Taganrog
Taganrog (Russian: Таганрог, IPA: [təɡɐnˈrok]) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of the Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. Population: 245,120 (2021 Census);[16] 257,681 (2010 Census);[8] 281,947 (2002 Census);[17] 291,622 (1989 Census).[18]
Taganrog Таганрог | |
|---|---|
Aerial view of the port of Taganrog (2006) | |
Flag Coat of arms | |
| Anthem: Anthem of Taganrog[2] | |
Taganrog Location of Taganrog Taganrog Taganrog (European Russia) Taganrog Taganrog (Europe) | |
| Coordinates: 47°13′N 38°55′E / 47.217°N 38.917°ECoordinates: 47°13′N 38°55′E / 47.217°N 38.917°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Rostov Oblast[1] |
| Founded | September 12, 1698[3] |
| City status since | 1775[4] |
| Government | |
| • Body | City Duma[5] |
| • Head[5] | Mikhail Solonitsin[6] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 80 km2 (30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 30 m (100 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 257,681 |
| • Estimate (2018)[9] | 249,848 (−3%) |
| • Rank | 72nd in 2010 |
| • Density | 3,200/km2 (8,300/sq mi) |
| • Subordinated to | Taganrog Urban Okrug[1] |
| • Capital of | Taganrog Urban Okrug[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Taganrog Urban Okrug[10] |
| • Capital of | Taganrog Urban Okrug[10] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [11]) |
| Postal code(s)[12] | 347900, 347902, 347904, 347905, 347909, 347910, 347913, 347916, 347919, 347922–347924, 347927, 347928, 347930–347932, 347935, 347936, 347939, 347942, 347943, 347949, 347990 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8634 |
| OKTMO ID | 60737000001 |
| City Day | September 12[3] |
| Website | www |
| 2010 Census | 257,681[8] |
|---|---|
| 2002 Census | 281,947[13] |
| 1989 Census | 291,622[14] |
| 1979 Census | 276,444[15] |
History of Taganrog
The history of the city goes back to the late Bronze Age–early Iron Age (between the 20th and 10th centuries BC), when it was the earliest Greek settlement in the northwestern Black Sea Region and was mentioned by the Greek historian Herodotus as Emporion Kremnoi.[19]
In the 13th century, Pisan merchants founded a colony, Portus Pisanus, which was however short-lived.[20] Taganrog was founded by Peter the Great on 12 September 1698.[3] The first Russian Navy base, it hosted the Azov Flotilla of Catherine the Great (1770–1783), which subsequently became the Russian Black Sea Fleet. Taganrog was granted city status in 1775.[4]
By the end of the 18th century, Taganrog had lost its importance as a military base after Crimea and the entire Sea of Azov were absorbed into the Russian Empire. In 1802, Tsar Alexander I granted the city special status, which lasted until 1887. In 1825, the Alexander I Palace in Taganrog was used as his summer residence, and he died there in November 1825. Also in Taganrog is the House of Teacher, a mansion where numerous artists have performed.
Although it had been bombarded and damaged by an Anglo-French fleet in 1855,[20] Taganrog became important as a commercial port, used for the import of grain by the end of the 19th century until the early 20th century. Industrialization increased in the city when Belgian and German investors founded a boiler factory, an iron and steel foundry, a leather factory, and an oil press factory. By 1911, fifteen foreign consulates had opened in the city.[21]
During World War I, Taganrog was occupied by the troops of the German Army from May to August 1918. In 1919, General Anton Denikin established his headquarters at the Avgerino mansion in the city while commanding White Russian troops fighting in South Russia during the Russian Civil War. When the White Russians were defeated and Bolshevik power was established in the city on 25 December 1919, Denikin's remaining troops and the British Consulate were evacuated by HMS Montrose. Full power was granted to the Executive Committee of The City Soviet Workers' council on 17 December 1920, and Taganrog briefly joined the Ukrainian SSR as the administrative center of Taganrog Okrug, until it was transferred to the Russian SFSR along with Shakhty Okrug on 1 October 1924.
