fbpx
Wikipedia

Portuguese colonial architecture

February 15, 2024

Portuguese colonial architecture refers to the various styles of Portuguese architecture built across the Portuguese Empire (including Portugal). Many former colonies, especially Brazil, Macau, and India, promote their Portuguese architecture as major tourist attractions and many are UNESCO world heritage sites. Portuguese colonial architecture can be found in the plethora of former colonies throughout South America, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, India, Oceania, and East Asia.

Portuguese-styled townhouses, called sobrados - in Ouro Preto, Brazil.

15th century edit

 
A map of the Portuguese Empire and its claims, strongholds, trade waters, and economic interests.
 
The Portuguese Empire at the end of the 15th century.

During the 15th century, the Portuguese Empire laid its foundations across the world as the world's first modern colonial empire, and what would be the longest. The Empire came into existence in 1415, with the Capture of Ceuta, by the forces of Infante Henrique of Aviz, the "Navigator". This key victory initiated a century of Portuguese expansion and colonization of the African continent. In North Africa, the Portuguese conquered Ceuta, 1415, Alcácer Ceguer, 1458, Arzila, 1471, Tangiers, 1471, Mazagão, 1485, Ouadane, 1487, Safim, 1488, and Graciosa, 1489. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the Portuguese established and colonized Anguim, 1455, Cabo Verde, 1462, São Tomé and Príncipe, 1470, Annobón, 1474, Fernando Pó, 1478, São Jorge da Mina, 1482, Portuguese Gold Coast, 1482, and the Mascarenhas, 1498. It was also in the 15th century when the Portuguese established Portuguese India, conquering the Laquedivas and landing at Calicut, both in 1498. The Azores and Madeira would also be added to the Empire in 1432 and 1420, respectively.

During the 15th century, the Portuguese Empire was expanding and laying its foundations, and the colonial architecture of this period was built following a militaristic and functional base. Most of Portugal's colonies were defended by military fortifications, today the highlight of Portuguese colonial architecture of the period. The Fort of São Jorge da Mina is a well-preserved example of 15th-century Portuguese colonial architecture. Beginning construction in 1482, the fort was, for a long period, the most sophisticated and impenetrable fortification in Sub-Saharan Africa. Like many Portuguese castles and colonial fortifications of the time, the fort was built in a sober and functional style, with an importance more on defensibility that appearance. On the interior of most Portuguese colonial forts of the 15th century, highlights of governor's mansions and imperial administrative buildings included the occasional Gothic and Manueline portal, fountain, or window.

Apart from military architecture, religious architecture was an important genre of interest in 15th-century Portuguese colonial architecture. Religious expansion being a backbone of Portuguese imperial expansion during the 15th century, many of the oldest Christian churches of Africa were founded by the Portuguese during this time. The Cathedral of Funchal, the oldest cathedral in Africa, started 1491, is a good exampled of Portuguese colonial religious architecture. During the 15th century, most Portuguese colonial religious buildings, much like those of military and civic purpose, were built soberly and with few extravagancies. Portuguese colonial churches of the 15th century, however sober they may have been, were the center point of most of the many Portuguese colonies at the time, and thus were usually the most ornate buildings in the colony, ornateness in this period meaning a detailed portal or window. The Cathedral of Funchal best typifies the 15th-century Portuguese colonial church, with its tall and sturdy stronghold-like church walls with a detailed Gothic portal and rose window.

16th century edit

 
The Portuguese Empire at the end of the 16th century.

During the 16th century, the Portuguese Empire was the largest, and wealthiest, European colonial empire and Portugal was one of Europe's most important states. Within the first year of the century, 1500, the Portuguese had established the Captaincy Colonies of Brazil, in South America, the colonies of Terra Nova and Labrador, in North America, the trade-colonies of Cochim, in India, and Melinde, in Sub-Saharan Africa. This century really solidified the Portuguese stronghold on the spice trade, with territorial expansions in Portuguese India, with the conquest of key cities, such as Calecute, 1512, Bombaim, 1534, Baçaím, 1535, and Salsete, 1534, among others. The Portuguese colonization of the Americas also began in the 16th century, establishing three North American colonies and thirteen South American colonies, but by the end of the century the number of colonies, in total, was reduced to four, due to integration into mega-colonies. In the far east, the Portuguese established Portuguese Macau, 1537, and Portuguese Timor, 1596. By the end of the century, the Portuguese Empire was an enormously vast empire, spanning from Portuguese Malacca, in East Asia, and the Governorate General of Brazil, in South America, to Ormuz, on the Persian Gulf, and Mombaça, in Sub-Saharan Africa. The expansion of the empire, both territorially and economically, influenced Portuguese colonial architecture a great deal.

