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Parasite (2019 film)

May 04, 2023

Parasite (Korean: 기생충; Hanja: 寄生蟲; RR: Gisaengchung) is a 2019 South Korean black comedy thriller film directed by Bong Joon-ho, who co-wrote the screenplay with Han Jin-won and co-produced. The film, starring Song Kang-ho, Lee Sun-kyun, Cho Yeo-jeong, Choi Woo-shik, Park So-dam, Jang Hye-jin, Park Myung-hoon and Lee Jung-eun, follows a poor family who scheme to become employed by a wealthy family, infiltrating their household by posing as unrelated, highly qualified individuals.

Parasite
Theatrical release poster
Hangul
기생충
Revised RomanizationGisaengchung
McCune–ReischauerKisaengch'ung
Directed byBong Joon-ho
Screenplay by
Story byBong Joon-ho[1]
Produced by
  • Kwak Sin-ae
  • Moon Yang-kwon
  • Bong Joon-ho
  • Jang Young-hwan
Starring
CinematographyHong Kyung-pyo[2]
Edited byYang Jin-mo
Music byJung Jae-il[1]
Production
company
Barunson E&A[1]
Distributed byCJ Entertainment
Release dates
  • 21 May 2019 (2019-05-21) (Cannes)
  • 30 May 2019 (2019-05-30) (South Korea)
Running time
132 minutes[3][4]
CountrySouth Korea[1][3]
LanguageKorean
Budget₩17.0 billion[5]
(~$15.5 million)[6]
Box office$263.1 million[7]

The script is based on Bong's source material from a play written in 2013. He later adapted it into a 15-page film draft, and it was split into three different drafts by Jin-won. Bong stated that he was inspired by the 1960 Korean film The Housemaid, and by the Christine and Léa Papin incident in the 1930s. Filming began in May 2018 and finished that September. The project included cinematographer Hong Kyung-pyo, film editor Yang Jin-mo, and composer Jung Jae-il. Darcy Paquet, an American film critic and author, provided English translations for the film's international release.

Parasite premiered at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 2019, where it became the first Korean film to win its top prize, the Palme d'Or. It was released in South Korea by CJ Entertainment on 30 May. Praise was mainly given towards Joon-ho's direction and screenplay and was also praised for its editing and production design. It grossed over $263 million worldwide on a $15.5 million budget.

Among its numerous accolades, Parasite won the leading four awards at the 92nd Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best International Feature Film, becoming the first non English-language film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.[note 1] It is the first South Korean film to receive any Academy Award recognition, and one of only three films overall to win both the Palme d'Or and the Academy Award for Best Picture, the first such achievement in over 60 years.[note 2] It won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language, and became the first non English-language film to win the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. A television series based on it is in early development.

Plot

The Kim family live in a semi-basement flat (banjiha) in Seoul, have low-income jobs, and struggle for money. Min-hyuk, a university student, gives the family a scholar's rock meant to promise wealth. Leaving to study abroad, he suggests that the Kims' son, Ki-woo, pose as a university student to take over his job as an English language tutor for Da-hye, the daughter of the rich Park family. After his sister Ki-jung helps create a false certificate for him in Photoshop, Ki-woo, posing as a Yonsei University student, is subsequently hired by the Park family.

The Kim family schemes to get each member a job with the Park family. The Kim daughter, Ki-jung, poses as "Jessica" and, using Ki-woo as a reference, becomes an art therapist to the Parks' young son, Da-song. Ki-jung frames Yoon, Mr Park's driver, by making it appear he had a sexual encounter in the car, then recommends her father, Ki-taek, to replace him. The Kims exploit the peach allergy of the Parks' long-time housekeeper, Moon-gwang, to convince Mrs Park that she has tuberculosis, and the Kim mother, Chung-sook, is hired to replace her. Ki-woo begins a secret romantic relationship with Da-hye.

