 142 4 E 4 6 142 4 located about 350 nautical miles 650 km 400 mi to Palau s east southeast A broad circulation was identified by the agency with flaring convection over it The circulation had a marginal environment with low to moderate wind shear fair outflow and warm sea surface temperatures 4 Despite its given environment however the disturbance failed to intensify and dissipated by 06 00 UTC the next day Another new area of low pressure formed on December 10 near the location of the previous disturbance Analysis on the system revealed a degraded and disorganized low level circulation center 5 6 Position fixes by 02 30 UTC on December 11 determined that its center had shifted to the north over a developing surface trough while convective bursts occurred around the system 7 An advanced scatterometer pass featured below gale force winds on its northwest quadrant 8 The Japan Meteorological Agency JMA the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean 9 first upgraded the system to a tropical depression with winds of 55 km h 35 mph nb 3 at 00 00 UTC the next day followed by the JTWC upgrading the storm s chances of developing to high and subsequently issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 11 12 13 By 03 00 UTC on December 13 the JTWC upgraded the system to a weak tropical depression highly based on Dvorak ratings of T1 5 14 Nine hours later the JMA classified the system as a tropical storm based on Dvorak ratings and named the storm Rai 15 It was not until 15 00 UTC that day when the JTWC upgraded Rai to a tropical storm as it began tracking northwestward 16 Three hours later Rai began to pass south of Ngulu State while continuing to intensify and organize 17 18 By December 14 in the early morning the system was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA 19 By 09 00 UTC the JTWC noted that the system s cloud tops became warm however it further organized while tracking towards the small island country of Palau 20 The storm entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility around 11 00 UTC 19 00 PHT and was named Odette by the PAGASA 21 22 Four hours later Rai began to exhibit an eye which was first seen on microwave images 23 The JMA further upgraded the system to a typhoon by the next day followed by the JTWC three hours later as Rai began to take a westward motion under the influence of a subtropical ridge to its north 24 25 Steady intensification occurred on Rai while moving near the country reaching high end Category 1 equivalent typhoon intensity by 15 00 UTC At this time the JTWC only forecasted a landfall equivalent to a Category 2 storm 26 27 nbsp Typhoon Rai at its secondary peak intensity over the South China Sea on December 18Rai unexpectedly underwent rapid intensification on December 15 from 120 to 280 km h 75 to 175 mph by December 16 while nearing landfall At this time a small 6 nautical miles 11 km 6 9 mi eye was seen along with strong convection The storm began an eyewall replacement cycle ERC shortly after reaching peak intensity 28 On December 16 the typhoon made landfall over Siargao Island in the province of Surigao del Norte around 1 30 PM local time 05 30 UTC 29 and a second landfall over Dinagat Islands around 3 10 PM local time 07 10 UTC 30 A third landfall occurred in Liloan Southern Leyte at 3 40 PM local time 7 40 UTC A fourth landfall occurred at Panaon Island also at Liloan at around 4 50 PM 8 50 UTC 31 Padre Burgos Southern Leyte was the fifth at 5 40 PM 09 40 UTC followed nearly one hour later at President Carlos P Garcia Bohol and approximately another hour at Bien Unido still at Bohol The eighth landfall occurred at Carcar Cebu by 10 00 PM 14 00 UTC and the ninth over La Libertad Negros Oriental two hours later 32 The JMA estimated a minimum central pressure of 915 millibars 27 0 inHg by 03 00 UTC earlier that day two hours before its landfall The same situation slightly weakened the system into a Category 4 equivalent super typhoon by 09 00 UTC and its intensity continued to degrade six hours later while crossing Visayas 33 34 35 As Rai entered Panay Gulf its eye further weakened and its convective signature becoming disorganized as the JTWC further downgraded it to a Category 3 system six hours later It continued to weaken while tracking towards the Sulu Sea by the next day at 03 00 UTC 36 37 A new eye also struggled to form as the system was nearing landfall 38 By 07 10 UTC 15 10 PHT the system made another and last landfall over Roxas Palawan as it continued to lose intensity 39 It then entered the South China Sea with more organization but its intensity remaining the same 40 Rai then started to slightly strengthen as it turned northwestward away from the Philippine archipelago 41 42 The system then left the PAR by 12 40 PHT 04 40 UTC 43 For the first time since Typhoon Rammasun in 2014 and the third after Pamela of 1954 and the aforementioned storm Rai unexpectedly attained Category 5 equivalent super typhoon status in the South China Sea due to the favorable environment in that region at 21 00 UTC on December 18 as it underwent a secondary period of rapid intensification attaining maximum speeds of 270 km h 165 mph 44 By 03 00 UTC the next day Rai again weakened below Category 5 equivalent super typhoon intensity while turning in a west northwesterly direction Its eye was cloud filled by this time with the storm rapidly weakening afterward 45 The storm was still rapidly weakening as of 12 00 UTC on December 20 being forecasted to dissipate off the coast of Guangdong China 46 As forecasted Rai dissipated a day later off the coast of Guangdong Province China On March 23 2022 as PAGASA issued their revised tropical cyclone scale Rai Odette was considered as a super typhoon 1 Preparations editFederated States of Micronesia edit Upon the system s intensification into a tropical depression a typhoon watch was issued by the US National Weather Service in Tiyan Guam in Koror and Kayangel while a tropical storm warning was placed for Ngulu Atoll The island of Yap was placed also under tropical storm watch 47 This was further upgraded into a typhoon warning for Palau as Rai further intensifies 48 The alerts for Ngulu and Yap were first canceled by 09 00 UTC of December 14 and six hours later the typhoon warning were also canceled for Palau 49 50 Philippines edit nbsp Typhoon Rai approaching the Philippines on December 15 PAGASA began issuing Tropical Cyclone Advisories as early as December 12 given the forecasted track of the storm In its first advisory PAGASA forecasted the possibility of Signal 4 being raised over the Visayas and Mindanao regions later lowered to Signal 3 51 52 The PAGASA also forecasted winds of up to 155 km h 96 mph prior to landfall 53 On December 14 storm signals were raised in Caraga and Eastern Visayas as the storm entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility 54 Starting on the night of December 13 land travel on bound to Visayas Mindanao the province of Masbate and Catanduanes were canceled according to an approved request of the Office of the Civil Defense in