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Typhoon Flo (1990)

January 07, 2023

Typhoon Flo, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Norming, was a long-lived typhoon that brought destruction to much of Japan during September 1990. Flo originated from an area of convection that first formed to the southeast of the Marshall Islands on September 7. Five days later, the disturbance obtained tropical depression status, and on September 13, intensified into a tropical storm. Tracking west-northwest as it rounded a subtropical ridge, Flo slowly deepened, and on September 15, became a typhoon. After developing an eye, Flo began to rapidly intensify, and on September 17, Flo attained peak intensity. Shortly thereafter, the typhoon began to recurve to the northeast towards Honshu in response to deepening troughs to the northwest and north of the system, which resulted in a weakening trend due to increased vertical wind shear despite remaining over warm water. On September 19, Flo made landfall on southern Honshu, becoming the first typhoon to hit the Kii Peninsula in 11 years, and thereafter started to transition into an extratropical cyclone. The extratropical remnants of Flo were last noted on the morning of September 22.

Typhoon Flo (Norming)
Violent typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Flo after peak intensity
FormedSeptember 8, 1990
DissipatedSeptember 22, 1990
(Extratropical after September 20)
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 220 km/h (140 mph)
1-minute sustained: 270 km/h (165 mph)
Lowest pressure890 hPa (mbar); 26.28 inHg
Fatalities40
Damage$918 million (1990 USD)
Areas affectedJapan
Part of the 1990 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Flo was the strongest system to affect Japan since 1959. For a period of three days, the typhoon dropped heavy rainfall across much of the Japanese archipelago, which inflicted damage in 44 of 47 prefectures. The typhoon also passed just east of Okinawa, coming close enough to drop heavy rainfall. There, four people were killed, four were hurt, and five vessels sunk. On the northeastern side of Shikoku Island, in Kagawa Prefecture, two people were killed, 1,748 homes were damaged, and another 116 homes were destroyed. Across the Amami Islands, 13 people were killed, 29 others were hurt, 917 homes were damaged, and an additional 446 houses were destroyed, resulting in 2,327 homeless individuals. In Okayama Prefecture on the main Japanese island of Honshu, ten people perished and nine others were injured. There, 2,810 homes were demolished, 4,675 others were damaged, and Flo was the worst typhoon to strike the prefecture since 1964. While damage in Tokyo was slight, 260,000 passengers were stranded after 117 trains along the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line were disrupted. Due to a prolonged period of heavy rain, partially caused by Flo, rainfall was 300% of normal in some locations on the island as of mid-September 1990 while sunshine time was a mere 64% of average in Hokkaido Prefecture. Overall, 40 fatalities were reported and 131 others sustained injuries. A total 16,541 houses were destroyed while 18,183 others were flooded. Additionally, 413 ships sunk and 10,365 acres (4,195 ha) of farmland were damaged. The typhoon flooded or cut roads at 418 locations and railroads at 31 spots while there were also greater than 450 landslides. A total of 337 flights were canceled by Japan's four major airlines (Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways, Japan Air System, and Air Nippon) affecting around 33,000 passengers. Moreover, 245 trains were halted, leaving almost 300,000 stranded. Monetary damage amounted to ¥132 billion or US$918 million across the country.[nb 1]

Meteorological history

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone / Remnant low / Tropical disturbance / Monsoon depression

The origins of Typhoon Flo can be traced to an area of convection that first formed to the southeast of the Marshall Islands on September 7. At 06:00 UTC the next day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started tracking the system[1] while it was located about 430 km (270 mi) east-southeast of Guam. Initially, the disturbance tracked generally west-northwest[2] as it remained weak. Over the next four days, the storm's convective structure slowly improved caused by an expansion of its equatorial outflow channel while also turning westward - on a course typical of a straight runner.[1] On September 12, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression.[3][nb 2] Following the disturbance's development of a well-defined upper-level center and an additional increase in organization, aided by the subtropical jet the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 05:30 UTC that day. At 18:00 UTC on September 12, the JTWC declared the system a tropical depression.[1] Six hours later, the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm,[3] with the JTWC followed suit based on Dvorak classifications of T2.5/65 km/h (40 mph).[1]

Around this time, Flo began to track west-northwest at a pace of 23 km/h (14 mph) under the influence of a subtropical ridge to the north. Flo initially intensified at the climatological rate of one T number per day,[1] and at 06:00 UTC on September 14, the JMA upgraded Flo to a severe tropical storm. Early the following day, both agencies classified Flo as a typhoon,[5][nb 3] although operationally the JTWC did not upgrade Flo into a typhoon until 06:00 UTC, when the storm developed a small but circular eye. After becoming a typhoon, Flo began to rapidly intensify.[1] Over the ensuing 36 hours, the JTWC estimated that Flo deepened by 130 km/h (80 mph).[7] Midday on September 16, the JTWC upgraded Flo into a super typhoon, which is defined by the JTWC as a tropical cyclone with winds of at least 240 km/h (150 mph), although satellite intensity estimates suggested that Flo was even stronger. At 06:00 UTC on September 17, the JTWC raised the intensity of the typhoon to 265 km/h (165 mph), equal to Category 5 status on the United States-based Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS); the basis for this was flight level observations from a Hurricane Hunter aircraft. Shortly thereafter, a dropsonde from the aircraft measured a barometric pressure of 891 mbar (26.3 inHg).[1] Around this time, the JMA estimated the typhoon peaked in intensity, with winds of 225 km/h (140 mph) and a pressure of 890 mbar (26 inHg).[3]