Like in the 15th century, Portuguese colonial architecture in the 16th century was built for the utmost functionality and purpose. Unlike in the previous epoch, however, 16th-century Portuguese colonial architecture did not skip aesthetics in order to pursue functionality, instead it was, for the first time, able to truly compromise the two ideals of beauty and function, an ideal persistent throughout the Portuguese Renaissance. As in most times, military structures of the period were usually large, foreboding forts, but Portuguese colonial architecture of the 16th century also saw the creation of administrative palaces and governor mansions within these forts, which were built in a manner following necessity but also taste and style, on a different level than seen before. A good example of a Portuguese colonial military fort with palatial accommodations is the Fort of the Reis Magos, in Natal, Brazil. The fort is located on the edge of the ocean, on a strategic location for both land and sea attacks, and is completely sober in its exterior façade. On the interior, however, the Governor's Mansion was built in a simple, but stylish at the time, Alentejo style, originating in the south of Portugal.

Alongside the increased sophistication of Portuguese colonial military architecture in the 16th century, religious architecture hit a level never seen before in the Portuguese Empire. Portugal's immense wealth from its empire, mainly from the spice trade, fueled its historical religious zeal for converting non-Christians. Portuguese India of the 16th century was the cultural and economic powerhouse of the Portuguese Empire, and this, in combination with the Goa Inquisition, subset of the Portuguese Inquisition, created a major court of the Portuguese Renaissance, evident in the enormous and elaborate churches of the epoch. The Cathedral of Goa, the cathedral for Portuguese India, embodies most all of what Portuguese colonial religious architecture stood for. The cathedral was built to commemorate a Christian victory, that of Afonso de Albuquerque over the Moslems, and the edifice is built in a grandiose Portuguese classical style. The high bell towers and detailed portal and windows are typical of Portuguese churches, and they seek to show Christian, more importantly Portuguese, dominance of the area, a major theme of Portuguese colonial religious architecture of the 16th century.

17th century edit

 
The Portuguese Empire at the end of the 17th century.

For the Portuguese Empire, the 17th century was a time of reclamation and gradual increase. After the Dutch-Portuguese War, the Portuguese reclaimed the territories that the Dutch had occupied during the Iberian Union. In India, Portuguese territories were no longer the only powerful Europeans in the region and the colonies there saw minimal expansion, São Tomé de Meliapor, 1687, as well as the transfer of Bombaim to the British, 1661, as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry. In Africa, the Portuguese expanded along the coast, with São João Baptista de Ajudá, 1680, and Bissau, 1687, and inland, with Ziguinchor, 1645. The centre and focus of Portuguese imperial ambition, during the 17th century, was Portuguese America. With the abandonment of Barbados, 1620, and the restructuration of the Governorate General of Brazil, 1621, Portuguese colonial possessions in the Americas were reestablished into two colonial states, the State of Brazil and the State of Maranhão. With the foundation of Colony of Santíssimo Sacramento, in 1680, the Portuguese gained substantial territorial gains in South America. Expansion, coupled with the riches from the Brazilian Gold Rush, fostered a new level of Portuguese colonial architecture in Portuguese America, that based itself more on lavishness and wealth than the sober and conservative stylistic bases of the 16th century.

