A tombolo is a sandy or shingle isthmus. A tombolo, from the Italiantombolo, meaning 'pillow' or 'cushion', and sometimes translated incorrectly as ayre (an ayre is a shingle beach of any kind), is a depositionlandform by which an island becomes attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar.[1] Once attached, the island is then known as a tied island.
Tombolo near Karystos, Euboea, GreeceTombolo contrasted with other coastal landforms.
Several islands tied together by bars which rise above the water level are called a tombolo cluster.[2] Two or more tombolos may form an enclosure (called a lagoon) that can eventually fill with sediment.
The shoreline moves toward the island (or detached breakwater) due to accretion of sand in the lee of the island, where wave energy and longshore drift are reduced and therefore deposition of sand occurs.
Wave diffraction and refractionedit
True tombolos are formed by wave refraction and diffraction. As waves near an island, they are slowed by the shallow water surrounding it. These waves then bend around the island to the opposite side as they approach. The wave pattern created by this water movement causes a convergence of longshore drift on the opposite side of the island. The beach sediments that are moving by lateral transport on the lee side of the island will accumulate there, conforming to the shape of the wave pattern. In other words, the waves sweep sediment together from both sides. Eventually, when enough sediment has built up, the beach shoreline, known as a spit, will connect with an island and form a tombolo.[3]
Unidirectional longshore driftedit
In the case of longshore drift due to an oblique wave direction, like at Chesil Beach or Spurn Head, the flow of material is along the coast in a movement which is not determined by wave diffraction around the now tied island, such as the Isle of Portland, which it has reached. In this and similar cases like Cádiz, while the strip of beach material connected to the island may be technically called a tombolo because it links the island to the land, it is better thought of in terms of its formation as a spit, because the sand or shingle ridge is parallel rather than at right angles to the coast.
Morphology and sediment distributionedit
Tombolos demonstrate the sensitivity of shorelines. A small piece of land, such as an island, or a beached shipwreck can change the way that waves move, leading to different deposition of sediments. Sea level rise may also contribute to accretion, as material is pushed up with rising sea levels. Tombolos are more prone to natural fluctuations of profile and area as a result of tidal and weather events than a normal beach is. Because of this susceptibility to weathering, tombolos are sometimes made more sturdy through the construction of roads or parking lots. The sediments that make up a tombolo are coarser towards the bottom and finer towards the surface. It is easy to see this pattern when the waves are destructive and wash away finer grained material at the top, revealing coarser sands and cobbles as the base.
^De Mahiques, Michel Michaelovitch (2016). "Tombolo". Encyclopedia of Estuaries. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. pp. 713–714. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_349. ISBN978-94-017-8800-7. from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2021-04-05.
^Glossary of Geology and Related Sciences. The American Geological Institute, 1957
^Easterbrook, Don T. (1999). Surface Processes and Landforms (Second ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN0-13-860958-6.
^Neal, William; Orrin H. Pilkey; Joseph T. Kelley (2007). Atlantic Coast Beaches: A Guide to Ripples, Dunes, and Other Natural Features of the Seashore. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Company. p. 272. ISBN978-0-87842-534-1.
^Venancio, Kelly Kawai; Garcia, Patrícia Dalsoglio; Gireli, Tiago Zenker; Corrêa, Thiago Bezerra (2020). "Hydrodynamic modeling with scenario approach in the evaluation of dredging impacts on coastal erosion in Santos (Brazil)". Ocean & Coastal Management. 195: 105227. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105227. S2CID 225314966 – via ResearchGate.
^Owens, Edward H. (1982). Beaches and Coastal Geology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. pp. 838–839. doi:10.1007/0-387-30843-1_474. ISBN978-0-87933-213-6. from the original on 2022-03-22. Retrieved 2021-04-05.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tombolos.