Around the time Flo peaked in intensity, the typhoon began to recurve to the northeast in response to a deepening mid-latitude shortwave trough to the northwest, which induced a break in the subtropical ridge. At 00:00 UTC on September 18, the JTWC estimated that the typhoon weakened back to a tropical storm. Weakening continued due to increased vertical wind shear, although the warm waters of the Kuroshio Current helped Flo maintain some of its intensity. Typhoon Flo accelerated northeastward towards Honshu in response to a trough passing north of the system.[1] Around 06:00 UTC on September 19,[5] the storm made landfall on southern Honshu,[1] with the JTWC and JMA reporting winds of 170 km/h (105 mph) and 160 km/h (100 mph) respectively at the time of landfall.[5] After passing over Japan, Flo began to transition into an extratropical cyclone.[1] At 00:00 UTC on September 20, the JMA declared Flo extratropical,[3] while the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm. Six hours later, the JTWC issued their last warning on the system because it had completed its extratropical transition.[1] The extratropical remnants of Flo were last noted on the morning of September 22.[3]

Preparations

Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Japan
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 2781.0 109.50 Fran 1976 Hiso [8]
2 >2000.0 >78.74 Namtheun 2004 Kisawa [9]
3 1805.5 71.08 Talas 2011 Kamikitayama [10]
4 1518.9 59.80 Olive 1971 Ebino [11]
5 1322.0 52.04 Nabi 2005 Mikado [12]
6 1286.0 50.62 Kent 1992 Hidegadake [13]
7 1167.0 45.94 Judy 1989 Hidegadake [14]
8 1138.0 44.80 Abby 1983 Amagisan [15]
9 1124.0 44.25 Flo 1990 Yanase [16]
10 ~1092.0 ~43.00 Trix 1971 Yangitake [17]

On September 17, 57 fights from Japan Airlines, Japan Air System, and All Nippon Airways to and from Naha were called off, stranding 57,000 passengers. Ferry service to and from Okinawa was halted and 403 schools were closed there that day.[18] While preparing for the storm, two injures occurred in Tagajō.[19] Flood warnings were issued on September 19 for Tokyo, Yokohama, and Chiba.[20] Storm surge warnings were issued for the coastal areas of Yamanashi Prefecture.[21]

Impact

Typhoon Flo was the strongest system to affect Japan since 1959[22] and was the first typhoon to hit the Kii Peninsula in 11 years.[23] For a period of three days,[24] the typhoon dropped heavy rainfall across much of the Japanese archipelago,[25] which caused damage in 44 of 47 prefectures.[24] A peak rainfall total occurred of 1,124 mm (44.3 in) at Yanase Station.[26] A peak hourly rainfall total of 1,124 mm (44.3 in) was observed in Setouchi.[27] Meanwhile, a peak daily precipitation total of 543 mm (21.4 in) fell in Hidegadake.[28] A wind gust of 151 km/h (94 mph) was recorded on Muroto.[29] A minimum barometric pressure of 971.3 mbar (28.68 inHg) was recorded at Gifu, the fourth lowest pressure observed since observations at the station began in 1883.[30]

Across Okinawa, the outer rainbands of the system was responsible for heavy rains.[31] Four people were killed, including a 78-year-old women, and three others were rendered missing in the Okinawa island group.[32] Four people were hurt.[31] Offshore, six vessels were damaged, five of which sunk.[31] In Naha, the capital of Okinawa, strong winds destroyed neon signs, tore away store-front shutters, and tossed bicycles across streets.[33] On the northeastern side of Shikoku Island, in Kagawa Prefecture, two people were killed, one at sea and one elementary school student in Tonoshō that was crushed by a falling building, and two were wounded, 1,748 homes were damaged, and another 116 homes were destroyed. Damage there was estimated at ¥18.9 billion.[34] Damage in Kōchi Prefecture amounted to ¥4.82 billion.[35] On the eastern portion of Shikoku Island, in Tokushima Prefecture, one person fell and died, another was wounded, 852 homes were damaged, and 60 others were destroyed.[36]

Typhoon Flo brought strong waves and high winds to Kyushu Island. In Nagasaki Prefecture, one person was injured. All flights to and from Nagasaki Airport on September 18 and September 19 were cancelled.[37] A total of 1,500 ha (3,700 acres) of crops was destroyed in Oita Prefecture.[38] To the southwest, 13 people were killed[39] 12 due to landslides,[40] while 29 others were wounded in the Amami Islands. A total of 917 homes were damaged and an additional 446 homes were destroyed, resulting in 2,327 homeless. Over 50,000 homes lost power. Damage in the prefecture totaled roughly ¥8 billion.[39] In the city of Gokase, two people perished and another was hurt. A total of 40 flights, or 77% of all flights in Miyazaki Prefecture, were cancelled. Throughout Miyazaki Prefecture, 153 homes were damaged and 25 were destroyed, which resulted in 203 homeless. Nearly 19,000 residencies lost power.[41] Four people died in Ehime Prefecture and damage amounted to ¥6.72 billion.[42]