When the Parks leave on a camping trip, the Kims revel in the luxuries of the house. Moon-gwang appears at the door, telling Chung-sook she left something in the basement. She goes through a hidden entrance to an underground bunker created by the architect and previous homeowner. There, Moon-gwang's husband, Geun-sae, has been secretly living for over four years, hiding from loan sharks. Chung-sook refuses Moon-gwang's pleas to help Geun-sae remain in the bunker, but the eavesdropping Kims accidentally reveal themselves. Moon-gwang videotapes them on her phone and threatens to expose their ruse to the Park family.

The Parks call to say that they'll return early due to a severe rainstorm. The Kims scramble to clean up the house and subdue Moon-gwang and Geun-sae, trapping them in the bunker. Ki-jung, Ki-taek and Ki-woo hide under a table, and overhear Mr Park's comments about Ki-taek's odour. The Kims escape and find their flat flooded with sewer water, and take shelter in a gymnasium with other displaced people.

The next day, Mrs Park hosts a house party for Da-song's birthday with the Kim family's assistance. Ki-woo enters the bunker to find Geun-sae. Finding Moon-gwang has died from a concussion she received during the brawl, he is attacked by a deranged Geun-sae who escapes, leaving Ki-woo lying in a pool of blood. Seeking to avenge Moon-gwang, Geun-sae stabs Ki-jung with a kitchen knife in front of the horrified guests. Da-song suffers another traumatic seizure upon seeing Geun-sae, whom Da-song once saw as a "ghost" emerging from the basement on the night of a previous birthday. A struggle breaks out until Chung-sook fatally impales Geun-sae with a barbecue skewer. While Ki-taek tends to Ki-jung, Mr Park orders Ki-taek to drive Da-song to the hospital. In the chaos, Ki-taek, upon seeing Mr Park's disgusted reaction to Geun-sae's odour, angrily kills him with the knife. Ki-taek flees, leaving the rest of the Kim family behind.

Weeks later, Ki-woo is recovering from a brain operation. He and Chung-sook are convicted of fraud and put on probation. Ki-jung has died from her injuries, and Ki-taek, wanted by the authorities, cannot be found. Geun-sae is assumed to be an insane homeless man, and neither his nor Ki-taek's motive for the murders are known. Ki-woo spies on the Parks’ home, now occupied by a Swiss family (although Ki-taek thinks they are Germans) unaware of the house's history, and sees a message in Morse code from a flickering light. Ki-taek, who escaped into the bunker, has buried Moon-gwang in the garden and sends the message every day, hoping Ki-woo will see it. Still living in their basement flat with his mother, Ki-woo writes a letter to Ki-taek, vowing to earn enough money to buy the house and reunite with his father.

Cast

  • Song Kang-ho as Kim Ki-taek (Mr Kim; 김기택; Gim Gitaek), the Kim family father who is hired as Park Dong-ik's chauffeur
  • Lee Sun-kyun as Park Dong-ik (Nathan; 박동익; Bak Dongik), the Park family father
  • Cho Yeo-jeong as Choi Yeon-gyo (Madame; 최연교; Choe Yeongyo), the Park mother
  • Choi Woo-shik as Kim Ki-woo (Kevin; 김기우; Gim Giu), the Kims' son who is hired as Da-hye's English tutor (Choi stated that the character is "intelligent but does not have the vigour needed to succeed in examinations")[10]
  • Park So-dam as Kim Ki-jung (Jessica; 김기정; Gim Gijeong), the Kims' daughter who is hired as Da-song's art therapist
  • Jang Hye-jin as Chung-sook (박충숙; Bak Chungsuk), the Kim family mother who is hired as the Parks' housekeeper
  • Lee Jung-eun as Gook Moon-gwang (국문광; Guk Mungwang), the Parks' housekeeper, who also worked for the house's architect and previous owner of the house (Bong Joon-ho said her relationship with the architect and parts of her story "that happen in between the sequences in the film" will be explored in the spin-off TV series)[11]
  • Park Myung-hoon as Oh Geun-sae (오근세; O Geunse), Moon-gwang's husband
  • Jung Ji-so as Park Da-hye (박다혜; Bak Dahye), the Parks' daughter
  • Jung Hyeon-jun as Park Da-song (박다송; Bak Dasong), the Parks' son
  • Park Keun-rok as Yoon (윤; Yun), Park Dong-ik's chauffeur
  • Park Seo-joon as Min-hyuk (민혁; Minhyeok), Ki-woo's friend[12]
  • Jung Yi-seo as a pizza parlour owner

