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Terrorism in France

March 10, 2023

Terrorism in France refers to the terrorist attacks that have targeted the country and its population during the 20th and 21st centuries. Terrorism, in this case is much related to the country's history, international affairs and political approach. Legislation has been set up by lawmakers to fight terrorism in France.

Site of the 2016 Nice truck attack, the following day

CBC News reported in December 2018 that the number of people killed in terrorist attacks in France since 2015 was 249, with the number of wounded at 928.[1] Within the European Union, France is the most affected country with recent data showcasing a total of 82 Islamist attacks and 332 deaths from 1979 to 2021.[2]

Terrorist incidents map of France 1970–2015. Paris, Corsica and Southwestern France are major places of incidents. A total of 2,616 incidents are plotted
Terrorism deaths in France recorded in the Global Terrorism Database. The spike in 2015 is over 6 times the previous maximum since 1970 and is indicated by a number off the scale.

History

Islamic terrorism

Main article: Islamic terrorism in Europe
This section is an excerpt from Islamic terrorism § France.[edit]

France had its first occurrences with religious extremism in the 1980s due to French involvement in the Lebanese Civil War. In the 1990s, a series of attacks on French soil were executed by the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA).

In the 1990–2010 time span, France experienced repeated attacks linked to international jihadist movements.[5] Le Monde reported on 26 July 2016 that "Islamist Terrorism" had caused 236 dead in France in the preceding 18-month period.[6]

In the 2015–2018 timespan in France, 249 people been killed in terrorist attacks and 928 wounded in a total of 22 terrorist attacks.[7]

The deadly attacks in 2015 in France changed the issue of Islamist radicalization from a security threat to also constitute a social problem. Prime minister François Hollande and prime minister Manuel Valls saw the fundamental values of the French republic being challenged and called them attacks against secular, enlightenment and democratic values along with "what makes us who we are".[5]

Although jihadists in the 2015-onward timeframe legitimized their attacks with a narrative of reprisal for France's participation in the international coalition fighting the Islamic State, Islamic terrorism in France has other, deeper and older causes. The main reasons France suffers frequent attacks are, in no particular order:[8]

  • France's secular domestic policies (Laïcité) which jihadists perceive to be hostile towards Islam. Also, France's status as an officially secular nation and jihadists label France as "the flagship of disbelief".[8]
  • France has a strong cultural tradition in comics, which in the context Muhammad cartoons is a question of freedom of expression.[9]
  • France has a large Muslim minority[9]
  • France's foreign policy towards Muslim countries and jihadist fronts. France is seen as the spearhead directed against jihadist groups in Africa, just as the United States is seen as the main force opposing jihadist groups elsewhere. France's former foreign policies such as that as its colonization of Muslim countries is also brought up in jihadist propaganda, for example, that the influence of French education, culture and political institutions had served to erase the Muslim identity of those colonies and their inhabitants.[10]
  • Jihadists consider France as a strong proponent of disbelief. For instance, Marianne, the national emblem of France, is considered as "a false idol" by jihadists and the French to be "idol worshippers". France also has no law against blasphemy and an anticlerical satirical press which is less respectful towards religion than that of the US or the United Kingdom. The French nation state is also perceived as an obstacle towards establishing a caliphate.[10]
In 2020 two Islamic terrorist attacks were foiled by authorities, bringing the total to 33 since 2017 according to Laurent Nuñez, the director of CNRLT, who declared that Sunni Islamist terrorism was a prioritised threat. Nuñez drew parallels between the three attacks of 2020 which all were attacks on "blasphemy and the will to avenge their prophet".[11]

Right-wing terrorism

This section is an excerpt from Right-wing terrorism § France.[edit]

France has a modern history of right-wing terrorism that dates back to the middle of the 20th century. Historically, right-wing terrorism was tied to rage over the loss of France's colonial possessions in Africa, particularly Algeria. In 1961, the Organisation armée secrète or OAS, a right-wing terrorist group that protested Algerian independence from France, launched a bomb attack on board a Strasbourg–Paris train which killed 28 people.[12]

On 14 December 1973, the far-right Charles Martel Group orchestrated a bomb attack at the Consulate of Algeria, killing 4 people and injuring 20.[13] The group targeted mostly Algerian targets several more times.

In the town of Toulon, a far-right extremist group called SOS-France existed. On 18 August 1986, four members were driving a car carrying explosives, apparently in an attempt to bomb the offices of SOS Racisme. However it exploded while they were still in it, killing all four of them.[14]

In more recent history, far-right extremism in France has been fueled by the rise of anti-immigrant far-right political movements. Neo-Nazi members of the French and European Nationalist Party were responsible for a pair of anti-immigrant terror bombings in 1988. Sonacotra hostels in Cagnes-sur-Mer and Cannes were bombed, killing Romanian immigrant George Iordachescu and injuring 16 people, mostly Tunisians. In an attempt to frame Jewish extremists for the Cagnes-sur-Mer bombing, the terrorists left leaflets bearing Stars of David and the name Masada at the scene, with the message "To destroy Israel, Islam has chosen the sword. For this choice, Islam will perish."[15]

On 28 May 2008, members of the neo-Nazi Nomad 88 group fired with machine guns at people from their car in Saint-Michel-sur-Orge.[16][17]

In the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo shooting, six mosques and a restaurant were attacked in acts deemed as right-wing terrorism by authorities.[18] The acts included grenade throwing, shooting, and use of an improvised explosive device.

List of significant terrorist incidents inside France

Main article: List of terrorist incidents in France
France
Date Sub Location Deaths Injuries Type Perpetrator Description of target and attack
15 September 1958   Paris 1 3 Small arms fire FLN (Algerian nationalists) – Government institutions
Several gunmen fire into the car of the French Minister of Information, Jacques Soustelle. The minister survives unharmed, however four bystanders are struck and one is killed.[19]
18 June 1961   Blacy, Marne 28 100+ Improvised Explosive Device Organisation armée secrète – Private citizens & property
A bomb attack on a Strasbourg–Paris train carried: it was the deadliest terrorist attack in modern French history until the November 2015 Paris attacks.[20]
14 December 1973   Marseille 4 20 Improvised Explosive Device Charles
Martel Group 		– Diplomatic (Algeria)
A man exits a car and throws a bomb into the compound of the Algerian Consulate; the subsequent explosion kills 4 and injures 20 more, 4 seriously.[21]
15 September 1974   Paris 2 34 Improvised Explosive Device PFLP (Palestinian nationalists) – Private Citizens & Property
A bomb explodes at the Drugstore Saint Germain, part of the fashionable circuit of restaurants and bars on Paris's Left Bank, killing two and injuring 34.[22]
24 October 1975   Paris 2 - Grenade & Small arms fire ASALA (Armenian nationalists) – Diplomatic (Turkish)
As İsmail Erez is returning from a reception – and as his vehicle approached the building of the Turkish Embassy in Paris – a group of 3–4 armed Armenian militants ambush the automobile, killing him and his driver Talip Yener.[23][24]
20 May 1978   Paris 4 3 Grenade & Small arms fire PFLP (Palestinian nationalists) – Airports & airlines
Three terrorists open fire on El Al passengers in the departure lounge. All three terrorists are killed, along with one policeman, and three French tourists are also injured.[25]
5 October 1978   Marseille 9 12 Small arms fire – Private citizens & property
At about 21:00 (UTC+1), three hooded men armed with sub machine guns enter a quiet neighborhood bar and shoot 21 patrons, killing nine. The attack at Le Telephone bar was likely related to organized crime, although none of the attackers were identified.[26]
23 December 1979   Paris 1 - Grenade & Small arms fire ASALA (Armenian nationalists) – Diplomatic (Turkish)
A gunman fires an automatic weapon amid crowds of Christmas shoppers, killing the director of the Turkish National Tourist Office, Yilmaz Colton, in Paris. The director was struck by three bullets while walking along the Champs-Élysées.[27]
28 January 1980   Paris 1 8 Improvised Explosive Device   – Diplomatic (Syrian)
A bomb blast destroys the ground floor of the Syrian Embassy, killing one and injuring 8 others. Three of those injured were in a serious condition, including a pregnant woman. The attack happened 2 hours before the arrival of then Foreign Minister of Syria, Abdel Halim Khaddam, in France.[28]
17 July 1980   Paris 2 4 Small arms fire Guards of Islam
(Iranian agents) 		– Government institutions (Shah of Iran)
Former Iranian Prime Minister Shahpour Bakhtiar escapes an assassination attempt in which a French policeman and a female neighbour are killed. Four other officers were wounded, one seriously. Allegedly posing as reporters, a trio of gunmen attempted to enter the exiled leader's apartment in Neuilly, a suburb of Paris. A police guard at an armored door to the residence resisted and a gunfight took place.[29][30]
29 July 1980   Lyon 2 11 Small arms fire ASALA (Armenian nationalists) – Diplomatic (Turkish)
Two gunmen storm the Turkish Consulate General in Lyon. The gunmen are unable to locate the Turkish consul general and open fire on the waiting area, killing two people and wounding eleven others, two seriously.[31]
3 October 1980   Paris 4 40 Improvised Explosive Device - – Religious figures & institutions
A bomb went off outside the Union Libérale Israélite de France synagogue on Rue Copernic. The bomb had been hidden in the saddlebags of a motorcycle parked outside the synagogue on the eve of Simchat Torah. The explosion happened shortly before the end of services, however one of those killed were members of the congregation. French police initially suspected that the attack had been carried out by neo-Nazis, but later attributed it to the PFLP or one of its offshoots.[32][33][34][35]
See also: 1980 Paris synagogue bombing
25 November 1980   Paris 2 1 Small arms fire - – Private citizens & property
An unknown gunman murders the Jewish owners of a Paris travel agency that specialized in tours to Israel. The assailant walked into the office of IT-Tours and fired from an automatic pistol, fatally wounding Edwin Douek, the proprietor. His wife, Michele, was killed instantly and a clerk was slightly wounded. Edwin Douek died of his wounds later in a hospital.[36]
4 March 1981   Paris 2 1 Small arms fire ASALA (Armenian nationalists) – Diplomatic (Turkish)
Two gunmen open fire on Turkish Labour Attache, Resat Morali, and the Religious Affairs Officer in the Turkish Embassy, Tecelli Ari. Both are killed.[37]
24 September 1981   Paris 1 2 Small arms fire – Hostage taking

