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Tboli people

April 10, 2024

The Tboli people[2] (IPA: ['tʔbɔli]) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to South Cotabato in southern Mindanao in the Philippines.

Tboli
An elderly Tboli woman in Tboli attire.
Total population
181,125 (2020 census)[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Philippines (Soccsksargen, Davao Region)
Languages
Tboli, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Filipino
Religion
Christianity
Islam
Tboli polytheism
Related ethnic groups
Austronesian peoples, Lumad, and Sama-Bajau peoples
A Tboli sculpture, on display in the Tboli museum near Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Philippines.
A Tboli rural residence.

Tbolis currently reside on the mountain slopes on either side of the upper Alah Valley and the coastal area of Maitum, Maasim and Kiamba in the province of Sarangani. In former times, the Tbolis also resided in the upper floor of the Alah Valley. After World War II and the arrival of settlers from other parts of the Philippines, they have been gradually pushed to the mountain slopes. As of now, they have almost been expelled from the fertile valley floor.

Like their immediate neighbouring ethnic groups, the Úbûs, Blàan, Blit, Tàú-Segél, and the Tasaday, they have historically been described as pagans, animists, etc., as opposed to Muslim peoples or Christian settlers. In political contexts, however, the Cebuano term "Lumad" ("native") has become an umbrella term for the various polytheistic peoples of Mindanao.

In ethnographic and linguistic literature on Mindanao, their name is variously spelt Tboli, T'boli, Tböli, Tagabili, Tagabilil, Tagabulul and Tau Bilil. Their endonym is Tboli. Their whereabouts and identity are somewhat imprecise in the literature; some publications present the Tboli and the Tagabili as distinct peoples; some locate the Tbolis in the vicinity of Lake Buluan in the Cotabato Basin or in Agusan del Norte.

Tbolis speak their native language of the same name. However, over the decades, Tbolis can speak and understand Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Tagalog and to the some extent, Ilocano, alongside their own native language. These languages were brought and introduced by these settlers from Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Negros, Panay, Tagalog-speaking regions, Central Luzon and Ilocandia, upon their arrival into Tboli homelands during the early 20th century.

They are considered to be an indigenous people in Philippine law.

Music edit

Main articles: Music of the Philippines and Agung

The Tboli have a musical heritage consisting of various types of agung ensembles – ensembles composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed gongs that act as drone without any accompanying melodic instrument.

Other instruments include the hegelung.[3]

Tboli religion edit

See also: List of Philippine mythological figures
 
Tnalak cloth of Tboli dream weavers have patterns inspired by dreams and blessed by Fu Dalu, the Tboli god of abacá[4]

The Tboli have a tradition of a highly complex polytheistic religion. However, more recent variants of their religion have been influenced by Islam and Christianity. Nevertheless, some continue to preserve religious practices from thousands of years old traditions.

Immortals edit

  • Bulon La Mogoaw: one of two supreme deities; married to Kadaw La Sambad; lives in the seventh layer of the universe[5]
  • Kadaw La Sambad: the second supreme deities; married to Bulon La Mogoaw; lives in the seventh layer of the universe[6]
  • Cumucul: son of the supreme deities; has a cohort of fire, a sword, and shield; married to Boi’Kafil[7]
  • Boi’Kafil: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Cumucul[8]
  • Bong Libun: daughter of the supreme deities; married to S’fedat; could not bear children[9]
  • S’fedat: son of the supreme deities; married to Bong Libun; could not bear children; asked Bong Libun to instead kill him, where his body became the land from which plants spout from[10]
  • D’wata: son of the supreme deities; married to both Sedek We and Hyu We; placed the land-body of S’fedat on the sea[11]
  • Sedek We: daughter of the supreme deities; married to D’wata[12]
  • Hyu We: daughter of the supreme deities; married to D’wata[13]
  • Blotik: son of the supreme deities; married to S’lel[14]
  • S’lel: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Blotik[15]
  • B’lomi: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Mule[16]
  • Mule: son of the supreme deities; married to B’lomi[17]
  • Loos K’lagan: son of the supreme deities; married to both La Fun and Datu B’noling[18]
  • La Fun: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Loos K’lagan[19]
  • Datu B’noling: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Loos K’lagan[20]
  • Children of D’wata and Hyu We
  • Children of D’wata and Sedek We
  • Fu: spirits that inhabit and own the natural environment[35]
    • Fu El: the spirit of water[36]
    • Fu El Melel: the spirit of the river[37]
  • D’wata (general): the generic term for the gods;[38] guard lives and determine fate and destiny[39]
  • Muhen: a god of fate in the form of a bird whose song when heard is thought to presage misfortune; any undertaking is immediately abandoned or postponed when one hears the Muhen sing[40]
  • Glinton: the god of metallurgy[41]