the country The Land Transportation Office also placed the same travel restrictions in Mindanao and Luzon as a precaution All types of vessels are also prohibited to leave the country s ports if there are any storm signals raised Fishermen living near coastal areas were also urged by the country s coast guard to leave their homes as soon as possible Other Philippine provinces like Bohol and Aklan were also prepared for possible work cancelations and evacuation premises in regards to the storm Floating cottages in General Santos as well as fishing boats were brought to shore and safety The vaccination operations across the possible affected areas were earlier suspended by December 20 22 55 56 Over 23 642 food packs for evacuees were also readied by the country s Department of Social Welfare and Development DSWD over 18 665 non edible items as well as over 752 250 US 14 950 worth of standby funds 57 The airline carrier Cebu Pacific also suspended three flights in the country 58 Over 12 000 individuals in barangays across Mindanao Visayas and further north into Southern Luzon were also urged by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council NDRRMC to immediately leave their homes The whole of Bicol Region was also under red alert starting on December 14 The higher authorities there also warned its people of possible landslides and lahar flow from the Mayon Volcano Cebu was also under a state of preparedness due to the storm Furthermore many individuals of which the majority are going into the Bicol Region in the Paranaque Integrated Terminal Exchange PITX were also stranded due to ferry suspensions Capiz already started voluntary evacuations at this time first focused on people living in coastal areas 59 Liloan Cebu also initiated forced evacuations by the afternoon of December 15 Several flights into Visayas and Mindanao from Ninoy Aquino International Airport were also delayed rescheduled and or canceled mainly from the earlier Cebu Pacific Philippine Airlines and Airasia Some face to face classes in the affected areas were also halted Many billboards in Bohol were also removed and the annual Binirayan festival in Antique was canceled due to Rai 60 The city of Surigao was already soaked by the rains of Odette by the afternoon of December 15 including the whole of Eastern Visayas Thousands of evacuees rushed into safety shelters in the area whereas in one case they became full Sandbags were also placed over some houses in Tacloban City in Leyte and many individuals rushed into a grocery store in Alangalang to stock up on essential supplies 61 Four hours after Rai entered the PAR PAGASA started to hoist Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal 1 for southeastern Eastern Samar and over the Surigao provinces including the Dinagat Islands 62 63 This was further extended into some provinces in the Central Visayas and further south of Mindanao until Agusan del Sur 64 Signal 2 were further placed for the Surigao provinces and further into some parts of Visayas as Odette further intensified into a typhoon with Signal 1 spreading further into the remaining part of the region and Mimaropa and Southern Tagalog provinces 65 66 The storm s further intensification led to PAGASA raising the Signal 3 warning in some portions of Caraga and as Rai underwent rapid intensification into eastern Visayas before Signal 4 was raised in those areas 67 68 On December 15 militants of the New People s Army attacked troops evacuating residents in Surigao del Sur prior to the storm killing three civilians 69 On December 16 the PAGASA raised the signal in western Bohol Dinagat Islands and Surigao to Signal 4 9 720 thousand were evacuated as Typhoon Rai made landfall 70 Following Rai s impact around 332 000 people have been evacuated from their homes in total as of December 17 71 Highest Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal edit PSWS LUZON VISAYAS MINDANAOTCWS 4 None Bohol Cebu Siquijor Negros Oriental Southern Leyte Bucas Islands Dinagat Islands Grande Islands Siargao Islands Surigao del NorteTCWS 3 Northern Palawan Antique Capiz Guimaras Iloilo Leyte Negros Occidental Cagayan de Oro Misamis OrientalTCWS 2 Mindoro Puerto Princesa Romblon Masbate Sorsogon Aklan Biliran Samar Agusan del Norte Agusan del Sur Bukidnon Misamis Occidental Surigao del SurTCWS 1 Albay Batangas Camarines Sur Marinduque Northern Samar Eastern Samar Zamboanga del NorteVietnam edit As Rai approached Vietnam after clearing the Philippines officials held a meeting in which more than 243 254 houses across eight Vietnamese provinces were identified as unsafe while rice crops were harvested by farmers in preparation for the storm 72 73 Vietnam Airlines flight operations were also halted due to the typhoon while marine equipment particularly fishing boats were moved onto shores as a precautionary measure 74 75 Ly Sơn Island also prepared to evacuate over 7 800 individuals Towing vessels were also readied in case of marine emergencies over the South China Sea Medicine and food packs were also prepared while houses over the areas that are foreseen to be affected by Rai were secured 76 305 000 individuals were also readied to be evacuated from Quảng Binh to Binh Thuận Heavy rainfall strong winds and rough waves were also forecasted 77 Macau and Hong Kong edit In Macau the Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau SMG hoisted the typhoon warning signal number one in the early hours at 3AM on 20 December 2021 MST 78 In Hong Kong the Hong Kong Observatory issued the number 1 tropical cyclone signal at 11 20AM HKT on 20 December 2021 as Typhoon Rai approached the territory Rai is the first typhoon on record to neccistate the issuance of typhoon warning signal in the territory in mid December on 20 December 2021 and the second on record in December The last time such a signal warning was issued in Hong Kong in December was in 1974 as a response to Typhoon Irma 79 80 81 82 83 84 and was cancelled at 12 20PM HKT the following day Elsewhere edit In China Blue Typhoon warnings were issued in Hainan and Guangdong Provinces by the China Meteorological Administration 85 Impact editPhilippines edit nbsp TCWS or PSWS issued for Rai Odette in December 16Costliest Philippine typhoons Rank Storm Season Damage Ref PHP USD1 Yolanda Haiyan 2013 95 5 billion 2 2 billion 86 2 Odette Rai 2021 51 8 billion 1 02 billion 87 3 Pablo Bopha 2012 43 2 billion 1 06 billion 88 4 Glenda Rammasun 2014 38 6 billion 771 million 89 5 Ompong Mangkhut 2018 33 9 billion 627 million 90 6 Pepeng Parma 2009 27 3 billion 581 million 91 7 Ulysses Vamco 2020 20 2 billion 418 million 92 8 Rolly Goni 2020 20 billion 369 million 93 9 Paeng Nalgae 2022 17 6 billion 321 million 94 10 Pedring Nesat 2011 15 6 billion 356 million 88 Rai caused severe and widespread damage throughout the Southern Philippines killing at least 409 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 As of February 7 2022 the NDRRMC has reported 30 3 billion US 571 million of infrastructure damages along with 22 3 billion US 435 million of agricultural damage and 63 