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Spacing Modifier Letters

November 18, 2023

Not to be confused with Combining character, which modifies other characters, e.g. by adding diacritical marks.

Spacing Modifier Letters is a Unicode block containing characters for the IPA, UPA, and other phonetic transcriptions. Included are the IPA tone marks, and modifiers for aspiration and palatalization. The word spacing indicates that these characters occupy their own horizontal space within a line of text. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was simply Modifier Letters.[3]

Spacing Modifier Letters
RangeU+02B0..U+02FF
(80 code points)
PlaneBMP
ScriptsBopomofo (2 char.)
Latin (14 char.)
Common (64 char.)
Major alphabetsIPA
Assigned80 code points
Unused0 reserved code points
Unicode version history
1.0.0 (1991)57 (+57)
3.0 (1999)63 (+6)
4.0 (2003)80 (+17)
Unicode documentation
Code chart ∣ Web page
Note: [1][2]

Character table edit

Code Glyph (with guide) Decimal Description
Latin superscript modifier letters
U+02B0 ◌ʰ ʰ Modifier Letter Small H
U+02B1 ◌ʱ ʱ Modifier Letter Small H with hook
U+02B2 ◌ʲ ʲ Modifier Letter Small J
U+02B3 ◌ʳ ʳ Modifier Letter Small R
U+02B4 ◌ʴ ʴ Modifier Letter Small Turned R
U+02B5 ◌ʵ ʵ Modifier Letter Small Turned R with hook
U+02B6 ◌ʶ ʶ Modifier Letter Small Capital Inverted R
U+02B7 ◌ʷ ʷ Modifier Letter Small W
U+02B8 ◌ʸ ʸ Modifier Letter Small Y
Miscellaneous phonetic modifiers
U+02B9 ◌ʹ ʹ Modifier Letter Prime
U+02BA ◌ʺ ʺ Modifier Letter Double Prime
U+02BB ◌ʻ ʻ Modifier Letter Turned Comma
U+02BC ◌ʼ ʼ Modifier Letter Apostrophe
U+02BD ◌ʽ ʽ Modifier Letter Reversed Comma
U+02BE ◌ʾ ʾ Modifier Letter Right Half Ring
U+02BF ◌ʿ ʿ Modifier Letter Left Half Ring
U+02C0 ◌ˀ ˀ Modifier Letter Glottal Stop
U+02C1 ◌ˁ ˁ Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop
U+02C2 ◌˂ ˂ Modifier Letter Left Arrowhead
U+02C3 ◌˃ ˃ Modifier Letter Right Arrowhead
U+02C4 ◌˄ ˄ Modifier Letter Up Arrowhead
U+02C5 ◌˅ ˅ Modifier Letter Down Arrowhead
U+02C6 ◌ˆ ˆ Modifier Letter Circumflex Accent
U+02C7 ◌ˇ ˇ Caron
U+02C8 ◌ˈ ˈ Modifier Letter Vertical Line
U+02C9 ◌ˉ ˉ Modifier Letter Macron
U+02CA ◌ˊ ˊ Modifier Letter Acute Accent
U+02CB ◌ˋ ˋ Modifier Letter Grave Accent
U+02CC ◌ˌ ˌ Modifier Letter Low Vertical Line
U+02CD ◌ˍ ˍ Modifier Letter Low Macron
