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Pirsig's Metaphysics of Quality

January 01, 1970

The Metaphysics of Quality (MOQ) is a theory of reality introduced in Robert M. Pirsig's philosophical novel, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (1974) and expanded in Lila: An Inquiry into Morals (1991). The MOQ incorporates facets of Sophistry, East Asian philosophy, pragmatism, the work of F. S. C. Northrop, and Indigenous American philosophy. Pirsig argues that the MOQ is a better lens through which to view reality than the subjective/objective mindset that Pirsig attributes to Aristotle. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance references the Sanskrit doctrine of Tat Tvam Asi ("Thou art that"), which asserts an existential monism as opposed to the subject–object dualism.[1]

Development edit

The Metaphysics of Quality originated with Pirsig's college studies as a biochemistry student at the University of Minnesota. He describes in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance that as he studied, he found the number of rational hypotheses for any given phenomenon appeared to be unlimited. It seemed to him this would seriously undermine the validity of the scientific method. His studies began to suffer as he pondered the question and eventually he was expelled from the university.

After spending some time in Korea as a soldier, Pirsig concluded that Oriental philosophy was a better place to search for ultimate answers. On his return home from Korea, Pirsig read F. S. C. Northrop's book The Meeting of East and West which related Western culture to the culture of East Asia in a systematic way. In 1950, Pirsig continued his philosophical studies at Banaras Hindu University, where he came across the Sanskrit doctrine of Tat Tvam Asi —in his words, "Thou art that, which asserts that everything you think you are (Subjective), and everything you think you perceive (Objective), are undivided. To fully realize this lack of division is to become enlightened." The nature of mystical experience plays an underlying role throughout his work.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Pirsig taught rhetoric at Montana State College – Bozeman and, with the encouragement of an older colleague, Sarah Vinke, decided to explore what exactly was meant by the term quality. He assigned his students the task of defining the word. This, coupled with a Native American Church peyote ceremony he attended with an anthropologist friend, James Verne Dusenberry, led Pirsig into what he called "a mushroom cloud of thought."[citation needed] Pirsig began developing his ideas about quality in his first book, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, and expanded and codified his ideas into the MOQ in Lila.

Quality edit

"Dynamic Quality cannot be defined. It can only be understood intellectually through the use of analogy."

Dan Glover, Lila's Child: An Inquiry Into Quality

"Quality," or "value," as described by Pirsig, cannot be defined because it empirically precedes any intellectual construction of it, namely due to the fact that quality (as Pirsig explicitly defines it) exists always as a perceptual experience before it is ever thought of descriptively or academically. Quality is the "knife-edge" of experience, found only in the present, known or at least potentially accessible to all of "us" (cf. Plato's Phaedrus, 258d). Equating it with the Tao, Pirsig postulates that Quality is the fundamental force in the universe stimulating everything from atoms to animals to evolve and incorporate ever greater levels of Quality. According to the MOQ, everything (including ideas, and matter) is a product and a result of Quality.

Static quality patterns and dynamic quality edit

The MOQ maintains that Quality itself is undefinable (Tao), but to better understand it, Pirsig breaks quality down into two ("knife-edge") forms: static quality patterns (patterned) and dynamic quality (unpatterned). The four patterns of static quality as well as dynamic quality account exhaustively for all of ("knife-edged") reality. As the initial (cutting edge) dynamic quality becomes habituated, it turns into static patterns (viz. data, expectations). Pirsig is not proposing a duality: quality is one, "every last bit of it", yet manifests itself differently. Rather than dualism, this manifestation of quality in terms of dynamic and static aspects represents a dialectical monism.

Dynamic quality edit

According to Pirsig, East Asian philosophers and American Indian mystics, dynamic quality/the Tao/God/the One cannot be defined. It can only be understood intellectually through the use of analogy. Pirsig calls dynamic quality "the pre-intellectual cutting edge of reality" because it is recognized before it can be conceptualized. This is why the dynamic beauty of a piece of music can be recognized before a static analysis explaining why the music is beautiful can be constructed.

Static quality patterns edit

Dynamic quality can be poetically described as the force of change in the universe; however, when an aspect of Quality becomes repeated, it becomes static. Pirsig defines 'static quality' patterns as everything which can be defined. Everything found in a dictionary, for instance, is a static quality pattern. Pirsig then divides static quality into inorganic, biological, social, and intellectual patterns, in ascending order of morality (based on evolutionary order). These static forms, if they have enough 'high' or 'low' quality, are given names and are interchanged with other "sentient beings", building the base of knowledge for a culture.