Production

Development

The idea for Parasite originated in 2013. While working on Snowpiercer, Bong was encouraged by a theatre actor friend to write a play. He had been a tutor for the son of a wealthy family in Seoul in his early 20s and considered turning his experience into a stage production.[13] The film's title, Parasite, was selected by Bong as it served a double meaning, which he had to convince the film's marketing group to use. Bong said "Because the story is about the poor family infiltrating and creeping into the rich house, it seems very obvious that Parasite refers to the poor family, and I think that's why the marketing team was a little hesitant. But if you look at it the other way, you can say that rich family, they're also parasites in terms of labor. They can't even wash dishes, they can't drive themselves, so they leech off the poor family's labor. So both are parasites."[14]

Writing

After completing Snowpiercer, Bong wrote a 15-page film treatment for the first half of Parasite, which his production assistant on Snowpiercer, Han Jin-won, turned into three different drafts of the screenplay.[13] After finishing Okja, Bong returned to the project and finished the script. Han Jin-won received credit as a co-writer.[13]

Bong said the film was influenced by the 1960 Korean "domestic Gothic" film The Housemaid in which a middle-class family's stability is threatened by the arrival of a disruptive interloper in the form of household help.[15] The incident of Christine and Léa Papin—two live-in maids who murdered their employers in 1930s France—also inspired him.[16] Bong also considered his own past, where he had tutored for a rich family. Bong said "I got this feeling that I was infiltrating the private lives of complete strangers. Every week I would go into their house, and I thought how fun it would be if I could get all my friends to infiltrate the house one by one."[17] Additionally, Moon-gwang's allergy to peaches was inspired by one of Bong's university friends having this allergy.[18]

Darcy Paquet, an American residing in South Korea, translated the English subtitles, writing directly with Bong.[19] Paquet rendered Jjapaguri or Chapaguri, a dish cooked by a character in the film, as ram-don, meaning ramen-udon. It is a mix of Chapagetti and Neoguri produced by Nongshim.[20] The English version of the film shows packages labelled in English "ramyeon" and "udon" to highlight to English speakers how the name was created. Paquet believed the word ram-don did not previously exist as he found no results on Google.[21] On one occasion, Paquet used Oxford University as a reference instead of Seoul National University, and in another, used WhatsApp as the messaging application instead of KakaoTalk.[19] Paquet chose Oxford over Harvard because of Bong's affinity for the United Kingdom, and because Paquet believed using Harvard would be "too obvious a choice".[21] Paquet wrote, "In order for humor to work, people need to understand it immediately. With an unfamiliar word, the humor is lost."[21]

Filming

 
Parasite filming location at Jahamun Tunnel in Seoul.

Principal photography for Parasite began on 18 May 2018,[22][23] and ended on 19 September 2018.[24] Filming took place around Seoul and in Jeonju.[25] The director of photography was Hong Kyung-pyo, a well-known South Korean cinematographer who had worked with other well-known directors.[26]

The Parks' house

 
The house was constructed on a set and everything above the first floor was added in post-production.

The Parks' house was a specially constructed set. The ground floor and the garden were constructed on an empty outdoor lot, while the basement and first floor were constructed on set.[27] "We built the main floor of the house in a backlot and for the second floor it was all green screen outside", explained editor Yang Jin-mo. "When we shot toward the outside from inside, everything beyond the garden was all VFX."[28]

Bong, as part of the scripting, also designed the home's basic layout. "It's like its own universe inside this film. Each character and each team has spaces that they take over, that they can infiltrate, and also secret spaces that they don't know."[29] A fictional architect, Namgoong Hyeonja, was created as the home's designer and previous owner before the Parks, and production designer Lee Ha-jun considered the house's form and function based on how Namgoong would design it.[27] It was designed and constructed to be not only beautiful, but "a stage that served the precise needs of his camera, compositions, and characters, while embodying his film's rich themes".[30]