U+02CE ◌ˎ ˎ Modifier Letter Low Grave Accent
U+02CF ◌ˏ ˏ Modifier Letter Low Acute Accent
U+02D0 ◌ː ː Modifier Letter Triangular Colon
U+02D1 ◌ˑ ˑ Modifier Letter Half Triangular Colon
U+02D2 ◌˒ ˒ Modifier Letter Centered Right Half Ring
U+02D3 ◌˓ ˓ Modifier Letter Centered Left Half Ring
U+02D4 ◌˔ ˔ Modifier Letter Up Tack
U+02D5 ◌˕ ˕ Modifier Letter Down Tack
U+02D6 ◌˖ ˖ Modifier Letter Plus Sign
U+02D7 ◌˗ ˗ Modifier Letter Minus Sign
Spacing clones of diacritics
U+02D8 ◌˘ ˘ Breve
U+02D9 ◌˙ ˙ Dot Above
U+02DA ◌˚ ˚ Ring Above
U+02DB ◌˛ ˛ Ogonek
U+02DC ◌˜ ˜ Small Tilde
U+02DD ◌˝ ˝ Double Acute Accent
Additions based on 1989 IPA
U+02DE ◌˞ ˞ Modifier Letter Rhotic Hook
U+02DF ◌˟ ˟ Modifier Letter Cross Accent
U+02E0 ◌ˠ ˠ Modifier Letter Small Gamma
U+02E1 ◌ˡ ˡ Modifier Letter Small L
U+02E2 ◌ˢ ˢ Modifier Letter Small S
U+02E3 ◌ˣ ˣ Modifier Letter Small X
U+02E4 ◌ˤ ˤ Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop
Tone letters
U+02E5 ◌˥ ˥ Modifier Letter Extra-High Tone Bar
U+02E6 ◌˦ ˦ Modifier Letter High Tone Bar
U+02E7 ◌˧ ˧ Modifier Letter Mid Tone Bar
U+02E8 ◌˨ ˨ Modifier Letter Low Tone Bar
U+02E9 ◌˩ ˩ Modifier Letter Extra-Low Tone Bar
Extended Bopomofo tone marks
U+02EA ◌˪ ˪ Extended Bopomofo Yin Departing (for Minnan and Hakka languages)
U+02EB ◌˫ ˫ Extended Bopomofo Yang Departing (for Minnan and Hakka languages)
IPA modifiers
U+02EC ◌ˬ ˬ Modifier Letter Voicing
U+02ED ◌˭ ˭ Modifier Letter Unaspirated
Other modifier letter
U+02EE ◌ˮ ˮ Modifier Letter Double Apostrophe
UPA modifiers
U+02EF ◌˯ ˯ Modifier Letter Low Down Arrowhead
U+02F0 ◌˰ ˰ Modifier Letter Low Up Arrowhead
U+02F1 ◌˱ ˱ Modifier Letter Low Left Arrowhead
U+02F2 ◌˲ ˲ Modifier Letter Low Right Arrowhead
U+02F3 ◌˳ ˳ Modifier Letter Low Ring
U+02F4 ◌˴ ˴ Modifier Letter Middle Grave Accent
U+02F5 ◌˵ ˵ Modifier Letter Middle Double Grave Accent
U+02F6 ◌˶ ˶ Modifier Letter Middle Double Acute Accent
U+02F7 ◌˷ ˷ Modifier Letter Low Tilde
U+02F8 ◌˸ ˸ Modifier Letter Raised Colon
U+02F9 ◌˹ ˹ Modifier Letter Begin High Tone
U+02FA ◌˺ ˺ Modifier Letter End High Tone
U+02FB ◌˻ ˻ Modifier Letter Begin Low Tone
U+02FC ◌˼ ˼ Modifier Letter End Low Tone
U+02FD ◌˽ ˽ Modifier Letter Shelf
U+02FE ◌˾ ˾ Modifier Letter Open Shelf
U+02FF ◌˿ ˿ Modifier Letter Low Left Arrow
Code Glyph Decimal Description