million US 1 2 million worth of damages to houses with a combined total of 51 8 billion US 1 02 billion 87 Over 100 000 people were moved to higher ground as flooding occurred 102 Strong winds and heavy rainfall also impacted Guiuan Eastern Samar with rough waves bashing the shores of the province according to a news correspondent of 24 Oras 103 The same situation was also felt across the entirety of Western Visayas 104 As Rai impacted Liloan in Southern Leyte an area there was described as cut off indicating that there was no electricity or means of communications in the place A GMA News reporter recalling his experience inside the storm reported that the building where his team was sustained considerable damage comparing it to Typhoon Haiyan in terms of ferocity Their vehicles also received damage from the storm After the storm passed over the area the whole municipality was reported to be isolated 105 106 Many provinces in Mindanao also were severely affected by the typhoon In Cagayan de Oro despite rushing water rescue teams continued to save many people in their houses from the floods A house was heavily destroyed by Odette s strong winds in Agusan del Norte while a barge of unknown origins was left stranded by the storm s waves on a shore still in the province 107 Storm surge also impacted the coast boulevards of Surigao del Norte while Iligan s Mandulog River overflowed The incident was a horror to many residents there due to the same effect Tropical Storm Washi in 2011 brought Further south it also caused rough waves over Cateel 108 The Cagayan de Oro River also overflowed causing several homes to be near completely inundated 109 The first fatality from the storm was reported at Iloilo where a woman was crushed to death in her house by a bamboo tree 110 nbsp Satellite animation of Typhoon Rai making landfall in General Luna Surigao del Norte in the Philippines on December 16 The first responders themselves are victims So this is Typhoon Haiyan Yolanda again nb 4 Bohol governor Arthur C Yap GMA News December 17 2021 111 Surigao City was deprived of electricity and communications due to downed power lines while scores of trees left many roads impassable Many buildings in the area were also devastated and the overall impact of Rai in the area were described as widespread Clean water supply became a problem in the city while almost all coastal houses were destroyed by the typhoon s storm surge The main wet market of the area was also closed still due to the effects of the system 112 113 Authorities are verifying a possible second death due to Rai in the city and a third elsewhere in southern Mindanao The mayor of Surigao City Ernesto Matugas also estimated that 100 of the area was devastated due to Odette also appealing for aid to the government 114 Aid was also requested by the province of Bohol where a chief of the area s Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office PDRRMO described Rai as the one of the worst ever for the province Many areas in the island were severely inundated including Loboc among the worst hit The whole province also lost power services 115 The governor of the province Arthur Yap estimated the damages at 5 billion 100 million 116 A terminal in Siargao Airport was also totally destroyed the overall island was also wrecked according to the first district representative of Surigao del Norte Francisco Jose Matugas II 117 Southern Surigao confirmed a death while two people died in Bukidnon 118 Three individuals were killed due to various reasons across Negros Occidental Numerous houses there were also destroyed by downed trees with a triage of the Ignacio Locsin Arroyo Memorial District Hospital being wrecked Some areas in Kabankalan were also inundated due to a river overflowing there 119 The Philippine National Police PNP also listed two people to be unaccounted for from Western Visayas 120 Typhoon Rai s casualties in provinces of the Philippines Provinces Deaths Ref Bohol 111 95 Cebu 96 96 Negros Oriental 74 97 Negros Occidental 45 98 Southern Leyte 28 99 Palawan 22 100 Surigao del Norte 18 101 Dinagat Islands 14 121 Leyte 1 99 Total 409Further assessments of the NDRRMC reported at least 12 killed due to the typhoon across the affected areas while seven people were missing A briefing with the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte occurred on the night of December 17 where the agency noted that many provinces were also pleading for help especially Cebu 122 The governor of Surigao also observed that over 99 percent of individuals of Surigao were affected Aerial operations were also conducted by the Philippine Coast Guard where they saw the total devastation of the island The area were also reported to have been isolated from any means of transportations except for air The government there also estimated damages to be 20 billion 401 million 123 The Dinagat Islands were also wrecked due to Rai with their governor Arlene Bag ao also requesting aid from the government and saying the islands was levelled to the ground 95 percent of houses were estimated to have lost their roofs and emergency shelters were destroyed 124 125 126 Almost all of Visayas have been left without electricity according to the Department of Energy DOE 127 In Negros Occidental the agricultural damage is estimated at 4 45 billion and damage rose up to 5 41 billion from the Department of Agriculture and Department of Public Works and Highways 128 129 At least 332 000 people were evacuated from their homes The storm affected areas that were still rebuilding from storms late last year 130 At least 140 000 people were severely affected with the United Nations estimating 13 million were affected in some way 131 132 Military released aerial photos showed General Luna was destroyed by the typhoon 133 As the ravaged areas were examined the death toll rose to 75 the majority of which were from Bohol 12 were further reported by December 19 making the casualty toll at 87 as of that day 134 135 A landslide also caused the deaths of five people and left six missing out of 11 further raising the toll to 92 136 The Associated Press however indicated that over 112 were killed during the storm 137 78 marine vessels in Cebu also experienced sea mishaps according to the PCG while over 4 000 houses in Southern Leyte were destroyed due to the storm induced storm surge 138 139 In northern Palawan where Rai made its last landfall before clearing the country many houses were downed and trees obstructed several roadways Many locations in the province including the major city Puerto Princesa were left without electricity water supply and communication signals 140 630 000 people were displaced 438 000 were in 2 841 evacuation centers 141 At least 41 areas were flooded 227 municipalities experienced power outages and 135 saw telecommunication issues Three days after the storm 9 were estimated to have their outages fixed and 70 communication restored 142 139 000 houses were damaged with 54 000 being totally damaged and 82 000 partially 143 On Pag asa Island of the Spratly Islands some residential