Along the southwestern portion of the island, in Tottori Prefecture, one person perished due to the typhoon. A total of 551 homes were damaged and 213 others were demolished. Nearly 3,000 ha (7,415 acres) of farmland were damaged. Total damage was estimated at ¥4.9 billion.[43] The inner core of the typhoon passed over Kyoto Prefecture and lashed the region with high winds for several hours. A total of 52 homes were destroyed while 544 homes were damaged. Offshore, 20 ships were damaged. Prefecturewide, there were 120 landslides and four individuals were injured. Damage was assessed at ¥7.24 billion.[44] Elsewhere, one person was killed and another was wounded in Shiga Prefecture. There, 927 homes were damaged and 118 were destroyed. Communication was downed at 870 locations and there were 82 landslides. Damage across the prefecture amounted to ¥5.5 billion.[45] A total of 12,800 customers lost power and damage amounted to ¥1.06 billion in Hiroshima Prefecture.[46] Starting on September 17, the typhoon deluged Okayama Prefecture with heavy rains that caused 72 landslides. Thirty-three roads and twelve bridges were damaged. Ten people died in the prefecture, including eight from landslides, one drowned in a river, and another died due to strong winds, while nine others suffered injuries. A total of 2,810 homes were leveled, and 4,675 homes were damaged.[31] Roughly 25,000 homes were flooded.[47] Prefecturewide, damage totaled ¥15.9 billion; Flo was the worst tropical cyclone to affect the area since Typhoon Kathy in 1964.[48] In Hyogo Prefecture, two fatalities, as well as one injury, were reported. In addition, 9,069 homes were damaged while 1,644 other homes were flattened, leaving 2,585 homeless.[49] On the southern tip of Honshu, in Wakayama prefecture, four people were hurt while the destruction of 124 dwellings left 451 individuals homeless and 124 other dwellings sustained damage. In Shingū, 16 homes were destroyed.[50] In Nara Prefecture, 105 homes were damaged and 46 houses were destroyed while 4,300 residencies lost power.[51]

Along the west coast of central Japan, in Toyama Prefecture, heavy rains caused 107 landslides while rough seas damaged nine ships. There, 49 homes were damaged and two others were destroyed. Four bridges were damaged and one was destroyed. Two people were killed and damage totaled ¥575 million.[52] Almost 40% of all crops in the prefecture were destroyed.[53] In Otani, 44 people were evacuated after a hotel collapsed. Across Nagano Prefecture, six homes were damaged.[54] The typhoon spawned a tornado near Utsunomiya, which destroyed 30 houses, and damaged 182 other buildings. Damage from the tornado was assessed at ¥1.5 billion. Most of Tochigi Prefecture received heavy rains, which caused damage to 30 homes, 70 embankments, and two bridges. Roads were damaged in 52 spots. Moreover, 24 people were hurt and 1,311 people were homeless. Damage across the prefecture was estimated at ¥2.53 billion.[55] Offshore Fukui Prefecture, 69 ships sunk. Onshore, six houses were damaged and there were thirteen landslides. Damage in the prefecture totaled ¥460 million.[56] Strong winds damaged 17 structures in Gunma Prefecture and crop damage there amounted to ¥968 million.[57] Additionally, 20 homes were flooded and 3,000 households lost power along coastal areas of Saitama Prefecture.[58] Two people were wounded in Ibaraki Prefecture.[59] In Gifu Prefecture, one person died and another was injured. A total of 343 homes were destroyed and 1,690 others were damaged, which led to 1,237 homeless. There were 247 landslides, seventeen bridges were damaged, and roads were damaged in 430 places.[30] In Aichi Prefecture, 17 people were injured. Three hundred ninety-two homes were damaged and two others were destroyed. A total of 3,000 trees and 7,000 streets signs were downed. Damage throughout the prefecture totaled ¥1.04 billion.[60] In Yamanashi Prefecture, one person was hurt and one hundred ten homes were damaged or destroyed, which resulted in 419 people homeless. Thirty-one trains were suspend. Damage there amounted to ¥1.95 billion.[61] Two people were injured in Chiba Prefecture, where 648 ha (1,600 acres) of crops were damaged.[21] Across Mie Prefecture, a combination of high winds and torrential rains damaged 392 homes and destroyed 66 others, which resulted in 760 people displaced from their home. Eight bridges were damaged and there were 166 landslides. Offshore, 16 vessels were damaged. Fifteen people were hurt and damage totaled ¥22.8 billion.[62] Three people were wounded and a hundred one homes were damaged in Shizuoka Prefecture.[63] Damage in Ōshima Subprefecture totaled ¥46.3 billion. On the Yamanashi Prefecture, damage totaled ¥1.87 billion.[64] However, damage in the surrounding Tokyo area was minimal,[24] and one person was injured.[65] though 260,000 passengers were stranded after 117 trains along the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line were disrupted.[66] In Kanagawa Prefecture, one person was wounded and fifteen houses were damaged.[67]

