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Protected areas of Australia

January 17, 2023

Protected areas of Australia include Commonwealth and off-shore protected areas managed by the Australian government, as well as protected areas within each of the six states of Australia and two self-governing territories, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory, which are managed by the eight state and territory governments.

Commonwealth and off-shore protected areas in the Australian Capital Territory, the Northern Territory, the Christmas Island Territory, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Territory, the Norfolk Island Territory and the Australian Antarctic Territory are managed by Director of National Parks, an agency within the Department of the Environment and Energy, with the exception of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, which is managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, a separate body within the department.

As of February 2022 protected areas cover 1,518,814.69 km2 (586,417.63 sq mi) of Australia's land area, or about 19.75% of the total land area. The Australian Capital Territory has the highest level of protection at nearly 56% of its territory, followed by Tasmania with 42% and South Australia with 30%. The lowest level of protection is in Queensland and New South Wales with 8.71% and 9.61% respectively.[1] Of all protected areas, two-thirds are considered strictly protected (IUCN categories I to IV), and the rest is mostly managed resources protected area (IUCN category VI).[citation needed] Over 43% of the protected area in Australia is publicly owned and managed by the Australian government or state and territory governments. The second-largest component of protected areas are the Indigenous Protected Areas, at over 44% and growing as of February 2022.[1]

Protected areas managed by the Australian government

The following list shows only the Commonwealth and off-shore protected areas that are managed by the Australian government which represents a small portion of all protected areas located in Australia. Each state and territory is responsible for the management of the protected areas under its jurisdiction with exception to protected areas such as the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park in the Northern Territory. The majority of Australian protected areas are managed by the state and territory governments.

National Parks

The following protected areas which are designated as national parks are managed by the Australian government and in some instances in conjunction with indigenous land owners:[2]

Australia's first national park - and the second in the world - is Royal National Park in New South Wales, established in 1879.[5]

National Heritage List

Main article: Australian National Heritage List

The National Heritage List is a heritage register, a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003.[6] The list includes natural and historic places, including those of cultural significance to Indigenous Australians. Once on the National Heritage List the provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 apply.[7] Some of these also form part of the World Heritage Sites listed in a separate section below.

Botanical Gardens

Antarctic Specially Protected Areas

Further information: Antarctic Specially Protected Areas

As of 2014 there are 12 Antarctic Specially Protected Areas[10]

Antarctic Specially Managed Areas

Further information: Antarctic Specially Managed Area

As of 2014 there is 1 Antarctic Specially Managed Area[10]

Commonwealth Marine reserves

Main article: Commonwealth marine reserves

The Australian Government manages an estate of marine protected areas known as Commonwealth marine reserves (CMR) which was established under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). These marine reserves are in Australian waters, but not state or territory waters.[11][12] A majority of the reserves are not in effect until new managements plans are released following a review of reserves established in 2012.[13][14]

In addition to the Coral Sea CMR[15] and the Heard Island and McDonald Islands CMR,[16] there are a further 57 Commonwealth marine reserves grouped into 5 geographical regions called Commonwealth marine reserve networks:

  • North network (8 reserves)[17]
  • North-west network (13 reserves)[18]
  • Temperate East network (8 reserves)[19]
  • South-east network (14 reserves)[20]
  • South-west network (14 reserves)[21]

Calperum and Taylorville Stations

Further information: Calperum Station (reserve) and Taylorville Station (reserve)

Calperum and Taylorville Stations are pastoral leases located next to each other near Renmark in South Australia and which were purchased for conservation purposes using both private and Australian government funds. Calperum Station was purchased by the Chicago Zoological Society in 1993 while Taylorville Station was purchased by the Australian Landscape Trust in 2000 with the ownership of both leases being deeded to the Director of National Parks. Both properties are managed by the Australian Landscape Trust.[22][23]

Protection arising from Australian government policy and international obligations

World Heritage listed areas

Further information: List of World Heritage Sites in Oceania

As of April 2020, the following sites are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites:[24]

Indigenous protected areas

Main article: Indigenous Protected Area

An Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) is a class of protected area formed by agreement with Indigenous Australians and formally recognised by the Australian government as being part of the National Reserve System. As of April 2020 there are 75 IPAs occupying about 67,000,000 hectares (170,000,000 acres) and comprising more than 44% of the National Reserve System.[25]

Biosphere reserves

Further information: List of biosphere reserves in Australia

The following biosphere reserves belonging to the UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve program are located within Australia:[26][27]