References edit

  1. ^ "Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 4, 2023.
  2. ^ Rebollido, Rommel (May 5, 2023). "IP advocates: no apostrophes in Blaan, Tboli". MindaNews. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  3. ^ Mercurio, Philip Dominguez (2006). "Traditional Music of the Southern Philippines". PnoyAndTheCity: A center for Kulintang – A home for Pasikings. Retrieved November 21, 2006.
  4. ^ Lush, Emily. "Making of: T'nalak Weaving, Philippines". The Textile Atlas. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
  5. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  6. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  7. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  8. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  9. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  10. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  11. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  12. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  13. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  14. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  15. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  16. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  17. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  18. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  19. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  20. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  21. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  22. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  23. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  24. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  25. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  26. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  27. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  28. ^ Hyndman, D., Duhaylungsod, L., Thomas, B. (1994). To the last grain of rice: T'boli subsistence production. Springer.
  29. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  30. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  31. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  32. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  33. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  34. ^ Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122-123.
  35. ^ Cudera, R. B., Razon, B. C., Millondaga, K. J. I. (2020). Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity.
  36. ^ Cudera, R. B., Razon, B. C., Millondaga, K. J. I. (2020). Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity.
  37. ^ Cudera, R. B., Razon, B. C., Millondaga, K. J. I. (2020). Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity.
  38. ^ Talavera, Manalo, Baybay, Saludario, Dizon, Mauro, Porquerino, Novela, Yakit, Banares, Francisco, Inocencio, Rongavilla, Cruz (2013). The T'boli: Songs, Stories and Society. University of the Philippines.
  39. ^ Cudera, R. B., Razon, B. C., Millondaga, K. J. I. (2020). Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity.
  40. ^ Manzano, L. C. The T’boli. National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
  41. ^ Manzano, L. C. The T’boli. National Commission for Culture and the Arts.

External links edit

  • Photographic and written account of a week spent with the Tboli of Lake Sebu by a traveler
  • T'boli elder and child
  • Preserving Culture: the T'boli tribe of Mindanao, Philippines by Alan Geoghegan & Ursula Schloer