(2 days)

ASALA (Armenian nationalists) – Diplomatic (Turkish)
At about 11:30 CET, four members of Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia took over the consulate killing a Turkish guard, wounding the Turkish Consul and taking 56 people hostage, including 8 women and a 3-year-old child.
Shortly after midnight, the militants' leader started the negotiations that led to the end of the ordeal at about 2 a.m. He was promised by French authorities that the four militants would receive political asylum. The next day, however, the French Government issued a statement saying that the men would have to stand trial on charges growing out of the assault, including the death of a Turkish guard.[38]
See also: 1981 Turkish consulate attack in Paris
29 March 1982   Ambazac 5 27 Improvised Explosive Device Carlos the Jackal – Transport
A explosion on a Paris-Toulouse express train kills five passengers and injures 27 near Ambazac. The blast in the baggage compartment of the Capitole Express was caused by several pounds of extremely powerful explosives, intentionally planted. In 2011 Carlos the Jackal was tried for involvement in the attack and was subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison.[39][40]
22 April 1982   Paris 1 47 Car bomb Carlos the Jackal – Political
A powerful car bomb detonates in a crowded street in central Paris during the morning rush hour, killing a young woman and injuring 46 people. The apparent target are the offices of the Libyan newspaper Al-Watan al-Arabi. In 2011 Carlos the Jackal is tried for involvement in the attacks and is subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison.[40][41]
9 August 1982   Paris 6 22 Grenade & Small arms fire Abu Nidal Organization – Private Citizens & Property
Two assailants throw grenades into the dining room of the Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant and fire machine guns at the patrons. Six people die, including two American tourists, and 22 others are wounded in the attack on the Jewish restaurant in Paris's Marais district.[42][43]
See also: Goldenberg restaurant attack
21 August 1982   Paris 1 2 Improvised Explosive Device - – Diplomatic (United States)
A bomb, that police said was intended to target a United States diplomat, explodes on a luxurious residential street on the Left Bank near the Eiffel Tower, killing a bomb disposal expert and wounding two others. The bomb had been planted under the vehicle of Roderick Grant, commercial counselor at the United States Embassy in Paris.[44]
28 February 1983   Paris 1 4 Improvised Explosive Device ASALA (Armenian nationalists) – Private Citizens & Property
A bomb detonates at the Turkish-owned Marmara Voyages tourism agency in central Paris, killing one female employee and injuring four others. The blast reportedly caused the roof of the offices to collapse.[45][46]
15 July 1983   Paris 8 55 Improvised Explosive Device ASALA (Armenian nationalists) – Airports & airlines
A bomb explodes inside a suitcase at the Turkish Airlines check-in desk in the south terminal of the Orly Airport, sending flames through the crowd of passengers checking in for a flight to Istanbul. The bomb consisted of a half kilo of Semtex explosive connected to three portable gas bottles, which caused extensive burns on the victims. Three people were killed immediately in the blast and another five died in hospital. Four of the victims were French, two were Turkish, one was American, and one was Swedish.[47][48][49]
Main article: 1983 Orly Airport attack
5 August 1983   Avignon 7 – Small arms fire – Private citizens & property
At approximately 4:00 (UTC+1), two gunmen shoot to dead seven people at a Sofitel Hotel in a popular holiday town. The victims include the French consul-general for Saarbrücken in West Germany, Lucien Andre. Three other hotel guests and three employees of Sofitel were also killed after apparently being rounded up and ushered into a hotel room.[50]
1 October 1983   Marseille 1 26 Improvised Explosive Device ASALA (Armenian nationalists) – Private Citizens & Property
One man is killed and 26 people injured when multiple bombs destroyed the American, Soviet and Algerian pavilions at an international trade fair in Marseille. An Armenian guerrilla group took responsibility for the attack in a telephone call to the police. However then Interior Minister, Gaston Defferre, later stated that the far rightist Charles Martel Group had also taken responsibility for the blast.[51]
31 December 1983   Marseille 5 58+ Improvised Explosive Device Carlos the Jackal – Transport
A bomb explodes in the two first-class cars of an AGV locomotive as it heads north toward Paris, from the Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles. Although the train was travelling at about 160 kilometres per hour, it does not derail. Rescue workers find 2 passengers dead and 20 wounded, 5 of them seriously.
Half an hour later a second bomb explodes in the baggage checkroom of the main hall at the Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles, killing 2 people and wounding at least 38. In 2011 Carlos the Jackal is tried for involvement in the attacks and is subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison.[40][52][53]
7 February 1984   Paris 2 1 Small arms fire Hezbollah & Islamic Jihad – Government institutions (Shah of Iran)
Gholam Ali Oveisi, a four-star general under Iran's late shah, and his brother, an ex-colonel, are killed by gunmen in central Paris. Their driver is also wounded.[54][55]
8 February 1984   Paris 1 – Small arms fire Abu Nidal Organization – Diplomatic (Emirati)
A lone gunman shoots and kills the United Arab Emirates' ambassador to France outside the diplomat's Paris home. Khalifa Ahmed Abdel Aziz al-Mubarak is killed in a district of Paris nearby the Eiffel tower.[56]
25 January 1985   Paris 1 – Small arms fire Action Directe – Government institutions
General René Audran, a senior official of the French Ministry of Defence, is shot to dead in front of his residence at La Celle-Saint-Cloud.[57]
23 February 1985   Paris 1 15 Improvised Explosive Device – – Private Citizens & Property
A bomb explodes at an entrance to the Paris branch of the British-owned department store Marks & Spencer as it opened for business, killing a man and wounding 15 other people. Telephone calls claiming responsibility were received from the Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance, an outlawed group seeking the independence of France's Caribbean territories; and from Direct Action, a left-wing extremist group that had announced its fusion with the Red Army Faction terrorists of Germany.[58]
3 March 1985   Paris 4 – Small arms fire – – Government institutions (Foreign: Khmer Rouge)
Try Meng Huot – a doctor in chemistry who had been a lecturer at the University of Paris before he became a Khmer Rouge leader – is killed in his Parisian apartment alongside his wife and another unidentified couple.[59]
20 March 1986   Paris 2 28 Improvised Explosive Device CSPPA (Lebanese faction) – Private Citizens & Property
A bomb explodes in a packed mall of luxury boutiques on the Champs-Elysees, killing 2 people and wounding 28. A second bomb, found on a metro train, was defused by police demolition experts before it could explode. A terrorist organization calling itself the Committee of Solidarity With Arab and Middle Eastern Political Prisoners asserted responsibility for the attack in a handwritten letter sent to the Beirut office of a Western news agency.[60][61]
25 April 1986   Lyon 1 – Small arms fire – – Business
Kenneth Marston, director of a French subsidiary of Black & Decker, is shot to death outside his home.[62]
9 September 1986   Paris 1 18 Improvised Explosive Device CSPPA (Lebanese faction) – Government institutions
A bomb explodes inside the post office of the Hôtel de Ville, killing one person and wounding 18 others. The dead man is identified as Marguerite Thuault, an employee of the post office.[63][64]
15 September 1986   Paris 1 51 Improvised Explosive Device CSPPA (Lebanese faction) – Government institutions
A bomb explodes inside the Parisian police headquarters, killing one person and wounding 51 others, two seriously.[63]
17 September 1986   Paris 5 50+ Improvised Explosive Device CSPPA (Lebanese faction) – Private Citizens & Property
A bomb thrown from a passing car explodes in front of a Tati department store on the Left Bank, killing at least 5 people and wounding about 50. The blast, which occurred about 17:30, destroyed the entire front of the seven-story building on the rue de Rennes.[65]
18 October 1986   Toulon 4 – Car bomb – –
A car explodes in the seafront market place at Toulon, killing the four occupants and setting fire to a nearby building. The police said it may have been carrying explosives in preparation for a bomb attack.[66]
17 November 1986   Paris 1 – Small arms fire Action Directe – Business
A man and woman firing from a motorcycle kill the head of the French auto-maker Renault. Georges Besse is struck down by gunfire as he exited from his car, unaccompanied by bodyguards. He had been appointed chairman of the company in January 1985.[67]
19 December 1988   Cagnes sur Mer 1 12 Improvised Explosive Device French and European Nationalist Party – Private Citizens & Property
At 3:00 (UTC+1), two homemade bombs explode at a crowded hostel for mostly North African immigrant workers, killing a Romanian national and wounding at least 12 others. The first blast destroyed a number of vehicles on the street, and following this a second blast, under the main stairwell of the building, destroyed the corridor into which many residents had come to check the first blast.[68][69]
5 October 1994   Paris 4 6 Small arms fire – Hostage taking – – Government institutions
Three police officers and a taxi driver are killed, and six other people – including two more officers – are wounded in separate shoot outs with two masked gunmen in Paris. The pair broke into a Paris police station to steal fire arms, then took a taxi driver hostage and forced him to drive them to the Bois de Vincennes park on the outskirts of Paris, where the final shoot out took place.[70]
25 July 1995   Paris 8 150 Improvised explosive device GIA
(Islamists) 		– Transport
Eight people are killed and 150 wounded in an explosion of a gas canister packed with nails and bolts on a Paris regional train at the Gare de Saint-Michel-Notre-Dame rail station. The bombing was claimed by the Armed Islamic Group as reprisals for French support for Algeria's army-backed government.[71][72]
3 December 1996   Paris 3 85 Improvised explosive device GIA
(Islamists) 		– Transport
A blast at 18:03 CET rips open the doors of a train on the southbound track of the Port Royal station of the regional express network on the Left Bank, scattering the wounded – totaling over 85 – over the platform. Three people succumb to injuries caused by the bomb made from a 28-pound camping gas canister filled with nails.[73][74]
19 April 2000   Plévin 1 – Improvised explosive device – – Private Citizens & Property
A bomb explodes beside a McDonald's in a small town in Brittany, killing a restaurant worker. The explosion, in the Dinan area, happens at about 10:00 CET, near the restaurant's drive-through window.[75]