Ramsar sites

Further information: List of Ramsar sites in Australia

As a contracting party to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (known as the Ramsar Convention), Australia is encouraged "to nominate sites containing representative, rare or unique wetlands, or that are important for conserving biological diversity, to the List of Wetlands of International Importance".[28] As of March 2014, the Australian Government has nominated 65 Ramsar sites.[29]

Management by Australian states and territories

Other conservation organisations

There is a number of private and government organisations involved in conservation in Australia.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Ownership of protected areas". Department of Water, Agriculture and the Environment. Australian Government. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  2. ^ "National Parks". Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Welcome to Booderee National Park". Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Our history". Parks Australia. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  5. ^ Australian Government: National Reserve System, retrieved 2009-09-22
  6. ^ "Australia's National Heritage List". Australian Government. Dept of Energy and the Environment. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  7. ^ "Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Section 324A". Australasian Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  8. ^ "Welcome to the Australian National Botanic Gardens". Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  9. ^ "Norfolk Island Botanic Garden". Parks Australia. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  10. ^ a b "CAPAD 2014 Commonwealth Summary". Australian Government - Department of the Environment. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  11. ^ "Commonwealth marine reserves". Parks Australia, Department of the Environment. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  12. ^ "Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (Commonwealth Marine Reserves) Proclamation 2012 - F2012L02188". Commonwealth of Australia, Comlaw. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  13. ^ "About the Commonwealth Marine Reserves Review". environment.gov.au. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  14. ^ Smail, Stephanie (6 September 2016). "Conservationists critical of plan to reduce Coral Sea marine park protection". abc.net.au. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  15. ^ "Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve". Parks Australia, Department of the Environment. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  16. ^ "Marine reserve". Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  17. ^ "North Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network". Parks Australia, Department of the Environment. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  18. ^ "North-west Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network". Parks Australia, Department of the Environment. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  19. ^ "Temperate East Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network". Parks Australia, Department of the Environment. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  20. ^ "South-east Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network". Parks Australia, Department of the Environment. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  21. ^ "South-west Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network". Parks Australia, Department of the Environment. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  22. ^ "Calperum and Taylorville Stations". Australian government, Department of the Environment. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  23. ^ "Danggali Wilderness Protection Area and Conservation Park Management Plan 2011" (PDF). Department of Environment and Natural Resources. p. 2. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  24. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage (11 October 2017). "World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  25. ^ "Indigenous Protected Areas". Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. 18 February 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  26. ^ "Australia's Biosphere Reserves". Parks Australia. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  27. ^ "Australia". Man and the Biosphere Programme. UNESCO. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  28. ^ "Australia's Ramsar Sites". Department of the Environment (Australia). Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  29. ^ "Australia's Ramsar Sites" (PDF). Department of the Environment (Australia). Retrieved 27 March 2014.

External links

  • Department of the Environment,Australia
  • The Director of National Parks
  • Parks Australia
  • Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