April 10, 2024
tboli, people, tʔbɔli, austronesian, ethnic, group, native, south, cotabato, southern, mindanao, philippines, tbolian, elderly, tboli, woman, tboli, attire, total, population181, 2020, census, regions, with, significant, populations, philippines, soccsksargen,. The Tboli people 2 IPA tʔbɔli are an Austronesian ethnic group native to South Cotabato in southern Mindanao in the Philippines TboliAn elderly Tboli woman in Tboli attire Total population181 125 2020 census 1 Regions with significant populations Philippines Soccsksargen Davao Region LanguagesTboli Cebuano Hiligaynon FilipinoReligionChristianityIslamTboli polytheismRelated ethnic groupsAustronesian peoples Lumad and Sama Bajau peoplesA Tboli sculpture on display in the Tboli museum near Lake Sebu South Cotabato Philippines A Tboli rural residence Tbolis currently reside on the mountain slopes on either side of the upper Alah Valley and the coastal area of Maitum Maasim and Kiamba in the province of Sarangani In former times the Tbolis also resided in the upper floor of the Alah Valley After World War II and the arrival of settlers from other parts of the Philippines they have been gradually pushed to the mountain slopes As of now they have almost been expelled from the fertile valley floor Like their immediate neighbouring ethnic groups the Ubus Blaan Blit Tau Segel and the Tasaday they have historically been described as pagans animists etc as opposed to Muslim peoples or Christian settlers In political contexts however the Cebuano term Lumad native has become an umbrella term for the various polytheistic peoples of Mindanao In ethnographic and linguistic literature on Mindanao their name is variously spelt Tboli T boli Tboli Tagabili Tagabilil Tagabulul and Tau Bilil Their endonym is Tboli Their whereabouts and identity are somewhat imprecise in the literature some publications present the Tboli and the Tagabili as distinct peoples some locate the Tbolis in the vicinity of Lake Buluan in the Cotabato Basin or in Agusan del Norte Tbolis speak their native language of the same name However over the decades Tbolis can speak and understand Cebuano Hiligaynon Tagalog and to the some extent Ilocano alongside their own native language These languages were brought and introduced by these settlers from Cebu Bohol Siquijor Negros Panay Tagalog speaking regions Central Luzon and Ilocandia upon their arrival into Tboli homelands during the early 20th century They are considered to be an indigenous people in Philippine law Contents 1 Music 2 Tboli religion 2 1 Immortals 3 References 4 External linksMusic editMain articles Music of the Philippines and Agung The Tboli have a musical heritage consisting of various types of agung ensembles ensembles composed of large hanging suspended or held bossed knobbed gongs that act as drone without any accompanying melodic instrument Other instruments include the hegelung 3 Tboli religion editSee also List of Philippine mythological figures nbsp Tnalak cloth of Tboli dream weavers have patterns inspired by dreams and blessed by Fu Dalu the Tboli god of abaca 4 The Tboli have a tradition of a highly complex polytheistic religion However more recent variants of their religion have been influenced by Islam and Christianity Nevertheless some continue to preserve religious practices from thousands of years old traditions Immortals edit Bulon La Mogoaw one of two supreme deities married to Kadaw La Sambad lives in the seventh layer of the universe 5 Kadaw La Sambad the second supreme deities married to Bulon La Mogoaw lives in the seventh layer of the universe 6 Cumucul son of the supreme deities has a cohort of fire a sword and shield married to Boi Kafil 7 Boi Kafil daughter of the supreme deities married to Cumucul 8 Bong Libun daughter of the supreme deities married to S fedat could not bear children 9 S fedat son of the supreme deities married to Bong Libun could not bear children asked Bong Libun to instead kill him where his body became the land from which plants spout from 10 D wata son of the supreme deities married to both Sedek We and Hyu We placed the land body of S fedat on the sea 11 Sedek We daughter of the supreme deities married to D wata 12 Hyu We daughter of the supreme deities married to D wata 13 Blotik son of the supreme deities married to S lel 14 S lel daughter of the supreme deities married to Blotik 15 B lomi daughter of the supreme deities married to Mule 16 Mule son of the supreme deities married to B lomi 17 Loos K lagan son of the supreme deities married to both La Fun and Datu B noling 18 La Fun daughter of the supreme deities married to Loos K lagan 19 Datu B noling daughter of the supreme deities married to Loos K lagan 20 Children of D wata and Hyu We L tik 21 B langa 22 Temo Lus 23 T dolok 24 Ginton 25 L mugot M ngay 26 Fun Bulol 27 the owner of wild animals 28 Children of D wata and Sedek We Kayung 29 Slew 30 S mbleng 31 Nagwawang 32 Nga Hule 33 S ntan 34 Fu spirits that inhabit and own the natural environment 35 Fu El the spirit of water 36 Fu El Melel the spirit of the river 37 D wata general the generic term for the gods 38 guard lives and determine fate and destiny 39 Muhen a god of fate in the form of a bird whose song when heard is thought to presage misfortune any undertaking is immediately abandoned or postponed when one hears the Muhen sing 40 Glinton the god of metallurgy 41 References edit Ethnicity in the Philippines 2020 Census of Population and Housing Philippine Statistics Authority Retrieved July 4 2023 Rebollido Rommel May 5 2023 IP advocates no apostrophes in Blaan Tboli MindaNews Retrieved May 10 2023 Mercurio Philip Dominguez 2006 Traditional Music of the Southern Philippines PnoyAndTheCity A center for Kulintang A home for Pasikings Retrieved November 21 2006 Lush Emily Making of T nalak Weaving Philippines The Textile Atlas Retrieved December 13 2018 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Hyndman D Duhaylungsod L Thomas B 1994 To the last grain of rice T boli subsistence production Springer Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Casal G 1978 The T boli Creation Myth and Religion T boli Art in its Socio Cultural Context pp 122 123 Cudera R B Razon B C Millondaga K J I 2020 Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata Insecta to the T boli of Lake Sebu Mindanao Philippines Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Cudera R B Razon B C Millondaga K J I 2020 Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata Insecta to the T boli of Lake Sebu Mindanao Philippines Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Cudera R B Razon B C Millondaga K J I 2020 Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata Insecta to the T boli of Lake Sebu Mindanao Philippines Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Talavera Manalo Baybay Saludario Dizon Mauro Porquerino Novela Yakit Banares Francisco Inocencio Rongavilla Cruz 2013 The T boli Songs Stories and Society University of the Philippines Cudera R B Razon B C Millondaga K J I 2020 Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata Insecta to the T boli of Lake Sebu Mindanao Philippines Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Manzano L C The T boli National Commission for Culture and the Arts Manzano L C The T boli National Commission for Culture and the Arts External links editPhotographic and written account of a week spent with the Tboli of Lake Sebu by a traveler T boli elder and child Preserving Culture the T boli tribe of Mindanao Philippines by Alan Geoghegan amp Ursula Schloer Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tboli people amp oldid 1196396646, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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