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Saint-Germain-en-Laye

February 10, 2023

For treaties with this name, see Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (disambiguation).

Saint-Germain-en-Laye (French: [sɛ̃ ʒɛʁmɛ̃ ɑ̃ lɛ] (listen)) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, 19.1 km (11.9 mi) from the centre of Paris.

Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Subprefecture and commune
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Coat of arms
Location of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Coordinates: 48°53′56″N 2°05′38″E / 48.8989°N 2.0938°E / 48.8989; 2.0938Coordinates: 48°53′56″N 2°05′38″E / 48.8989°N 2.0938°E / 48.8989; 2.0938
CountryFrance
RegionÎle-de-France
DepartmentYvelines
ArrondissementSaint-Germain-en-Laye
CantonSaint-Germain-en-Laye
IntercommunalityCA Saint Germain Boucles Seine
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Arnaud Pericard[1]
Area
1
51.94 km2 (20.05 sq mi)
Population
 (Jan. 2019)[2]
44,806
 • Density860/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Saint-Germanois
Saint-Germinois
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
78551 /78100
Elevation22–107 m (72–351 ft)
(avg. 78 m or 256 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Inhabitants are called Saint-Germanois or Saint-Germinois. With its elegant tree-lined streets it is one of the more affluent suburbs of Paris, combining both high-end leisure spots and exclusive residential neighborhoods (see the Golden Triangle of the Yvelines).

Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a sub-prefecture of the department. Because it includes the National Forest of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, it covers approximately 48 km2 (19 sq mi), making it the largest commune in the Yvelines. It occupies a large loop of the Seine. Saint-Germain-en-Laye lies at one of the western termini of Line A of the RER.

History

See also: Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
 
A view of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, taken from the castle.

Saint-Germain-en-Laye was founded in 1020 when King Robert the Pious (ruled 996–1031) founded a convent on the site of the present Church of Saint-Germain.

In 1688, James II of England exiled himself to the city after being deposed from the throne in what has become known as the Glorious Revolution. He spent the remainder of his days there, and died on 16 September 1701.[3]

Prior to the French Revolution in 1789, it had been a royal town and the Château de Saint-Germain the residence of numerous French monarchs. The old château was constructed in 1348 by King Charles V on the foundations of an old castle (château-fort) dating from 1238 in the time of Saint Louis. Francis I was responsible for its subsequent restoration. In 1862, Napoleon III set up the Musée des Antiquités Nationales in the erstwhile royal château. This museum has exhibits ranging from Paleolithic to Celtic times. The "Dame de Brassempouy" sculpted on a mammoth's ivory tusk around 23,000 years ago is the most famous exhibit in the museum.

Kings Henry IV and Louis XIII left their mark on the town. Louis XIV was born in the château (the city's coat of arms consequently shows a cradle and the date of his birth), and established Saint-Germain-en-Laye as his principal residence from 1661 to 1681. Louis XIV turned over the château to James VII & II of Scotland and England after his exile from Britain after the Glorious Revolution in 1688. James lived in the Château for 13 years, and his daughter Louisa Maria Stuart was born in exile here in 1692. James II is buried in the parish church.

Saint-Germain-en-Laye is famous for its 2.4-kilometre (1.5 mi) long stone terrace built by André Le Nôtre from 1669 to 1673. The terrace provides a view over the valley of the Seine and, in the distance, Paris. During the French Revolution, the name was changed along with many other places whose names held connotations of religion or royalty. Temporarily, Saint-Germain-en-Laye became Montagne-du-Bon-Air. During his reign, Napoleon I established his cavalry officers training school in the Château-Vieux.

 
One of the German bunkers built in 1942

The Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed in 1919 and was applied on 16 July 1920. The treaty officially registered the breakup of the Habsburg empire, which recognized the independence of Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, and the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia).[4]

During the occupation from 1940 to 1944, the town was the headquarters of the German Army.[clarification needed]

On 1 January 2019, the former commune Fourqueux was merged into Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[5]

Saint-Germain parish church

 
The Church of Saint-Germain.