Lee said, "Since Mr Park's house is built by an architect in the story, it wasn't easy finding the right approach to designing the house...I'm not an architect, and I think there's a difference in how an architect envisions a space and how a production designer does. We prioritize blocking and camera angles while architects build spaces for people to actually live in and thus design around people. So I think the approach is very different."[29] For example, Ha-jun established that Namgoong would have used the first floor's living room to appreciate the garden, so it was built with a single wide window and only spartan seating options for this function.[27] Some of the interior artwork in the house sets were by South Korea artist Seung-mo Park, including existing artwork of hers and some explicitly created for the film.[27] The team designed the home and interiors to make the set amenable for filming at the 2.35:1 aspect ratio, favouring wide and deeper rooms rather than height.[29]

Lee said the sun was an important factor when building the outdoor set. "The sun's direction was a crucial point of consideration while we were searching for outdoor lots", explained Lee. "We had to remember the sun's position during our desired time frame and determine the positions and sizes of the windows accordingly. In terms of practical lighting, the DP [Hong Kyung-pyo] had specific requests regarding the colour. He wanted sophisticated indirect lighting and the warmth from tungsten light sources. Before building the set, the DP and I visited the lot several times to check the sun's movement each time, and we decided on the set's location together".[29]

The Kims' flat

The Kims' semi-basement flat and its street were also built on set, partially out of necessity for filming the flooding scenes.[29] Lee Ha-jun visited and photographed several abandoned villages and towns in South Korea scheduled to be torn down to help inform the set design. He also created stories for the Kims' neighbours and added details of those residents along the street to improve the authenticity of the street's appearance.[27]

Editing

According to editor Yang Jin-mo, Bong Joon-ho chose to shoot the film without traditional coverage. To give them more editing options with limited shots, they sometimes stitched together different takes of the same shot.[31] Yang edited the film using Final Cut Pro 7, a program not updated since 2011.[32]

The film was produced for release in colour. A black and white version was produced prior to the world premiere in Cannes and debuted on 26 January 2020 at the International Film Festival Rotterdam, and was re-screened from 29 to 31 January. It also received a limited release in some countries.[33][34]

Music

Main article: Parasite (soundtrack)

The score, by South Korean composer Jung Jae-il, consisted of "minimalist piano pieces, punctuated with light percussion", setting the film's "tense atmosphere".[35] It also had a baroque texture with excerpts from Handel's opera Rodelinda and the 1964 Italian song "In ginocchio da te" by Gianni Morandi.[35][36] It was recorded mostly through computer sounds.[37]

The soundtrack was published and released in Korea, in digital and physical formats, by Genie Music and Stone Music Entertainment on 30 May 2019.[38] Internationally, it was released on 11 October 2019 by Milan Records.[39] It was released in English titles,[40] however, the names and nouns are different from the English subtitles as translated by Darcy Paquet.[41] On 14 February 2020, it was released in double-vinyl by Sacred Bones Records (a division of American film production company Neon) and Waxwork Records, in multicolour variants.[42]

An original song, "Soju han jan" (Korean: 소주 한 잔, lit. 'A glass of soju'), written by Joon-ho and performed by Choi Woo-shik, who also played the main character Ki-woo, is heard during the film's end credits.[43] For marketing the soundtrack's international digital releases, the song was displayed in English as "Soju One Glass" [sic]; it was later changed to a grammatically correct title to be shortlisted for the Best Original Song category at the 92nd Academy Awards.[43][44]