6 December 2007   Paris 1 4 Improvised explosive device – – Private Citizens & Property
A parcel bomb explodes at a legal office in central Paris killing a secretary and seriously injuring a lawyer. Several other people were lightly hurt in the unclaimed blast shortly before 13:00 CET on the fourth floor of a building in the capital's fashionable eighth arrondissement or district.[76]
15 March 2012   Montauban 2 1 Small arms fire Mohammed Merah (Islamist) – Government institutions
At around 14:00 CET, two uniformed soldiers were killed and a third was seriously injured outside a shopping centre in Montauban, while withdrawing money from a cash machine. They were all from the 17th Parachute Engineer Regiment (17e Régiment du génie parachutiste), whose barracks are close to the town. Corporal Abel Chennouf, 24, and Private Mohamed Legouad, 23, both of North African origin, were killed. Corporal Loïc Liber, 28, from Guadeloupe, was left in a coma.[77][78]
See also: Toulouse and Montauban shootings
19 March 2012   Toulouse 5
(one perp.) 		1 Small arms fire Mohammed Merah (Islamist) – Religious figures & institutions
At about 8:00 CET, a man drove up to the Ozar Hatorah school on a motorcycle. He dismounted, and immediately opened fire toward the schoolyard. Four people died: 30-year-old Rabbi Jonathan (Yonatan) Sandler; his two oldest (out of three) children Aryeh, aged 6, and Gabriel, aged 3; and the head teacher's daughter, eight-year-old Miriam Monsonego, the girl shot in the head. Bryan Bijaoui, a 17-year-old Jewish boy, was gravely injured.[79][80][81]
See also: Toulouse and Montauban shootings
7 January 2015   Paris 14
(2 perps.) 		11 Small arms fire Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula – Private Citizens & Property
At about 11:30 CET, two militants armed with assault rifles and other weapons forced their way into the offices of the French satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris. They fired up to 50 shots, initially killing 11 people and injuring 11 others, and shouted "Allahu Akbar" (Arabic for "God is [the] greatest") during their attack.
Main articles: Charlie Hebdo shooting and January 2015 Île-de-France attacks
9 January 2015   Paris 5
(one perp.) 		9 Small arms fire – hostage taking
(1 day) 		Amedy Coulibaly (Islamist) – Private Citizens & Property
At about 1:00 CET, an Islamist militant who pledged allegiance to Islamic State, enters the Hypercacher kosher superette in Porte de Vincennes and takes up to 20 Jewish patrons hostage. Four Jewish hostages die and held fifteen others are held during a siege in which Coulibaly demands that the two militants responsible for the attack on the satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo not be harmed.
Main articles: Porte de Vincennes siege and January 2015 Île-de-France attacks
26 June 2015   Saint-Quentin-Fallavier 1 2 Bladed weapon & Improvised Explosive Device Yassine Salhi (Islamist) – Private Citizens & Property
At about 9:30 CEST, a suspected Islamic militant decapitates a man and drives a company van into gas cylinders at an Air Products' gas factory near Lyon. The attacker placed the head of a victim on a fence railing, and planted two Jihadist flag banners alongside it. Video surveillance footage showed that the perpetrator also tried to ignite several canisters containing flammable chemicals.
Main article: Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack
21 August 2015   Oignies 0 5 Small arms, bladed weapons Ayoub El Khazzani (Islamist) – Transport
At about 17:45 CEST, a 26-year-old Moroccan national carrying a Draco automatic rifle, magazines containing 300 rounds, a semi-automatic Luger pistol, and a box cutter, opened fire on a Thalys train traveling from Amsterdam to Paris. The gunman was attacked and subdued by seven men (four Americans, including an ex-pat, a Frenchman, an American-French citizen and a Briton), who beat him unconscious. The train was diverted to Arras where the man was arrested and identified, and two victims treated. The man had been previously flagged with an "S" card, France's warning alert for someone believed to be a national security risk.[82]
Main article: 2015 Thalys train attack
13 November 2015   Paris, Saint-Denis 130 (+7) 368 AK-47 assault rifles, hand grenades, various explosives, suicide vests Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Private Citizens & Property
On the evening of 13 November 2015, a series of coordinated terrorist attacks comprising mass shootings and suicide bombings occurred in Paris and Saint-Denis, France. Beginning at 21:16 CET,[83] three separate explosions and six mass shootings occurred, including bombings near the Stade de France in the northern suburb of Saint-Denis.[83][84] The deadliest attack was at the Bataclan theatre where attackers took hostages and engaged in a standoff with police until it was ended at 00:58 CET 14 November 2015. 130 civilians were killed in the attacks.
Main article: November 2015 Paris attacks
14 July 2016   Nice 86 (+1) 434 Vehicular attack Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Private Citizens & Property
On the evening of 14 July 2016, a vehicle-ramming attack took place in Nice, France when a man deliberately drove a cargo truck into a crowd of people celebrating Bastille Day on the Promenade des Anglais. 86 people were killed and 434 others were injured.
Main article: 2016 Nice truck attack
13 June 2016   Magnanville 2 0 Knife Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Private Citizens & Property
On 13 June 2016, a police officer and his wife, a police secretary, were stabbed to death in their home in Magnanville (about 55 km or 35 miles west of Paris) by a man acting on an "order" by ISIL to "kill infidels".
Main article: 2016 Magnanville stabbing
3 February 2017   Paris 0 1 Knife Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Private Citizens & Property
On 3 February 2017, armed with two 40-centimetre machetes a 29-year-old Egyptian terrorist attacked patrolling guards outside the Louvre museum. One of the guards was slightly injured during the attack as the perpetrator was shot dead.
Main article: 2017 Paris machete attack
20 April 2017   Paris 1 (+1) 3 AK-47 assault rifle Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Police officers & Private Citizen
On 20 April 2017, a police officer was killed and two more were injured alongside a tourist by an assailant wielding a Kalashnikov rifle on the Champs-Élysées, a shopping boulevard in Paris, France.
Main article: 2017 shooting of Paris police officers
23 March 2018   Aude 4 (+1) 15 Handgun, hunting knife and homemade explosives Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Police officers & Private Citizens
On 23 March 2018, a 25 year old assailant hijacked a car in Carcassonne, France, killing one. He then shot at some off duty officers and then drove to the nearby town of Trèbes where he stormed a local supermarket, killing three, including a policeman, and taking several hostage. He was later shot and killed.
Main article: Carcassonne and Trèbes attack
12 May 2018   Paris 1 (+1) 4 Knife Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Private Citizen
A 21-year-old Chechnia-born man armed with a knife, killed one pedestrian and injured four more near the Palais Garnier, the opera house in Paris, France, before being fatally shot by police.
Main article: 2018 Paris knife attack
11 December 2018   Strasbourg 5 (+1) 11 Modele 1892 revolver and knife Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Private Citizens
A 29-year-old French citizen of Algerian origin killed five civilians and wounded 11 others at a Christmas market in Strasbourg, France, before being killed in a shootout with police two days later.
Main article: 2018 Strasbourg attack
24 May 2019   Lyon 0 13 Improvised Explosive Device Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Private Citizens
A packet bomb explodes in front of a bakery in the pedestrian zone of Lyon. 13 people were wounded. A 24-year old male student from Algeria was arrested 3 days later. No group has claimed responsibility of the attack yet.
Main article: 2019 Lyon bomb attack
3 October 2019   Paris 4 (+1) 2 Ceramic Knife Islamist – Police Employees
A radicalized Islamist stabbed four people to death, and injured two others at the central police headquarters in Paris. He was an administrative worker and had been recently converting to Salafist Islam. The perpetrator was shot instantly dead by other officers.
Main article: Paris police headquarters stabbing
3 January 2020   Villejuif 1 (+1) 2 Knife Islamist – Civilians
A man stabbed three people in Villejuif, a suburb of Paris, killing one person and wounding two others. The attacker was shot dead by police. The attacker was identified as Nathan Chiasson, a follower of Salafism, an extremist sect of Islam.
4 April 2020   Romans-sur-Isère 2 5 Knife Islamist -Civilians
Two people were killed and five others wounded in a mass stabbing in Romans-sur-Isère, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France. The suspect is a 30-year-old Sudanese asylum seeker who was arrested at the scene. French police have launched a terrorism investigation. Two other people related to the attacker were arrested later.
Main article: 2020 Romans-sur-Isère knife attack
27 April 2020   Colombes 0 3 Vehicle Islamist -Civilians
Three police officers were seriously injured when a driver rammed his vehicle into them in Colombes, Hauts-de-Seine. The perpetrator was arrested, and a source stated that the man carried out the attack to "avenge events in Palestine". The attacker had pledged allegiance to Islamic State.
25 September 2020   Paris 0 2 Knife Islamist -Civilians
A knife attack outside the former headquarters of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris, France, left two people wounded. The building is now used by a television production company, and the two wounded victims are workers of the company. The suspected perpetrator and six other people were taken into custody. Interior minister Gérald Darmanin said that the attack was "clearly an act of Islamist terrorism".
Main article: 2020 Paris stabbing attack
16 October 2020   Éragny-sur-Oise 1 (+1) 0 Knife Islamist -Teacher
A teacher was beheaded near a school in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, a suburb of Paris, the attacker was shot dead by police. The victim is said to have shown controversial cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad to his students. President Emmanuel Macron called the attack an "Islamist terrorist attack".
Main article: Murder of Samuel Paty
29 October 2020   Nice 3 0 (+1) Knife Islamist -Churchgoers
Three people were killed in a stabbing attack at Notre-Dame de Nice, a Roman Catholic basilica, in Nice, France. One of the victims, a woman, was beheaded by the attacker. Several additional victims were injured. The attacker, who was shot by the police, was taken into custody. The Mayor of Nice and police said the incident appeared to be an Islamic extremism terrorist attack.
Main article: 2020 Nice stabbing