Initially, the 17th century was a rough period for the Portuguese Empire, having ended the Iberian Union, through the Portuguese Restoration War, and then entered into the Dutch-Portuguese War. Because of the continuous military action throughout the empire, a large part of 17th-century Portuguese colonial architecture was that of building Baroque, scientifically designed fortifications. A good example of 17th-century Portuguese colonial military architecture is the Fort and Defensive Walls of the Colony of Santíssimo Sacramento. Typical of the era, Santíssimo Sacramento's fortifications surrounded the city completely and only had access three ways, two draw gates to the territory and the port of the city, as most Portuguese colonial cities were structured. The 17th century also saw a period of heightened urban planning in Portuguese colonial locations, sculpting the colonial cities and forts around the ideals and rationales of the Enlightenment.

Although the 17th century was a tumultuous time for the Portuguese Empire, filled with conflict, conquest, and confusion, a heightened religious zeal arose to support and justify the actions taken by Portuguese imperial forces. Religious Portuguese colonial architecture of the time was typified by grandeur and demonstration of religious importance and imperial wealth. The majority of churches and other religious buildings during this epoch were built in a transition phase between Mannerism and the Baroque. A good example of a Portuguese colonial church from the era is the Church of the Divine Providence of São Caetano, 1639, India. The church, which was a mannerist-baroque crossover, was ordered to be built by Pedro da Silva, Viceroy of India, to demonstrate Portuguese wealth and the integration of the territory as an important Portuguese colony. Many Portuguese colonial churches of the 17th century were constructed to present power and wealth of the Portuguese Empire over an area, apart from religious uses, and the more important the colony the better designed and grander the church or monastery.

18th century edit

 
The Portuguese Empire at the end of the 18th century.

The 18th century was an epoch a great expansion in the Portuguese Empire. In Portuguese America, the State of Brazil and the State of Maranhão expanded westward, leading to the restructuration of Maranhão into the mega-colony State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão, in 1751. In 1772, Portuguese America, once again, expanded and restructured, splitting the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão into the State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro and the State of Maranhão and Piauí. Meanwhile, the Colony of Santíssimo Sacramento was disputed between the Portuguese and the Spanish for the major part of the century, creating uneasy conditions in that colony. In Portuguese India, territorial conquest and diplomacy created the Colony of Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli, 1779. In Portuguese Africa, imperial holdings expanded up the eastern continental coast with the reconquest of Mombaça, 1728, which had been lost in 1698. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake devastated the Kingdom of Portugal and its capital of Lisbon, and thus most imperial funds went to metropolitan Portugal to rebuild the wrecked capital and its realms. The loss of some funds hindered Portuguese colonial architecture in the 18th century initially, but the great gold mines of Portuguese America, and the lucrative slave trade of Portuguese Africa, allowed a period of relative wealth and fostered the arts.

During the 18th, Portuguese colonial military architecture grew at a steady rate, with scientific breakthroughs and engineering advancements, but it is overshadowed by the new height for Portuguese Colonial civic architecture, which expanded due to the time of peace and great wealth for the Portuguese Empire. During the epoch, Northern Portuguese Baroque, a style that originated from the Porto and Beira regions of northern Portugal, became the preferred style for Portuguese colonial civic architecture. It was in the 18th century that the Portuguese colonies in South America gained their importance within the empire, through newly found gold and diamonds, and many great palaces, public buildings, and monuments were created, including the Passeio Público, 1779, the oldest public park in the Americas. A good example for a Portuguese colonial civic building from the era is the Palace of the Viceroys of Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro. Built in 1738, for the Viceroy of State of Brazil, the palace typifies the style of Portuguese colonial baroque in civic use, with its white-washed exterior walls and simple grey stone baroque windows and portals.

Similar in Portuguese colonial civic architecture, the religious counterpart largely used the Northern Portuguese Baroque style as the basis for most architectural projects. Colonial churches of the era saw a period of never before seen lavishness and excess. Richly ornate Baroque exteriors of grey and brown stone on white washed walls were equaled in high design with their gold gilded interiors with intricately painted ceilings and azulejos. A typification of Portuguese colonial religious architecture of the era is the Church of São Francisco de Assis, in Ouro Preto. Designed by the famous Portuguese colonial architect Antônio Francisco Lisboa, the church proclaims to its visitors the wealth of the Portuguese Empire and God's blessing over it, by giving it access to the vast riches of colonial Brazil. The ornate double-storied portal is typical of the epoch, while the rounded plan of the church is unique to Portuguese Colonial architecture in Brazil. The baroque rounded tops that flatten out at the end are common amongst all Portuguese colonial architecture, both religious and civic, and both in Brazil and in the rest of the Portuguese Empire.