Throughout Aomori Prefecture, 631 dwellings sustained flooding, including 25 homes in Aomori city, while 21 roads and 483 embankments were damaged. A total of 954 ha (2,360 acres) of apples were damaged and 191 households lost power in Hirosaki City. Damage in the prefecture was estimated at ¥8.26 billion , including ¥485 million from property.[68] Further south, in Akita Prefecture, 206 homes were flooded, with 204 others damaged. There were also 54 landslides, 2 injuries, and 34 homeless. A total of 1,488 ha (3,680 acres) of crops were damaged, including 800 ha (1,975 acres) in Akita City.[69] Late on September 19, the typhoon passed directly over Iwate Prefecture, where there were reports of 32 landslides, 1 fatality, and 275 flooded houses. Twenty-one bridges were destroyed and roads were damaged in 390 locations. Prefecturewide, damage exceeded ¥15.1 billion, including ¥11.7 billion in infrastructure damage, ¥2.15 billion in damage to agricultural facilities, and ¥670 million in crop damage.[70] In Yusa Town, the roof of the town hall was destroyed. Four structures in Sakata City lost their roof. In Tsuruoka City, eight houses lost their roofs, which resulted in thirty-six homeless.[71] A 72-year old drowned in the sewers of nearby Shiogama. Thirteen flights in and out of Sendai on September 20 were cancelled. A total of 40% of schools were closed due to lightning in the city. One hundred ten phone lines were also downed that would not be fixed until October 22. Throughout Miyagi prefecture, one person perished, two others were wounded,[19] roads were damaged in 102 places, 1,139 homes were destroyed,[72] and over 3,000 houses were damaged. Monetary damage in the prefecture totaled ¥150 billion.[19] Elsewhere, in Fukushima Prefecture, 1,300 people lost power due to strong winds, and damage to crops totaled ¥143 million.[73] Damage in Niigata Prefecture amounted to ¥643 million and 29 flights were cancelled to and from the prefecture.[74] Seven homes were damaged in Ishikawa Prefecture.[75] Along the northernmost island of the Japanese archipelago, in Hokkaido Prefecture, damage amounted to ¥6.8 billion. Due to a prolonged period of heavy rain caused by Flo, in conjunction with several other tropical cyclones, rainfall was 300% of normal in some locations on the island as of mid-September 1990 while sunshine time was a mere 64% of average.[76] A landslide in Urakawa damaged one homes and injured two people, one seriously.[77]

Nationwide, 40 fatalities were reported and 131 others sustained injuries. A total 16,541 houses were destroyed while 18,183 others were flooded.[25] Additionally, 413 ships sunk and 10,365 acres (4,195 ha) of farmland were damaged.[25] There were reports of over 450 landslides.[78] The typhoon flooded or cut roads at 418 locations and railroads at 31 spots.[79][80] A total of 337 flights were canceled by Japan's four major airlines - Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways, Japan Air System and Air Nippon - affecting roughly 33,000 passengers. Moreover, 245 trains were halted, leaving almost 300,000 stranded.[81] Monetary damage totaled ¥132 billion (US$918 million).[25][nb 4][nb 5]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ All damage totals are in 1990 values of their respective currencies.
  2. ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[4]
  3. ^ Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10-minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1-minute winds.[6]
  4. ^ All currencies are converted from Japanese yen to United States Dollars using this with an exchange rate of the year 1990.
  5. ^ All damage totals are in 1990 values of their respective currencies.

References

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  78. ^ "Ed: Updating Casualty Figures; 38 People Killed or Missing in Wake of Typhoon in Japan". Japan Economic Newswire. September 20, 1990.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  79. ^ "15 Dead, Seven Missing as Typhoon Flo Hits Western Japan". Associated Press. September 20, 1990.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  80. ^ Hong, KP (September 20, 1990). "Typhoon Moves Out to Sea After Leaving 38 Dead in Japan". Associated Press.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  81. ^ "Typhoon Hits Land in Wakayama Pref. at 8 P.M.". Japan Economic Newswire. September 19, 1990.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typhoon Flo (1990).
  • A Numerical Study of Typhoon Flo 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
  • Weather Underground tracking