Compact table edit

Spacing Modifier Letters[1]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+02Bx ʰ ʱ ʲ ʳ ʴ ʵ ʶ ʷ ʸ ʹ ʺ ʻ ʼ ʽ ʾ ʿ
U+02Cx ˀ ˁ ˂ ˃ ˄ ˅ ˆ ˇ ˈ ˉ ˊ ˋ ˌ ˍ ˎ ˏ
U+02Dx ː ˑ ˒ ˓ ˔ ˕ ˖ ˗ ˘ ˙ ˚ ˛ ˜ ˝ ˞ ˟
U+02Ex ˠ ˡ ˢ ˣ ˤ ˥ ˦ ˧ ˨ ˩ ˪ ˫ ˬ ˭ ˮ ˯
U+02Fx ˰ ˱ ˲ ˳ ˴ ˵ ˶ ˷ ˸ ˹ ˺ ˻ ˼ ˽ ˾ ˿
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1

History edit

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Spacing Modifier Letters block:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ^ "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  3. ^ "3.8: Block-by-Block Charts" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. version 1.0. Unicode Consortium.

November 18, 2023
spacing, modifier, letters, confused, with, combining, character, which, modifies, other, characters, adding, diacritical, marks, unicode, block, containing, characters, other, phonetic, transcriptions, included, tone, marks, modifiers, aspiration, palatalizat. Not to be confused with Combining character which modifies other characters e g by adding diacritical marks Spacing Modifier Letters is a Unicode block containing characters for the IPA UPA and other phonetic transcriptions Included are the IPA tone marks and modifiers for aspiration and palatalization The word spacing indicates that these characters occupy their own horizontal space within a line of text Its block name in Unicode 1 0 was simply Modifier Letters 3 Spacing Modifier LettersRangeU 02B0 U 02FF 80 code points PlaneBMPScriptsBopomofo 2 char Latin 14 char Common 64 char Major alphabetsIPAAssigned80 code pointsUnused0 reserved code pointsUnicode version history1 0 0 1991 57 57 3 0 1999 63 6 4 0 2003 80 17 Unicode documentationCode chart Web pageNote 1 2 Contents 1 Character table 2 Compact table 3 History 4 See also 5 ReferencesCharacter table editCode Glyph with guide Decimal DescriptionLatin superscript modifier lettersU 02B0 ʰ amp 688 Modifier Letter Small HU 02B1 ʱ amp 689 Modifier Letter Small H with hookU 02B2 ʲ amp 690 Modifier Letter Small JU 02B3 ʳ amp 691 Modifier Letter Small RU 02B4 ʴ amp 692 Modifier Letter Small Turned RU 02B5 ʵ amp 693 Modifier Letter Small Turned R with hookU 02B6 ʶ amp 694 Modifier Letter Small Capital Inverted RU 02B7 ʷ amp 695 Modifier Letter Small WU 02B8 ʸ amp 696 Modifier Letter Small YMiscellaneous phonetic modifiersU 02B9 ʹ amp 697 Modifier Letter PrimeU 02BA ʺ amp 698 Modifier Letter Double PrimeU 02BB ʻ amp 699 Modifier Letter Turned CommaU 02BC ʼ amp 700 Modifier Letter ApostropheU 02BD ʽ amp 701 Modifier Letter Reversed CommaU 02BE ʾ amp 702 Modifier Letter Right Half RingU 02BF ʿ amp 703 Modifier Letter Left Half RingU 02C0 ˀ amp 704 Modifier Letter Glottal StopU 02C1 ˁ amp 705 Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal StopU 02C2 amp 706 Modifier Letter Left ArrowheadU 02C3 amp 707 Modifier Letter Right ArrowheadU 02C4 amp 708 Modifier Letter Up ArrowheadU 02C5 amp 709 Modifier Letter Down ArrowheadU 02C6 ˆ amp 710 Modifier Letter Circumflex AccentU 02C7 ˇ amp 711 CaronU 02C8 ˈ amp 712 Modifier Letter Vertical LineU 02C9 ˉ amp 713 Modifier Letter MacronU 02CA ˊ amp 714 Modifier Letter Acute AccentU 02CB ˋ amp 715 Modifier Letter Grave AccentU 02CC ˌ amp 716 Modifier Letter Low Vertical LineU 02CD ˍ amp 717 Modifier Letter Low MacronU 02CE ˎ amp 718 Modifier Letter Low Grave AccentU 02CF ˏ amp 719 Modifier Letter Low Acute AccentU 02D0 ː amp 720 Modifier Letter Triangular ColonU 02D1 ˑ amp 721 Modifier Letter Half Triangular ColonU 02D2 amp 722 Modifier Letter Centered Right Half RingU 02D3 amp 723 Modifier Letter