houses schools and government facilities including the new coast guard station were severely damaged by the typhoon 144 145 nbsp Animated enhanced infrared satellite loop of Typhoon Rai from peak intensity to making landfall in the PhilippinesVietnam edit Rai wreaked havoc across Vietnamese held isles in the Spratly Islands An observation tower in Southwest Cay recorded sustained winds up to 180 km h 110 mph and a gust of 200 km h 120 mph during the afternoon of December 18 before being knocked down The storm destroyed 500 square meters 5 400 sq ft of civilian house tiles 27 solar batteries 400 square meters 4 300 sq ft of farmland and knocked down 90 of the trees on the island no casualties were reported there 146 147 Rai began to batter the Central Vietnamese coast at night with winds in several provinces averaging 65 90 km h 40 56 mph Heavy rainfall was unleashed on Thừa Thien Huế to Khanh Hoa with reports showing an average of 100 200 mm 3 9 7 9 in of rainfall some places recorded up to 300 mm 12 in of rain 148 In Nghệ An province two crew members of a fishing vessel were reported missing in the waters off Bạch Long Vĩ Island 77 On December 19 one person fisherman was reported dead in Tuy Phong five ships were capsized and three others were damaged off the coast of Binh Thuận 149 Rough storm waves damaged and destroyed 90 lobster herds on Binh Hưng Island Cam Ranh where losses is estimated to be more than 384 billion VND 16 million 150 151 Aftermath edit nbsp Surigao City is also toured by the Philippine Coast Guard and heavy devastation was also seen nbsp Damage in Punta Engano Lapu Lapu City Visible damages to concrete structures beached ships and downed electric lines Philippines edit Social media coverage of the typhoon was much less than expected the day after Rai 132 Possible effects from the newly emerged COVID 19 Omicron variant were feared to be worsened by the typhoon s effects 152 The DSWD further elaborated that over 900 million 18 million worth of standby funds were already prepared for the people affected by Odette 153 Food and water was sparse for those impacted by the storm 154 The storage of COVID 19 vaccines and vaccine kits were also feared to be disrupted due to power outages 127 While there were reports of vaccine wastage due to the typhoon the Department of Health assured that the impact of the typhoon was minimal 155 Immediately after the storm presidential aspirants for the 2022 elections set up relief and recovery operations for the victims of the storm particularly in Samar and Leyte provinces 156 157 Major telecommunication networks in the country reported communication disruptions in Visayas and Mindanao but assured that their respective teams are trying to restore services 158 159 Other local government units sent aid to the areas severely affected by the typhoon 160 161 162 On December 17 the provinces of Cebu and Bohol were placed into a state of calamity due to widespread damages 163 164 Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte announced that he will tour Leyte Surigao Bohol and Cebu to check the situation there 123 165 Recovery funds up to 2 billion 40 million were promised by the national government for the affected areas of the storm Duterte started to tour Surigao City Siargao Maasin and Dinagat Islands on December 18 166 167 Aid teams were not able to enter into certain affected areas due to waterlogging debris and other obstacles 168 Thousands of emergency personnel were deployed 169 2 people died of dehydration after Rai passed 170 Catholic Bishops in the country declared Christmas Day and December 26 as national days of prayer and mourning for Rai s victims 171 The government s promise for 35 000 food packs took longer than expected to arrive and was found to not be enough for people affected Days later in Bohol power outages still ranged in the millions The provinces governor Arthur Yap feared the situation could worsen due to a lack of a contingency fund with supplies of necessities running dry Looting as a potential problem also rose among affected populations 172 Lack of media coverage capacity edit News coverage regarding the impacts of Rai was limited in the days after the typhoon struck a fact partly attributed to the shutdown of the regional news stations of media network ABS CBN 173 174 which had earlier been denied a renewal of its congressional franchise 175 176 With internet service knocked out and mobile phone networks brought down in the wake of the typhoon 177 news from the typhoon hit areas was very limited in the critical first days after the disaster 132 International response edit After Rai hit the Philippines the governments of Canada China the United Kingdom European Union South Korea Singapore Japan and the United Nations had so far announced their intention to assist the country 178 nbsp United States Provided 20 000 food rations to affected areas 19 trucks for relief operations and logistics assistance 179 nbsp China Sent 20 000 food packs worth 8 million US 162 436 55 and 4 725 million kilograms of rice to typhoon stricken areas in the country 180 nbsp European Union Provided an initial 1 7 million 96 million for the victims of Typhoon Rai 181 nbsp South Korea Provided 2 000 000 in immediate funds to support people affected 182 nbsp Singapore Provided US 50 000 via the Singapore Red Cross Society with the Singaporean government contributing another US 60 000 which also went towards relief efforts on the floods in Malaysia 183 184 nbsp Japan Provided emergency assistance packs consisting of generators sleeping mattresses and pads and dome tents via the Japan International Cooperation Agency 185 nbsp United Nations Provided core relief products including solar lamps hygiene kits and mosquito nets to the severely impacted islands via the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 186 Apple CEO Tim Cook has pledged to commit itself to rebuilding communities in both Malaysia and the Philippines while also providing short term relief and recovery efforts 187 Retirement editSee also List of retired Pacific typhoon names Due to the extensive damage and high death toll in Visayas and Mindanao the PAGASA announced that Odette will be stricken from the rotating list of typhoon names and will never again be used for another typhoon name within the Philippine Area of Responsibility PAR On March 21 2022 the PAGASA chose the name Opong as its replacement for the 2025 season 188 189 In early 2023 the Typhoon Committee announced that the name Rai along with two others will be removed from the naming lists 190 In the spring of 2024 the name was replaced with Sarbul which refers to tradewind in the Yapese language 191 Notes edit The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions 2 A super typhoon is an unofficial category used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC nb 1 for a typhoon with winds of at least 240 km h 150 mph 3 Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes while estimates from the United States based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute 10 minute winds are about 1 14 times the amount of 1 minute winds 10 Filipino Yung first responders mismo biktima kaming lahat So this is Typhoon Haiyan Yolanda again See also edit nbsp Tropical cyclones portal nbsp Philippines portalWeather of 2021 Tropical cyclones in 2021 List of super typhoons Typhoon Louise Ining 1964 took a similar path and also attained Category 5 intensity at a low latitude like Rai Typhoon Nelson Bising 1982 another destructive typhoon that took a similar path Typhoon Ike Nitang 1984 deadliest typhoon to hit the Caraga region Typhoon Mike Ruping 1990 another Category 5 equivalent typhoon that took an identical track in November 1990 Typhoon Utor Seniang 2006 Also had a similar path with a second peak in the South China Sea Tropical Storm Washi Sendong 2011 a very deadly tropical storm that took a similar path which cause devastating flashfloods in Mindanao Typhoon Bopha Pablo 2012 strongest typhoon to hit Mindanao which took a similar path and attained Category 5 intensity at a low latitude like Rai Typhoon Haiyan Yolanda 2013 deadliest typhoon to strike the Philippines in modern history and affected the same areas as Rai Typhoon Rammasun Glenda 2014 violent typhoon that also strengthen into Category 5 typhoon in the South China Sea after ravaged over Luzon Tropical Storm Megi Agaton 2022 a weak but deadly tropical storm that impacted the same areas 4 months laterReferences edit a b PAGASA redefines super typhoon revises wind signals ABS CBN News March 23 2022 Retrieved March 28 2022 Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement Joint Typhoon Warning Center 2011 Archived from the original on July 26 2007 Retrieved July 25 2012 Frequently Asked Questions Report Joint Typhoon Warning Center August 13 2012 Archived from the original on October 4 2013 Retrieved September 22 2012 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 090600Z 100600Z December 2021 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 9 2021 Archived from the original on April 25 2021 Retrieved December 12 2021 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued 092200Z 100600Z December 2021 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 9 2021 Archived from the original on April 25 2021 Retrieved December 12 2021 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 100600Z 110600Z December 2021 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 10 2021 Archived from the original on April 25 2021 Retrieved December 12 2021 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued 110230Z 110600Z December 2021 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 11 2021 Archived from the original on April 25 2021 Retrieved December 12 2021 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 110600Z 120600Z December 2021 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 11 2021 Archived from the original on April 25 2021 Retrieved December 12 2021 Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo Typhoon Center 2000 PDF Japan Meteorological Agency February 2001 p 3 Archived PDF from the original on October 31 2015 Retrieved March 26 2014 Christopher W Landsea Hurricane Research Division April 26 2004 Subject D4 What does maximum sustained wind mean How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones Frequently Asked Questions National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Archived from the original on May 6 2009 Retrieved April 10 2014 WWJP25 RJTD 120000 Tokyo Japan Japan Meteorological Agency December 12 2021 Archived from the original on December 12 2021 Retrieved December 12 2021 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued 120330Z 120600Z December 2021 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 12 2021 Archived from the original on April 25 2021 Retrieved December 12 2021 Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert Invest 96W Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 12 2021 Archived from the original on July 3 2021 Retrieved December 12 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 28W Twentyeight Warning NR 001 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 13 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 13 2021 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning No 7 for TS 2122 Rai 2122 Report Japan Meteorological Agency December 13 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 14 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 28W Rai Warning NR 003 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 13 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 14 2021 Tropical Storm Rai 28W Intermediate Advisory Number 3A forecast weather gov National Weather Service Tiyan Archived from the original on December 14 2021 Retrieved December 13 2021 Tropical Storm Rai 28W Intermediate Advisory Number 4 forecast weather gov National Weather Service Tiyan Archived from the original on December 14 2021 Retrieved December 13 2021 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning No 9 for STS 2122 Rai 2122 Report Japan Meteorological Agency December 14 2021 Archived from the original on December 14 2021 Retrieved December 14 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 28W Rai Warning NR 006 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 14 2021 Archived from the original on December 14 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 PAGASA DOST dost pagasa December 14 2021 At 7 00 PM today Severe Tropical Storm RAI entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility and was assigned the domestic name OdettePH Tweet via Twitter Tropical Cyclone Bulletin 1 for Severe Tropical Storm Odette Rai PDF PAGASA December 14 2021 Archived from the original PDF on December 14 2021 Retrieved December 14 2021 Alt URL Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 28W Rai Warning NR 007 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 14 2021 Archived from the original on December 14 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning No 13 for TY 2122 Rai 2122 Report Japan Meteorological Agency December 14 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 14 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 009 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 010 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 011 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 013 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 Mangosing Frances December 16 2021 Typhoon Odette makes landfall in Siargao says Pagasa INQUIRER net Archived from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 ABS CBN News December 16 2021 Odette makes 2nd landfall over Dinagat Islands ABS CBN News Archived from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 Typhoon Odette maintains strength makes 2nd 3rd landfall Manila Bulletin December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Typhoon Odette over Panay Gulf after 8th landfall in Negros Oriental Rappler December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 WTPQ50 RJTD 160300 Report Japan Meteorological Agency