Themes and interpretations

See also: Economic inequality in South Korea

The main themes of Parasite are class conflict, social inequality and wealth disparity.[45][46][47] Film critics and Bong Joon-ho himself have considered the film as a reflection of late-stage capitalism,[48][49] and some have associated it with the term "Hell Joseon" (Korean: 헬조선), a satirical phrase which posits that living in hell would be akin to living in modern South Korea. This term came about due to high rates of youth unemployment, the intense demands of pursuing higher education, the crisis of home affordability, and the increasing socio-economic gap between the wealthy and poor.[50][51][52] In Coronavirus Capitalism Goes to the Cinema, Nulman writes that the etymology of the word 'parasite' originally refers to "person who eats at the table of another", which is presented in one of the scenes of the film.[47] Nulman also notes the connection between parasites and the Karl Marx quote:

The capitalist… is only capital personified. His soul is the soul of capital. But capital has one sole driving force, the drive to valorize itself, to create surplus-value, to make its constant part, the means of production, absorb the greatest possible amount of surplus labor. Capital is dead labor which, vampire-like, lives only by sucking living labor, and lives the more, the more labor it sucks.[47]

The film also analyses the use of connections and qualifications to get ahead, for rich and poor families alike.[53] Some argue that the film's discussion of class relates to Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus.[47]

Bong has referred to Parasite as an upstairs/downstairs or "stairway movie",[16] in which staircases are used as a motif to represent the positions of the families in the homes of the Kims and the Parks, as well as the basement bunker.[54] The semi-basement apartment that the Kims live in is common for poorer Seoul residents due to its lower rent, despite having issues such as mould and increased risk of disease.[45] Monsoon floods such as the one depicted in the film commonly damage these types of residences the most.[53] The film presents class in spatial terms that speak to hierarchy, according to Nulman.[47][55]

According to Bong, the ending implies that Ki-woo will not be able to earn the funds needed to buy the house, as the final shot shows Ki-woo still in the basement flat and recalls the first scene; he described this shot as a "surefire kill" (확인사살), referring to a coup de grace to ensure death.[16] The ending song refers to Ki-woo working to make money to get the house. Choi Woo-shik estimated that it would take approximately 564 years for Ki-woo to earn enough money to purchase the house. Nevertheless, he was optimistic: "I'm pretty sure Ki-woo is one of those bright kids. He'll come up with some idea, and he would just go into the German family's house, and I think he will rescue his father".[10] However, according to many interpretations, this dream subscribes to a bootstrapping mentality and is unlikely to be achieved;[16][48][10] furthermore, "it does not address the fundamental problem at hand. Even in this fantasy scenario, Ki-taek would still be contained in the house by a legal system that would seek his prosecution and imprisonment. The forces that created and upheld the Kim family's separation would not be undone, merely adapted to".[56]

Critics have also considered the themes of colonialism and imperialism. According to Ju-Hyun Park, the film plays out within "the capitalist economic order inaugurated and upheld in Korea by colonial occupation", and the use of English language in the film denotes prestige within that economic system.[56] The Park family's son, Da-song, is obsessed with "Indians" and owns Native American-themed toys and inauthentic replicas.[57][58][47] Eugene Nulman makes the link between the 'native' Park family and the invaders - the Kims who bring with them deadly parasites for which the natives have no immunity. Nulman points to the miasma theory of scent carrying disease where it was thought that the natives could catch disease just by smelling the noxious air carried by colonising Spaniards. This connects to the film's theme around the class distinction of smell.[47] Bong has noted that: "I wouldn’t go so far as to say it’s a commentary on what happened in the United States, but it’s related in the sense that this family starts infiltrating the house and they already find a family living there. So you could say it’s a joke in that context. But at the same time, the Native Americans have a very complicated and long, deep history. But in this family, that story is reduced to a young boy's hobby and decoration. The boy’s mother mentions the tent as a U.S. imported good, and I think it’s like the Che Guevara T-shirts that people wear. They don’t know the life of the revolutionary figure, they just think it’s a cool T-shirt. That's what happens in our current time: The context and meaning behind these actual things only exists as a surface-level thing".[59]

Some critics note the importance of working class solidarity as presented in the film. The problems the Kims find themselves in were a result of a lack of class solidarity with the other poor family, Geun-sae and Moon-gwang. At the climax of the film, Mr Kim becomes aware of his class identity when Mr Park is disgusted with Geun-sae's smell.[47] Others said Parasite revealed the misfortunes of poor, powerless victims of an indifferent world who are transformed into liberation through the comical effect of mass slaughter.[60]

Release

Theatrical

 
Director and stars at an April 2019 press event.