19th century edit

20th century edit

See also edit

Sources edit

  • Hue, Jorge de Souza (1999). Uma visão da arquitectura colonial no Brasil [A vision of Colonial Architecture in Brazil] (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Boxer, Charles Ralph (1962). The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750: Growing Pains of a Colonial Society. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520015500.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Portuguese colonial architecture.
  • ARQHYS Architect's Site - la arquitectura colonial

February 15, 2024
portuguese, colonial, architecture, refers, various, styles, portuguese, architecture, built, across, portuguese, empire, including, portugal, many, former, colonies, especially, brazil, macau, india, promote, their, portuguese, architecture, major, tourist, a. Portuguese colonial architecture refers to the various styles of Portuguese architecture built across the Portuguese Empire including Portugal Many former colonies especially Brazil Macau and India promote their Portuguese architecture as major tourist attractions and many are UNESCO world heritage sites Portuguese colonial architecture can be found in the plethora of former colonies throughout South America North Africa Sub Saharan Africa India Oceania and East Asia Portuguese styled townhouses called sobrados in Ouro Preto Brazil Contents 1 15th century 2 16th century 3 17th century 4 18th century 5 19th century 6 20th century 7 See also 8 Sources 9 External links15th century edit nbsp A map of the Portuguese Empire and its claims strongholds trade waters and economic interests nbsp The Portuguese Empire at the end of the 15th century During the 15th century the Portuguese Empire laid its foundations across the world as the world s first modern colonial empire and what would be the longest The Empire came into existence in 1415 with the Capture of Ceuta by the forces of Infante Henrique of Aviz the Navigator This key victory initiated a century of Portuguese expansion and colonization of the African continent In North Africa the Portuguese conquered Ceuta 1415 Alcacer Ceguer 1458 Arzila 1471 Tangiers 1471 Mazagao 1485 Ouadane 1487 Safim 1488 and Graciosa 1489 In Sub Saharan Africa the Portuguese established and colonized Anguim 1455 Cabo Verde 1462 Sao Tome and Principe 1470 Annobon 1474 Fernando Po 1478 Sao Jorge da Mina 1482 Portuguese Gold Coast 1482 and the Mascarenhas 1498 It was also in the 15th century when the Portuguese established Portuguese India conquering the Laquedivas and landing at Calicut both in 1498 The Azores and Madeira would also be added to the Empire in 1432 and 1420 respectively During the 15th century the Portuguese Empire was expanding and laying its foundations and the colonial architecture of this period was built following a militaristic and functional base Most of Portugal s colonies were defended by military fortifications today the highlight of Portuguese colonial architecture of the period The Fort of Sao Jorge da Mina is a well preserved example of 15th century Portuguese colonial architecture Beginning construction in 1482 the fort was for a long period the most sophisticated and impenetrable fortification in Sub Saharan Africa Like many Portuguese castles and colonial fortifications of the time the fort was built in a sober and functional style with an importance more on defensibility that appearance On the interior of most Portuguese colonial forts of the 15th century highlights of governor s mansions and imperial administrative buildings included the occasional Gothic and Manueline portal fountain or window Apart from military architecture religious architecture was an important genre of interest in 15th century Portuguese colonial architecture Religious expansion being a backbone of Portuguese imperial expansion during the 15th century many of the oldest Christian churches of Africa were founded by the Portuguese during this time The Cathedral of Funchal the oldest cathedral in Africa started 1491 is a good exampled of Portuguese colonial religious architecture During the 15th century most Portuguese colonial religious buildings much like those of military and civic purpose were built soberly and with few extravagancies Portuguese colonial churches of the 15th century however sober they may have been were the center point of most of the many Portuguese colonies at the time and thus were usually the most ornate buildings in the colony ornateness in this period meaning a detailed portal or window The Cathedral of Funchal best typifies the 15th century Portuguese colonial church with