"Indian madder" redirects here. For the North American plant, see Houstonia purpurea.
Rubia cordifolia, known as Indian madder,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It has been cultivated for a red pigment derived from roots.
It can grow to 1.5 m in height. The evergreenleaves are 5–10 cm long and 2–3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4-7 starlike around the central stem. It climbs with tiny hooks at the leaves and stems. The flowers are small (3–5 mm across), with five pale yellow petals, in dense racemes, and appear from June to August, followed by small (4–6 mm diameter) red to black berries. The roots can be over 1 m long, up to 12 mm thick. It prefers loamy soils with a constant level of moisture. Madders are used as food plants for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Hummingbird hawk moth.
Usesedit
Rubia cordifolia was the source of an economically important red pigment in many regions of Asia, Europe and Africa. It was extensively cultivated from antiquity until the mid-nineteenth century. The plant's roots contain an anthraquinone called purpurin (1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone) that gives it its red colour when used as a textile dye. It was also used as a colourant, especially for paint, that is referred to as Madder lake. The substance was also derived from other species; Rubia tinctorum, also widely cultivated, and the Asiatic species Rubia argyi (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) H. Hara ex Lauener [synonym = Rubia akane Nakai,[2] based on the Japanese Aka (アカ or あか) = red, and ne (ネ or ね) = root]. The invention of a synthesized duplicate, an anthracene compound called alizarin, greatly reduced demand for the natural derivative.[3]
The roots of Rubia cordifolia are also the source of a medicine used in Ayurveda; this is commonly known in AyurvedicSanskrit as Manjistha (or Manjista or Manjishta) and the commercial product in Hindi as Manjith.[4]
It is known as btsod (Tibetan: བཙོད་, Wylie: btsod, THL: tsö) in Traditional Tibetan Medicine where it is used to treat blood disorders; spread heat (Tibetan: འགྲམས་ཚད་, Wylie: 'grams tshad, THL: dram tshe), excess heat in the lungs, kidneys, and intestines; reduce swelling; and is a component of the three reds (Tibetan: དམར་གསུམ་, Wylie: dmar gsum, THL: mar sum), a subcompound included in many Tibetan preparations in order to remove excess heat in the blood.[5]
^Iwatsuki, K., T. Yamazaki, D. E. Boufford and H. Ohba. 1993. Flora of Japan IIIa: 232.
^. material record. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. November 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
^S. Pathania; R. Daman; S. Bhandari; B. Singh; Brij Lal (2006). . Ethnobotanical Leaflets (11): 179–188. Archived from the original on 2009-01-07.
^Gyatso, Thinley; Hakim, Chris (2010). Essentials of Tibetan traditional medicine. Berkeley, Calif.: North Atlantic Books. pp. 167. ISBN978-1-55643-867-7.
^Joshan Rani S., Nagarauk R., Anuradha P. "Antibacterial properties of extracts of Indian medicinal plants: Syzygium alternifolium, phyllanthus niruri and rubia cordifolia" Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 2010 3:1 (123-128)
^Divakar K., Pawar A.T., Chandrasekhar S.B., Dighe S.B., Divakar G."Protective effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia roots against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats" Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010 48:4 (1013-1018)
^Joharapurkar A.A., ZAMBAD, S.P., WANJARI, M.M., UMATHE, S.N. "IN VIVO EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF RUBIA CORDIFOLIA LINN. AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ETHANOL-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION" "Indian Journal of Pharmacology" 2003; 35: (232-236)
7 Joharapurkar A.A., ZAMBAD, S.P., WANJARI, M.M., UMATHE, S.N. "IN VIVO EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF RUBIA CORDIFOLIA LINN. AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ETHANOL-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION" "Indian Journal of Pharmacology" 2003; 35: 232-236
External linksedit
Caldecott, Todd (2006). Ayurveda: The Divine Science of Life. Elsevier/Mosby. ISBN0-7234-3410-7. Contains a detailed monograph on Rubia cordifolia (Manjishta) as well as a discussion of health benefits and usage in clinical practice. Available online at
April 12, 2024