List of international terrorist incidents with significant French casualties

Foiled attacks

In 2015, a 26-year-old Moroccan man known as a member of the radical Islamist movement attempted to open fire with an AK47 assault rifle while on a high speed train one hour from Paris. He was quickly subdued by three United States servicemen who were on holiday.[95] See: 2015 Thalys train attack

Towards the end of March 2016, police arrested a Paris citizen named Reda Kriket, and upon searching his apartment, they discovered five assault rifles, a number of handguns, and an amount of chemical substances that could be used to make explosives.[96]

Kriket was convicted in absentia by a Belgian court in a 2015 case involving Abdelhamid Abaaoud.[97]

Murder of Sarah Halimi

Under French law, any grave act of violence committed with intent "to seriously disturb public order through intimidation or terror", is an act of terrorism; the public prosecutor decides which cases will be investigated as acts of terrorism.[98] Writing in Le Figaro attorney Gilles-William Goldnadel characterized the public prosecutor's decision not to investigate a crime, Murder of Sarah Halimi as terrorism, as "purely and simply ideological", asserting that the killer, who recited verses form the Quran before breaking into an apartment and murdering a Jewish woman, "had the profile of a radical Islamist, and yet somehow there is a resistance to call a spade a spade".[98] Sarah Halimi's murder was heard by neighbors in her building and in neighboring building over an extended period of time. Neighbors also saw the killer throw his victim from the balcony of her home, and heard the killer praying aloud after the murder.[99][98] In September, 2017, the prosecutor officially characterized the murder as an "antisemitic" hate crime.[100]

According to Jean-Charles Brisard, director of the French think tank Center for the Analysis of Terrorism, "It needs to have a certain degree of willingness to disrupt the French public order."[clarification needed][98][101]