Centered Left Half RingU 02D4 amp 724 Modifier Letter Up TackU 02D5 amp 725 Modifier Letter Down TackU 02D6 amp 726 Modifier Letter Plus SignU 02D7 amp 727 Modifier Letter Minus SignSpacing clones of diacriticsU 02D8 amp 728 BreveU 02D9 amp 729 Dot AboveU 02DA amp 730 Ring AboveU 02DB amp 731 OgonekU 02DC amp 732 Small TildeU 02DD amp 733 Double Acute AccentAdditions based on 1989 IPAU 02DE amp 734 Modifier Letter Rhotic HookU 02DF amp 735 Modifier Letter Cross AccentU 02E0 ˠ amp 736 Modifier Letter Small GammaU 02E1 ˡ amp 737 Modifier Letter Small LU 02E2 ˢ amp 738 Modifier Letter Small SU 02E3 ˣ amp 739 Modifier Letter Small XU 02E4 ˤ amp 740 Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal StopTone lettersU 02E5 amp 741 Modifier Letter Extra High Tone BarU 02E6 amp 742 Modifier Letter High Tone BarU 02E7 amp 743 Modifier Letter Mid Tone BarU 02E8 amp 744 Modifier Letter Low Tone BarU 02E9 amp 745 Modifier Letter Extra Low Tone BarExtended Bopomofo tone marksU 02EA amp 746 Extended Bopomofo Yin Departing for Minnan and Hakka languages U 02EB amp 747 Extended Bopomofo Yang Departing for Minnan and Hakka languages IPA modifiersU 02EC ˬ amp 748 Modifier Letter VoicingU 02ED amp 749 Modifier Letter UnaspiratedOther modifier letterU 02EE ˮ amp 750 Modifier Letter Double ApostropheUPA modifiersU 02EF amp 751 Modifier Letter Low Down ArrowheadU 02F0 amp 752 Modifier Letter Low Up ArrowheadU 02F1 amp 753 Modifier Letter Low Left ArrowheadU 02F2 amp 754 Modifier Letter Low Right ArrowheadU 02F3 amp 755 Modifier Letter Low RingU 02F4 amp 756 Modifier Letter Middle Grave AccentU 02F5 amp 757 Modifier Letter Middle Double Grave AccentU 02F6 amp 758 Modifier Letter Middle Double Acute AccentU 02F7 amp 759 Modifier Letter Low TildeU 02F8 amp 760 Modifier Letter Raised ColonU 02F9 amp 761 Modifier Letter Begin High ToneU 02FA amp 762 Modifier Letter End High ToneU 02FB amp 763 Modifier Letter Begin Low ToneU 02FC amp 764 Modifier Letter End Low ToneU 02FD amp 765 Modifier Letter ShelfU 02FE amp 766 Modifier Letter Open ShelfU 02FF amp 767 Modifier Letter Low Left ArrowCode Glyph Decimal DescriptionCompact table editSpacing Modifier Letters 1 Official Unicode Consortium code chart PDF 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E FU 02Bx ʰ ʱ ʲ ʳ ʴ ʵ ʶ ʷ ʸ ʹ ʺ ʻ ʼ ʽ ʾ ʿU 02Cx ˀ ˁ ˆ ˇ ˈ ˉ ˊ ˋ ˌ ˍ ˎ ˏU 02Dx ː ˑ U 02Ex ˠ ˡ ˢ ˣ ˤ ˬ ˮ U 02Fx Notes 1 As of Unicode version 15 1History editThe following Unicode related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Spacing Modifier Letters block Version Final code points a Count UTC ID L2 ID WG2 ID Document1 0 0 U 02B0 02DD 46 to be determined UTC 1999 017 Davis Mark 1999 06 02 Data cross checks for Agenda L2 99 176R Moore Lisa 1999 11 04 Data Cross Checks Minutes from the joint UTC L2 meeting in Seattle June 8 10 1999L2 99 246 N2043 Everson Michael 1999 07 24 On the apostrophe and quotation mark with a note on Egyptian transliteration charactersL2 06 373 Proposal for additional character 2006 11 04L2 06 398 Pandey Anshuman 2006 12 15 Comments on L2 06 373 addition of apostrophe to Devanagari L2 07 272 Muller Eric 2007 08 10 9 Report of the South Asia subcommitteeL2 07 225 Moore Lisa 2007 08 21 Devanagari UTC 112 MinutesL2 08 197 Representation of Bodo Dogri and Maithili languages in Unicode Standard 2008 05 06L2 08 210 Lata Swaran 2008 05 07 Usage examples for Bodo Dogri Maithili tone markerL2 12 065 N4281 Pentzlin Karl 2012 02 05 Proposal for additional annotations for some modifier letters used for transliteration of HebrewU 02DE 02E0 02E9 11 UTC 1991 048B Whistler Ken 