The parish church, which is dedicated to Germain of Paris, was originally constructed in the eleventh century, and the present building (the fourth on the site) was built in the 1820s in a Neoclassical style, with six Tuscan columns supporting a pediment on the main façade. The church houses the mausoleum of James II of England and was visited by Queen Victoria in 1855.[6]

The organ, originally installed in 1698, was rebuilt by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll in the nineteenth century and refurbished in 1903. The church's organists have included Albert Renaud (1891–1924), Albert Alain (1924–1971) and Marie-Claire Alain (1971–2010).

Population

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Saint-Germain-en-Laye proper, in its geography at the given years. The population of Fourqueux, absorbed in 2019, is not included.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 13,400—    
1800 8,954−5.60%
1806 9,798+1.51%
1821 10,291+0.33%
1831 10,671+0.36%
1836 10,951+0.52%
1841 13,618+4.46%
1846 13,488−0.19%
1851 12,527−1.47%
1856 14,283+2.66%
1861 15,708+1.92%
1866 17,478+2.16%
1872 22,862+4.58%
1876 17,199−6.87%
1881 15,790−1.69%
1886 16,312+0.65%
1891 14,262−2.65%
1896 16,489+2.94%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 17,297+0.96%
1906 17,288−0.01%
1911 18,344+1.19%
1921 20,008+0.87%
1926 22,180+2.08%
1931 21,996−0.17%
1936 22,539+0.49%
1946 22,013−0.24%
1954 29,429+3.70%
1962 34,621+2.05%
1968 38,308+1.70%
1975 37,509−0.30%
1982 38,499+0.37%
1990 39,926+0.46%
1999 38,423−0.43%
2007 41,517+0.97%
2012 39,476−1.00%
2017 40,765+0.64%
Source: EHESS[7] and INSEE (2007-2017)[8][9]

Transport

Saint-Germain-en-Laye is connected to other communes by the Résalys bus network operated by Transdev Montesson-les-Rabeaux. Saint-Germain-en-Laye is served by Saint-Germain-en-Laye station on Paris RER line A.

It is also served by two stations on the Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare suburban rail line: Saint-Germain-Bel-Air–Fourqueux and Saint-Germain–Grande Ceinture.

Saint-Germain-en-Laye is also served by Achères–Grand-Cormier station on Paris RER line A and on the Transilien Paris – Saint-Lazare suburban rail line. This station is located in the middle of the Forest of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, far from the urbanized part of the commune.

Sport

Football

Saint-Germain-en-Laye has a proud footballing history. From 1904 to 1970, it was represented by Stade Saint-Germain, but following a 1970 merger with Paris FC, became Paris Saint-Germain (PSG). PSG is a top-flight football team that is the most successful team in France in terms of trophies.[10]

Sporting facilities

There is one main sporting facility in Saint-Germain-en-Laye: the Stade Municipal Georges Lefèvre. It covers over 12 hectares and contains: – 5 football pitches – 3 stands – 1 athletic track – 22 tennis courts – 1 clubhouse – 1 multibeach terrain [11]

Economy

Capcom Entertainment France, a Capcom subsidiary, has its head office in Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[12]

Education

As of 2016 the schools in this commune had 20,581 students, with 7,300 of them living in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. There is a high ratio of overall students to town inhabitants. The municipal nursery and primary schools have 3,549 students. 1,026 students attend private schools in the commune. 522 students attend the Lycée International de Saint Germain-en-Laye nursery and primary divisions.[13]

Schools

As of 2016 the municipality operates ten nursery schools and nine primary schools.[13]

The Lycée International de Saint Germain-en-Laye, a public school, consistently ranks among France's top schools and is considered to be the country's best public international school. It includes 14 different language sections, including one for Japanese students, and the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) lists that program in its group of European hoshuko (part-time Japanese educational programmes).[14]

Other public high schools:

  • Lycée Jeanne-d'Albret
  • Lycée technologique Léonard-de-Vinci
  • Lycée technologique Jean-Baptiste-Poquelin
  • lycée agricole et horticole de Saint-Germain-Chambourcy [fr]

Private schools include:

The Institut d'études politiques de Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Collège Marcel Roby are located in the city.