Pirsig describes evolution as the moral progression of these patterns of value. For example, a biological pattern overcoming an inorganic pattern (e.g. bird flight which overcomes gravity) is a moral thing because a biological pattern is a higher form of evolution. Likewise, an intellectual pattern of value overcoming a social one (e.g. civil rights) is a moral development because intellect is a higher form of evolution than society. Therefore, decisions about one's conduct during any given day can be made using the Metaphysics of Quality. Pirsig is not proposing criticism or responsibility, but acceptance, and pure absorption:

"When he wrote it he felt momentary fright and was about to strike out the words "All of it. Every last bit of it." Madness there. I think he saw it. But he couldn’t see any logical reason to strike these words out and it was too late now for faintheartedness. He ignored his warning and let the words stand."-ZMM, Ch.20

"Good is a noun. That was it. That was what Phaedrus had been looking for. That was the homer, over the fence, that ended the ball game. Good as a noun rather than as an adjective is all the Metaphysics of Quality is about. Of course, the ultimate Quality isn't a noun or an adjective or anything else definable, but if you had to reduce the whole Metaphysics of Quality to a single sentence, that would be it."-Lila, The End

"The language we've inherited confuses this. We say "my" body and "your" body and "his" body and "her" body, but it isn't that way. … This Cartesian "Me," this autonomous little homunculus who sits behind our eyeballs looking out through them in order to pass judgment on the affairs of the world, is just completely ridiculous. This self-appointed little editor of reality is just an impossible fiction that collapses the moment one examines it."-ZMM, Ch.15

"Another immoral way of killing the static patterns is to pass the patterns to someone else, in what Phaedrus called a 'karma dump.' ... If you take all this karmic garbage and make yourself feel better by passing it on to others that's normal. That's the way the world works. But if you manage to absorb it and not pass it on, that's the highest moral conduct of all."-Lila, Ch.32

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Pirsig, Robert M. Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance: An inquiry into values. Random House, 1999.

Sources edit

  • Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values (1974) ISBN 0-06-095832-4
  • Lila: An Inquiry into Morals (1991) ISBN 0-553-29961-1
  • Guidebook to Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance by R. DiSanto and T. J. Steele (1990) ISBN 0-688-06069-2
  • "Lila's Child: An Inquiry into Quality (2002) OCLC 59259846
  • Granger, David A.: John Dewey, Robert Pirsig, and the Art of Living: Revisioning Aesthetic Education. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
  • "The Truth About Art: Reclaiming Quality" by Patrick Doorly (2013) ISBN 978-1780998411

External links edit

  • moq.org – Essays, interviews and reviews pertaining to Pirsig's Metaphysics of Quality

