Great Wall Motor
Great Wall Motor Co., Ltd. (GWM)[2] is a Chinese privately owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Baoding, Hebei. Founded in 1984, it is currently the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in China, with 1.281 million sales in 2021.
Logo used since 2007 | |||||||
GWM R&D Center in Baoding | |||||||
| Company type | Public | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEHK: 2333 | |||||||
| Industry | Automotive | ||||||
| Founded | 1984 | ||||||
| Headquarters | Baoding, Hebei, China | ||||||
Area served | Worldwide | ||||||
Key people |
| ||||||
| Products | Automobiles, engines, transmissions, electric vehicles | ||||||
| Revenue | CN¥ 137.33 billion[1] (2022) | ||||||
| CN¥ 5.12 billion[1] (2022) | |||||||
| CN¥ 8.27 billion[1] (2022) | |||||||
| Total assets | CN¥ 185.36 billion[1] (2022) | ||||||
| Divisions | |||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 長城汽車股份有限公司 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Great Wall Motors | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 长城汽车 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 長城汽車 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Website | gwm.com.cn (Chinese) gwm-global.com (global) | ||||||
Named after the Great Wall of China, the company is China's largest producer of sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) and pick-up trucks.[3] In 2021, it was also the third largest Chinese plug-in electric vehicle manufacturer in the Chinese market, with 4% of market share.[4]
The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as GWM, Haval, Wey, Tank, Poer, and Ora. It also produces electric vehicles under some of the previously listed brandings. Since 2019, GWM also entered a joint venture with BMW Group to produce electric Mini vehicles in China, under the name Spotlight Automotive.
History edit
Established in 1984, Great Wall began with low volume production trucks such as the CC130. They later made the CC513, using the chassis from the Beijing BJ212. In 1993, they started producing a series of different passenger vehicles, starting with a sedan called the CC1020, with styling heavily resembling the Nissan Cedric Y30.[5] This was followed by the CC1020S with styling based on the Toyota Crown (S130) along with a station wagon version, the CC6470.[5] Other early Great Wall models includes a BJ212-based crew cab pickup (also called CC1020S), a BJ212-based station wagon, the CC6490, a small sedan known as the Hawk CC6470 and a clone of the Rolls-Royce Silver Spur.[5] In 1994, the Chinese government halted the production because Great Wall didn't have the right permit for car productions.[5]
In 1996, Great Wall focused on only trucks, not producing another sedan car until 2010.[6] The company has been a very successful producer of pick-ups first reaching top position in the Chinese pick-up market in 1998.[7]
Making an initial public offering on the Hong Kong stock exchange on 15 December 2003,[8] Great Wall was the first private Chinese auto manufacturer to become a public company.[9] On 27 September 2011, the company announced it had sold 304 million domestic A shares, and began listing on the Shanghai Stock Exchange the next day.[10]
Sales in 2010 were measured at less than 400,000 (near 2% market share)[clarification needed] with exports a small portion of that figure at little more than 50,000,[citation needed] no increase from 2009 figures.[citation needed] That same year saw the Great Wall Haval H series as the second most-purchased SUV in China[11] although this figure may technically include two discrete models, the Great Wall Haval H3 and the Great Wall Haval H5.[citation needed]
Manufacturing for 2011 resulted in 486,800 units, and output this year was the tenth largest of any vehicle maker in China.[12] In 2012, it was reported that the company only allows workers one day off per week and new hires undergo months-long, military-style training.[13]
Great Wall started selling in Europe in 2006, offering small vans.[14] A lot of 500 SUVs were shipped to Italy in 2006 as well.[15] Great Wall products were first available in the Australian market in 2009,[16] and the company was, as of 2010, the only Chinese car manufacturer to sell in the EU.[citation needed] European sales continue, with the 2011 opening of a factory in Bulgaria that assembles three different models from knock-down kits.[17]
In April 2017, GWM released a new premium SUV brand named WEY.[18]
In May 2017, the company launched its first electric new energy vehicle, Great Wall C30EV.[19]
In July 2018, GWM and German manufacturer BMW announced a partnership to produce electric Mini vehicles in China.[20]
In January 2020, GWM agreed buy the Talegaon plant owned by General Motors India as part of the company's aim to manufacture and sell cars in India.[21]
In February 2020, GWM reached a deal with General Motors to purchase the General Motors Thailand plant in Rayong province.[22]
Sales and operations edit
Great Wall's primary base of operations is located in Baoding, Hebei province. A site in Tianjin began operating in 2011. A second base of operations in Baoding become operational in October 2013, located in Xushui county.[23]
Overseas markets edit
Great Wall products are available in many places across the globe, with many third-party factories producing models from knock-down kits, such as those located in Bulgaria,[24] Ecuador,[25] Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran,[26] Indonesia, Nigeria,[27] Pakistan,[28] Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Ukraine,[29] and Vietnam.