January 17, 2023
protected, areas, australia, include, commonwealth, shore, protected, areas, managed, australian, government, well, protected, areas, within, each, states, australia, self, governing, territories, australian, capital, territory, northern, territory, which, man. Protected areas of Australia include Commonwealth and off shore protected areas managed by the Australian government as well as protected areas within each of the six states of Australia and two self governing territories the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory which are managed by the eight state and territory governments Commonwealth and off shore protected areas in the Australian Capital Territory the Northern Territory the Christmas Island Territory the Cocos Keeling Islands Territory the Norfolk Island Territory and the Australian Antarctic Territory are managed by Director of National Parks an agency within the Department of the Environment and Energy with the exception of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park which is managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority a separate body within the department As of February 2022 update protected areas cover 1 518 814 69 km2 586 417 63 sq mi of Australia s land area or about 19 75 of the total land area The Australian Capital Territory has the highest level of protection at nearly 56 of its territory followed by Tasmania with 42 and South Australia with 30 The lowest level of protection is in Queensland and New South Wales with 8 71 and 9 61 respectively 1 Of all protected areas two thirds are considered strictly protected IUCN categories I to IV and the rest is mostly managed resources protected area IUCN category VI citation needed Over 43 of the protected area in Australia is publicly owned and managed by the Australian government or state and territory governments The second largest component of protected areas are the Indigenous Protected Areas at over 44 and growing as of February 2022 update 1 Contents 1 Protected areas managed by the Australian government 1 1 National Parks 1 2 National Heritage List 1 3 Botanical Gardens 1 4 Antarctic Specially Protected Areas 1 5 Antarctic Specially Managed Areas 1 6 Commonwealth Marine reserves 1 7 Calperum and Taylorville Stations 2 Protection arising from Australian government policy and international obligations 2 1 World Heritage listed areas 2 2 Indigenous protected areas 2 3 Biosphere reserves 2 4 Ramsar sites 3 Management by Australian states and territories 4 Other conservation organisations 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksProtected areas managed by the Australian government EditThe following list shows only the Commonwealth and off shore protected areas that are managed by the Australian government which represents a small portion of all protected areas located in Australia Each state and territory is responsible for the management of the protected areas under its jurisdiction with exception to protected areas such as the Uluru Kata Tjuta National Park in the Northern Territory The majority of Australian protected areas are managed by the state and territory governments National Parks Edit The following protected areas which are designated as national parks are managed by the Australian government and in some instances in conjunction with indigenous land owners 2 Booderee owned by the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community and co managed 3 4 Christmas Island Kakadu Norfolk Island Pulu Keeling Uluru Kata TjutaAustralia s first national park and the second in the world is Royal National Park in New South Wales established in 1879 5 National Heritage List Edit Main article Australian National Heritage List The National Heritage List is a heritage register a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia established in 2003 6 The list includes natural and historic places including those of cultural significance to Indigenous Australians Once on the National Heritage List the provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 apply 7 Some of these also form part of the World Heritage Sites listed in a separate section below Botanical Gardens Edit Australian National 8 Booderee owned by the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community and co managed 3 4 Norfolk Island 9 Antarctic Specially Protected Areas Edit Further information Antarctic Specially Protected Areas As of 2014 there are 12 Antarctic Specially Protected Areas 10 Amanda Bay Ardery Island and Odbert Island Clark Peninsula Frazier Islands Hawker Island Marine Plain Mawson s Huts North eastern Bailey Peninsula Rookery Islands Scullin and Murray Monoliths Stornes Taylor RookeryAntarctic Specially Managed Areas Edit Further information Antarctic Specially Managed Area As of 2014 there is 1 Antarctic Specially Managed Area 10 Larsemann HillsCommonwealth Marine reserves Edit Main article Commonwealth marine reserves The Australian Government manages an estate of marine protected areas known as Commonwealth marine reserves CMR which was established under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 EPBC Act These marine reserves are in Australian waters but not state or territory waters 11 12 A majority of the reserves are not in effect until new managements plans are released following a review of reserves established in 2012 13 14 In addition to the Coral Sea CMR 15 and the Heard Island and McDonald Islands CMR 16 there are a further 57 Commonwealth marine reserves grouped into 5 geographical regions called Commonwealth marine reserve networks North network 8 reserves 17 North west network 13 reserves 18 Temperate East network 8 reserves 19 South east network 14 reserves 20 South west network 14 reserves 21 Calperum and Taylorville Stations Edit Further information Calperum Station reserve and Taylorville Station reserve Calperum and Taylorville Stations are pastoral leases located next to each other near Renmark in South Australia and which were purchased for conservation purposes using both private and Australian government funds Calperum Station was purchased by the Chicago Zoological Society in 1993 while Taylorville Station was purchased by the Australian Landscape Trust in 2000 with the ownership of both leases being deeded to the Director of National Parks Both properties are managed by the Australian Landscape Trust 22 23 Protection arising from Australian government policy and international obligations EditWorld Heritage listed areas Edit Further information List of World Heritage Sites in Oceania As of April 2020 update the