Geology.About.com's page on tombolos (useful for its descriptive photograph)
Tombolo in Sainte-Marie, Martinique (useful for its photos and description)
January 09, 2024
tombolo, italian, town, veneto, tombolo, sandy, shingle, isthmus, tombolo, from, italian, tombolo, meaning, pillow, cushion, sometimes, translated, incorrectly, ayre, ayre, shingle, beach, kind, deposition, landform, which, island, becomes, attached, mainland,. For the Italian town see Tombolo Veneto A tombolo is a sandy or shingle isthmus A tombolo from the Italian tombolo meaning pillow or cushion and sometimes translated incorrectly as ayre an ayre is a shingle beach of any kind is a deposition landform by which an island becomes attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar 1 Once attached the island is then known as a tied island Tombolo near Karystos Euboea GreeceTombolo contrasted with other coastal landforms Several islands tied together by bars which rise above the water level are called a tombolo cluster 2 Two or more tombolos may form an enclosure called a lagoon that can eventually fill with sediment Contents 1 Formation 1 1 Wave diffraction and refraction 1 2 Unidirectional longshore drift 2 Morphology and sediment distribution 3 Examples 3 1 Image gallery 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksFormation editThe shoreline moves toward the island or detached breakwater due to accretion of sand in the lee of the island where wave energy and longshore drift are reduced and therefore deposition of sand occurs Wave diffraction and refraction edit True tombolos are formed by wave refraction and diffraction As waves near an island they are slowed by the shallow water surrounding it These waves then bend around the island to the opposite side as they approach The wave pattern created by this water movement causes a convergence of longshore drift on the opposite side of the island The beach sediments that are moving by lateral transport on the lee side of the island will accumulate there conforming to the shape of the wave pattern In other words the waves sweep sediment together from both sides Eventually when enough sediment has built up the beach shoreline known as a spit will connect with an island and form a tombolo 3 Unidirectional longshore drift edit In the case of longshore drift due to an oblique wave direction like at Chesil Beach or Spurn Head the flow of material is along the coast in a movement which is not determined by wave diffraction around the now tied island such as the Isle of Portland which it has reached In this and similar cases like Cadiz while the strip of beach material connected to the island may be technically called a tombolo because it links the island to the land it is better thought of in terms of its formation as a spit because the sand or shingle ridge is parallel rather than at right angles to the coast Morphology and sediment distribution editTombolos demonstrate the sensitivity of shorelines A small piece of land such as an island or a beached shipwreck can change the way that waves move leading to different deposition of sediments Sea level rise may also contribute to accretion as material is pushed up with rising sea levels Tombolos are more prone to natural fluctuations of profile and area as a result of tidal and weather events than a normal beach is Because of this susceptibility to weathering tombolos are sometimes made more sturdy through the construction of roads or parking lots The sediments that make up a tombolo are coarser towards the bottom and finer towards the surface It is easy to see this pattern when the waves are destructive and wash away finer grained material at the top revealing coarser sands and cobbles as the base Examples editAdam s Bridge until 1480 between India and Sri Lanka Aupōuri Peninsula New Zealand Barrenjoey Headland Pittwater New South Wales Australia Beavertail Point Conanicut Island Rhode Island United States Bennett Island De Long Group Russia Biddeford Pool Maine United States 4 Bijia Mountain China Broulee Island New South Wales Australia Bruny Island Tasmania Australia Burgh Island Devon England Cadiz Andalucia Spain Chausey Manche departement France two features connecting the main island and two smaller outcrops Chappaquiddick Island Martha s Vineyard Massachusetts United States Charles Island Connecticut United States Chesil Beach Portland Dorset England Cheung Chau Hong Kong Crimea Ukraine Eaglehawk Neck Tasmania Australia S Espalmador Formentera Spain Fingal Bay New South Wales Australia The Rock of Gibraltar Grand Island National Recreation Area Michigan United States