See also

References

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March 10, 2023
terrorism, france, this, article, needs, updated, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, october, 2020, refers, terrorist, attacks, that, have, targeted, country, population, during, 20th, 21st, centuries, . This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information October 2020 Terrorism in France refers to the terrorist attacks that have targeted the country and its population during the 20th and 21st centuries Terrorism in this case is much related to the country s history international affairs and political approach Legislation has been set up by lawmakers to fight terrorism in France Site of the 2016 Nice truck attack the following day CBC News reported in December 2018 that the number of people killed in terrorist attacks in France since 2015 was 249 with the number of wounded at 928 1 Within the European Union France is the most affected country with recent data showcasing a total of 82 Islamist attacks and 332 deaths from 1979 to 2021 2 Terrorist incidents map of France 1970 2015 Paris Corsica and Southwestern France are major places of incidents A total of 2 616 incidents are plotted Terrorism deaths in France recorded in the Global Terrorism Database The spike in 2015 is over 6 times the previous maximum since 1970 and is indicated by a number off the scale Contents 1 History 1 1 Islamic terrorism 1 2 Right wing terrorism 2 List of significant terrorist incidents inside France 2 1 List of international terrorist incidents with significant French casualties 3 Foiled attacks 4 Murder of Sarah Halimi 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory EditDeaths and Injuries due to Terrorist incidents in France by Year 3 4 Year Number ofincidents Deaths Injuries2020 9 7 102019 3 4 162018 3 10 302017 9 3 162016 26 95 4702015 36 162 4432014 14 1 152013 12 0 52012 65 8 82011 8 0 42010 3 0 02009 9 0 112008 13 0 12007 16 3 82006 34 1 32005 33 0 112004 11 0 102003 34 0 212002 32 0 42001 21 0 162000 28 4 11999 46 0 21998 12 1 01997 130 0 41996 270 18 1141995 71 19 1771994 97 7 221993 12 0 01992 126 9 121991 137 6 51990 30 3 31989 25 3 21988 54 6 191987 87 5 81986 95 25 3061985 106 17 831984 145 15 571983 121 20 1861982 62 17 1441981 66 8 781980 94 20 741979 212 11 411978 59 21 171977 53 3 71976 58 7 101975 39 3 251974 29 3 411973 14 5 201972 9 1 01971 0 0 01970 0 0 0Total 2 654 547 2 559Islamic terrorism Edit Main article Islamic terrorism in Europe This section is an excerpt from Islamic terrorism France edit France had its first occurrences with religious extremism in the 1980s due to French involvement in the Lebanese Civil War In the 1990s a series of attacks on French soil were executed by the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria GIA In the 1990 2010 time span France experienced repeated attacks linked to international jihadist movements 5 Le Monde reported on 26 July 2016 that Islamist Terrorism had caused 236 dead in France in the preceding 18 month period 6 In the 2015 2018 timespan in France 249 people been killed in terrorist attacks and 928 wounded in a total of 22 terrorist attacks 7 The deadly attacks in 2015 in France changed the issue of Islamist radicalization from a security threat to also constitute a social problem Prime minister Francois Hollande and prime minister Manuel Valls saw the fundamental values of the French republic being challenged and called them attacks against secular enlightenment and democratic values along with what makes us who we are 5 Although jihadists in the 2015 onward timeframe legitimized their attacks with a narrative of reprisal for France s participation in the international coalition fighting the Islamic State Islamic terrorism in France has other deeper and older causes The main reasons France suffers frequent attacks are in no particular order 8 France s secular domestic policies Laicite which jihadists perceive to be hostile towards Islam Also France s status as an officially secular nation and jihadists label France as the flagship of disbelief 8 France has a strong cultural tradition in comics which in the context Muhammad cartoons is a question of freedom of expression 9 France has a large Muslim minority 9 France s foreign policy towards Muslim countries and jihadist fronts France is seen as the spearhead directed against jihadist groups in Africa just as the United States is seen as the main force opposing jihadist groups elsewhere France s former foreign policies such as that as its colonization of Muslim countries is also brought up in jihadist propaganda for example that the influence of French education culture and political institutions had served to erase the Muslim identity of those colonies and their inhabitants 10 Jihadists consider France as a strong proponent of disbelief For instance Marianne the national emblem of France is considered as a false idol by jihadists and the French to be idol worshippers France also has no law against blasphemy and an anticlerical satirical press which is less respectful towards religion than that of the US or the United Kingdom The French nation state is also perceived as an obstacle towards establishing a caliphate 10 In 2020 two Islamic terrorist attacks were foiled by authorities bringing the total to 33 since 2017 according to Laurent Nunez the director of CNRLT who declared that Sunni Islamist terrorism was a prioritised threat Nunez drew parallels between the three attacks of 2020 which all were attacks on blasphemy and the will to avenge their prophet 11 Right wing terrorism Edit This section is an excerpt from Right wing terrorism France edit France has a modern history of right wing terrorism that dates back to the middle of the 20th century Historically right wing terrorism was tied to rage over the loss of France s colonial possessions in Africa particularly Algeria In 1961 the Organisation armee secrete or OAS a right wing terrorist group that protested Algerian independence from France launched a bomb attack on board a Strasbourg Paris train which killed 28 people 12 On 14 December 1973 the far right Charles Martel Group orchestrated a bomb attack at the Consulate of Algeria killing 4 people and injuring 20 13 The group targeted mostly Algerian targets several more times In the town of Toulon a far right extremist group called SOS France existed On 18 August 1986 four members were driving a car carrying explosives apparently in an attempt to bomb the offices of SOS Racisme However it exploded while they were still in it killing all four of them 14 In more recent history far right extremism in France has been fueled by the rise of anti immigrant far right political movements Neo Nazi members of the French and European Nationalist Party were responsible for a pair of anti immigrant terror bombings in 1988 Sonacotra hostels in Cagnes sur Mer and Cannes were bombed killing Romanian immigrant George Iordachescu and injuring 16 people mostly Tunisians In an attempt to frame Jewish extremists for the Cagnes sur Mer bombing the terrorists left leaflets bearing Stars of David and the name Masada at the scene with the message To destroy Israel Islam has chosen the sword For this choice Islam will perish 15 On 28 May 2008 members of the neo Nazi Nomad 88 group fired with machine guns at people from their car in Saint Michel sur Orge 16 17 In the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo shooting six mosques and a restaurant were attacked in acts deemed as right wing terrorism by authorities 18 The acts included grenade throwing shooting and use of an improvised explosive device List of significant terrorist incidents inside France EditMain article List of terrorist incidents in France FranceDate Sub Location Deaths Injuries Type Perpetrator Description of target and attack15 September 1958 Paris 1 3 Small arms fire FLN Algerian nationalists Government institutions Several gunmen fire into the car of the French Minister of Information Jacques Soustelle The minister survives unharmed however four bystanders are struck and one is killed 19 18 June 1961 Blacy Marne 28 100 Improvised Explosive Device Organisation armee secrete Private citizens amp property A bomb attack on a Strasbourg Paris train carried it was the deadliest terrorist attack in modern French history until the November 2015 Paris attacks 20 14 December 1973 Marseille 4 20 Improvised Explosive Device Charles Martel Group Diplomatic Algeria A man exits a car and throws a bomb into the compound of the Algerian Consulate the subsequent explosion kills 4 and injures 20 more 4 seriously 21 15 September 1974 Paris 2 34 Improvised Explosive Device PFLP Palestinian nationalists Private Citizens amp Property A bomb explodes at the Drugstore Saint Germain part of the fashionable circuit of restaurants and bars on Paris s Left Bank killing two and injuring 34 22 24 October 1975 Paris 2 Grenade amp Small arms fire ASALA Armenian nationalists Diplomatic Turkish As Ismail Erez is returning from a reception and as his vehicle approached the building of the Turkish Embassy in Paris a group of 3 4 armed Armenian militants ambush the automobile killing him and his driver Talip Yener 23 24 20 May 1978 Paris 4 3 Grenade amp Small arms fire PFLP Palestinian nationalists Airports amp airlines Three terrorists open fire on El Al passengers in the departure lounge All three terrorists are killed along with one policeman and three French tourists are also injured 25 5 October 1978 Marseille 9 12 Small arms fire Private citizens amp property At about 21 00 UTC 1 three hooded men armed with sub machine guns enter a quiet neighborhood bar and shoot 21 patrons killing nine The attack at Le Telephone bar was likely related to organized crime although none of the attackers were identified 26 23 December 1979 Paris 1 Grenade amp Small arms fire ASALA Armenian nationalists Diplomatic Turkish A gunman fires an automatic weapon amid crowds of Christmas shoppers killing the director of the Turkish National Tourist Office Yilmaz Colton in Paris The director was struck by three bullets while walking along the Champs Elysees 27 28 January 1980 Paris 1 8 Improvised Explosive Device Diplomatic Syrian A bomb blast destroys the ground floor of the Syrian Embassy killing one and injuring 8 others Three of those injured were in a serious condition including a pregnant woman The attack happened 2 hours before the arrival of then Foreign Minister of Syria Abdel Halim Khaddam in France 28 17 July 1980 Paris 2 4 Small arms fire Guards of Islam Iranian agents Government institutions Shah of Iran Former Iranian Prime Minister Shahpour Bakhtiar escapes an assassination attempt in which a French policeman and a female neighbour are killed Four other officers were wounded one seriously Allegedly posing as reporters a trio of gunmen attempted to enter the exiled leader s apartment in Neuilly a suburb of Paris A police guard at an armored door to the residence resisted and a gunfight took place 29 30 29 July 1980 Lyon 2 11 Small arms fire ASALA Armenian nationalists Diplomatic Turkish Two gunmen storm the Turkish Consulate General in Lyon The gunmen are unable to locate the Turkish consul general and open fire on the waiting area killing two people and wounding eleven others two seriously 31 3 October 1980 Paris 4 40 Improvised Explosive Device Religious figures amp institutions A bomb went off outside the Union Liberale Israelite de France synagogue on Rue Copernic The bomb had been hidden in the saddlebags of a motorcycle parked outside the synagogue on the eve of Simchat Torah The explosion happened shortly before the end of services however one of those killed were members of the congregation French police initially suspected that the attack had been carried out by neo Nazis but later attributed it to the PFLP or one of its offshoots 32 33 34 35 See also 1980 Paris synagogue bombing25 November 1980 Paris 2 1 Small arms fire Private citizens amp property An unknown gunman murders the Jewish owners of a Paris travel agency that specialized in tours to Israel The assailant walked into the office of IT Tours and fired from an automatic pistol fatally wounding Edwin Douek the proprietor His wife Michele was killed instantly and a clerk was slightly wounded Edwin Douek died of his wounds later in a hospital 36 4 March 1981 Paris 2 1 Small arms fire ASALA Armenian nationalists Diplomatic Turkish Two gunmen open fire on Turkish Labour Attache Resat Morali and the Religious Affairs Officer in the Turkish Embassy Tecelli Ari Both are killed 37 24 September 1981 Paris 1 2 Small