Neon acquired the US and Canadian rights to the film at the 2018 American Film Market.[61][62] The film's rights were also pre-sold to German-speaking territories (Koch Films), French-speaking territories (The Jokers) and Japan (Bitters End).[63] The film had its world premiere at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May.[64] It was released in South Korea on 30 May 2019.[4][24]

It was released in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Films on 27 June 2019[65] (becoming both the highest-ever-grossing Korean film in the region[66] and the distributor's highest-ever-grossing non-English-language film in Australia),[67]. It was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival in Toronto, Canada in September 2019[68] and released generally in the United States and Canada on 11 October 2019.[69] The film was originally scheduled to be screened as a closing film at FIRST International Film Festival Xining in China on 28 July 2019, but on 27 July, the film festival organisers announced that the screening was cancelled for "technical reasons".[70]

It was licensed for the United Kingdom and Ireland by Curzon Artificial Eye at Cannes, and had preview screenings in cinemas nationwide with an interview with Bong Joon-ho shared live by satellite on 3 February 2020, followed by the film's general release on 7 February.[71]

Neon expanded the number of North American theatres showing the film from 1,060 to 2,001 starting the weekend of 14 February 2020, following the film's recognition at the Academy Awards,[72] despite the film having already been released on home video in the region.[73] A special IMAX remaster was shown at limited North American theatres during the week of 21 February 2020.[74]

Home media

By December 2019, the film had earned a net revenue of $90 million from home entertainment, television and foreign sales.[6]

On 28 January 2020, Parasite was released on Blu-ray and DVD by Neon, with distribution by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment, and on 2 June it was released on Ultra HD Blu-ray.[75] On 13 February 2020, it was announced that the film will be released on home media by The Criterion Collection.[76][77] On 15 July 2020, The Criterion Collection announced the release date of 27 October 2020, featuring the long-awaited black and white version.[78]

On 24 February 2020, the subscription-based streaming service Hulu announced that it had secured exclusive rights to stream the film in the United States, starting on 8 April 2020.[79] Additionally, Amazon Prime Video began streaming the film outside of the United States on 28 March 2020.[80]

In the United Kingdom, it was 2020's best-selling foreign language film on physical home video formats.[81]

Black and white edition

A special monochrome version of the film, Parasite: Black-and-White Edition, had its world premiere at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in January 2020 and was released in cinemas in some cities in the United States in the same month.[82]

It was released on 24 July 2020 in the United Kingdom and Ireland by Curzon Artificial Eye in cinemas and on-demand simultaneously,[83] and was released on 27 October 2020, in the United States and Canada by The Criterion Collection on DVD and Blu-ray Disc, as part of their special edition rerelease.[84] The black and white transfer of the film was overseen by director Bong Joon-ho and cinematographer Hong Kyung-pyo.[82]

Reception

Box office

Parasite grossed $71.4 million in South Korea, $53.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $133.9 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $258.7 million.[7][85] It set a new record for Bong, becoming the first of his films to gross over $100 million worldwide.[86] Deadline Hollywood calculated the film's net profit as $46.2 million.[6]

In its native South Korea, Parasite grossed US$20.7 million on its opening weekend.[85] It would close its box office run with US$72.2 million and more than 10 million admissions, roughly one-fifth of the country's population and ranking first among the year's top five films.[87][88]

In the film's United States opening weekend, it grossed $376,264 from three theatres. Its per-venue average of $125,421 was the best since La La Land's in 2016, and the best ever for an international film.[89] It expanded to 33 theatres in its second weekend, making $1.24 million,[90] and then made $1.8 million from 129 theatres in its third.[91] The film made $2.5 million in its fourth weekend and $2.6 million in its fifth.[92] The film's initial theatre count peaked in its sixth weekend at 620, when it made $1.9 million.[93] It continued to hold well over the following weekends, making $1.3 million and $1 million.[94][95]