its tall and sturdy stronghold like church walls with a detailed Gothic portal and rose window nbsp Tower of Castelo Brancob 1471 Azores nbsp Cathedral of Funchal b 1491 Madeira nbsp Fort of Mazagao b 1485 Morocco nbsp Church of Santo Antonio b 1498 Mozambique nbsp Fort of Sao Joao of Arzila b 1475 Morocco nbsp Church of N S do Rosario b 1495 Cape Verde nbsp Fort of Sao Jorge da Mina b 1482 Ghana nbsp S Miguel Arcanjo Church b 1460 Azores16th century edit nbsp The Portuguese Empire at the end of the 16th century During the 16th century the Portuguese Empire was the largest and wealthiest European colonial empire and Portugal was one of Europe s most important states Within the first year of the century 1500 the Portuguese had established the Captaincy Colonies of Brazil in South America the colonies of Terra Nova and Labrador in North America the trade colonies of Cochim in India and Melinde in Sub Saharan Africa This century really solidified the Portuguese stronghold on the spice trade with territorial expansions in Portuguese India with the conquest of key cities such as Calecute 1512 Bombaim 1534 Bacaim 1535 and Salsete 1534 among others The Portuguese colonization of the Americas also began in the 16th century establishing three North American colonies and thirteen South American colonies but by the end of the century the number of colonies in total was reduced to four due to integration into mega colonies In the far east the Portuguese established Portuguese Macau 1537 and Portuguese Timor 1596 By the end of the century the Portuguese Empire was an enormously vast empire spanning from Portuguese Malacca in East Asia and the Governorate General of Brazil in South America to Ormuz on the Persian Gulf and Mombaca in Sub Saharan Africa The expansion of the empire both territorially and economically influenced Portuguese colonial architecture a great deal Like in the 15th century Portuguese colonial architecture in the 16th century was built for the utmost functionality and purpose Unlike in the previous epoch however 16th century Portuguese colonial architecture did not skip aesthetics in order to pursue functionality instead it was for the first time able to truly compromise the two ideals of beauty and function an ideal persistent throughout the Portuguese Renaissance As in most times military structures of the period were usually large foreboding forts but Portuguese colonial architecture of the 16th century also saw the creation of administrative palaces and governor mansions within these forts which were built in a manner following necessity but also taste and style on a different level than seen before A good example of a Portuguese colonial military fort with palatial accommodations is the Fort of the Reis Magos in Natal Brazil The fort is located on the edge of the ocean on a strategic location for both land and sea attacks and is completely sober in its exterior facade On the interior however the Governor s Mansion was built in a simple but stylish at the time Alentejo style originating in the south of Portugal Alongside the increased sophistication of Portuguese colonial military architecture in the 16th century religious architecture hit a level never seen before in the Portuguese Empire Portugal s immense wealth from its empire mainly from the spice trade fueled its historical religious zeal for converting non Christians Portuguese India of the 16th century was the cultural and economic powerhouse of the Portuguese Empire and this in combination with the Goa Inquisition subset of the Portuguese Inquisition created a major court of the Portuguese Renaissance evident in the enormous and elaborate churches of the epoch The Cathedral of Goa the cathedral for Portuguese India embodies most all of what Portuguese colonial religious architecture stood for The cathedral was built to commemorate a Christian victory that of Afonso de Albuquerque over the Moslems and the edifice is built in a grandiose Portuguese classical style The high bell towers and detailed portal and windows are typical of Portuguese churches and they seek to show Christian more importantly Portuguese dominance of the area a major theme of Portuguese colonial religious architecture of the 16th century nbsp Fort of the Reis Magos b 1598 Brazil nbsp Cathedral of Goa b 1510 India nbsp Castelo Real of Mogadorb 1506 Morocco nbsp Church of Sao Francisco b 1517 India nbsp Salvador Municipal Palace b 1549 Brazil nbsp N S de Baluarte Chapel b 1522 Mozambique nbsp Santa Casa da Misericordia b 1569 Macau17th century edit nbsp The Portuguese Empire at the end of the 17th century For the Portuguese Empire