In Europe, GWM is present in Romania,[30] Bulgaria,[31] North Macedonia,[32] and Serbia.[33] The Great Wall marque was also available in Western European markets such as Italy[34] and the United Kingdom with a range of commercial vehicles being sold,[35] but the company stopped supplying new vehicles to these markets with the dealer network being used for warranty work.[36] In 2021, GWM opened a new European base in Munich[37][38] in order to launch the Ora Good Cat EV in France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom (with the car to be rebranded as the Ora Funky Cat in many of these markets).[39][40][41]
In the Americas, GWM first landed in Paraguay,[42] and now it is present in Brazil, Belize, Ecuador,[43] Chile,[44] Costa Rica,[45] Uruguay,[46] Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, and Guatemala.
Australia edit
Great Wall was launched in Australia in 2009 by an independent distributor. In May 2016, GWM set up a factory-backed distribution operation, coinciding with the launch of the Haval brand on the Australian market.[47] As of October 2021, Australia was GWM's largest export market.[48] According to official VFACTS reporting from Australia's Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries (FCAI), GWM Haval sold a total of 18,384 units in the 2021 calendar year, placing GWM Haval 14th overall on the Australian market, ahead of Honda.[49] As of 2023, GWM Australia features a range of models including SUVs, pickup trucks, and electric vehicles.
Brazil edit
On 18 August 2021, the company announced the start of operations in Brazil with the acquisition of a former Mercedes-Benz plant in the city Iracemápolis, São Paulo. The annual production capacity would reach 100,000 vehicles, and would create nearly 2,000 local jobs. The production would cover both Brazil domestic market and the rest of South America.[50] On 27 January 2022, details and launch of factory was presented. According news, GWM will offer 10 models in Brazil, most of then hybrid electric SUVs and pick-ups, with a planned investment of R$10 billion.[51]
Bulgaria edit
Together with the Bulgarian company Litex Motors, Great Wall has a production base in Bahovitsa,[24] near the town of Lovech, Bulgaria, that became operational in February 2012.[52] As of 2012, the factory had the capacity to assemble 2,000 cars per year[53] from knock-down kits.[17] Initially only making the Voleex C10, the factory later added production of an SUV and a pick-up, the Hover 6 and the Steed 5.[17]
As of January 2015, the company had a production output of about 5,000 vehicles per year (the Hover H6 and the Steed 5 models) and was planning to reach up to 8,000 vehicles within a year or two.[54] By mid-2016, the company had a total of 14 dealerships in 12 Bulgarian cities, three of them in the capital Sofia.[55]
Germany edit
Following the joint venture with BMW AG, an office was opened in 2021, where EDAG was, Max-Diamand-Straße 7, in front of BMW Forschungs- und Innovationszentrum and Polizei Inspektion 47 Milbertshofen in Munich. After presenting the ORA car at IAA in 2021, the objective of CEO Qiao Xianghua was to hire up to 300 employees in the Design and Engineering sector for working services to BMW R&D, sales and management in complete vehicle integration, vehicle component development, development and integration of electronic power system platforms, smart driving and Internet of Vehicles.[56] EDAG had built another Engineering Building at Frankfurter Ring 77, where a Renault dealer second hand vehicles parking lot was, and left the building empty for GWM to rent it.[57]
India edit
In 2020, Great Wall announced its plans to acquire the General Motors India manufacturing facility in Talegaon, Maharashtra, with an intent to launch sales in 2021.[58] In June 2020, it committed to a phased investment of $1 billion but no date was confirmed for the start of production,[59] despite the expectation for confirmation of the investment approval by the Indian government by the end of 2020.[60]
In July 2022, the company officially announced its exit from India, and fired all its employees. In an official statement, the company said: "We would like to thank all the members of Indian team for their contribution, We would continue to study the Indian market and look for opportunity in the future".[61]
According to many reports some of the reasons for this exit were:
- Failed to get FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) approval from Indian Government.