During World War II, Taganrog was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1943 during Operation Barbarossa, when two SS divisions entered the city on 17 October 1941, followed by the Wehrmacht. The city suffered extensive damage. Under German occupation the local government system was replaced by a German-style Bürgermeisteramt (Mayor's Office), which governed the city until it was liberated by the Red Army on 30 August 1943.[citation needed]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Taganrog Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.[10]
Climate
The climate of Taganrog is temperate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). Taganrog experiences moderately cold (mild by Russian standards) winters and hot summers.
| Climate data for Taganrog (1991–2020, extremes 1905–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.6 (51.1) | 15.6 (60.1) | 22.0 (71.6) | 28.4 (83.1) | 35.8 (96.4) | 37.4 (99.3) | 40.5 (104.9) | 40.5 (104.9) | 35.6 (96.1) | 30.5 (86.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 14.5 (58.1) | 40.5 (104.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) | 1.3 (34.3) | 7.0 (44.6) | 15.4 (59.7) | 22.2 (72.0) | 27.1 (80.8) | 29.9 (85.8) | 29.5 (85.1) | 22.9 (73.2) | 15.0 (59.0) | 6.8 (44.2) | 1.7 (35.1) | 14.9 (58.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) | −1.9 (28.6) | 3.2 (37.8) | 10.9 (51.6) | 17.6 (63.7) | 22.3 (72.1) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.1 (75.4) | 18.0 (64.4) | 11.0 (51.8) | 3.8 (38.8) | −0.9 (30.4) | 10.9 (51.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −4.5 (23.9) | −4.2 (24.4) | 0.5 (32.9) | 7.5 (45.5) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.0 (64.4) | 20.2 (68.4) | 19.4 (66.9) | 13.8 (56.8) | 7.9 (46.2) | 1.6 (34.9) | −2.8 (27.0) | 7.6 (45.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.0 (−25.6) | −29.5 (−21.1) | −23.7 (−10.7) | −7.0 (19.4) | −0.9 (30.4) | 4.6 (40.3) | 9.6 (49.3) | 7.3 (45.1) | −0.2 (31.6) | −10.3 (13.5) | −20.9 (−5.6) | −26.1 (−15.0) | −32.0 (−25.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 58 (2.3) | 48 (1.9) | 45 (1.8) | 39 (1.5) | 51 (2.0) | 59 (2.3) | 39 (1.5) | 36 (1.4) | 49 (1.9) | 42 (1.7) | 49 (1.9) | 56 (2.2) | 571 (22.5) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 60 | 80 | 129 | 195 | 271 | 293 | 318 | 305 | 237 | 158 | 70 | 44 | 2,160 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[22] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Climatebase (sun 1916–2012)[23] | |||||||||||||
Economy
Taganrog is the leading industrial center of Rostov Oblast. Local industry is represented by aerospace, machine-building, automobile, military, iron and steel industry, engineering, metal traders and processors, timber, woodwork, pulp and paper, food, light, chemical and construction materials. The city is one of the major ports of the Sea of Azov.
The biggest company currently operating in Taganrog is Taganrog Iron & Steel Factory, (publicly traded company Tagmet), which manufactures steel, steel pipe, for oil and gas industry and consumer goods. The other major employer is Taganrog Auto Factory (TagAZ Ltd.), which originated from Taganrog Combine Harvester Factory. The plant manufactures automobiles licensed by Hyundai. The production line includes Hyundai Accent compact sedan, mid-size Hyundai Sonata, sport utility vehicle Santa Fe, and Hyundai Porter pickup truck. Taganrog is also home to the aircraft design bureau Beriev.
The area around Taganrog has a large industrial potential, a diversified agricultural industry, production plants, and a modern infrastructure. The location of Taganrog on the intersection of traffic routes and the seaport facilitate access to the emerging CIS markets.
Taganrog's main trading partners are the CIS countries, South Korea, Turkey, Italy, Greece, and Egypt.
Military
The Taganrog air base is six kilometres (3 nmi) northwest of the city and hosts the Taganrog Aviation Museum. The city also hosts the Taganrog military museum.
Higher education
- Taganrog College of Technologies
- Taganrog State Pedagogical Institute
- Taganrog College of Management and Economy
Culture
Taganrog in literature
Anton Chekhov featured the city and its people in many of his works, including Ionych, The House with an Attic, The Man in a Shell, Van'ka, Three Years, Mask, and My Life. It is believed that Taganrog may have been the Lukomorye (fairy tale land) in which Alexander Pushkin's Ruslan and Lyudmila (1820) was set.[24] The city also appeared in the novels of Ivan Vasilenko and Konstantin Paustovsky and in the poems of Nikolay Sherbina and Valentin Parnakh.
The legend of "Elder Fyodor Kuzmich" is cited in the book Roza Mira by Russian mystic Daniil Andreyev. According to this legend, the Russian tsar Alexander I did not die in Taganrog, but instead left his crown and the status of monarch to continue his life as a traveling hermit.[25]
In foreign literature, the city was mentioned in the titles of Der Tote von Taganrog by Eberhard von Cranach-Sichart and Taganrog by Reinhold Schneider.
In 2004 Sabine Wichert published a collection of poems titled Taganrog.