the 17th century was a time of reclamation and gradual increase After the Dutch Portuguese War the Portuguese reclaimed the territories that the Dutch had occupied during the Iberian Union In India Portuguese territories were no longer the only powerful Europeans in the region and the colonies there saw minimal expansion Sao Tome de Meliapor 1687 as well as the transfer of Bombaim to the British 1661 as part of Catherine of Braganza s dowry In Africa the Portuguese expanded along the coast with Sao Joao Baptista de Ajuda 1680 and Bissau 1687 and inland with Ziguinchor 1645 The centre and focus of Portuguese imperial ambition during the 17th century was Portuguese America With the abandonment of Barbados 1620 and the restructuration of the Governorate General of Brazil 1621 Portuguese colonial possessions in the Americas were reestablished into two colonial states the State of Brazil and the State of Maranhao With the foundation of Colony of Santissimo Sacramento in 1680 the Portuguese gained substantial territorial gains in South America Expansion coupled with the riches from the Brazilian Gold Rush fostered a new level of Portuguese colonial architecture in Portuguese America that based itself more on lavishness and wealth than the sober and conservative stylistic bases of the 16th century Initially the 17th century was a rough period for the Portuguese Empire having ended the Iberian Union through the Portuguese Restoration War and then entered into the Dutch Portuguese War Because of the continuous military action throughout the empire a large part of 17th century Portuguese colonial architecture was that of building Baroque scientifically designed fortifications A good example of 17th century Portuguese colonial military architecture is the Fort and Defensive Walls of the Colony of Santissimo Sacramento Typical of the era Santissimo Sacramento s fortifications surrounded the city completely and only had access three ways two draw gates to the territory and the port of the city as most Portuguese colonial cities were structured The 17th century also saw a period of heightened urban planning in Portuguese colonial locations sculpting the colonial cities and forts around the ideals and rationales of the Enlightenment Although the 17th century was a tumultuous time for the Portuguese Empire filled with conflict conquest and confusion a heightened religious zeal arose to support and justify the actions taken by Portuguese imperial forces Religious Portuguese colonial architecture of the time was typified by grandeur and demonstration of religious importance and imperial wealth The majority of churches and other religious buildings during this epoch were built in a transition phase between Mannerism and the Baroque A good example of a Portuguese colonial church from the era is the Church of the Divine Providence of Sao Caetano 1639 India The church which was a mannerist baroque crossover was ordered to be built by Pedro da Silva Viceroy of India to demonstrate Portuguese wealth and the integration of the territory as an important Portuguese colony Many Portuguese colonial churches of the 17th century were constructed to present power and wealth of the Portuguese Empire over an area apart from religious uses and the more important the colony the better designed and grander the church or monastery nbsp Fort of S Cruz da Barra b 1612 Brazil nbsp Church of Sao Caetano b 1639 India nbsp Governor s Palace b 1610 Mozambique nbsp Cathedral of Salvador b 1676 Brazil nbsp Fort of Sao Jeronimo b 1614 India nbsp Church of N S do Pilar b 1696 Brazil nbsp Fort of St Sacramento b 1680 Uruguay nbsp Sao Bento Monasteryb 1633 Brazil18th century edit nbsp The Portuguese Empire at the end of the 18th century The 18th century was an epoch a great expansion in the Portuguese Empire In Portuguese America the State of Brazil and the State of Maranhao expanded westward leading to the restructuration of Maranhao into the mega colony State of Grao Para and Maranhao in 1751 In 1772 Portuguese America once again expanded and restructured splitting the State of Grao Para and Maranhao into the State of Grao Para and Rio Negro and the State of Maranhao and Piaui Meanwhile the Colony of Santissimo Sacramento was disputed between the Portuguese and the Spanish for the major part of the century creating uneasy conditions in that colony In Portuguese India territorial conquest and diplomacy created the Colony of Dadra e Nagar Aveli 1779 In Portuguese Africa imperial holdings expanded up the eastern continental coast with the reconquest of Mombaca 1728 which had been lost in 1698 The 1755 Lisbon