January 07, 2023
typhoon, 1990, typhoon, known, philippines, typhoon, norming, long, lived, typhoon, that, brought, destruction, much, japan, during, september, 1990, originated, from, area, convection, that, first, formed, southeast, marshall, islands, september, five, days, . Typhoon Flo known in the Philippines as Typhoon Norming was a long lived typhoon that brought destruction to much of Japan during September 1990 Flo originated from an area of convection that first formed to the southeast of the Marshall Islands on September 7 Five days later the disturbance obtained tropical depression status and on September 13 intensified into a tropical storm Tracking west northwest as it rounded a subtropical ridge Flo slowly deepened and on September 15 became a typhoon After developing an eye Flo began to rapidly intensify and on September 17 Flo attained peak intensity Shortly thereafter the typhoon began to recurve to the northeast towards Honshu in response to deepening troughs to the northwest and north of the system which resulted in a weakening trend due to increased vertical wind shear despite remaining over warm water On September 19 Flo made landfall on southern Honshu becoming the first typhoon to hit the Kii Peninsula in 11 years and thereafter started to transition into an extratropical cyclone The extratropical remnants of Flo were last noted on the morning of September 22 Typhoon Flo Norming Violent typhoon JMA scale Category 5 super typhoon SSHWS Flo after peak intensityFormedSeptember 8 1990DissipatedSeptember 22 1990 Extratropical after September 20 Highest winds10 minute sustained 220 km h 140 mph 1 minute sustained 270 km h 165 mph Lowest pressure890 hPa mbar 26 28 inHgFatalities40Damage 918 million 1990 USD Areas affectedJapanPart of the 1990 Pacific typhoon seasonTyphoon Flo was the strongest system to affect Japan since 1959 For a period of three days the typhoon dropped heavy rainfall across much of the Japanese archipelago which inflicted damage in 44 of 47 prefectures The typhoon also passed just east of Okinawa coming close enough to drop heavy rainfall There four people were killed four were hurt and five vessels sunk On the northeastern side of Shikoku Island in Kagawa Prefecture two people were killed 1 748 homes were damaged and another 116 homes were destroyed Across the Amami Islands 13 people were killed 29 others were hurt 917 homes were damaged and an additional 446 houses were destroyed resulting in 2 327 homeless individuals In Okayama Prefecture on the main Japanese island of Honshu ten people perished and nine others were injured There 2 810 homes were demolished 4 675 others were damaged and Flo was the worst typhoon to strike the prefecture since 1964 While damage in Tokyo was slight 260 000 passengers were stranded after 117 trains along the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line were disrupted Due to a prolonged period of heavy rain partially caused by Flo rainfall was 300 of normal in some locations on the island as of mid September 1990 while sunshine time was a mere 64 of average in Hokkaido Prefecture Overall 40 fatalities were reported and 131 others sustained injuries A total 16 541 houses were destroyed while 18 183 others were flooded Additionally 413 ships sunk and 10 365 acres 4 195 ha of farmland were damaged The typhoon flooded or cut roads at 418 locations and railroads at 31 spots while there were also greater than 450 landslides A total of 337 flights were canceled by Japan s four major airlines Japan Airlines All Nippon Airways Japan Air System and Air Nippon affecting around 33 000 passengers Moreover 245 trains were halted leaving almost 300 000 stranded Monetary damage amounted to 132 billion or US 918 million across the country nb 1 Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations 3 Impact 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksMeteorological history Edit Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone Remnant low Tropical disturbance Monsoon depression The origins of Typhoon Flo can be traced to an area of convection that first formed to the southeast of the Marshall Islands on September 7 At 06 00 UTC the next day the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC started tracking the system 1 while it was located about 430 km 270 mi east southeast of Guam Initially the disturbance tracked generally west northwest 2 as it remained weak Over the next four days the storm s convective structure slowly improved caused by an expansion of its equatorial outflow channel while also turning westward on a course typical of a straight runner 1 On September 12 the Japan Meteorological Agency JMA classified the system as a tropical depression 3 nb 2 Following the disturbance s development of a well defined upper level center and an additional increase in organization aided by the subtropical jet the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 05 30 UTC that day At 18 00 UTC on September 12 the JTWC declared the system a tropical depression 1 Six hours later the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm 3 with the JTWC followed suit based on Dvorak classifications of T2 5 65 km h 40 mph 1 Around this time Flo began to track west northwest at a pace of 23 km h 14 mph under the influence of a subtropical ridge to the north Flo initially intensified at the climatological rate of one T number per day 1 and at 06 00 UTC on September 14 the JMA upgraded Flo to a severe tropical storm Early the following day both agencies classified Flo as a typhoon 5 nb 3 although operationally the JTWC did not upgrade Flo into a typhoon until 06 00 UTC when the storm developed a small but circular eye After becoming a typhoon Flo began to rapidly intensify 1 Over the ensuing 36 hours the JTWC estimated that Flo deepened by 130 km h 80 mph 7 Midday on September 16 the JTWC upgraded Flo into a super typhoon which is defined by the JTWC as a tropical cyclone with winds of at least 240 km h 150 mph although satellite intensity estimates suggested that Flo was even stronger At 06 00 UTC on September 17 the JTWC raised the intensity of the typhoon to 265 km h 165 mph equal to Category 5 status on the United States based Saffir Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale SSHWS the basis for this was flight level observations from a Hurricane Hunter aircraft Shortly thereafter a dropsonde from the aircraft measured a barometric pressure of 891 mbar 26 3 inHg 1 Around this time the JMA estimated the typhoon peaked in intensity with winds of 225 km h 140 mph and a pressure of 890 mbar 26 inHg 3 Around the time Flo peaked in intensity the typhoon began to recurve to the northeast in response to a deepening mid latitude shortwave trough to the northwest which induced a break in the subtropical ridge At 00 00 UTC on September 18 the JTWC estimated that the typhoon weakened back to a tropical storm Weakening continued due to increased vertical wind shear although the warm waters of the Kuroshio Current helped Flo maintain some of its intensity Typhoon Flo accelerated northeastward towards Honshu in response to a trough passing north of the system 1 Around 06 00 UTC on September 19 5 the storm made landfall on southern Honshu 1 with the JTWC and JMA reporting winds of 170 