following sites are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites 24 Australian Fossil Mammal Sites Riversleigh Qld and Naracoorte SA Australian Convict Sites consisting of 11 remnant sites Budj Bim Cultural Landscape Vic Fraser Island Qld Gondwana Rainforests of Australia formerly Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves Great Barrier Reef Qld Greater Blue Mountains Area NSW Heard and McDonald Islands Antarctica Kakadu National Park NT Lord Howe Island Macquarie Island Ningaloo Coast WA Purnululu National Park WA Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens Shark Bay WA Sydney Opera House Tasmanian Wilderness Uluru Kata Tjuta National Park NT Wet Tropics of Queensland Willandra Lakes Region NSWIndigenous protected areas Edit Main article Indigenous Protected Area An Indigenous Protected Area IPA is a class of protected area formed by agreement with Indigenous Australians and formally recognised by the Australian government as being part of the National Reserve System As of April 2020 update there are 75 IPAs occupying about 67 000 000 hectares 170 000 000 acres and comprising more than 44 of the National Reserve System 25 Biosphere reserves Edit Further information List of biosphere reserves in Australia The following biosphere reserves belonging to the UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve program are located within Australia 26 27 Croajingolong Victoria 1977 Riverland South Australia 1977 Kosciuszko New South Wales 1977 Prince Regent River Western Australia 1977 Mamungari formerly Unnamed South Australia 1977 Uluru Ayers Rock Mount Olga Northern Territory 1977 Yathong 1977 Fitzgerald River Western Australia 1978 Hattah Kulkyne and Murray Kulkyne Victoria 1981 Wilsons Promontory Victoria 1981 Mornington Peninsula and Western Port Victoria 2002 Barkindji New South Wales 2005 Noosa Queensland 2007 Great Sandy Queensland 2009 Ramsar sites Edit Further information List of Ramsar sites in Australia As a contracting party to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance known as the Ramsar Convention Australia is encouraged to nominate sites containing representative rare or unique wetlands or that are important for conserving biological diversity to the List of Wetlands of International Importance 28 As of March 2014 the Australian Government has nominated 65 Ramsar sites 29 Management by Australian states and territories EditProtected areas of the Australian Capital Territory Protected areas of New South Wales Protected areas of the Northern Territory Protected areas of Queensland Protected areas of South Australia Protected areas of Tasmania Protected areas of Victoria Protected areas of Western AustraliaOther conservation organisations EditThere is a number of private and government organisations involved in conservation in Australia See also EditAustralia s National Reserve System Australian Whale Sanctuary Conservation park Australia List of national parks of Australia Wild RiversReferences Edit a b Ownership of protected areas Department of Water Agriculture and the Environment Australian Government Retrieved 6 February 2022 National Parks Commonwealth of Australia Retrieved 14 June 2015 a b Welcome to Booderee National Park Commonwealth of Australia Retrieved 5 February 2020 a b Our history Parks Australia Retrieved 5 February 2020 Australian Government National Reserve System retrieved 2009 09 22 Australia s National Heritage List Australian Government Dept of Energy and the Environment Retrieved 30 January 2020 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Section 324A Australasian Legal Information Institute Retrieved 28 June 2015 Welcome to the Australian National Botanic Gardens Commonwealth of Australia Retrieved 14 June 2015 Norfolk Island Botanic Garden Parks Australia Retrieved 30 April 2016 a b CAPAD 2014 Commonwealth Summary Australian Government Department of the Environment Retrieved 30 April 2016 Commonwealth marine reserves Parks Australia Department of the Environment Retrieved 18 March 2015 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Commonwealth Marine Reserves Proclamation 2012 F2012L02188 Commonwealth of Australia Comlaw Retrieved 17 March 2015 About the Commonwealth Marine Reserves Review environment gov au Commonwealth of Australia Retrieved 2 May 2017 Smail Stephanie 6 September 2016 Conservationists critical of plan to reduce Coral Sea marine park protection abc net au Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 2 May 2017 Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve Parks Australia Department of the Environment Retrieved 18 March 2015 Marine reserve Australian Antarctic Division Department of the Environment Retrieved 18 March 2015 North Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network Parks Australia Department of the Environment Retrieved 18 March 2015 North west Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network Parks Australia Department of the Environment Retrieved 18 March 2015 Temperate East Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network Parks Australia Department of the Environment Retrieved 18 March 2015 South east Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network Parks Australia Department of the Environment Retrieved 18 March 2015 South west Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network Parks Australia Department of the Environment Retrieved 18 March 2015 Calperum and Taylorville Stations Australian government Department of the Environment Retrieved 2 November 2014 Danggali Wilderness Protection Area and Conservation Park Management Plan 2011 PDF Department of Environment and Natural Resources p 2 Retrieved 3 November 2014 Centre UNESCO World Heritage 11 October 2017 World Heritage List UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved 5 April 2020 Indigenous Protected Areas Department of Agriculture Water and the Environment 18 February 2019 Retrieved 5 April 2020 Australia s Biosphere Reserves Parks Australia Retrieved 3 November 2014 Australia Man and the Biosphere Programme UNESCO Retrieved 5 November 2016 Australia s Ramsar Sites Department of the Environment Australia Retrieved 27 March 2014 Australia s Ramsar Sites PDF Department of the Environment Australia Retrieved 27 March 2014 External links EditDepartment of the Environment Australia The Director of National Parks Parks Australia Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Protected areas of Australia amp oldid 1074803572, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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