December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 014 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 015 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 015 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 017 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 018 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 Typhoon Odette makes 9th landfall over Palawan ABS CBN News December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 019 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 020 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 021 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 After leaving trail of destruction Typhoon Odette exits PAR Rappler December 18 2021 Archived from the original on December 18 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 024 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 18 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W Rai Warning NR 025 Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 South China Sea Tropical Depression Rai tracking northeastward in the South China Sea Dec 20 update 14 Report Crisis24 December 20 2021 Retrieved January 27 2022 Tropical Depression 28W Advisory Number 1 forecast weather gov National Weather Service Tiyan Archived from the original on December 13 2021 Retrieved December 13 2021 Tropical Storm Rai 28W Advisory Number 4 forecast weather gov National Weather Service Tiyan Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Tropical Storm Rai 28W Advisory Number 6 forecast weather gov National Weather Service Tiyan Archived from the original on June 22 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Tropical Storm Rai 28W Advisory Number 7 forecast weather gov National Weather Service Tiyan Archived from the original on June 28 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Tropical Cyclone Advisory 1 for Tropical Depression PDF PAGASA December 12 2021 Retrieved December 12 2021 Alt URL Tropical Cyclone Advisory 2 for Tropical Depression PDF PAGASA December 12 2021 Retrieved December 12 2021 Alt URL Tropical Cyclone Advisory 5 for Tropical Storm Rai PDF PAGASA December 13 2021 Archived from the original PDF on September 28 2021 Retrieved December 13 2021 Alt URL Tropical Cyclone Bulletin 1 for Severe Tropical Storm Odette Rai PDF PAGASA December 14 2021 Archived from the original PDF on December 14 2021 Retrieved December 14 2021 Alt URL PCG Hindi na papayagang bumiyahe ang lahat ng klase ng barko kapag may storm signal na PCG All types of ships will no longer be allowed to sail when there is a storm signal GMA News in Tagalog December 14 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Iba t ibang lugar naghahanda na sa Bagyong Odette na nasa PAR na Various places are already preparing for Typhoon Odette which is already in PAR GMA News in Tagalog December 13 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 14 2021 DSWD prepares relief goods in Central Eastern Visayas ahead of Odette landfall GMA News December 14 2021 Archived from the original on December 14 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Cebu Pacific cancels flights due to tropical storm GMA News December 14 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 10 000 brgys sa Mindanao Visayas at Southern Luzon pinaghahandang palikasin ng NDRRMC 10 000 brgys in Mindanao Visayas and Southern Luzon the NDRRMC is preparing to mobilize GMA News in Tagalog December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Ilang LGU naghanda na rin para sa posibleng pananalasa ng Bagyong Odette Some LGUs have also prepared for the possible onslaught of Typhoon Odette GMA News in Tagalog December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 Paglilikas sinimulan na ilang biyahe suspendido dahil sa Bagyong Odette Evacuations have already begun some trips suspended due to Hurricane Odette ABS CBN News in Tagalog December 14 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 PAGASA Severe Tropical Storm Odette enters PAR GMA News December 14 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Signal No 1 raised over parts of Eastern Samar Surigao provinces due to Odette GMA News December 14 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Odette slightly intensifies Signal No 1 raised over 15 provinces GMA News December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 14 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 Odette now a typhoon Signal No 2 raised Rappler December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 Typhoon Odette strengthens further over Philippine Sea RAPPLER December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 Parts of Caraga under Signal No 3 due to Typhoon Odette Rappler December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 15 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 Signal No 4 now possible as Typhoon Odette rapidly intensifies further Rappler December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 NPA attack disrupts Surigao del Sur typhoon evacuation leaves 3 dead Governor ABS CBN News December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 Thousands flee homes across Mindanao as Typhoon Odette unleashes fury RAPPLER December 16 2021 Retrieved November 12 2022 Jorgio Jessie Yeung Jinky December 16 2021 Super Typhoon Rai slams into the Philippines as rescue operations get underway CNN Retrieved November 12 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Bao RAI rất mạnh Nam bộ co hơn 243 000 nha khong an toan Storm RAI is very strong the South has more than 243 000 unsafe houses Sai Gon Giải Phong in Vietnamese December 15 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Bao RAI bao số 9 bất thường con 60 tau trong vung nguy hiểm Storm RAI typhoon No 9 is unusual 60 ships in danger zone Sai Gon Giải Phong in Vietnamese December 18 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Hủy hang loạt chuyến bay đến miền Trung Sai Gon Giải Phong in Vietnamese December 18 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Lang chai ganh thuyền thung chạy bao Sai Gon Giải Phong in Vietnamese December 18 2021 Archived from the original on December 18 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Bao số 9 ap sat Nam va Trung Trung bộ Sẵn sang sơ tan người dan đến nơi an toan Sai Gon Giải Phong in Vietnamese December 18 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 a b Khẩn trương tim 2 người bị nga xuống biển Urgently find 2 people who fell into the sea Bao Sai Gon Giải Phong in Vietnamese December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Moura Nelson December 20 2021 Typhoon Signal 1 hoisted for Rai macaubusiness com Archived from the original on December 20 2021 Retrieved December 20 2021 Observatory to consider typhoon signal tomorrow RTHK Signal No 1 issued as storm moves closer to Hong Kong RTHK Press Weather No 156 Tropical Cyclone Warning Bulletin Signal No 1 Hong Kong Observatory to weigh first December typhoon warning since 1974 December 19 2021 HK keeps eye on storm as Rai hammers Philippines Yeo Rachel Pak hei Leung December 20 