Libraries

There are two libraries:[15]

  • Bibliothèque multimédia
  • Bibliothèque George-Sand

In art

Hospital

Notable people

Saint-Germain-en-Laye was the birthplace of:

Nobility

Musicians

Sports

Scientists

Other

The town is also associated with:

Twin towns - sister cities

Saint-Germain-en-Laye is twinned with:[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Populations légales 2019". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2021.
  3. ^ "James II (1633–1701)". BBC History. BBC. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  4. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica "Treaty of Saint-Germain", retrieved from Britannica.com.
  5. ^ Arrêté préfectoral 19 December 2018 (in French)
  6. ^ French Monuments, Discover the church of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  7. ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Saint-Germain-en-Laye, EHESS. (in French)
  8. ^ Populations légales 2012, INSEE
  9. ^ Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017, INSEE
  10. ^ "Site officiel du Paris Saint-Germain". FR.
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  12. ^ "Contact." Capcom. Retrieved 12 August 2011. "France: Capcom Entertainment France 30 bis, rue du Viel Abreuvoir FR.78100 Saint Germain En Laye"
  13. ^ a b "Children > Presentation." Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  14. ^ "欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）" (). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  15. ^ "Home." Saint-Germain-en-Laye Libraries. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  16. ^ "Les villes jumelles". saintgermainenlaye.fr (in French). Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Retrieved 18 November 2019.

External links

  • Saint-Germain-en-Laye
  • Saint-Germain-en-Laye (in French)
  • Saint-Germain-en-Laye (in French)
  • Saint-Germain-en-Laye at Curlie
  • German bunkers in Saint-Germain-en-Laye