- Unable to receive clearance to acquire a former General Motors plant in Talegaon, Maharashtra.[62]
- No opportunistic takeover during COVID-19 pandemic.
Iran edit
The Iranian motor company Diar has assembled Great Wall vehicles from knock-down kits.[26]
Pakistan edit
The Pakistani automotive manufacturer Sazgar assembles Haval SUVs under a joint venture with Great Wall Motor.[28] Under this joint venture, the Haval H6 HEV became the first hybrid electric vehicle to be assembled in Pakistan.[63] In February 2024, Sazgar launched the GWM Ora 03.[64] [65][66]
Southeast Asia edit
Thailand edit
In 2013, GWM had plans to invest $340 million for a new factory in Thailand,[67] but this expansion effort was scrapped in early 2014.[68] On February 17, 2020, General Motors announced it will exit from the Thai market and sell its Rayong plant to GWM by the end of the year.[69] On 30 September 2020, GWM signed a share sales and purchase agreement with General Motors to acquire GM's production facilities in Rayong, with a plan to begin production in the first quarter of 2021 with automobile production capacity of 80,000 units annually.[70]
In October 2023, GWM announced plans to produce eight electric vehicle models at its Rayong plant in Thailand, starting in the first quarter of 2024.[71][72] In January 2024, the company began the production of the Ora Good Cat. It is the first electric vehicle produced at its Rayong plant.[73]
Malaysia edit
Great Wall Motor Sales Malaysia was set up in 2022 in Menara Binjai, Kuala Lumpur, with the company having a warehouse in the Klang Valley and a plan with Go Auto Group for localized CKD assembly of their models.[74][75] GWM is expected to launch the Ora Good Cat EV in Malaysia, alongside a couple of hybrid-powered Havals, the Haval Jolion and the Haval H6, with the Poer P12 and Poer P11 double-cab pick-up trucks coming under the main GWM brand.[76][77][78][79]
Philippines edit
In April 2023, GWM entered the Philippine market under Luxuriant Automotive Group, initially offering the Haval Jolion (HEV and non-HEV variants), Haval H6 and GWM Cannon.[80]
Indonesia edit
In August 2023, GWM, in collaboration with Inchcape plc and Indomobil Group, entered Indonesia and appeared at the 30th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show. The event showcased their range of hybrid and electric vehicles under the Haval, Tank and Ora brands.[81] GWM vehicles went on sale in Indonesia in March 2024.[82]
South Africa edit
GWM made its debut in South Africa in March 2007. As of 2022[update], the company have a national dealer network of more than 66 dealerships.[83]
Russia edit
In September 2015, GWM broke ground on a new plant located in the Tula Region, Russia.[84] The plant is slated to have a total production capacity of 150,000 units per year if the project is successful enough to warrant a second phase of expansion.[68] Initially scheduled to open in 2017, the facility is touted as an "all-process vehicle plant".[84]
Research and development edit
While R&D activities commenced in 1998,[29] in 2010 the company began construction of a technical center in Baoding, Hebei province.[85] Part of an effort to increase R&D investment,[86] the center may become fully operational in 2013 as Great Wall states it will obtain "world-leading R&D... and technical ability" by that year.[29]
Currently, component design may rely heavily on foreign technical assistance, and some hard-to-source parts may be provisioned from overseas;[citation needed] the company states it has cooperative agreements with companies such as Autoliv, Delphi Automotive, BorgWarner, Robert Bosch GmbH, the German company Brose, Ricardo plc, TRW Automotive, and Valeo in regards to specific parts such as engines, transmissions, door locks, and airbags, etc.[29] As of 2009, some models used Mitsubishi engines and Siemens electronic systems—both sourced in China.[87]
In January 2016, GWM has announced the creation of a R&D center in Yokohama, Japan as part of a strategy to enter the Japanese auto market.[88]
In June 2016, GWM has announced the creation of a R&D center in Bangalore, India as part of a strategy to enter the Indian auto market.