Gugh St Agnes Isles of Scilly England Gwadar Pakistan Hakodate Hokkaido Japan Howth Head Dublin Ireland Inishkeel Island Narin Ireland Kapidag Peninsula Balikesir Turkey Knappelskar Nynashamn Sweden Konet Island Kuala Sungai Baru Malacca Malaysia Kurnell Sydney New South Wales Australia Lake Pomorie Bulgaria Langness Derbyhaven Isle of Man Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain Little Heart s Ease Newfoundland and Labrador beach Newfoundland Canada Llandudno North Wales Louds Island at Muscongus Bay Maine United States Maharees Dingle Peninsula Ireland Mare Island Vallejo California United States Maria Island Tasmania Maury Island Washington United States McMicken Island State Park Washington United States Miquelon Saint Pierre and Miquelon France Monemvasia Laconia Peloponnese Greece Monte Argentario Tuscany Italy Mont Saint Michel Normandy France Moses Pass Whale Tail Ballena National Marine Park Uvita Costa Rica Mount Maunganui New Zealand Mount Taipingot Rota Northern Marianas Nahant Massachusetts United States a natural tombolo but connected to the mainland by a causeway Nissi beach Ayia Napa Cyprus Ormara Pakistan Palisadoes Kingston Jamaica Peniche Portugal Peniscola Castellon Spain Porchat Island Itarare Beach Sao Vicente Brazil 5 6 Presqu ile Provincial Park Ontario Canada Presque Isle Michigan United States Presqu ile de Giens Hyeres France Quiberon France Ras Hafun Somalia Sainte Marie Martinique France Scotts Head Dominica Shaman s Island Douglas Alaska United States Sharp Island Sai Kung District Hong Kong Silver Strand San Diego Coronado California United States St Michael s Mount Cornwall England St Ninian s Isle Shetland Islands Scotland Sveti Stefan near Budva Montenegro Tam Hai Quang Nam province Vietnam University Beach Ward Island Corpus Christi Texas United States Uummannaq in North Star Bay Greenland Vatersay Scotland the island comprises two sections connected by a broad tombolo Zhifu Island Yantai China Some of these may be simple isthmuses and not have the deposition creation that defines a true tombolo 7 Image gallery edit nbsp The tombolo connecting St Ninian s Isle with the Shetland Mainland nbsp Monte Argentario Tuscany Italy nbsp Chesil Beach seen from the Isle of Portland looking towards mainland Dorset nbsp The Angel Road of Shōdoshima Japan nbsp Looking south from the summit of Mount Maunganui New Zealand to the city of Tauranga nbsp The eastern end of Bennett Island with its glaciated tombolo in the background nbsp Satellite view of Gwadar Pakistan nbsp An aerial photo of the isthmus of Sutton which connects Howth Head and County DublinSee also edit nbsp Geography portal nbsp Islands portalAyre landform Bar Causeway Cuspate foreland Isthmus Tied island ShoalReferences edit De Mahiques Michel Michaelovitch 2016 Tombolo Encyclopedia of Estuaries Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series pp 713 714 doi 10 1007 978 94 017 8801 4 349 ISBN 978 94 017 8800 7 Archived from the original on 2021 06 14 Retrieved 2021 04 05 Glossary of Geology and Related Sciences The American Geological Institute 1957 Easterbrook Don T 1999 Surface Processes and Landforms Second ed Prentice Hall ISBN 0 13 860958 6 Neal William Orrin H Pilkey Joseph T Kelley 2007 Atlantic Coast Beaches A Guide to Ripples Dunes and Other Natural Features of the Seashore Missoula MT Mountain Press Publishing Company p 272 ISBN 978 0 87842 534 1 Venancio Kelly Kawai Garcia Patricia Dalsoglio Gireli Tiago Zenker Correa Thiago Bezerra 2020 Hydrodynamic modeling with scenario approach in the evaluation of dredging impacts on coastal erosion in Santos Brazil Ocean amp Coastal Management 195 105227 doi 10 1016 j ocecoaman 2020 105227 S2CID 225314966 via ResearchGate Brazilian Beach Systems Coastal Research Library Vol 17 2016 doi 10 1007 978 3 319 30394 9 ISBN 978 3 319 30392 5 S2CID 133158096 Owens Edward H 1982 Beaches and Coastal Geology Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series pp 838 839 doi 10 1007 0 387 30843 1 474 ISBN 978 0 87933 213 6 Archived from the original on 2022 03 22 Retrieved 2021 04 05 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tombolos Geology About com s page on tombolos useful for its descriptive photograph Tombolo in Sainte Marie Martinique useful for its photos and description further reading on Detached breakwaters from Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee in Belgium further reading on coastal structures from Prof Leo van Rijn in Holland Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tombolo amp oldid 1190020991, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