February 10, 2023
saint, germain, laye, treaties, with, this, name, treaty, disambiguation, french, ʒɛʁmɛ, listen, commune, yvelines, department, Île, france, north, central, france, located, western, suburbs, paris, from, centre, paris, subprefecture, communechâteau, coat, arm. For treaties with this name see Treaty of Saint Germain en Laye disambiguation Saint Germain en Laye French sɛ ʒɛʁmɛ ɑ lɛ listen is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Ile de France in north central France It is located in the western suburbs of Paris 19 1 km 11 9 mi from the centre of Paris Saint Germain en LayeSubprefecture and communeChateau de Saint Germain en LayeCoat of armsLocation of Saint Germain en LayeSaint Germain en LayeShow map of FranceSaint Germain en LayeShow map of Ile de France region Coordinates 48 53 56 N 2 05 38 E 48 8989 N 2 0938 E 48 8989 2 0938 Coordinates 48 53 56 N 2 05 38 E 48 8989 N 2 0938 E 48 8989 2 0938CountryFranceRegionIle de FranceDepartmentYvelinesArrondissementSaint Germain en LayeCantonSaint Germain en LayeIntercommunalityCA Saint Germain Boucles SeineGovernment Mayor 2020 2026 Arnaud Pericard 1 Area151 94 km2 20 05 sq mi Population Jan 2019 2 44 806 Density860 km2 2 200 sq mi Demonym s Saint GermanoisSaint GerminoisTime zoneUTC 01 00 CET Summer DST UTC 02 00 CEST INSEE Postal code78551 78100Elevation22 107 m 72 351 ft avg 78 m or 256 ft 1 French Land Register data which excludes lakes ponds glaciers gt 1 km2 0 386 sq mi or 247 acres and river estuaries Inhabitants are called Saint Germanois or Saint Germinois With its elegant tree lined streets it is one of the more affluent suburbs of Paris combining both high end leisure spots and exclusive residential neighborhoods see the Golden Triangle of the Yvelines Saint Germain en Laye is a sub prefecture of the department Because it includes the National Forest of Saint Germain en Laye it covers approximately 48 km2 19 sq mi making it the largest commune in the Yvelines It occupies a large loop of the Seine Saint Germain en Laye lies at one of the western termini of Line A of the RER Contents 1 History 1 1 Saint Germain parish church 2 Population 3 Transport 4 Sport 4 1 Football 4 2 Sporting facilities 5 Economy 6 Education 6 1 Schools 6 2 Libraries 7 In art 8 Hospital 9 Notable people 9 1 Nobility 9 2 Musicians 9 3 Sports 9 4 Scientists 9 5 Other 10 Twin towns sister cities 11 See also 12 References 13 External linksHistory EditSee also Chateau de Saint Germain en Laye A view of Saint Germain en Laye taken from the castle Saint Germain en Laye was founded in 1020 when King Robert the Pious ruled 996 1031 founded a convent on the site of the present Church of Saint Germain In 1688 James II of England exiled himself to the city after being deposed from the throne in what has become known as the Glorious Revolution He spent the remainder of his days there and died on 16 September 1701 3 Prior to the French Revolution in 1789 it had been a royal town and the Chateau de Saint Germain the residence of numerous French monarchs The old chateau was constructed in 1348 by King Charles V on the foundations of an old castle chateau fort dating from 1238 in the time of Saint Louis Francis I was responsible for its subsequent restoration In 1862 Napoleon III set up the Musee des Antiquites Nationales in the erstwhile royal chateau This museum has exhibits ranging from Paleolithic to Celtic times The Dame de Brassempouy sculpted on a mammoth s ivory tusk around 23 000 years ago is the most famous exhibit in the museum Kings Henry IV and Louis XIII left their mark on the town Louis XIV was born in the chateau the city s coat of arms consequently shows a cradle and the date of his birth and established Saint Germain en Laye as his principal residence from 1661 to 1681 Louis XIV turned over the chateau to James VII amp II of Scotland and England after his exile from Britain after the Glorious Revolution in 1688 James lived in the Chateau for 13 years and his daughter Louisa Maria Stuart was born in exile here in 1692 James II is buried in the parish church Saint Germain en Laye is famous for its 2 4 kilometre 1 5 mi long stone terrace built by Andre Le Notre from 1669 to 1673 The terrace provides a view over the valley of the Seine and in the distance Paris During the French Revolution the name was changed along with many other places whose names held connotations of religion or royalty Temporarily Saint Germain en Laye became Montagne du Bon Air During his reign Napoleon I established his cavalry officers training school in the Chateau Vieux One of the German bunkers built in 1942 The Treaty of Saint Germain was signed in 1919 and was applied on 16 July 1920 The treaty officially registered the breakup of the Habsburg empire which