km h 105 mph and 160 km h 100 mph respectively at the time of landfall 5 After passing over Japan Flo began to transition into an extratropical cyclone 1 At 00 00 UTC on September 20 the JMA declared Flo extratropical 3 while the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm Six hours later the JTWC issued their last warning on the system because it had completed its extratropical transition 1 The extratropical remnants of Flo were last noted on the morning of September 22 3 Preparations EditWettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in JapanHighest known totals Precipitation Storm Location Ref Rank mm in1 2781 0 109 50 Fran 1976 Hiso 8 2 gt 2000 0 gt 78 74 Namtheun 2004 Kisawa 9 3 1805 5 71 08 Talas 2011 Kamikitayama 10 4 1518 9 59 80 Olive 1971 Ebino 11 5 1322 0 52 04 Nabi 2005 Mikado 12 6 1286 0 50 62 Kent 1992 Hidegadake 13 7 1167 0 45 94 Judy 1989 Hidegadake 14 8 1138 0 44 80 Abby 1983 Amagisan 15 9 1124 0 44 25 Flo 1990 Yanase 16 10 1092 0 43 00 Trix 1971 Yangitake 17 On September 17 57 fights from Japan Airlines Japan Air System and All Nippon Airways to and from Naha were called off stranding 57 000 passengers Ferry service to and from Okinawa was halted and 403 schools were closed there that day 18 While preparing for the storm two injures occurred in Tagajō 19 Flood warnings were issued on September 19 for Tokyo Yokohama and Chiba 20 Storm surge warnings were issued for the coastal areas of Yamanashi Prefecture 21 Impact EditTyphoon Flo was the strongest system to affect Japan since 1959 22 and was the first typhoon to hit the Kii Peninsula in 11 years 23 For a period of three days 24 the typhoon dropped heavy rainfall across much of the Japanese archipelago 25 which caused damage in 44 of 47 prefectures 24 A peak rainfall total occurred of 1 124 mm 44 3 in at Yanase Station 26 A peak hourly rainfall total of 1 124 mm 44 3 in was observed in Setouchi 27 Meanwhile a peak daily precipitation total of 543 mm 21 4 in fell in Hidegadake 28 A wind gust of 151 km h 94 mph was recorded on Muroto 29 A minimum barometric pressure of 971 3 mbar 28 68 inHg was recorded at Gifu the fourth lowest pressure observed since observations at the station began in 1883 30 Across Okinawa the outer rainbands of the system was responsible for heavy rains 31 Four people were killed including a 78 year old women and three others were rendered missing in the Okinawa island group 32 Four people were hurt 31 Offshore six vessels were damaged five of which sunk 31 In Naha the capital of Okinawa strong winds destroyed neon signs tore away store front shutters and tossed bicycles across streets 33 On the northeastern side of Shikoku Island in Kagawa Prefecture two people were killed one at sea and one elementary school student in Tonoshō that was crushed by a falling building and two were wounded 1 748 homes were damaged and another 116 homes were destroyed Damage there was estimated at 18 9 billion 34 Damage in Kōchi Prefecture amounted to 4 82 billion 35 On the eastern portion of Shikoku Island in Tokushima Prefecture one person fell and died another was wounded 852 homes were damaged and 60 others were destroyed 36 Typhoon Flo brought strong waves and high winds to Kyushu Island In Nagasaki Prefecture one person was injured All flights to and from Nagasaki Airport on September 18 and September 19 were cancelled 37 A total of 1 500 ha 3 700 acres of crops was destroyed in Oita Prefecture 38 To the southwest 13 people were killed 39 12 due to landslides 40 while 29 others were wounded in the Amami Islands A total of 917 homes were damaged and an additional 446 homes were destroyed resulting in 2 327 homeless Over 50 000 homes lost power Damage in the prefecture totaled roughly 8 billion 39 In the city of Gokase two people perished and another was hurt A total of 40 flights or 77 of all flights in Miyazaki Prefecture were cancelled Throughout Miyazaki Prefecture 153 homes were damaged and 25 were destroyed which resulted in 203 homeless Nearly 19 000 residencies lost power 41 Four people died in Ehime Prefecture and damage amounted to 6 72 billion 42 Along the southwestern portion of the island in Tottori Prefecture one person perished due to the typhoon A total of 551 homes were damaged and 213 others were demolished Nearly 3 000 ha 7 415 acres of farmland were damaged Total damage was estimated at 4 9 billion 43 The inner core of the typhoon passed over Kyoto Prefecture and lashed the region with high winds for several hours A total of 52 homes were destroyed while 544 homes were damaged Offshore 20 ships were damaged Prefecturewide there were 120 landslides and four individuals were injured Damage was assessed at 7 24 billion 44 Elsewhere one person was killed and another was wounded in Shiga Prefecture There 927 homes were damaged and 118 were destroyed Communication was downed at 870 locations and there were 82 landslides Damage across the prefecture amounted to 5 5 billion 45 A total of 12 800 customers lost power and damage amounted to 1 06 billion in Hiroshima Prefecture 46 Starting on September 17 the typhoon deluged Okayama Prefecture with heavy rains that caused 72 landslides Thirty three roads and twelve bridges were damaged Ten people died in the prefecture including eight from landslides one drowned in a river and another died due to strong winds while nine others suffered injuries A total of 2 810 homes were leveled and 4 675 homes were damaged 31 Roughly 25 000 homes were flooded 47 Prefecturewide damage totaled 15 9 billion Flo was the worst tropical cyclone to affect the area since Typhoon Kathy in 1964 48 In Hyogo Prefecture two fatalities as well as one injury were reported In addition 9 069 homes were damaged while 1 644 other homes were flattened leaving 2 585 homeless 49 On the southern tip of Honshu in Wakayama prefecture four people were hurt while the destruction of 124 dwellings left 451 individuals homeless and 124 other dwellings sustained damage In Shingu 16 homes were destroyed 50 In Nara Prefecture 105 homes were damaged and 46 houses were destroyed while 4 300 residencies lost power 51 Along the west coast of central Japan in Toyama Prefecture heavy rains caused 107 landslides while rough seas damaged nine ships There 49 homes were damaged and two others were destroyed Four bridges were damaged and one was destroyed Two people were killed and damage totaled 575 million 52 Almost 40 of all crops in the prefecture were destroyed 53 In Otani 44 people were evacuated after a hotel collapsed Across Nagano Prefecture six homes were damaged 54 The typhoon spawned a tornado near Utsunomiya which destroyed 30 houses and damaged 182 other buildings Damage from the tornado was assessed at 1 5 billion Most of Tochigi Prefecture received heavy rains which caused damage to 30 homes 70 embankments and two bridges Roads were damaged in 52 spots Moreover 24 people were hurt and 1 311 people were homeless Damage across the prefecture was estimated at 2 53 billion 55 Offshore Fukui Prefecture 69 ships sunk Onshore six houses were damaged and there were thirteen landslides Damage in the prefecture totaled 460 million 56 Strong winds damaged 17 structures in Gunma Prefecture and crop damage there amounted to 968 million 57 Additionally 20 homes were flooded and 