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Visnaga daucoides

January 01, 1970

Visnaga daucoides is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by many common names, including toothpick-plant,[1] toothpickweed,[2] bisnaga, khella, or sometimes bishop's weed. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but it can be found throughout the world as an introduced species.[3]

Visnaga daucoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Visnaga
Species:
V. daucoides
Binomial name
Visnaga daucoides
Gaertn.
Synonyms
List
  • Ammi dilatatum St.-Lag.
  • Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.
  • Apium visnaga (L.) Crantz
  • Carum visnaga (L.) Koso-Pol.
  • Daucus laevis Salisb.
  • Daucus visnaga L.
  • Selinum visnaga (L.) E.H.L.Krause
  • Sium visnaga (L.) Stokes
  • Visnaga vera Raf.

Description edit

This is an erect annual plant growing from a taproot to a maximum height near 80 centimeters (31 in). The leaves are up to 20 centimeters (7.9 in) long and generally oval to triangular in shape but dissected into many small linear to lance-shaped segments. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of white flowers similar to those of other Apiaceae species. The fruit is a compressed oval-shaped body less than 3 millimeters long. This species is a source of khellin, a diuretic extract.

Like its close relative Ammi majus, Visnaga daucoides is commonly seen in gardens where it is grown from seed annually.[4]

Some authorities regard Visnaga daucoides as a synonym of Ammi visnaga; and it is still widely referenced under that name.[5]

Traditional medicine edit

In Egypt, a tea made from the fruit of this species has been used as a herbal remedy for kidney stones.[6]

Preparations of the fruits have also been used for angina pectoris therapy.[7]

Laboratory research edit

Laboratory rat studies show that the extract slows the buildup of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys and acts as a diuretic.[8][9] Its clinical effects in humans are unknown.

Chemical constituents edit

Khellin, a chemical compound obtained from Visnaga daucoides, was used at one time as a smooth muscle relaxant, but its use is now limited due to adverse side effects.[10] Amiodarone and cromoglycate are synthetic derivatives of khellin with fewer side effects which were developed for use in modern medicine.[medical citation needed]

Visnagin is another chemical compound found in Visnaga daucoides, which is toxic if ingested in the pure state.[11] Visnadine is a natural vasodilator found in Visnaga daucoides.

References edit

  1. ^ (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ammi visnaga". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  3. ^ "Visnaga daucoides Gaertn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  4. ^ "Growing Ammi visnaga and Ammi majus from seed". higgledygarden.com. 2015-01-07. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  5. ^ "Visnaga daucoides". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
  6. ^ Azim Khan, Muhammad (2014). "Phytochemistry and Medicinal Properties of Ammi Visnaga". Pak. J. Bot. 46 (3): 861–867.
  7. ^ Waltenberger, B; Mocan, A; Šmejkal, K; Heiss, EH; Atanasov, AG (2016). "Natural Products to Counteract the Epidemic of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders". Molecules. 55 (6): 555. doi:10.3390/molecules21060807. PMC 4928700. PMID 27338339.
  8. ^ Vanachayangkul, P.; et al. (2010). "An aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga fruits and its constituents khellin and visnagin prevent cell damage caused by oxalate in renal epithelial cells". Phytomedicine. 17 (8): 653–58. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.011. PMC 3618668. PMID 20036111.
  9. ^ Khan, Z. A.; et al. (2001). "Inhibition of oxalate nephrolithiasis with Ammi visnaga (AI-Khillah)". International Urology and Nephrology. 33 (4): 605–8. doi:10.1023/A:1020526517097. PMID 12452606. S2CID 12832121.
  10. ^ Ziment, I (1998). "How your patients may be using herbalism to treat their asthma - Herbal products are becoming increasingly popular for treating a variety of medical complaints - including asthma. What are these". Journal of Respiratory Diseases. 19 (12): 1070–83.
  11. ^ Lee, J. K.; et al. (November 2010). "Anti-inflammatory effect of visnagin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells". Archives of Pharmacal Research. 33 (11): 1843–50. doi:10.1007/s12272-010-1117-1. PMID 21116788. S2CID 22168754.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Visnaga daucoides.