recognized the independence of Czechoslovakia Poland Hungary and the Kingdom of the Serbs Croats and Slovenes Yugoslavia 4 During the occupation from 1940 to 1944 the town was the headquarters of the German Army clarification needed On 1 January 2019 the former commune Fourqueux was merged into Saint Germain en Laye 5 Saint Germain parish church Edit The Church of Saint Germain The parish church which is dedicated to Germain of Paris was originally constructed in the eleventh century and the present building the fourth on the site was built in the 1820s in a Neoclassical style with six Tuscan columns supporting a pediment on the main facade The church houses the mausoleum of James II of England and was visited by Queen Victoria in 1855 6 The organ originally installed in 1698 was rebuilt by Aristide Cavaille Coll in the nineteenth century and refurbished in 1903 The church s organists have included Albert Renaud 1891 1924 Albert Alain 1924 1971 and Marie Claire Alain 1971 2010 Population EditThe population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Saint Germain en Laye proper in its geography at the given years The population of Fourqueux absorbed in 2019 is not included Historical populationYearPop p a 179313 400 18008 954 5 60 18069 798 1 51 182110 291 0 33 183110 671 0 36 183610 951 0 52 184113 618 4 46 184613 488 0 19 185112 527 1 47 185614 283 2 66 186115 708 1 92 186617 478 2 16 187222 862 4 58 187617 199 6 87 188115 790 1 69 188616 312 0 65 189114 262 2 65 189616 489 2 94 YearPop p a 190117 297 0 96 190617 288 0 01 191118 344 1 19 192120 008 0 87 192622 180 2 08 193121 996 0 17 193622 539 0 49 194622 013 0 24 195429 429 3 70 196234 621 2 05 196838 308 1 70 197537 509 0 30 198238 499 0 37 199039 926 0 46 199938 423 0 43 200741 517 0 97 201239 476 1 00 201740 765 0 64 Source EHESS 7 and INSEE 2007 2017 8 9 Transport EditSaint Germain en Laye is connected to other communes by the Resalys bus network operated by Transdev Montesson les Rabeaux Saint Germain en Laye is served by Saint Germain en Laye station on Paris RER line A It is also served by two stations on the Transilien Paris Saint Lazare suburban rail line Saint Germain Bel Air Fourqueux and Saint Germain Grande Ceinture Saint Germain en Laye is also served by Acheres Grand Cormier station on Paris RER line A and on the Transilien Paris Saint Lazare suburban rail line This station is located in the middle of the Forest of Saint Germain en Laye far from the urbanized part of the commune Sport EditFootball Edit Saint Germain en Laye has a proud footballing history From 1904 to 1970 it was represented by Stade Saint Germain but following a 1970 merger with Paris FC became Paris Saint Germain PSG PSG is a top flight football team that is the most successful team in France in terms of trophies 10 Sporting facilities Edit There is one main sporting facility in Saint Germain en Laye the Stade Municipal Georges Lefevre It covers over 12 hectares and contains 5 football pitches 3 stands 1 athletic track 22 tennis courts 1 clubhouse 1 multibeach terrain 11 Economy EditCapcom Entertainment France a Capcom subsidiary has its head office in Saint Germain en Laye 12 Lycee International de Saint Germain en LayeEducation EditAs of 2016 update the schools in this commune had 20 581 students with 7 300 of them living in Saint Germain en Laye There is a high ratio of overall students to town inhabitants The municipal nursery and primary schools have 3 549 students 1 026 students attend private schools in the commune 522 students attend the Lycee International de Saint Germain en Laye nursery and primary divisions 13 Schools Edit As of 2016 update the municipality operates ten nursery schools and nine primary schools 13 The Lycee International de Saint Germain en Laye a public school consistently ranks among France s top schools and is considered to be the country s best public international school It includes 14 different language sections including one for Japanese students and the Japanese Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology MEXT lists that program in its group of European hoshuko part time Japanese educational programmes 14 Other public high schools Lycee Jeanne d Albret Lycee technologique Leonard de Vinci Lycee technologique Jean Baptiste Poquelin lycee agricole et horticole de Saint Germain Chambourcy fr Private schools include College et Lycee Notre Dame Ecole Saint Erembert fr The Institut d etudes politiques de Saint Germain en Laye and College Marcel Roby are located in the city Libraries Edit There are two libraries 15 Bibliotheque multimedia Bibliotheque George SandIn art Edit The Terrace at Saint Germain Spring 1875 by Alfred Sisley The Walters Art Museum Hospital EditCentre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy Saint Germain en LayeNotable people EditSaint Germain en Laye was the birthplace of Nobility Edit Henry II 1519 1559 King of France Marie of France 1344 1404 Duchess of Bar Jeanne d Albret 1528 1572 Queen Regnant of Navarre Charles IX 1550 1574 King of France Louis de Buade de Frontenac 1622 1698 French courtier and Governor of New France Louis XIV 1638 1715 King of France Philippe I Duke of Orleans 1640 1701 younger brother of Louis XIV Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart 1692 1712 daughter of James II of England known to Jacobites as the Princess Royal Charles O Gara 1699 1777 a courtier and official of the Holy Roman Empire of Jacobite Irish descentMusicians Edit Albert Renaud 1855 1924 organist Claude Debussy 1862 1918 composer Albert Alain 1880 1971 composer and organist Jehan Alain 1911 1940 composer Marie Claire Alain 1926 2013 organist and organ teacher Benoit Delbecq born 1966 jazz pianist and composerSports Edit Mohamed Haddadou born 1974 footballer Amelie Mauresmo born 1979 tennis player Ismael Gace born 1986 footballer Christopher Oualembo born 1987 footballer Jonathan Eysseric born 1990 tennis player Frederic Vieillot born 1990 footballer Caroline Garcia born 1991 tennis player Rashad Muhammed born 1993 footballer Gabriel Aubry born 1998 racing driverScientists Edit Jean Albert Gaudry 1827 1908 geologist and palaeontologist Salomon Reinach 1858 1932 archaeologist Sylvie Vauclair born 1946 astrophysicistOther Edit John Patrick O Gara born 1692 soldier in the Spanish Army of Jacobite Irish descent Charles Gautier de Vinfrais 1704 1797 hunter and encyclopediste Louis Michel Letort de Lorville 1773 1815 French general of the Napoleonic Wars Jaque Catelain 1897 1965 actor Jacques Fesch 1930 1957 Christian mystic Jean Jacques Lafaye born 1958 writer essayist Albert Dupontel born 1964 actor Emmanuelle Polack born 1965 art historian Christian de Boisredon born 1974 social entrepreneur Melanie Thierry born 1981 French actress Marion Marechal Le Pen born 1989 French politicianThe town is also associated with James II of England king who lived there in exile and is buried there Charles Hippolyte de Paravey French engineer who died in the city Gerard de Nerval 1808 1855 poet who lived there during part of his childhood and adolescence Gabriel de Mortillet 1821 1898 French archeologist and anthropologist mayor of the town in 1882 1888 Pierre de Porcaro 1904 1945 priest and prisoner of war during the Second World WarTwin towns sister cities EditSaint Germain en Laye is twinned with 16 Aschaffenburg Germany since 1975 Schwelm Germany Ayr South Ayrshire Scotland since 1984 Winchester Massachusetts United States since 1990 Konstancin Jeziorna Poland since 1992See also Edit France portalCommunes of the Yvelines department The works of Antonin MercieReferences Edit Repertoire national des elus les maires in French data gouv fr Plateforme ouverte des donnees publiques francaises 13 September 2022 Populations legales 2019 The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies 29 December 2021 James II 1633 1701 BBC History BBC Retrieved 16 May 2020 Encyclopaedia Britannica Treaty of Saint Germain retrieved from Britannica com Arrete prefectoral 19 December 2018 in French French Monuments Discover the church of Saint Germain en Laye Retrieved 17 June 2022 Des villages de Cassini aux communes d aujourd hui Commune data sheet Saint Germain en Laye EHESS in French Populations legales 2012 INSEE Telechargement du fichier d ensemble des populations legales en 2017 INSEE Site officiel du Paris Saint Germain FR Site officiel de la Ville de Saint Germain en Laye Stade municipal Georges Lefevre Archived from the original on 21 June 2013 Retrieved 18 October 2012 Contact Capcom Retrieved 12 August 2011 France Capcom Entertainment France 30 bis rue du Viel Abreuvoir FR 78100 Saint Germain En Laye a b Children gt Presentation Saint Germain en Laye Retrieved 1 September 2016 欧州の補習授業校一覧 平成25年4月15日現在 Archive Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology MEXT Retrieved 10 May 2014 Home Saint Germain en Laye Libraries Retrieved 1 September 2016 Les villes jumelles saintgermainenlaye fr in French Saint Germain en Laye Retrieved 18 November 2019 External links EditSaint Germain en Laye at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons Travel information from Wikivoyage Data from Wikidata Saint Germain en Laye Saint Germain en Laye in French Saint Germain en Laye in French Saint Germain en Laye at Curlie German bunkers in Saint Germain en Laye Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Saint Germain en Laye amp oldid 1137940998, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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