3 000 households lost power along coastal areas of Saitama Prefecture 58 Two people were wounded in Ibaraki Prefecture 59 In Gifu Prefecture one person died and another was injured A total of 343 homes were destroyed and 1 690 others were damaged which led to 1 237 homeless There were 247 landslides seventeen bridges were damaged and roads were damaged in 430 places 30 In Aichi Prefecture 17 people were injured Three hundred ninety two homes were damaged and two others were destroyed A total of 3 000 trees and 7 000 streets signs were downed Damage throughout the prefecture totaled 1 04 billion 60 In Yamanashi Prefecture one person was hurt and one hundred ten homes were damaged or destroyed which resulted in 419 people homeless Thirty one trains were suspend Damage there amounted to 1 95 billion 61 Two people were injured in Chiba Prefecture where 648 ha 1 600 acres of crops were damaged 21 Across Mie Prefecture a combination of high winds and torrential rains damaged 392 homes and destroyed 66 others which resulted in 760 people displaced from their home Eight bridges were damaged and there were 166 landslides Offshore 16 vessels were damaged Fifteen people were hurt and damage totaled 22 8 billion 62 Three people were wounded and a hundred one homes were damaged in Shizuoka Prefecture 63 Damage in Ōshima Subprefecture totaled 46 3 billion On the Yamanashi Prefecture damage totaled 1 87 billion 64 However damage in the surrounding Tokyo area was minimal 24 and one person was injured 65 though 260 000 passengers were stranded after 117 trains along the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line were disrupted 66 In Kanagawa Prefecture one person was wounded and fifteen houses were damaged 67 Throughout Aomori Prefecture 631 dwellings sustained flooding including 25 homes in Aomori city while 21 roads and 483 embankments were damaged A total of 954 ha 2 360 acres of apples were damaged and 191 households lost power in Hirosaki City Damage in the prefecture was estimated at 8 26 billion including 485 million from property 68 Further south in Akita Prefecture 206 homes were flooded with 204 others damaged There were also 54 landslides 2 injuries and 34 homeless A total of 1 488 ha 3 680 acres of crops were damaged including 800 ha 1 975 acres in Akita City 69 Late on September 19 the typhoon passed directly over Iwate Prefecture where there were reports of 32 landslides 1 fatality and 275 flooded houses Twenty one bridges were destroyed and roads were damaged in 390 locations Prefecturewide damage exceeded 15 1 billion including 11 7 billion in infrastructure damage 2 15 billion in damage to agricultural facilities and 670 million in crop damage 70 In Yusa Town the roof of the town hall was destroyed Four structures in Sakata City lost their roof In Tsuruoka City eight houses lost their roofs which resulted in thirty six homeless 71 A 72 year old drowned in the sewers of nearby Shiogama Thirteen flights in and out of Sendai on September 20 were cancelled A total of 40 of schools were closed due to lightning in the city One hundred ten phone lines were also downed that would not be fixed until October 22 Throughout Miyagi prefecture one person perished two others were wounded 19 roads were damaged in 102 places 1 139 homes were destroyed 72 and over 3 000 houses were damaged Monetary damage in the prefecture totaled 150 billion 19 Elsewhere in Fukushima Prefecture 1 300 people lost power due to strong winds and damage to crops totaled 143 million 73 Damage in Niigata Prefecture amounted to 643 million and 29 flights were cancelled to and from the prefecture 74 Seven homes were damaged in Ishikawa Prefecture 75 Along the northernmost island of the Japanese archipelago in Hokkaido Prefecture damage amounted to 6 8 billion Due to a prolonged period of heavy rain caused by Flo in conjunction with several other tropical cyclones rainfall was 300 of normal in some locations on the island as of mid September 1990 while sunshine time was a mere 64 of average 76 A landslide in Urakawa damaged one homes and injured two people one seriously 77 Nationwide 40 fatalities were reported and 131 others sustained injuries A total 16 541 houses were destroyed while 18 183 others were flooded 25 Additionally 413 ships sunk and 10 365 acres 4 195 ha of farmland were damaged 25 There were reports of over 450 landslides 78 The typhoon flooded or cut roads at 418 locations and railroads at 31 spots 79 80 A total of 337 flights were canceled by Japan s four major airlines Japan Airlines All Nippon Airways Japan Air System and Air Nippon affecting roughly 33 000 passengers Moreover 245 trains were halted leaving almost 300 000 stranded 81 Monetary damage totaled 132 billion US 918 million 25 nb 4 nb 5 See also Edit Tropical cyclones portalTyphoon Phanfone 2014 Typhoon VeraNotes Edit All damage totals are in 1990 values of their respective currencies The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean 4 Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes while estimates from the United States based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute 10 minute winds are about 1 14 times the amount of 1 minute winds 6 All currencies are converted from Japanese yen to United States Dollars using this with an exchange rate of the year 1990 All damage totals are in 1990 values of their respective currencies References Edit a b c d e f g h i j k Joint Typhoon Warning Center Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center 1992 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report 1990 PDF Report United States Navy United States Air Force pp 142 147 Retrieved July 5 2017 Hong Kong Observatory 1991 Part III Tropical Cyclone Summaries Meteorological Results 1990 PDF Meteorological Results Report Hong Kong Observatory p 15 Retrieved July 5 2017 a b c d e Japan Meteorological Agency October 10 1992 RSMC Best Track Data 1990 1999 TXT Report Retrieved July 5 2017 Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo Typhoon Center 2000 PDF Japan Meteorological Agency February 2001 p 3 Retrieved July 5 2017 a b c Kenneth R Knapp Michael C Kruk David H Levinson Howard J Diamond Charles J Neumann 2010 1990 FLO 1990251N06171 The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship IBTrACS Unifying tropical cyclone best track data Report Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Retrieved July 5 2017 Christopher W Landsea Hurricane Research Division April 26 2004 Subject D4 What does maximum sustained wind mean How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones Frequently Asked Questions National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Retrieved July 5 2017 Typhoon 20W Best Track TXT Report Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 17 2002 Retrieved July 5 2017 Ikuo Tasaka 1981 The Difference of Rainfall Distribution in Relation to Time Scale A Case Study on Heavy Rainfall of September 8 13 1976 in the Shikoku Island Caused by Typhoon 7617 Fran PDF Geographical Review of Japan in Japanese 54 10 570 578 doi 10 4157 grj 54 570 Retrieved January 5 2016 Gonghui Wang Akira Suemine Gen Furuya Masahiro Kaibori amp Kyoji Sassa 2006 Rainstorm induced landslides in Kisawa village Tokushima Prefecture Japan PDF Report International