January 01, 1970
pirsig, metaphysics, quality, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jsto. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pirsig s Metaphysics of Quality news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2013 Learn how and when to remove this message The Metaphysics of Quality MOQ is a theory of reality introduced in Robert M Pirsig s philosophical novel Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance 1974 and expanded in Lila An Inquiry into Morals 1991 The MOQ incorporates facets of Sophistry East Asian philosophy pragmatism the work of F S C Northrop and Indigenous American philosophy Pirsig argues that the MOQ is a better lens through which to view reality than the subjective objective mindset that Pirsig attributes to Aristotle Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance references the Sanskrit doctrine of Tat Tvam Asi Thou art that which asserts an existential monism as opposed to the subject object dualism 1 Contents 1 Development 2 Quality 2 1 Static quality patterns and dynamic quality 2 1 1 Dynamic quality 2 1 2 Static quality patterns 3 See also 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksDevelopment editThe Metaphysics of Quality originated with Pirsig s college studies as a biochemistry student at the University of Minnesota He describes in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance that as he studied he found the number of rational hypotheses for any given phenomenon appeared to be unlimited It seemed to him this would seriously undermine the validity of the scientific method His studies began to suffer as he pondered the question and eventually he was expelled from the university After spending some time in Korea as a soldier Pirsig concluded that Oriental philosophy was a better place to search for ultimate answers On his return home from Korea Pirsig read F S C Northrop s book The Meeting of East and West which related Western culture to the culture of East Asia in a systematic way In 1950 Pirsig continued his philosophical studies at Banaras Hindu University where he came across the Sanskrit doctrine of Tat Tvam Asi in his words Thou art that which asserts that everything you think you are Subjective and everything you think you perceive Objective are undivided To fully realize this lack of division is to become enlightened The nature of mystical experience plays an underlying role throughout his work In the late 1950s and early 1960s Pirsig taught rhetoric at Montana State College Bozeman and with the encouragement of an older colleague Sarah Vinke decided to explore what exactly was meant by the term quality He assigned his students the task of defining the word This coupled with a Native American Church peyote ceremony he attended with an anthropologist friend James Verne Dusenberry led Pirsig into what he called a mushroom cloud of thought citation needed Pirsig began developing his ideas about quality in his first book Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance and expanded and codified his ideas into the MOQ in Lila Quality edit Dynamic Quality cannot be defined It can only be understood intellectually through the use of analogy Dan Glover Lila s Child An Inquiry Into Quality Quality or value as described by Pirsig cannot be defined because it empirically precedes any intellectual construction of it namely due to the fact that quality as Pirsig explicitly defines it exists always as a perceptual experience before it is ever thought of descriptively or academically Quality is the knife edge of experience found only in the present known or at least potentially accessible to all of us cf Plato s Phaedrus 258d Equating it with the Tao Pirsig postulates that Quality is the fundamental force in the universe stimulating everything from atoms to animals to evolve and incorporate ever greater levels of Quality According to the MOQ everything including ideas and matter is a product and a result of Quality Static quality patterns and dynamic quality edit The MOQ maintains that Quality itself is undefinable Tao but to better understand it Pirsig breaks quality down into two knife edge forms static quality patterns patterned and dynamic quality unpatterned The four patterns of static quality as well as dynamic quality account exhaustively for all of knife edged reality As the initial cutting edge dynamic quality becomes habituated it turns into static patterns viz data expectations Pirsig is not proposing a duality quality is one every last bit of it yet manifests itself differently Rather than dualism this manifestation of quality in terms of dynamic and static aspects represents a dialectical monism Dynamic quality edit According to Pirsig East Asian philosophers and American Indian mystics dynamic quality the Tao God the One cannot be defined It can only be understood intellectually through the use of analogy Pirsig calls dynamic quality the pre intellectual cutting edge of reality because it is recognized before it can be conceptualized This is why the dynamic beauty of a piece of music can be recognized before a static analysis explaining why the music is beautiful can be constructed Static quality patterns edit Dynamic quality can be poetically described as the force of change in the universe however when an aspect of Quality becomes repeated it becomes static Pirsig defines static quality patterns as everything which can be defined Everything found in a dictionary for instance is a static quality pattern Pirsig then divides static quality into inorganic biological social and intellectual patterns in ascending order of morality based on evolutionary order These static forms if they have enough high or low quality are given names and are interchanged with other sentient beings building the base of knowledge for a culture Inorganic patterns non living things Biological patterns living things Social patterns behaviors habits rituals institutions Intellectual patterns ideasPirsig describes evolution as the moral progression of these patterns of value For example a biological pattern overcoming an inorganic pattern e g bird flight which overcomes gravity is a moral thing because a biological pattern is a higher form of evolution Likewise an intellectual pattern of value overcoming a social one e g civil rights is a moral development because intellect is a higher form of evolution than society Therefore decisions about one s conduct during any given day can be made using the Metaphysics of Quality Pirsig is not proposing criticism or responsibility but acceptance and pure absorption When he wrote it he felt momentary fright and was about to strike out the words All of it Every last bit of it Madness there I think he saw it But he couldn t see any logical reason to strike these words out and it was too late now for faintheartedness He ignored his warning and let the words stand ZMM Ch 20 Good is a noun That was it That was what Phaedrus had been looking for That was the homer over the fence that ended the ball game Good as a noun rather than as an adjective is all the Metaphysics of Quality is about Of course the ultimate Quality isn t a noun or an adjective or anything else definable but if you had to reduce the whole Metaphysics of Quality to a single sentence that would be it Lila The End The language we ve inherited confuses this We say my body and your body and his body and her body but it isn t that way This Cartesian Me this autonomous little homunculus who sits behind our eyeballs looking out through them in order to pass judgment on the affairs of the world is just completely ridiculous This self appointed little editor of reality is just an impossible fiction that collapses the moment one examines it ZMM Ch 15 Another immoral way of killing the static patterns is to pass the patterns to someone else in what Phaedrus called a karma dump If you take all this karmic garbage and make yourself feel better by passing it on to others that s normal That s the way the world works But if you manage to absorb it and not pass it on that s the highest moral conduct of all Lila Ch 32See also editCharles Sanders Peirce Platonism Plato Pragmatism Taoism Tao William James Energy quality Flow psychology C S Lewis esp The Abolition of Man John Dewey Alfred North Whitehead and process philosophy William Kingdon Clifford s mindstuff and tribal selfReferences edit Pirsig Robert M Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance An inquiry into values Random House 1999 Sources editZen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance An Inquiry into Values 1974 ISBN 0 06 095832 4 Lila An Inquiry into Morals 1991 ISBN 0 553 29961 1 Guidebook to Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance by R DiSanto and T J Steele 1990 ISBN 0 688 06069 2 Lila s Child An Inquiry into Quality 2002 OCLC 59259846 Granger David A John Dewey Robert Pirsig and the Art of Living Revisioning Aesthetic Education New York Palgrave Macmillan 2006 The Truth About Art Reclaiming Quality by Patrick Doorly 2013 ISBN 978 1780998411External links editmoq org Essays interviews and reviews pertaining to Pirsig s Metaphysics of Quality Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pirsig 27s Metaphysics of Quality amp oldid 1203857273, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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