Tamil–Kannada is an inner branch (Zvelebil 1990:56) of the Southern Dravidian I (SDr I) subfamily of the Dravidian languages that include Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam. There have been slight differences in the way Dravidian languages are grouped by various Dravidian linguists (see Subrahmanyam 1983, Zvelebil 1990, Krishnamurthi 2003). Tamil–Kannada itself is designated as a branch of the South Dravidian I subfamily and in turn branches off into Tamil–Kota and Kannada–Badaga. The languages that constitute the Tamil–Kannada branch are Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Irula, Toda, Kota, Kodava, and Badaga. (Zvelebil 1990:56)
According to R. C. Hiremath, Director of International School of Dravidian Linguistics in Trivandrum, the separation of Tamil and Kannada into independent languages from the Tamil–Kannada inner branch started with the separation of Tulu in about 1500 BCE and completed in about 300 BCE.
Tamil and Malayalam have both retroflex lateral (/ɭ/) and retroflex approximant (/ɻ/) sounds, whereas Kannada has retained only the retroflex lateral. Evidence shows that both retroflex approximant and the retroflex laterals were once (before the 10th century) also present in Kannada. However, all the retroflex approximants changed into retroflex laterals in Kannada later. In Kannada, the bilabial voiceless plosive (/p/) at the beginning of many words has disappeared to produce a velar fricative (/h/) or has disappeared completely. This change is unique to Kannada in the Dravidian family. Tamil does not show this change.
Tamil-Malayalam and Telugu show the conversion of Voiceless velar plosive (/k/) into Voiceless palatal plosive (/c/) at the beginning of the words (refer to comparative method for details). Kannada, however, is totally inert to this change and hence the velar plosives are retained as such or with minimum changes in the corresponding words.
Referencesedit
Citationsedit
^"Odia gets classical language status – The Hindu". The Hindu. 20 February 2014.
Sourcesedit
Krishnamurti, B., The Dravidian Languages, Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN0-521-77111-0.
Subrahmanyam, P.S., Dravidian Comparative Phonology, Annamalai University, 1983.
Zvelebil, Kamil., Dravidian Linguistics: An Introduction", PILC (Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture), 1990.
November 12, 2023
tamil, kannada, languages, tamil, kannada, inner, branch, zvelebil, 1990, southern, dravidian, subfamily, dravidian, languages, that, include, tamil, kannada, malayalam, there, have, been, slight, differences, dravidian, languages, grouped, various, dravidian,. Tamil Kannada is an inner branch Zvelebil 1990 56 of the Southern Dravidian I SDr I subfamily of the Dravidian languages that include Tamil Kannada and Malayalam There have been slight differences in the way Dravidian languages are grouped by various Dravidian linguists see Subrahmanyam 1983 Zvelebil 1990 Krishnamurthi 2003 Tamil Kannada itself is designated as a branch of the South Dravidian I subfamily and in turn branches off into Tamil Kota and Kannada Badaga The languages that constitute the Tamil Kannada branch are Tamil Kannada Malayalam Irula Toda Kota Kodava and Badaga Zvelebil 1990 56 Tamil KannadaGeographicdistributionSouth IndiaLinguistic classificationDravidianSouthern DravidianTamil KannadaSubdivisionsKannada Badaga Tamil KotaGlottologtami1291According to R C Hiremath Director of International School of Dravidian Linguistics in Trivandrum the separation of Tamil and Kannada into independent languages from the Tamil Kannada inner branch started with the separation of Tulu in about 1500 BCE and completed in about 300 BCE Kannada Tamil and Malayalam are recognized among the official languages of India and are spoken mainly in South India All three are officially recognized as classical languages by the Government of India along with Sanskrit Telugu and Odia 1 Contents 1 Phonological features 2 References 2 1 Citations 2 2 SourcesPhonological features editTamil and Malayalam have both retroflex lateral ɭ and retroflex approximant ɻ sounds whereas Kannada has retained only the retroflex lateral Evidence shows that both retroflex approximant and the retroflex laterals were once before the 10th century also present in Kannada However all the retroflex approximants changed into retroflex laterals in Kannada later In Kannada the bilabial voiceless plosive p at the beginning of many words has disappeared to produce a velar fricative h or has disappeared completely This change is unique to Kannada in the Dravidian family Tamil does not show this change Tamil Malayalam and Telugu show the conversion of Voiceless velar plosive k into Voiceless palatal plosive c at the beginning of the words refer to comparative method for details Kannada however is totally inert to this change and hence the velar plosives are retained as such or with minimum changes in the corresponding words References editCitations edit Odia gets classical language status The Hindu The Hindu 20 February 2014 Sources edit Krishnamurti B The Dravidian Languages Cambridge University Press 2003 ISBN 0 521 77111 0 Subrahmanyam P S Dravidian Comparative Phonology Annamalai University 1983 Zvelebil Kamil Dravidian Linguistics An Introduction PILC Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture 1990 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tamil Kannada languages amp oldid 1181609311, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