1991 03 27 IPA additions Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting 46 day 2 3 27 at AppleL2 00 421 N2307 Whistler Ken 2000 11 27 Response to Japanese Query re IPA tone lettersL2 01 025 N2312 Constable Peter 2001 01 08 Presentation of tone contours encoded as UCS tone letter sequences3 0 U 02DF 1 L2 98 261 N1812 pdf html Ellert Mattias 1998 05 21 Proposal to encode CROSS ACCENT in ISO IEC 10646L2 98 372 N1884R2 pdf doc Whistler Ken et al 1998 09 22 Additional Characters for the UCSL2 98 329 N1920 Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO IEC 10646 1 Amd 30 AMENDMENT 30 Additional Latin and other characters 1998 10 28L2 99 010 N1903 pdf html doc Umamaheswaran V S 1998 12 30 8 2 5 Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35 London U K 1998 09 21 25U 02EA 02EB 2 L2 98 090 N1713R Proposal to add 24 extended Bopomofo and 2 modifier letters for Minnan and Hakka 1998 03 19L2 98 158 Aliprand Joan Winkler Arnold 1998 05 26 Bopomofo Extensions Draft Minutes UTC 76 amp NCITS Subgroup L2 173 joint meeting Tredyffrin Pennsylvania April 20 22 1998L2 98 286 N1703 Umamaheswaran V S Ksar Mike 1998 07 02 8 25 Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes WG 2 Meeting 34 Redmond WA USA 1998 03 16 20L2 98 321 N1905 Revised text of 10646 1 FPDAM 23 AMENDMENT 23 Bopomofo Extended and other characters 1998 10 22U 02EC 02ED 2 L2 98 299 N1845 Everson Michael 1998 09 08 Additional IPA disturbed speech characters for the UCSL2 98 372 N1884R2 pdf doc Whistler Ken et al 1998 09 22 Additional Characters for the UCSL2 98 329 N1920 Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO IEC 10646 1 Amd 30 AMENDMENT 30 Additional Latin and other characters 1998 10 28L2 06 231 Moore Lisa 2006 08 17 Consensus 108 C3 UTC 108 Minutes Change the general category of U 02EC MODIFIER LETTER VOICING from Sk to Lm U 02EE 1 L2 98 295 N1817 Everson Michael 1997 08 10 Proposal to add the letter MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE in the BMPL2 98 372 N1884R2 pdf doc Whistler Ken et al 1998 09 22 Additional Characters for the UCSL2 98 329 N1920 Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO IEC 10646 1 Amd 30 AMENDMENT 30 Additional Latin and other characters 1998 10 28L2 99 010 N1903 pdf html doc Umamaheswaran V S 1998 12 30 8 2 2 Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35 London U K 1998 09 21 254 0 U 02EF 02FF 17 L2 02 141 N2419 Everson Michael et al 2002 03 20 Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCSL2 02 192 Everson Michael 2002 05 02 Everson s Reply on UPAN2442 Everson Michael Kolehmainen Erkki I Ruppel Klaas Trosterud Trond 2002 05 21 Justification for placing the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet in the BMPL2 02 291 Whistler Ken 2002 05 31 WG2 report from DublinL2 02 292 Whistler Ken 2002 06 03 Early look at WG2 consent docketL2 02 166R2 Moore Lisa 2002 08 09 Scripts and New Characters UPA UTC 91 MinutesL2 02 253 Moore Lisa 2002 10 21 Consensus 92 C2 UTC 92 Minutes Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and namesSee also editModifier letter Phonetic symbols in UnicodeReferences edit Unicode character database The Unicode Standard Retrieved 2023 07 26 Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard The Unicode Standard Retrieved 2023 07 26 3 8 Block by Block Charts PDF The Unicode Standard version 1 0 Unicode Consortium Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spacing Modifier Letters amp oldid 1177005425, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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