rubia, cordifolia, indian, madder, redirects, here, north, american, plant, houstonia, purpurea, known, indian, madder, species, flowering, plant, coffee, family, rubiaceae, been, cultivated, pigment, derived, from, roots, scientific, classificationkingdom, pl. Indian madder redirects here For the North American plant see Houstonia purpurea Rubia cordifolia known as Indian madder 1 is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae It has been cultivated for a red pigment derived from roots Rubia cordifoliaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder GentianalesFamily RubiaceaeGenus RubiaSpecies R cordifoliaBinomial nameRubia cordifoliaL Contents 1 Description 2 Uses 3 Pharmacologic properties 4 References 5 External linksDescription editIt can grow to 1 5 m in height The evergreen leaves are 5 10 cm long and 2 3 cm broad produced in whorls of 4 7 starlike around the central stem It climbs with tiny hooks at the leaves and stems The flowers are small 3 5 mm across with five pale yellow petals in dense racemes and appear from June to August followed by small 4 6 mm diameter red to black berries The roots can be over 1 m long up to 12 mm thick It prefers loamy soils with a constant level of moisture Madders are used as food plants for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Hummingbird hawk moth Uses editRubia cordifolia was the source of an economically important red pigment in many regions of Asia Europe and Africa It was extensively cultivated from antiquity until the mid nineteenth century The plant s roots contain an anthraquinone called purpurin 1 2 4 Trihydroxyanthraquinone that gives it its red colour when used as a textile dye It was also used as a colourant especially for paint that is referred to as Madder lake The substance was also derived from other species Rubia tinctorum also widely cultivated and the Asiatic species Rubia argyi H Leveille amp Vaniot H Hara ex Lauener synonym Rubia akane Nakai 2 based on the Japanese Aka アカ or あか red and ne ネ or ね root The invention of a synthesized duplicate an anthracene compound called alizarin greatly reduced demand for the natural derivative 3 The roots of Rubia cordifolia are also the source of a medicine used in Ayurveda this is commonly known in Ayurvedic Sanskrit as Manjistha or Manjista or Manjishta and the commercial product in Hindi as Manjith 4 It is known as btsod Tibetan བཙ ད Wylie btsod THL tso in Traditional Tibetan Medicine where it is used to treat blood disorders spread heat Tibetan འག མས ཚད Wylie grams tshad THL dram tshe excess heat in the lungs kidneys and intestines reduce swelling and is a component of the three reds Tibetan དམར གས མ Wylie dmar gsum THL mar sum a subcompound included in many Tibetan preparations in order to remove excess heat in the blood 5 In Traditional Chinese Medicine it is known as qian cǎo gen 茜草根 Pharmacologic properties editThe following properties were described in various cellular and animal models anti inflammatory 6 urolithiasis 7 immunomodulatory 8 References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rubia cordifolia nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Rubia cordifolia Rubia cordifolia Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 22 October 2023 Iwatsuki K T Yamazaki D E Boufford and H Ohba 1993 Flora of Japan IIIa 232 Material Name madder material record Museum of Fine Arts Boston November 2007 Archived from the original on 2011 07 27 Retrieved 2009 01 01 S Pathania R Daman S Bhandari B Singh Brij Lal 2006 Comparative Studies of Rubia cordifolia L and its Commercial Samples Ethnobotanical Leaflets 11 179 188 Archived from the original on 2009 01 07 Gyatso Thinley Hakim Chris 2010 Essentials of Tibetan traditional medicine Berkeley Calif North Atlantic Books pp 167 ISBN 978 1 55643 867 7 Joshan Rani S Nagarauk R Anuradha P Antibacterial properties of extracts of Indian medicinal plants Syzygium alternifolium phyllanthus niruri and rubia cordifolia Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 2010 3 1 123 128 Divakar K Pawar A T Chandrasekhar S B Dighe S B Divakar G Protective effect of the hydro alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia roots against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010 48 4 1013 1018 Joharapurkar A A ZAMBAD S P WANJARI M M UMATHE S N IN VIVO EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF RUBIA CORDIFOLIA LINN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ETHANOL INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2003 35 232 236 7 Joharapurkar A A ZAMBAD S P WANJARI M M UMATHE S N IN VIVO EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF RUBIA CORDIFOLIA LINN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ETHANOL INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2003 35 232 236External links editCaldecott Todd 2006 Ayurveda The Divine Science of Life Elsevier Mosby ISBN 0 7234 3410 7 Contains a detailed monograph on Rubia cordifolia Manjishta as well as a discussion of health benefits and usage in clinical practice Available online at https web archive org web 20110616193446 http www toddcaldecott com index php herbs learning herbs 306 manjishta Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rubia cordifolia amp oldid 1181405393, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