earthquake devastated the Kingdom of Portugal and its capital of Lisbon and thus most imperial funds went to metropolitan Portugal to rebuild the wrecked capital and its realms The loss of some funds hindered Portuguese colonial architecture in the 18th century initially but the great gold mines of Portuguese America and the lucrative slave trade of Portuguese Africa allowed a period of relative wealth and fostered the arts During the 18th Portuguese colonial military architecture grew at a steady rate with scientific breakthroughs and engineering advancements but it is overshadowed by the new height for Portuguese Colonial civic architecture which expanded due to the time of peace and great wealth for the Portuguese Empire During the epoch Northern Portuguese Baroque a style that originated from the Porto and Beira regions of northern Portugal became the preferred style for Portuguese colonial civic architecture It was in the 18th century that the Portuguese colonies in South America gained their importance within the empire through newly found gold and diamonds and many great palaces public buildings and monuments were created including the Passeio Publico 1779 the oldest public park in the Americas A good example for a Portuguese colonial civic building from the era is the Palace of the Viceroys of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro Built in 1738 for the Viceroy of State of Brazil the palace typifies the style of Portuguese colonial baroque in civic use with its white washed exterior walls and simple grey stone baroque windows and portals Similar in Portuguese colonial civic architecture the religious counterpart largely used the Northern Portuguese Baroque style as the basis for most architectural projects Colonial churches of the era saw a period of never before seen lavishness and excess Richly ornate Baroque exteriors of grey and brown stone on white washed walls were equaled in high design with their gold gilded interiors with intricately painted ceilings and azulejos A typification of Portuguese colonial religious architecture of the era is the Church of Sao Francisco de Assis in Ouro Preto Designed by the famous Portuguese colonial architect Antonio Francisco Lisboa the church proclaims to its visitors the wealth of the Portuguese Empire and God s blessing over it by giving it access to the vast riches of colonial Brazil The ornate double storied portal is typical of the epoch while the rounded plan of the church is unique to Portuguese Colonial architecture in Brazil The baroque rounded tops that flatten out at the end are common amongst all Portuguese colonial architecture both religious and civic and both in Brazil and in the rest of the Portuguese Empire nbsp Church of S Francisco b 1766 Brazil nbsp Leal Senado Buildingb 1784 Macau nbsp N S of Candelaria Church b 1775 Brazil nbsp Ouro Preto City Hall b 1780 Brazil nbsp Church of S Domingos b 1707 Macau nbsp Palace of the Governors b 1714 Brazil nbsp Church of Santa Ana b 1707 Goa nbsp Palace of the Viceroys b 1743 Brazil19th century edit nbsp Sao Cristovao Royal Palace b 1816 Brazil nbsp Goa Medical College b 1842 India nbsp Macau Government Headquarters b 1849 Macau nbsp Dom Pedro V Theatre b 1860 Macau nbsp Moorish Barracks b 1874 Macau nbsp Mindelo Market 1878 Cabo Verde nbsp Palacio de Ferro b 1885 Angola20th century edit nbsp Natural History Museum b 1913 Mozambique nbsp Bolama City Hallb 1919 Guinea Bissau nbsp Venilale School b 1933 East Timor nbsp Cathedral of Maputo b 1944 Mozambique nbsp Maputo City Hall b 1947 Mozambique nbsp High School in Maputo b 1952 Mozambique nbsp National Bank of Angola b 1956 Angola nbsp Abreu Santos e Rocha Building b 1956 Mozambique nbsp Maputo Central Hospital b 1958 Mozambique nbsp Praia High School b 1960 Cape Verde nbsp Polana Church b 1962 Mozambique nbsp Beira Railway Station b 1966 MozambiqueSee also editPortuguese architecture Sino Portuguese architecture Seven Wonders of Portuguese Origin in the WorldSources editHue Jorge de Souza 1999 Uma visao da arquitectura colonial no Brasil A vision of Colonial Architecture in Brazil in Portuguese Rio de Janeiro a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Boxer Charles Ralph 1962 The Golden Age of Brazil 1695 1750 Growing Pains of a Colonial Society University of California Press ISBN 9780520015500 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Portuguese colonial architecture ARQHYS Architect s Site la arquitectura colonial Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Portuguese colonial architecture amp oldid 1183583106, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.