arms fire Hostage taking 2 days ASALA Armenian nationalists Diplomatic Turkish At about 11 30 CET four members of Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia took over the consulate killing a Turkish guard wounding the Turkish Consul and taking 56 people hostage including 8 women and a 3 year old child Shortly after midnight the militants leader started the negotiations that led to the end of the ordeal at about 2 a m He was promised by French authorities that the four militants would receive political asylum The next day however the French Government issued a statement saying that the men would have to stand trial on charges growing out of the assault including the death of a Turkish guard 38 See also 1981 Turkish consulate attack in Paris29 March 1982 Ambazac 5 27 Improvised Explosive Device Carlos the Jackal Transport A explosion on a Paris Toulouse express train kills five passengers and injures 27 near Ambazac The blast in the baggage compartment of the Capitole Express was caused by several pounds of extremely powerful explosives intentionally planted In 2011 Carlos the Jackal was tried for involvement in the attack and was subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison 39 40 22 April 1982 Paris 1 47 Car bomb Carlos the Jackal Political A powerful car bomb detonates in a crowded street in central Paris during the morning rush hour killing a young woman and injuring 46 people The apparent target are the offices of the Libyan newspaper Al Watan al Arabi In 2011 Carlos the Jackal is tried for involvement in the attacks and is subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison 40 41 9 August 1982 Paris 6 22 Grenade amp Small arms fire Abu Nidal Organization Private Citizens amp Property Two assailants throw grenades into the dining room of the Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant and fire machine guns at the patrons Six people die including two American tourists and 22 others are wounded in the attack on the Jewish restaurant in Paris s Marais district 42 43 See also Goldenberg restaurant attack21 August 1982 Paris 1 2 Improvised Explosive Device Diplomatic United States A bomb that police said was intended to target a United States diplomat explodes on a luxurious residential street on the Left Bank near the Eiffel Tower killing a bomb disposal expert and wounding two others The bomb had been planted under the vehicle of Roderick Grant commercial counselor at the United States Embassy in Paris 44 28 February 1983 Paris 1 4 Improvised Explosive Device ASALA Armenian nationalists Private Citizens amp Property A bomb detonates at the Turkish owned Marmara Voyages tourism agency in central Paris killing one female employee and injuring four others The blast reportedly caused the roof of the offices to collapse 45 46 15 July 1983 Paris 8 55 Improvised Explosive Device ASALA Armenian nationalists Airports amp airlines A bomb explodes inside a suitcase at the Turkish Airlines check in desk in the south terminal of the Orly Airport sending flames through the crowd of passengers checking in for a flight to Istanbul The bomb consisted of a half kilo of Semtex explosive connected to three portable gas bottles which caused extensive burns on the victims Three people were killed immediately in the blast and another five died in hospital Four of the victims were French two were Turkish one was American and one was Swedish 47 48 49 Main article 1983 Orly Airport attack5 August 1983 Avignon 7 Small arms fire Private citizens amp property At approximately 4 00 UTC 1 two gunmen shoot to dead seven people at a Sofitel Hotel in a popular holiday town The victims include the French consul general for Saarbrucken in West Germany Lucien Andre Three other hotel guests and three employees of Sofitel were also killed after apparently being rounded up and ushered into a hotel room 50 1 October 1983 Marseille 1 26 Improvised Explosive Device ASALA Armenian nationalists Private Citizens amp Property One man is killed and 26 people injured when multiple bombs destroyed the American Soviet and Algerian pavilions at an international trade fair in Marseille An Armenian guerrilla group took responsibility for the attack in a telephone call to the police However then Interior Minister Gaston Defferre later stated that the far rightist Charles Martel Group had also taken responsibility for the blast 51 31 December 1983 Marseille 5 58 Improvised Explosive Device Carlos the Jackal Transport A bomb explodes in the two first class cars of an AGV locomotive as it heads north toward Paris from the Gare de Marseille Saint Charles Although the train was travelling at about 160 kilometres per hour it does not derail Rescue workers find 2 passengers dead and 20 wounded 5 of them seriously Half an hour later a second bomb explodes in the baggage checkroom of the main hall at the Gare de Marseille Saint Charles killing 2 people and wounding at least 38 In 2011 Carlos the Jackal is tried for involvement in the attacks and is subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison 40 52 53 7 February 1984 Paris 2 1 Small arms fire Hezbollah amp Islamic Jihad Government institutions Shah of Iran Gholam Ali Oveisi a four star general under Iran s late shah and his brother an ex colonel are killed by gunmen in central Paris Their driver is also wounded 54 55 8 February 1984 Paris 1 Small arms fire Abu Nidal Organization Diplomatic Emirati A lone gunman shoots and kills the United Arab Emirates ambassador to France outside the diplomat s Paris home Khalifa Ahmed Abdel Aziz al Mubarak is killed in a district of Paris nearby the Eiffel tower 56 25 January 1985 Paris 1 Small arms fire Action Directe Government institutions General Rene Audran a senior official of the French Ministry of Defence is shot to dead in front of his residence at La Celle Saint Cloud 57 23 February 1985 Paris 1 15 Improvised Explosive Device Private Citizens amp Property A bomb explodes at an entrance to the Paris branch of the British owned department store Marks amp Spencer as it opened for business killing a man and wounding 15 other people Telephone calls claiming responsibility were received from the Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance an outlawed group seeking the independence of France s Caribbean territories and from Direct Action a left wing extremist group that had announced its fusion with the Red Army Faction terrorists of Germany 58 3 March 1985 Paris 4 Small arms fire Government institutions Foreign Khmer Rouge Try Meng Huot a doctor in chemistry who had been a lecturer at the University of Paris before he became a Khmer Rouge leader is killed in his Parisian apartment alongside his wife and another unidentified couple 59 20 March 1986 Paris 2 28 Improvised Explosive Device CSPPA Lebanese faction Private Citizens amp Property A bomb explodes in a packed mall of luxury boutiques on the Champs Elysees killing 2 people and wounding 28 A second bomb found on a metro train was defused by police demolition experts before it could explode A terrorist organization calling itself the Committee of Solidarity With Arab and Middle Eastern Political Prisoners asserted responsibility for the attack in a handwritten letter sent to the Beirut office of a Western news agency 60 61 25 April 1986 Lyon 1 Small arms fire Business Kenneth Marston director of a French subsidiary of Black amp Decker is shot to death outside his home 62 9 September 1986 Paris 1 18 Improvised Explosive Device CSPPA Lebanese faction Government institutions A bomb explodes inside the post office of the Hotel de Ville killing one person and wounding 18 others The dead man is identified as Marguerite Thuault an employee of the post office 63 64 15 September 1986 Paris 1 51 Improvised Explosive Device CSPPA Lebanese faction Government institutions A bomb explodes inside the Parisian police headquarters killing one person and wounding 51 others two seriously 63 17 September 1986 Paris 5 50 Improvised Explosive Device CSPPA Lebanese faction Private Citizens amp Property A bomb thrown from a passing car explodes in front of a Tati department store on the Left Bank killing at least 5 people and wounding about 50 The blast which occurred about 17 30 destroyed the entire front of the seven story building on the rue de Rennes 65 18 October 1986 Toulon 4 Car bomb A car explodes in the seafront market place at Toulon killing the four occupants and setting fire to a nearby building The police said it may have been carrying explosives in preparation for a bomb attack 66 17 November 1986 Paris 1 Small arms fire Action Directe Business A man and woman firing from a motorcycle kill the head of the French auto maker Renault Georges Besse is struck down by gunfire as he exited from his car unaccompanied by bodyguards He had been appointed chairman of the company in January 1985 67 19 December 1988 Cagnes sur Mer 1 12 Improvised Explosive Device French and European Nationalist Party Private Citizens amp Property At 3 00 UTC 1 two homemade bombs explode at a crowded hostel for mostly North African immigrant workers killing a Romanian national and wounding at least 12 others The first blast destroyed a number of vehicles on the street and following this a second blast under the main stairwell of the building destroyed the corridor into which many residents had come to check the first blast 68 69 5 October 1994 Paris 4 6 Small arms fire Hostage taking Government institutions Three police officers and a taxi driver are killed and six other people including two more officers are wounded in separate shoot outs with two masked gunmen in Paris The pair broke into a Paris police station to steal fire arms then took a taxi driver hostage and forced him to drive them to the Bois de Vincennes park on the outskirts of Paris where the final shoot out took place 70 25 July 1995 Paris 8 150 Improvised explosive device GIA Islamists Transport Eight people are killed and 150 wounded in an explosion of a gas canister packed with nails and bolts on a Paris regional train at the Gare de Saint Michel Notre Dame rail station The bombing was claimed by the Armed Islamic Group as reprisals for French support for Algeria s army backed government 71 72 3 December 1996 Paris 3 85 Improvised explosive device GIA Islamists Transport A blast at 18 03 CET rips open the doors of a train on the southbound track of the Port Royal station of the regional express network on the Left Bank scattering the wounded totaling over 85 over the platform Three people succumb to injuries caused by the bomb made from a 28 pound camping gas canister filled with nails 73 74 19 April 2000 Plevin 1 Improvised explosive device Private Citizens amp Property A bomb explodes beside a McDonald s in a small town in Brittany killing a restaurant worker The explosion in the Dinan area happens at about 10 00 CET near the restaurant s drive through window 75 6 December 2007 Paris 1 4 Improvised explosive device Private Citizens amp Property A parcel bomb explodes at a legal office in central Paris killing a secretary and seriously injuring a lawyer Several other people were lightly hurt in the unclaimed blast shortly before 13 00 CET on the fourth floor of a building in the capital s fashionable eighth arrondissement or district 76 15 March 2012 Montauban 2 1 Small arms fire Mohammed Merah Islamist Government institutions At around 14 00 CET two uniformed soldiers were killed and a third was seriously injured outside a shopping centre in Montauban while withdrawing money from a cash machine They were all from the 17th Parachute Engineer Regiment 17e Regiment du genie parachutiste whose barracks are close to the town Corporal Abel Chennouf 24 and Private Mohamed Legouad 23 both of North African origin were killed Corporal Loic Liber 28 from Guadeloupe was left in a coma 77 78 See also Toulouse and Montauban shootings19 March 2012 Toulouse 5 one perp 1 Small arms fire Mohammed Merah Islamist Religious figures amp institutions At about 8 00 CET a man drove up to the Ozar Hatorah school on a motorcycle He dismounted and immediately opened fire toward the schoolyard Four people died 30 year old Rabbi Jonathan Yonatan Sandler his two oldest out of three children Aryeh aged 6 and Gabriel aged 3 and the head teacher s daughter eight year old Miriam Monsonego the girl shot in the head Bryan Bijaoui a 17 year old Jewish boy was gravely injured 79 80 81 See also Toulouse and Montauban shootings7 January 2015 Paris 14 2 perps 11 Small arms fire Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula Private Citizens amp Property At about 11 30 CET