January 01, 1970
visnaga, daucoides, species, flowering, plant, carrot, family, known, many, common, names, including, toothpick, plant, toothpickweed, bisnaga, khella, sometimes, bishop, weed, native, europe, asia, north, africa, found, throughout, world, introduced, species,. Visnaga daucoides is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by many common names including toothpick plant 1 toothpickweed 2 bisnaga khella or sometimes bishop s weed It is native to Europe Asia and North Africa but it can be found throughout the world as an introduced species 3 Visnaga daucoides Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Apiales Family Apiaceae Genus Visnaga Species V daucoides Binomial name Visnaga daucoidesGaertn Synonyms ListAmmi dilatatum St Lag Ammi visnaga L Lam Apium visnaga L Crantz Carum visnaga L Koso Pol Daucus laevis Salisb Daucus visnaga L Selinum visnaga L E H L Krause Sium visnaga L Stokes Visnaga vera Raf Contents 1 Description 2 Traditional medicine 3 Laboratory research 4 Chemical constituents 5 References 6 External linksDescription editThis is an erect annual plant growing from a taproot to a maximum height near 80 centimeters 31 in The leaves are up to 20 centimeters 7 9 in long and generally oval to triangular in shape but dissected into many small linear to lance shaped segments The inflorescence is a compound umbel of white flowers similar to those of other Apiaceae species The fruit is a compressed oval shaped body less than 3 millimeters long This species is a source of khellin a diuretic extract Like its close relative Ammi majus Visnaga daucoides is commonly seen in gardens where it is grown from seed annually 4 Some authorities regard Visnaga daucoides as a synonym of Ammi visnaga and it is still widely referenced under that name 5 Traditional medicine editIn Egypt a tea made from the fruit of this species has been used as a herbal remedy for kidney stones 6 Preparations of the fruits have also been used for angina pectoris therapy 7 Laboratory research editLaboratory rat studies show that the extract slows the buildup of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys and acts as a diuretic 8 9 Its clinical effects in humans are unknown Chemical constituents editKhellin a chemical compound obtained from Visnaga daucoides was used at one time as a smooth muscle relaxant but its use is now limited due to adverse side effects 10 Amiodarone and cromoglycate are synthetic derivatives of khellin with fewer side effects which were developed for use in modern medicine medical citation needed Visnagin is another chemical compound found in Visnaga daucoides which is toxic if ingested in the pure state 11 Visnadine is a natural vasodilator found in Visnaga daucoides References edit BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 USDA NRCS n d Ammi visnaga The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 8 January 2016 Visnaga daucoides Gaertn Plants of the World Online Kew Science Plants of the World Online Retrieved 2022 07 06 Growing Ammi visnaga and Ammi majus from seed higgledygarden com 2015 01 07 Retrieved 12 January 2018 Visnaga daucoides Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Azim Khan Muhammad 2014 Phytochemistry and Medicinal Properties of Ammi Visnaga Pak J Bot 46 3 861 867 Waltenberger B Mocan A Smejkal K Heiss EH Atanasov AG 2016 Natural Products to Counteract the Epidemic of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Molecules 55 6 555 doi 10 3390 molecules21060807 PMC 4928700 PMID 27338339 Vanachayangkul P et al 2010 An aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga fruits and its constituents khellin and visnagin prevent cell damage caused by oxalate in renal epithelial cells Phytomedicine 17 8 653 58 doi 10 1016 j phymed 2009 10 011 PMC 3618668 PMID 20036111 Khan Z A et al 2001 Inhibition of oxalate nephrolithiasis with Ammi visnaga AI Khillah International Urology and Nephrology 33 4 605 8 doi 10 1023 A 1020526517097 PMID 12452606 S2CID 12832121 Ziment I 1998 How your patients may be using herbalism to treat their asthma Herbal products are becoming increasingly popular for treating a variety of medical complaints including asthma What are these Journal of Respiratory Diseases 19 12 1070 83 Lee J K et al November 2010 Anti inflammatory effect of visnagin in lipopolysaccharide stimulated BV 2 microglial cells Archives of Pharmacal Research 33 11 1843 50 doi 10 1007 s12272 010 1117 1 PMID 21116788 S2CID 22168754 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Visnaga daucoides Jepson Manual Treatment Visnaga daucoides Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Photo gallery Botanical drawing Fructus Ammi Visnagae WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants Volume 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Visnaga daucoides amp oldid 1162949230, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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