In Maria Kuncewiczowa's 1945 novel The Stranger (New York, LB Fischer publisher), the city of Taganrog plays an essential role as a place of nostalgic happiness for the uprooted Polish musician and matriarch, Rose.
Notable people
Numerous Russian and international aristocrats, politicians, artists, and scientists were born and/or have lived in Taganrog. Taganrog is the native city of
- Anton Chekhov,
- Faina Ranevskaya,
- Sophia Parnok,
- Alexandre Koyré,
- Isaac Yakovlevich Pavlovsky,
- Witold Rowicki,
- Georgy Sedov (1877–1914), Russian Arctic explorer
- Dmitri Sinodi-Popov
It is also associated with:
- Peter I of Russia,
- Alexander I of Russia,
- Cornelius Cruys,
- Giuseppe Garibaldi,
- Pyotr Tchaikovsky,
- Adolph Brodsky,
- Konstantin Paustovsky,
- Nestor Kukolnik,
- Achilles Alferaki,
- Ioannis Varvakis,
- Vasily Zolotarev,
- Sergei Bondarchuk,
- William Frederick Yeames[citation needed]
Monument "Artyomka"
Twin towns – sister cities
- Antratsyt, Ukraine (2012)
- Badenweiler, Germany (2002)
- Cherven Bryag, Bulgaria (1963)
- Jining, China (2009)
- Khartsyzk, Ukraine (2009)
- Lüdenscheid, Germany (1991)
- Odessa, Ukraine
See also
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e Law #340-ZS
- ^ Decision #537
- ^ a b c Charter of Taganrog, Article 2
- ^ a b Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. pp. 454–455. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ a b Charter of Taganrog, Article 12
- ^ Official website of Taganrog. Mikhail Solonitsin, Head of the Administration of the City of Taganrog (in Russian)
- ^ Official website of Taganrog. Information About Taganrog (in Russian)
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ a b c Law #190-ZS
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "taganrogcity.com - Taganrog's Ancient History". taganrogcity.com.
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 355–356.
- ^ "taganrogcity.com - Taganrog History in the 19th Century". taganrogcity.com.
- ^ "Погода и Климат – Климат Таганрог" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Taganrog, Rostov, Russia #34720". Climatebase. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ Михайлов, В. Д. К локализации пушкинского Лукоморья (in Russian). Retrieved January 13, 2009.
- ^ Troubetzkoy, Alexis S. Imperial Legend: The Mysterious Disappearance of Tsar Alexander I. New York: Arcade, 2002
- ^ "Города - партнеры". tagancity.ru (in Russian). Taganrog. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
Sources
- Городская Дума Таганрога. Решение №537 от 25 октября 2007 г. «Об официальных символах муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"», в ред. Решения №73 от 31 марта 2015 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые Решения Городской Думы города Таганрога». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Официальный Таганрог", №35, 10 ноября 2007 г. (City Duma of Taganrog. Decision #537 of October 25, 2007 On the Official Symbols of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog", as amended by the Decision #73 of March 31, 2015 On Amending Various Decisions of the City Duma of the City of Taganrog. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Городская Дума города Таганрога. Решение №318 от 3 июня 2011 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"», в ред. Решения №243 от 29 сентября 2016 г «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования, произведённого после регистрации. Опубликован: "Официальный вестник Таганрога", №16, 25 июля 2011 г. (City Duma of the City of Taganrog. Decision #318 of June 3, 2011 On Adopting the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog", as amended by the Decision #243 of September 29, 2016 On Amending and Supplementing the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog". Effective as of the day of the official publication after the registration.).
- Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №340-ЗС от 25 июля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области», в ред. Закона №270-ЗС от 27 ноября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Наше время", №187–190, 28 июля 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #340-ZS of July 28, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast, as amended by the Law #270-ZS of November 27, 2014 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №190-ЗС от 19 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границы и наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"», в ред. Закона №980-ЗС от 25 октября 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в областные Законы "Об установлении границы и наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования "Город Таганрог" и "Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования "Неклиновский район" и муниципальных образований в его составе"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Наше время", №293–295 (без приложений), 30 ноября 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #190-ZS of November 19, 2004 On Establishing the Border and Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog", as amended by the Law #980-ZS of October 25, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Laws "On Establishing the Border and Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog" and "On Establishing the Borders and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of "Neklinovsky District" and to the Municipal Formations It Comprises". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
External links
- Taganrogcity.com: official City of Taganrog website—(in English)
- Tagancity.ru: official website of Taganrog city—(in Russian)
- Taganrog.su: unofficial website of Taganrog—(in Russian)
- —(in Russian)
- Russ-yug.ru: Weather forecasts for Taganrog