two militants armed with assault rifles and other weapons forced their way into the offices of the French satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris They fired up to 50 shots initially killing 11 people and injuring 11 others and shouted Allahu Akbar Arabic for God is the greatest during their attack Main articles Charlie Hebdo shooting and January 2015 Ile de France attacks9 January 2015 Paris 5 one perp 9 Small arms fire hostage taking 1 day Amedy Coulibaly Islamist Private Citizens amp Property At about 1 00 CET an Islamist militant who pledged allegiance to Islamic State enters the Hypercacher kosher superette in Porte de Vincennes and takes up to 20 Jewish patrons hostage Four Jewish hostages die and held fifteen others are held during a siege in which Coulibaly demands that the two militants responsible for the attack on the satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo not be harmed Main articles Porte de Vincennes siege and January 2015 Ile de France attacks26 June 2015 Saint Quentin Fallavier 1 2 Bladed weapon amp Improvised Explosive Device Yassine Salhi Islamist Private Citizens amp Property At about 9 30 CEST a suspected Islamic militant decapitates a man and drives a company van into gas cylinders at an Air Products gas factory near Lyon The attacker placed the head of a victim on a fence railing and planted two Jihadist flag banners alongside it Video surveillance footage showed that the perpetrator also tried to ignite several canisters containing flammable chemicals Main article Saint Quentin Fallavier attack21 August 2015 Oignies 0 5 Small arms bladed weapons Ayoub El Khazzani Islamist Transport At about 17 45 CEST a 26 year old Moroccan national carrying a Draco automatic rifle magazines containing 300 rounds a semi automatic Luger pistol and a box cutter opened fire on a Thalys train traveling from Amsterdam to Paris The gunman was attacked and subdued by seven men four Americans including an ex pat a Frenchman an American French citizen and a Briton who beat him unconscious The train was diverted to Arras where the man was arrested and identified and two victims treated The man had been previously flagged with an S card France s warning alert for someone believed to be a national security risk 82 Main article 2015 Thalys train attack13 November 2015 Paris Saint Denis 130 7 368 AK 47 assault rifles hand grenades various explosives suicide vests Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Private Citizens amp Property On the evening of 13 November 2015 a series of coordinated terrorist attacks comprising mass shootings and suicide bombings occurred in Paris and Saint Denis France Beginning at 21 16 CET 83 three separate explosions and six mass shootings occurred including bombings near the Stade de France in the northern suburb of Saint Denis 83 84 The deadliest attack was at the Bataclan theatre where attackers took hostages and engaged in a standoff with police until it was ended at 00 58 CET 14 November 2015 130 civilians were killed in the attacks Main article November 2015 Paris attacks14 July 2016 Nice 86 1 434 Vehicular attack Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Private Citizens amp Property On the evening of 14 July 2016 a vehicle ramming attack took place in Nice France when a man deliberately drove a cargo truck into a crowd of people celebrating Bastille Day on the Promenade des Anglais 86 people were killed and 434 others were injured Main article 2016 Nice truck attack13 June 2016 Magnanville 2 0 Knife Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Private Citizens amp Property On 13 June 2016 a police officer and his wife a police secretary were stabbed to death in their home in Magnanville about 55 km or 35 miles west of Paris by a man acting on an order by ISIL to kill infidels Main article 2016 Magnanville stabbing3 February 2017 Paris 0 1 Knife Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Private Citizens amp Property On 3 February 2017 armed with two 40 centimetre machetes a 29 year old Egyptian terrorist attacked patrolling guards outside the Louvre museum One of the guards was slightly injured during the attack as the perpetrator was shot dead Main article 2017 Paris machete attack20 April 2017 Paris 1 1 3 AK 47 assault rifle Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Police officers amp Private Citizen On 20 April 2017 a police officer was killed and two more were injured alongside a tourist by an assailant wielding a Kalashnikov rifle on the Champs Elysees a shopping boulevard in Paris France Main article 2017 shooting of Paris police officers23 March 2018 Aude 4 1 15 Handgun hunting knife and homemade explosives Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Police officers amp Private Citizens On 23 March 2018 a 25 year old assailant hijacked a car in Carcassonne France killing one He then shot at some off duty officers and then drove to the nearby town of Trebes where he stormed a local supermarket killing three including a policeman and taking several hostage He was later shot and killed Main article Carcassonne and Trebes attack12 May 2018 Paris 1 1 4 Knife Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Private Citizen A 21 year old Chechnia born man armed with a knife killed one pedestrian and injured four more near the Palais Garnier the opera house in Paris France before being fatally shot by police Main article 2018 Paris knife attack11 December 2018 Strasbourg 5 1 11 Modele 1892 revolver and knife Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Private Citizens A 29 year old French citizen of Algerian origin killed five civilians and wounded 11 others at a Christmas market in Strasbourg France before being killed in a shootout with police two days later Main article 2018 Strasbourg attack24 May 2019 Lyon 0 13 Improvised Explosive Device Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Private Citizens A packet bomb explodes in front of a bakery in the pedestrian zone of Lyon 13 people were wounded A 24 year old male student from Algeria was arrested 3 days later No group has claimed responsibility of the attack yet Main article 2019 Lyon bomb attack3 October 2019 Paris 4 1 2 Ceramic Knife Islamist Police Employees A radicalized Islamist stabbed four people to death and injured two others at the central police headquarters in Paris He was an administrative worker and had been recently converting to Salafist Islam The perpetrator was shot instantly dead by other officers Main article Paris police headquarters stabbing3 January 2020 Villejuif 1 1 2 Knife Islamist Civilians A man stabbed three people in Villejuif a suburb of Paris killing one person and wounding two others The attacker was shot dead by police The attacker was identified as Nathan Chiasson a follower of Salafism an extremist sect of Islam 4 April 2020 Romans sur Isere 2 5 Knife Islamist Civilians Two people were killed and five others wounded in a mass stabbing in Romans sur Isere Auvergne Rhone Alpes France The suspect is a 30 year old Sudanese asylum seeker who was arrested at the scene French police have launched a terrorism investigation Two other people related to the attacker were arrested later Main article 2020 Romans sur Isere knife attack27 April 2020 Colombes 0 3 Vehicle Islamist Civilians Three police officers were seriously injured when a driver rammed his vehicle into them in Colombes Hauts de Seine The perpetrator was arrested and a source stated that the man carried out the attack to avenge events in Palestine The attacker had pledged allegiance to Islamic State 25 September 2020 Paris 0 2 Knife Islamist Civilians A knife attack outside the former headquarters of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris France left two people wounded The building is now used by a television production company and the two wounded victims are workers of the company The suspected perpetrator and six other people were taken into custody Interior minister Gerald Darmanin said that the attack was clearly an act of Islamist terrorism Main article 2020 Paris stabbing attack16 October 2020 Eragny sur Oise 1 1 0 Knife Islamist Teacher A teacher was beheaded near a school in Conflans Sainte Honorine a suburb of Paris the attacker was shot dead by police The victim is said to have shown controversial cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad to his students President Emmanuel Macron called the attack an Islamist terrorist attack Main article Murder of Samuel Paty29 October 2020 Nice 3 0 1 Knife Islamist Churchgoers Three people were killed in a stabbing attack at Notre Dame de Nice a Roman Catholic basilica in Nice France One of the victims a woman was beheaded by the attacker Several additional victims were injured The attacker who was shot by the police was taken into custody The Mayor of Nice and police said the incident appeared to be an Islamic extremism terrorist attack Main article 2020 Nice stabbingList of international terrorist incidents with significant French casualties Edit 6 French nationals died as a result of the Koure shooting in Niger on 9 August 2020 85 4 French nationals died as a result of the Etoile du Sud hotel attack in Grand Bassam in Ivory Coast on 13 March 2016 86 3 French nationals died as a result of the Cappuccino restaurant and the Splendid Hotel attack in Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso on 15 January 2016 87 4 French nationals died and seven were injured as a result of the Bardo National Museum attack in Tunisia on 18 March 2015 88 2 French nationals died as a result of the assault on the Nairobi Westgate shopping complex in Kenya 21 24 September 2013 89 8 French nationals died as a result of the bombing of the Argana Cafe in Jemaa el Fnaa square of Marrakesh in Morocco on 28 April 2011 90 91 2 French nationals died as a result of attacks on several hotels and other tourist locations in Mumbai in India 26 29 November 2008 92 4 French nationals died and one was injured as a result of an armed attack on a group of tourists on holiday near Aleg in Mauritania on 24 December 2007 93 4 French nationals died as a result of the bombing of several Balinese tourist clubs in Indonesia on 12 October 2002 94 4 French nationals died as a result of the September 11 attacks Foiled attacks EditIn 2015 a 26 year old Moroccan man known as a member of the radical Islamist movement attempted to open fire with an AK47 assault rifle while on a high speed train one hour from Paris He was quickly subdued by three United States servicemen who were on holiday 95 See 2015 Thalys train attackTowards the end of March 2016 police arrested a Paris citizen named Reda Kriket and upon searching his apartment they discovered five assault rifles a number of handguns and an amount of chemical substances that could be used to make explosives 96 Kriket was convicted in absentia by a Belgian court in a 2015 case involving Abdelhamid Abaaoud 97 Murder of Sarah Halimi EditUnder French law any grave act of violence committed with intent to seriously disturb public order through intimidation or terror is an act of terrorism the public prosecutor decides which cases will be investigated as acts of terrorism 98 Writing in Le Figaro attorney Gilles William Goldnadel characterized the public prosecutor s decision not to investigate a crime Murder of Sarah Halimi as terrorism as purely and simply ideological asserting that the killer who recited verses form the Quran before breaking into an apartment and murdering a Jewish woman had the profile of a radical Islamist and yet somehow there is a resistance to call a spade a spade 98 Sarah Halimi s murder was heard by neighbors in her building and in neighboring building over an extended period of time Neighbors also saw the killer throw his victim from the balcony of her home and heard the killer praying aloud after the murder 99 98 In September 2017 the prosecutor officially characterized the murder as an antisemitic hate crime 100 According to Jean Charles Brisard director of the French think tank Center for the Analysis of Terrorism It needs to have a certain degree of willingness to disrupt the French public order clarification needed 98 101 See also EditLaw on the fight against terrorism 2006 French legislation Terrorism in the European Union List of Islamist terrorist attacks ISIL related terror attacks in France 2014 Dijon attack Murder of Sarah Halimi List of massacres in France Jean Francois Ricard born 1956 prosecutor of the National Terrorism Prosecution Office for the prosecution of terrorism in FranceReferences Edit Jonathon Gatehouse 12 