2021 Hong Kong Observatory weighs No 3 typhoon signal as Tropical Storm Rai nears South China Morning Post Archived from the original on December 20 2021 Retrieved December 20 2021 South China Sea Typhoon Rai tracking northward in the South China Sea close approach to Hainan Province China Dec 20 update 13 garda com December 20 2021 Archived from the original on December 22 2021 Retrieved December 20 2021 del Rosario Eduardo D April 2014 FINAL REPORT Effects of Typhoon YOLANDA HAIYAN PDF Report NDRRMC Retrieved March 14 2015 a b SitRep No 44 for Typhoon ODETTE 2021 PDF Report NDRRMC February 7 2022 Retrieved February 15 2022 a b Uy Leo Jaymar G Pilar Lourdes O February 8 2018 Natural disaster damage at P374B in 2006 2015 Business World Retrieved February 8 2018 via PressReader Ramos Benito T September 16 2014 FINAL REPORT re Effects of Typhoon PDF Report NDRRMC Retrieved September 17 2014 Jalad Ricardo B October 5 2018 Situational Report No 55 re Preparedness Measures for TY OMPONG I N MANGKHUT PDF Technical report NDRRMC Retrieved October 7 2018 Rabonza Glenn J October 20 2009 FINAL Report on Tropical Storm ONDOY KETSANA and Typhoon PEPENG PDF Report NDRRMC Retrieved October 23 2010 Jalad Ricardo B January 13 2021 SitRep no 29 re Preparedness Measures and Effects for TY ULYSSES PDF ndrrmc gov ph Report Retrieved January 15 2021 Jalad Ricardo B November 10 2020 SitRep No 11 re Preparedness Measures for Super Typhoon Rolly PDF NDRRMC Retrieved November 10 2020 Jalad Ricardo B July 29 2023 SitRep No 11 re Preparedness Measures for Severe Tropical Storm Paeng NDRRMC a b Yap Arthur January 4 2022 Updates on Casualties as of January 4 2022 12 noon BarugBohol Archived from the original on January 4 2022 Retrieved January 4 2022 via Facebook a b Erram Morexette Marie December 23 2021 OdettePH Fatalities in Cebu reaches 96 Cebu Daily News Archived from the original on December 23 2021 Retrieved December 23 2021 a b Gomez Carla December 22 2021 Negros Island typhoon deaths 114 Occidental sets P50M to aid victims ABS CBN News Archived from the original on December 22 2021 Retrieved December 23 2021 a b Carla P Gomez carlapgomezINQ December 24 2021 Typhoon Odette death toll in Negros Occidental rises to 45 inquirerdotnet inquirervisayas Tweet Archived from the original on January 1 2022 Retrieved January 1 2022 via Twitter a b c Recuerdo Elmer December 29 2021 Odette Leyte death toll at 29 Daily Tribune Archived from the original on December 29 2021 Retrieved December 29 2021 a b Palawan after Odette 22 dead and counting Inquirer December 22 2021 Archived from the original on December 22 2021 Retrieved December 22 2021 a b 18 deaths reported in Surigao del Norte due to Odette ABS CBN News December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 20 2021 Retrieved December 20 2021 Gutierrez Jason December 16 2021 Super Typhoon Rai Hits the Philippines Forcing Thousands to Flee Flooding The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 16 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 Ilang evacuation center punuan na basic health protocols sisiguraduhing masusunod pa rin Some evacuation centers already full basic health protocols will ensure that they are still followed GMA News in Tagalog December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Malakas na ulan at hangin na dala ng Bagyong Odette naramdaman sa malaking bahagi ng Western Visayas Heavy rain and winds brought by Typhoon Odette were felt in large parts of Western Visayas GMA News in Tagalog Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Mga awtoridad doble kayod sa pagpapaalala at pag aalalay sa mga residente na lumikas bago humagupit ang bagyo Authorities double check on reminding and assisting residents to evacuate before the storm hits GMA News in Tagalog December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Ilang bahay at ibang istraktura napinsala ng malakas na ulan at hanging dala ng bagyong Odette Several houses and other structures were damaged by heavy rain and winds brought on by typhoon Odette GMA News in Tagalog December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Typhoon Rai weakens after pummelling central Philippines Reuters December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Mga senior citizen at bata kabilang sa mga ni rescue ng PHL Coast Guard Senior citizens and children among those rescued by the PHL Coast Guard GMA News in Tagalog December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Baha bunsod ng malakas na ulan halos lumampas na sa bubong ng mga bahay Floods caused by heavy rains almost exceeded the roofs of houses GMA News in Tagalog December 16 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 1 woman in Iloilo City dead because of Odette says mayor Trenas ABS CBN News December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Bohol gov on Typhoon Odette This is Yolanda again GMA News December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Malakas na ulan dala ng bagyong Odette humupa na sa Surigao City Heavy rain caused by typhoon Odette has subsided in Surigao City ABS CBN News in Tagalog December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Surigao City nagtamo ng matinding pinsala mula sa bagyong Odette Surigao City suffered severe damage from typhoon Odette ABS CBN News in Tagalog December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 100 percent ang pinsala Surigao City mayor asks for aid after Odette 100 percent damage Surigao City mayor asks for aid after Odette ABS CBN News December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Typhoon Odette among worst ever for Bohol national gov t help needed PDRRMO The Bohol Chronicle December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Damage in Odette hit Bohol to reach 5 billion CNN Philippines December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved February 15 2022 Siargao airport terminal destroyed in Odette s wake says lawmaker ABS CBN News December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 At least 3 dead as strong typhoon pummels Philippines Associated Press December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 via Yahoo News Philippines Typhoon Odette leaves 4 dead in Negros Occidental Kabankalan City under water Rappler December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 PNP 2 dead 2 missing and almost 200 000 evacuees due to Odette Manila Bulletin December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Fernandez Daniza December 20 2021 Odette killed 14 people destroyed 14 000 houses in Dinagat Islands official Inquirer Archived from the original on December 20 2021 Retrieved December 20 2021 Typhoon Odette leaves 12 dead 7 missing NDRRMC initial report GMA News December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 18 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 a b Almost 99 of population in Siargao including tourists affected by Odette Matugas GMA News December 17 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 Dinagat Islands leveled to the ground by Odette Gov Bag ao GMA News