Brands edit
While its entire model line initially carried the same badge, the company around 2010 began differentiating its SUV, passenger car, and pick-up truck offerings naming them Haval, Voleex and Wingle respectively.[29]
Haval became independent around 2013.[89][90] Around 2016, the Voleex nameplate was dropped, and by 2020, the firm would not be selling Great Wall branded passenger cars at all anymore (at least in certain international markets) as all their SUVs would carry the Haval name, whilst their pick-ups, including the replacement for the Great Wall Steed (known as the Model P/Poer/Cannon/Ute),[91][92][93] was branded under the GWM marque.[94][95]
Additionally, Great Wall established three new brands — Wey in 2017 for premium vehicles, Ora in 2018 for electric vehicles, and Tank in 2021 for luxury off-roaders.
Current brands edit
GWM edit
As the core brand of Great Wall, GWM originally produced many types of vehicles, but has since evolved to focus on pick-up trucks. GWM has a sub-brand called Poer (pronounced as power), which stands for Powerful, Off-road, Enjoyable and Reliable, with models such as the GWM Poer P11 and GWM Poer P12 on sale in selected markets across the world.[77][96][97][98]
Haval edit
Haval (Chinese: 哈弗; pinyin: Hāfú) is GWM's SUV brand. The Haval name was first used by the Great Wall Haval CUV (initially romanised as Hover, later renamed to Haval H3), which was introduced in April 2005. Haval was spun-off from a product line of GWM to a standalone brand in March 2013.
Ora edit
Ora (Chinese: 欧拉; pinyin: Oūlā) is positioned as GWM's electric car brand. The marque was officially launched with its first model Ora iQ on August 2018, and targeted female consumers. According to GWM, Ora stands for 'open, reliable and alternative', while also paying homage to Leonhard Euler, a notable mathematician.[99]
Tank edit
Tank is GWM's luxury off-road marque. Originally a sub-brand under Wey, Tank became independent when Great Wall launched the Tank 300 due to its significantly different styling and brand proposition.
-
-
-
- Tank 700
- Tank 800
Wey edit
Launched in 2017 and named after GWM chairman Wei Jianjun, Wey is Great Wall's luxury marque, focusing on crossovers and SUVs.
- Wey Gaoshan
- Wey Lanshan
-
Discontinued brand edit
Saloon edit
Saloon Auto (沙龙汽车) is a high-end luxury EV brand under Great Wall Motor (GWM), founded in 2021 with first product Saloon Mecha Dragon.