December 2018 By the numbers France s battle against terror CBC News Retrieved 23 December 2018 Islamist Terrorist Attacks in the World 1979 2021 Fondapol Retrieved 7 November 2021 National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism 2017 Global Terrorism Database globalterrorismdb 0617dist xlsx Retrieved from https www start umd edu gtd University of Maryland National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism 2017 Global Terrorism Database gtd1993 0617dist xlsx Retrieved from https www start umd edu gtd University of Maryland a b Vidino et al 2018 De Radicalization in the Mediterranean Comparing Challenges and Approaches PDF Milano ISPI pp 13 15 24 26 35 36 42 43 48 62 63 69 70 ISBN 9788867058198 Le terrorisme islamiste a fait 236 morts en France en 18 mois Le Monde in French 26 July 2016 Retrieved 27 July 2016 De l attaque de Charlie Hebdo et de l Hyper casher en janvier 2015 a la mort du pere Jacques Hamel a Saint Etienne de Rouvray mardi 26 juillet ce sont 236 personnes qui ont perdu la vie dans des attentats et attaques terroristes Dec 12 Jonathon Gatehouse CBC News Posted December 12 2018 2 23 PM ET Last Updated By the numbers France s battle against terror CBC News Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 23 April 2019 22 the number of terror incidents on French soil since the beginning of 2015 249 the number of dead in those attacks 928 the number of wounded a b Koninkrijksrelaties Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en 14 December 2017 Jihadist women a threat not to be underestimated Publication pdf AIVD p 5 Archived from the original on 1 December 2018 Retrieved 1 December 2018 a b Darfor ar Frankrike sa hart terrordrabbat Expressen in Swedish Retrieved 4 November 2020 a b Bindner Laurence 2018 Jihadists Grievance Narratives against France Terrorism and Counter Terrorism Studies 4 8 doi 10 19165 2018 2 01 Terrorisme deux attentats islamistes dejoues en 2020 33 depuis 2017 RTL fr in French Retrieved 10 January 2021 Pech Marie Estelle 7 January 2015 L attentat le plus meurtrier depuis Vitry Le Francois en 1961 The deadliest attack since Vitry Le Francois in 1961 Le Figaro in French Archived from the original on 9 January 2015 Retrieved 2021 05 28 Bomb at Algerian Consulate The Glasgow Herald Associated Press 15 December 1973 Retrieved 8 February 2014 Explosion in Car Kills Four Associated Press Greenhouse Steven 20 December 1988 Immigrant Hostel Bombed in France New York Times Retrieved 20 October 2014 Un groupuscule neonazi a l origine d une fusillade Le Monde fr 3 June 2008 Le groupuscule neonazi decide de s autodissoudre 3 June 2008 EUROPEAN UNION TERRORISM SITUATION AND TREND REPORT TE SAT 2016 Europol 2016 p 41 David C Rapoport ed 2006 Terrorism The second or anti colonial wave Taylor amp Francis pp 244 245 ISBN 9780415316521 Pech Marie Estelle 7 January 2015 L attentat le plus meurtrier depuis Vitry Le Francois en 1961 The deadliest attack since Vitry Le Francois in 1961 Le Figaro in French Archived from the original on 9 January 2015 Retrieved 7 January 2015 Bomb at Algerian Consulate The Glasgow Herald Associated Press 15 December 1973 Retrieved 8 February 2014 Guinness Molly 4 November 2010 Carlos the Jackal s Parisian trail of destruction Radio France International Retrieved 9 February 2014 Rubin 2008 p 69harvnb error no target CITEREFRubin2008 help Assassinated Turkish Diplomats Officials and Their Families Serving in Missions Abroad Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs Retrieved 10 February 2014 Lewis Flora 21 May 1978 3 Terrorists Killed in Attack in Paris on El Al Passengers 3 French Tourists Bound for Israel Are Injured and One Policeman Is Killed in 25 Minute Fight The New York Times Retrieved 9 October 2011 Gangsters In France Gun Down Nine Rivals Bangor Daily News 5 October 1978 Retrieved 14 February 2014 Turkish official murdered in Paris The Montreal Gazette Reuters 23 December 1979 Retrieved 17 February 2014 Staff writers 29 January 1980 Syrian Embassy In Paris Ripped By Bomb Blast The Sumter Daily Item Associated Press Retrieved 12 February 2014 Treuthardt Paul 18 July 1980 Bakhtiar Escapes Assassination Attempt In Paris The Lewiston Journal Retrieved 14 February 2014 Staff writers 17 July 1980 Two Killed In Attempt Bakhtiar Escapes Assassination Try Daily News Associated Press Retrieved 14 February 2014 Rubin 2008 p 77harvnb error no target CITEREFRubin2008 help Bomb Kills 3 in Antwerp The Reading Eagle UPI 20 October 1981 Cobb Chris 9 November 2010 Paris blast Part 1 The Explosion Ottawa Citizen Cobb Chris 9 November 2010 Paris blast Part 2 The Aftermath Ottawa Citizen Cobb Chris 9 November 2010 Paris blast Part 3 The Investigation Ottawa Citizen Terrorists kill 2 in Paris Lakeland Ledger 1 December 1980 Retrieved 14 February 2014 Terrorist Group Profiles DIANE Publishing 1989 pp 34 35 ISBN 9781568068640 Frank J Prial 25 September 1981 60 held 15 hours in a siege in Paris The New York Times Blast on French Train Is Attributed to a Bomb The New York Times UPI 31 October 1982 Retrieved 7 February 2014 a b c Clark Nicola 7 November 2011 Carlos the Jackal Goes on Trial for Bombings in France The New York Times Retrieved 7 February 2014 Tanner Henry 23 April 1982 Bomb in Paris Kills 1 2 Syrians Ousted The New York Times Retrieved 7 February 2014 Rothman Andrea 19 March 2012 4 Dead in Shooting at Jewish School in France Businessweek Bloomberg Archived from the original on 22 March 2012 Retrieved 19 March 2012 Paris symbol of Jewish life to disappear European Jewish Press 16 January 2006 Archived from the original on 19 February 2006 Retrieved 19 March 2012 Aline Mosby 22 August 1982 Car Bomb In Paris Kills Man The Bulletin Bend Ore UPI Retrieved 17 February 2014 Armenians Claim Deadly Bomb Blast Times Daily Florence Alabama UPI 1 March 1983 Retrieved 17 February 2014 Rubin 2008 p 80harvnb error no target CITEREFRubin2008 help Orly Blast Claims Seventh Victim New Threats Ocala Star Banner The Associated Press 21 July 1983 The New York Times Death Toll Rises to 7 After Terror at Orly 22 July 1983 Around the World French Hold Armenians In Orly Airport Bombing The New York Times Associated Press 9 October 1983 Staff writers 5 August 1983 Thieves Kill 7 In Botched Hotel Holdup The Telegraph Associated Press Retrieved 14 February 2014 One Killed and 26 Hurt In Marseilles Explosion The New York Times Reuters 1 October 1983 Retrieved 8 February 2014 4 Reported Killed by Bombs in France The New York Times Associated Press 1 January 1984 Retrieved 7 February 2014 Carlos condamne a la reclusion criminelle a perpetuite et 18 ans de surete Le Monde in French Associated Press 16 December 2011 Retrieved 8 February 2014 Gunmen Kill Former Iran General Brother In Paris driver wounded Sarasota Herald Tribune Associated Press 8 February 1984 Retrieved 13 February 2014 Two Iranian exiles are assassinated in Paris Lodi News Sentinel UPI 8 February 1984 Retrieved 5 August 2013 Staff writers 7 February 1984 United Arab Emirates Envoy To France Killed The Lewiston Journal Associated Press Retrieved 14 February 2014 How Paris Became A Killing Field The Sydney Morning Herald 24 February 1987 Retrieved 14 February 2014 Vinocur John 24 February 1985 Man Killed in Blast in British Store in Paris 15 Hurt The New York Times Retrieved 8 February 2014 Becker Elizabeth 1998 When the War Was Over Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution Public Affairs p 518 ISBN 9780786725861 Arab Terrorists Claim Paris Arcade Bombing The New York Times 22 March 1986 Retrieved 7 February 2014 Staff writers 21 March 1986 Bomb Kills 1 Injures 29 in Paris Times Daily Florence Alabama Associated Press Retrieved 17 February 2014 Bomb Blast At Amex Office In Lyons New Straits Times 27 April 1986 Retrieved 13 February 2014 a b Bernstein Richard 16 September 1986 Bomb Rips Office at Headquarters of Police in Paris The New York Times Retrieved 7 February 2014 Group Takes Blame For Bombing In Paris Kentucky New Era 9 September 1986 Retrieved 14 February 2014 Bernstein Richard 18 September 1986 5 Dead 50 Hurt as Bomb Is Hurled on a Paris Street The New York Times Retrieved 7 February 2014 Car Explosion Kills Four in French Port The New York Times Reuters 18 October 1986 Retrieved 9 February 2014 Staff writers 18 November 1986 Renault Chief Is Slain In Paris Street The Montreal Gazette Reuters Retrieved 14 February 2014 Bombs In France Target Foreigners The Bryan Times 19 December 1988 Retrieved 17 February 2014 Bomb Explosions Kill 1 Injure Dozen Rome News Tribune 19 December 1988 Retrieved 17 February 2014 Staff writers 6 October 1994 Four Dead Six Hurt In Paris Pre dawn Shoot out New Straits Times Reuters Retrieved 14 February 2014 Riding Alan 1 November 2002 French Court Sentences 2 for Role in 1995 Bombings That Killed 8 The New York Times Retrieved 6 February 2014 Algerians get life for Paris bombings BBC News 30 October 2002 Retrieved 6 February 2014 Whitney Craig 4 December 1996 2 Die as Terrorist Bomb Rips Train at a Paris Station The New York Times Retrieved 9 February 2014 Staff writers 3 December 1996 Subway Bomb In Paris Kills Two Lodi News Sentinel Associated Press Retrieved 12 February 2014 French McDonald s Bombed Breton Terrorists Suspected The New York Times 20 April 2000 Retrieved 10 February 2014 Deadly parcel bomb explodes in Paris legal office Agence France Presse 6 December 2007 Retrieved 10 February 2014 Deux parachutistes abattus en pleine rue a Montauban in French Le Figaro in French 16 March 2012 Retrieved 19 March 2012 Abela Frederic Francois Jean Pierre 17 March 2012 Montauban Toulouse Trois executions une meme arme La Depeche in French Retrieved 19 March 2012 Toulouse school dead flown to Jerusalem for burial BBC News 20 March 2012 Isabel Kershner 21 March 2012 Toulouse Victims Buried in Israel The New York Times Looking to Kill 4 Slain at French Jewish School ABC News Associated Press 19 March 2012 Retrieved 23 March 2012 France train shooting Three hurt and man arrested BBC News Retrieved 21 August 2015 a b Soudain l une des bombes explose en plein match 20 minutes Switzerland in French 13 November 2015 Retrieved 14 November 2015 On entend clairement sur cette video la detonation de 21h16 Nossiter Adam Gladstone Rick 13 November 2015 Paris Attacks Kill More Than 100 Police Say Border Controls Tightened The New York Times Retrieved 13 November 2015 6 French Citizens 2 Guides Killed by Gunmen at Giraffe Park Associated Press 9 August 2020 via NYTimes com Four French nationals killed in Ivory Coast resort attack France 24 14 March 2016 Retrieved 16 March 2016 Burkina Faso hotel siege ends after 23 killed including 2 French nationals CBC News 16 January 2016 Retrieved 17 January 2016 Frenchwoman dies of injuries from Tunisia museum attack Yahoo News AFP 28 March 2015 Retrieved 28 June 2015 Nairobi Westgate attack The victims BBC News 26 September 2013 Retrieved 29 June 2015 Morocco bombing will not go unpunished France StarAfrica AFP 3 May 2011 Retrieved 29 June 2015 Govan Fiona 6 May 2011 Marrakesh cafe bombers linked to al Qaeda The Telegraph Retrieved 29 June 2015 As it happened Mumbai attacks 28 Nov BBC News 29 November 2008 Retrieved 28 June 2015 4 French tourists killed in Mauritania ABC Australia 25 December 2007 Retrieved 29 June 2015 Park Andrew 10 October 2012 Bali bombings Full list of victims names SBS Australia Retrieved 28 June 2015 Nossiter Adam 22 August 2015 A Shot a Glimpse of an AK 47 and U S Servicemen Pounced on Gunman on Train to France The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 27 April 2020 Henry Samuel 31 March 2016 Has Salah Abdeslam turned Isil supergarss The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 1 April 2016 Inti Landauro Nick Kostov 25 March 2016 Man Detained in France Raid Was Convicted With Paris Attacks Ringleader Abdelhamid Abaaoud The Wall Street Journal Retrieved 14 April 2016 a b c d McAuley James 23 July 2017 In France murder of a Jewish woman ignites debate over the word terrorism The Washington Post Retrieved 19 October 2017 Weitzmann Marc 25 May 2017 Sarah Halimi Was Beaten to Death in Paris By a Muslim Attacker Reciting Verses From the Quran The Press Covered it Up Tablet Magazine Retrieved 19 October 2017 Killing of Paris Jewish woman was anti Semitic crime prosecutors finally say The Times of Israel JTA 20 September 2017 Retrieved 20 October 2017 Mazzetti Mark 17 July 2016 In the Age of ISIS Who s a Terrorist and Who s Simply Deranged The New York Times Retrieved 19 October 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org 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