December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 Super Typhoon Rai Dozens feared dead in Philippines BBC News December 18 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 Leveled to the ground Philippines typhoon leaves 19 dead NBC News December 18 2021 Archived from the original on December 18 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 a b DOE Odette renders eight provinces totally without electricity GMA News December 17 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 Duterte visits Negros Occidental to assess Typhoon Odette recovery needs RAPPLER December 20 2021 Archived from the original on December 20 2021 Retrieved December 23 2021 Roson John Odette death toll now at 258 damage up to P5 41B Daily Tribune Archived from the original on December 23 2021 Retrieved December 23 2021 Jessie Yeung and Jinky Jorgio December 16 2021 Super Typhoon Rai slams into the Philippines as rescue operations get underway CNN Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Death toll in Philippines typhoon rises to 12 disaster agency www aljazeera com Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 a b c Super typhoon Rai Philippine tourist island Siargao among areas hit news yahoo com Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Typhoon Rai rescue efforts continue after strongest storm to hit Philippines this year the Guardian Agence France Presse December 18 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 18 2021 75 reported dead due to Typhoon Odette officials GMA News December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Death toll in Bohol due to Odette reaches 63 provincial gov t GMA News December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Family buried in landslide in Agusan del Sur 5 dead ABS CBN News December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Typhoon deaths in Philippines top 100 mayors appeal for aid Associated Press December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 78 sea vessels involved in maritime accidents in Cebu due to Typhoon Odette PCG GMA News December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 4 000 homes destroyed following storm surge in Southern Leyte town GMA News December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Ilang bahagi ng Palawan matinding sinalanta ng bagyong Odette Some parts of Palawan were severely devastated by typhoon Odette ABS CBN News in Tagalog December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Typhoon Rai Dec 2021 ReliefWeb Archived from the original on December 21 2021 Retrieved December 22 2021 Philippines Typhoon Rai Odette Humanitarian Snapshot as of 19 December 2021 Philippines ReliefWeb December 19 2021 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 19 2021 Philippines Typhoon Rai Odette Damaged Houses by Municipality as of 21 December 2021 Philippines ReliefWeb December 21 2021 Archived from the original on December 22 2021 Retrieved December 22 2021 LOOK Odette leaves shattered homes new Coast Guard HQ in rubble in Pag asa Island Archived from the original on December 24 2021 Retrieved December 31 2021 Odette hammers Pag asa Island destroys PCG station December 20 2021 Archived from the original on December 20 2021 Retrieved December 31 2021 BAO CAO NHANH Cong tac phong chống thien tai 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after Typhoon Odette onslaught Rappler December 17 2021 Archived from the original on December 17 2021 Retrieved December 17 2021 Camus Karl R Ocampo Miguel R December 18 2021 Power telco services down in 22 provinces INQUIRER net Archived from the original on December 20 2021 Retrieved December 21 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Globe PLDT report disruption of services in Visayas Mindanao due to Odette GMA News December 17 2021 Archived from the original on January 1 2022 Retrieved January 1 2022 Metro Manila mayors pool funds for Odette affected LGUs Philstar com Archived from the original on December 21 2021 Retrieved December 21 2021 Muntinlupa City government allots P20 M to help LGUs hit by typhoon Odette Manila Bulletin December 21 2021 Archived from the original on December 21 2021 Retrieved December 21 2021 Palicte Che December 19 2021 Sara sends disaster responders relief goods to Bohol www pna 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from the original on December 24 2021 Retrieved December 24 2021 Bernardino Stephanie December 21 2021 Local stars reiterate importance of ABS CBN following Odette onslaught The Manila Bulletin Archived from the original on December 24 2021 Retrieved December 24 2021 Gutierrez Jason May 14 2020 Duterte s Shutdown of TV Network Leaves Void Amid Coronavirus Crisis New York Times Archived from the original on December 26 2021 Retrieved December 24 2021 Regencia Ted July 10 2020 Duterte s Congress allies back order to shut Philippines ABS CBN Archived from the original on December 24 2021 Retrieved December 24 2021 I m ok Odette survivors write letters to loved ones The Philippine Star Agence France Presse December 21 2021 Archived from the original on December 24 2021 Retrieved December 24 2021 Rocamora Joyce Ann December 18 2021 Foreign gov ts ready to aid Odette hit areas www pna gov ph Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved December 21 2021 Garcia Ma Angelica December 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relief efforts in Malaysia Philippines CNA Archived from the original on December 22 2021 Retrieved December 23 2021 Mercado Neil Arwin December 25 2021 Japan gives aid to Typhoon Odette survivors in PH INQUIRER net Archived from the original on December 31 2021 Retrieved December 31 2021 Super Typhoon Rai Odette UNHCR Philippines Retrieved November 14 2022 Tim Cook tim cook December 21 2021 Typhoon Rai has caused so much devastation in the Philippines and Malaysia so many families have lost so much Apple will be contributing to relief recovery and longer term rebuilding efforts OdettePH Tweet Archived from the original on January 1 2022 via Twitter De Vera Ruiz Ellalyn PAGASA replaces names of 3 destructive cyclones in 2021 Manila Bulletin Archived from the original on March 22 2022 Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names PAGASA Archived from the original on March 21 2022 Retrieved March 21 2022 REPORT OF THE FIFTY FIFTH SESSION OF TYPHOON COMMITTEE PDF Typhoon Committee April 30 2023 Retrieved April 30 2023 LIST OF RETIRED TROPICAL CYCLONE NAMES Typhoon Committee Retrieved March 12 2024 External links editTyphoon Rai at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews JMA General Information of Typhoon Rai 2122 from Digital Typhoon JMA Best Track Data Graphics of Typhoon Rai 2122 JMA Best Track Data PDF of Typhoon Rai 2122 in Japanese JTWC Best Track Data of Super Typhoon 28W Rai 28W RAI from the U S Naval Research Laboratory ReliefWeb s main page for this event Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Typhoon Rai amp oldid 1214759056, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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