Association for Engineering Geology Retrieved January 5 2016 Typhoon Talas Japan Meteorological Agency 2011 Retrieved September 6 2011 Typhoons of the Western North Pacific 1971 Climatological Data National Summary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 22 1 771 January 1971 Retrieved April 12 2013 台風200514号 Nabi 災害情報 in Japanese National Institute of Informatics 2011 Retrieved December 31 2011 台風199211号 Kent 災害情報 in Japanese National Institute of Informatics 2011 Retrieved December 31 2011 アメダス日出岳 64211 台風198911号 in Japanese National Institute of Informatics 2011 Retrieved December 31 2011 台風198305号 Abby 災害情報 in Japanese National Institute of Informatics 2011 Retrieved December 31 2011 台風199019号 Flo 災害情報 in Japanese National Institute of Informatics 2011 Retrieved December 31 2011 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report Typhoon Trix PDF Joint Typhoon Warning Center United States Navy 1972 pp 183 192 Retrieved April 12 2013 Strong Typhoon Threatening Okinawa Southern Kyushu Japan Economic Newswire September 17 1990 via Lexis Nexis subscription required a b c Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 590 10 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Typhoon Batters Japan The Pioneer Press September 20 1990 Retrieved January 15 2012 a b Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 648 15 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Typhoon pounds Japan The Beaver County Times September 19 1990 Retrieved January 15 2012 Killer Typhoon to March Across Mainland Jiji Press Ticker Service September 19 1990 via Lexis Nexis subscription required a b c Typhoon Flo slams into Japan The Tuscaloosa News Associated Press September 20 1990 p 2 Retrieved January 15 2012 a b c d Asanobu Kitamoto Typhoon 199019 Flo Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 5 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto AMeDAS YANASE 74151 Typhoon 199019 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 5 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto AMeDAS KONIYA 88901 Typhoon 199019 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 5 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto AMeDAS MOTOYAMA 74071 Typhoon 199014 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved June 30 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto AMeDAS MUROTOMISAKI 74371 Typhoon 199019 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 5 2017 a b Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 632 02 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 a b c d Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 936 13 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Typhoon Flo slams into Okinawa United Press International September 18 1990 via Lexis Nexis subscription required Typhoon Flo Slams into Okinawa The Lodi News Sentinel United Press International September 18 1990 p 12 Retrieved January 15 2012 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 891 10 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 893 09 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 895 11 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 817 16 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 815 09 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 a b Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 827 14 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 27 killed by typhoon 12 missing Jiji Press Ticker Service September 20 1990 via Lexis Nexis subscription required via Lexis Nexis subscription required Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 830 06 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 887 12 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 746 06 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 759 18 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 761 05 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 765 13 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Japan cleans up after Typhoon Flo United Press International September 20 1990 via Lexis Nexis subscription required via Lexis Nexis subscription required Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 768 13 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 770 06 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 777 05 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 780 06 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 10 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 607 20 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 607 21 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 610 25 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 615 05 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 616 08 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 624 12 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 626 12 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 629 06 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 636 02 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 638 09 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 651 10 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 656 17 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 662 10 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Japan cleans up after Typhoon Flo United Press International September 19 1990 via Lexis Nexis subscription required Strong Typhoon Likely to Hit Shikoku or Kii Peninsula Japan Economic Newswire September 18 1990 via Lexis Nexis subscription required Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 670 10 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 575 08 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 582 11 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 584 07 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 588 08 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 590 12 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 595 07 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 604 22 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 605 07 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 417 08 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Asanobu Kitamoto 1990 426 03 Digital Typhoon Report National Institute of Informatics Retrieved July 9 2017 Ed Updating Casualty Figures 38 People Killed or Missing in Wake of Typhoon in Japan Japan Economic Newswire September 20 1990 via Lexis Nexis subscription required 15 Dead Seven Missing as Typhoon Flo Hits Western Japan Associated Press September 20 1990 via Lexis Nexis subscription required Hong KP September 20 1990 Typhoon Moves Out to Sea After Leaving 38 Dead in Japan Associated Press via Lexis Nexis subscription required Typhoon Hits Land in Wakayama Pref at 8 P M Japan Economic Newswire September 19 1990 via Lexis Nexis subscription required External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typhoon Flo 1990 Digital Typhoon Typhoon199019 FLO National Institute of InformaticsA Numerical Study of Typhoon Flo Archived 2011 07 22 at the Wayback Machine Weather Underground tracking Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Typhoon Flo 1990 amp oldid 1119001326, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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