As of March 2023, the Saloon brand was cancelled, and the Saloon Mecha Dragon is transferred under the Ora brand.[100]
Joint venture edit
Spotlight Automotive edit
In November 2019, GWM and BMW Group established a joint venture to develop and produce Mini-branded battery electric vehicles in China. The joint venture is called Spotlight Automotive Ltd.[101] A manufacturing plant in Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu was constructed between 2020 and 2022.[102] The first mass-produced vehicle, a Mini Cooper SE (J01) rolled off from the plant on 14 October 2023.[103]
Sales edit
| Year | Total | Great Wall | Haval | Wey | Ora | Tank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 415,779 | 265,368 | 150,411 | - | - | - |
| 2011 | 518,965 | 353,407 | 165,558 | - | - | - |
| 2012 | 672,234 | 387,942 | 284,292 | - | - | - |
| 2013 | 803,449 | 384,303 | 419,196 | - | - | - |
| 2014 | 767,825 | 337,264 | 430,561 | - | - | - |
| 2015 | 871,315 | 204,663 | 666,652 | - | - | - |
| 2016 | 1,086,639 | 147,206 | 939,433 | - | - | - |
| 2017 | 1,085,654 | 144,385 | 854,842 | 86,427 | - | - |
| 2018 | 1,072,529 | 158,752 | 770,776 | 139,486 | 3,515 | - |
| 2019 | 1,097,451 | 166,057 | 792,586 | 99,943 | 38,865 | - |
| 2020 | 1,111,598 | 226,609 | 750,228 | 78,500 | 56,261 | - |
| 2021 | 1,280,993 | 233,006 | 770,008 | 58,363 | 135,028 | 84,588 |
| 2022 | 1,067,523 | 186,553 | 616,550 | 36,381 | 103,996 | 123,881 |
| 2023 | 1,230,704 | 202,330 | 715,188 | 41,602 | 108,518 | 162,539 |
Motorsport edit
The company made appearances at the Dakar Rally previously. In 2010, it first entered the race as car number 389,[105] with a modified model based on Haval H3,[106] and ranked 33rd.[107] The next year it finished 22nd as car number 373.[108][109] Its best rankings were achieved in the 2012 and 2013 editions, when the team finished sixth.[110][111] At the 2014 edition, the team had been competing with the new Haval H8 model, and finished in eighth.[112][113] Since 2015, the company decided to quit Dakar Rally, but kept participating in other domestic rally races.[114]
Controversies edit
Accusations of copied designs edit
Italian automaker Fiat has claimed that a Great Wall A-segment car, the Peri (Jing Ling in China), is a copy of its popular second generation Fiat Panda.[115] A 2008 Turin court ruling substantiated the claim stating that the Great Wall Peri, “doesn't look like a different car but is a [Fiat] Panda with a different front end.”[116] A copyright infringement case in Shijiazhuang, China, however, was rejected, with the court claiming that "consumers would not be confused between the two" as they are "clearly different, particularly the front and rear parts of the vehicles".[117]
Other Great Wall models were also inspired by products of foreign automakers. The Great Wall Florid looks like a Toyota ist, the Great Wall Sailor/SA220 resembles Nissan Frontier, the Great Wall Coolbear is essentially a copy of the first-generation Scion xB, and the original Great Wall Hover model looks like the Isuzu Axiom.[118][119]
Recalls edit
In 2012, almost 25,000 Chery and Great Wall cars were recalled by Ateco Automotives in Australia after discoveries of asbestos in the engine and exhaust gaskets. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission who monitored the recall, stated that the newly imported stock of both brands were not affected by the recall.[120] There was an investigation on GWM vehicles in 2014 in Italy to check for the presence of asbestos.[121][122]
Russo-Ukrainian War edit
Because of company's continued business with Russia amid Russian invasion of Ukraine, Great Wall Motor is listed among International Sponsors of War by Ukrainian National Agency on Corruption Prevention.[123]
See also edit
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- ^ Chang, Crystal (2009-08-13), "Developmental Strategies in a Global Economy: The Unexpected Emergence of China's Independent Auto Industry", APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper, p. 18, SSRN 1450117
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- ^ This is apparent from comparing the pictures shown in various press releases made by the company.
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- For continued use of Great Wall name and badge on SUV in 2012, see "Haval H6 crowned as 2012 CCTV SUV". haval-global.com. Great Wall Motors. 23 January 2013. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
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March 29 [2013]: Haval brand became independent officially, thus bringing GWM into an era of dual brand of Haval and Great Wall.
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- ^ "后达喀尔时代 哈弗赛事之路在何方？" [What lies ahead for Haval at its post-Dakar era]. ifeng.com (in Chinese). 2 July 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Fiat Is Considering Taking Legal Action To Stop Great Wall'S Panda Clone Being Sold In Europe". Italiaspeed. 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Great Wall banned from importing GWPeri minicar". Automotive News. 2008-07-18.
- ^ "IN BRIEF (Page 9): Fiat's copycat suit rejected". China Daily. 2008-09-22.
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External links edit
- Official website
- Official website of Haval in Paraguay
- Official website for Haval-branded products