In its tenth week of release the film crossed the $20 million mark (rare for an international film), making $632,500 from 306 theatres.[96] During the weekend of the Oscars, the film made $1.5 million from 1,060 theatres for a running total of $35.5 million.[97] After Neon's doubling of theatre showings in the week following the Academy Awards, the film made $5.5 million in revenue from the US & Canada, making it one of the biggest Best Picture bumps since Slumdog Millionaire in 2009 and the biggest in ten years.[98]

On 5 February, Parasite became the first Korean film in nearly 15 years that surpassed one million moviegoers in Japan.[99] In the UK, it broke the record for the opening weekend of a non-English-language film, making £1.4 million ($1.8 million) including previews over its debut weekend, from 135 screens,[100] and in Australia it took in over $1.9 million.[101] In the weekend following its Oscars wins, the film made $12.8 million from 43 countries, bringing its international total to $161 million, and its global running gross over the $200 million mark.[102]

Following its Academy Awards success, Parasite received significant rescreening, generating significant further revenue. The Associated Press reported the biggest "Oscar effect" since 2001 after Gladiator won the Oscar for Best Picture. Parasite's box office revenue increased by more than 230% compared to the prior week, grossing $2.15 million in a single day. It also ranked No. 1 in Japan, the first Korean film to do so in 15 years.[103] The Motion Picture Distributors Association of Australia announced that $749K worth of cinema tickets were sold in a single weekend, with the film re-entering the top 10 at the local box office more than six months after it debuted in Australian cinemas. Parasite also surged back to fourth place in South Korea's box office by attracting more than 80,000 viewers.[104][105]

Critical response

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Parasite has an approval rating of 99% based on 474 reviews, with an average rating of 9.4/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "An urgent, brilliantly layered look at timely social themes, Parasite finds writer-director Bong Joon Ho in near-total command of his craft."[106] On Metacritic, 52 compiled reviews from critics were identified as positive, giving the film a weighted average score of 96 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".[107] On the same site, Parasite was rated as the best film of 2019[108][109] and was ranked 7th among the films with the highest scores of the decade.[110] As of 20 November 2021, it is the 48th highest-rated film of all time on the website.[111]

Writing for The New York Times, A. O. Scott described the film as "wildly entertaining, the kind of smart, generous, aesthetically energized movie that obliterates the tired distinctions between art films and popcorn movies".[112] Bilge Ebiri of Vulture magazine wrote that Parasite is "a work that is itself in a state of constant, agitated transformation—a nerve-racking masterpiece whose spell lingers long after its haunting final image".[113] In his five-star review, Dave Calhoun of Time Out praised the social commentary in the film, calling the overall work "surprising and fully gripping from beginning to end, full of big bangs and small wonders".[114] Variety's Jessica Kiang described the film as "a wild, wild ride", writing that "Bong is back and on brilliant form, but he is unmistakably, roaringly furious, and it registers because the target is so deserving, so enormous, so 2019: Parasite is a tick fat with the bitter blood of class rage".[115] Joshua Rivera from GQ gave a glowing review and declared Parasite to possibly be one of the best films from 2019.[116]

Michael Wood writing for the London Review of Books found its following a theme of class consciousness to be consistent with the director's previous Snowpiercer stating, "The theme of social ascent, or social difference as a landscape, could hardly be more obvious, but we are beginning to get the movie's idea: not to avoid stereotypes but to keep crashing into them".[117] UK film website TheShiznit awarded an A, noting "it makes you wonder what the inflection point for such behaviour is in a culture where manners and servitude are drilled into those who can't afford not to have them".[118] The A.V. Club's A. A. Dowd awarded the film an A− grade, praising the fun and surprising twists.[119]

Parasite ranked first in a survey by IndieWire of over 300 critics, in the Best Film, Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Foreign Film categories.[120] It also appeared on over 240 critics' year-end top-ten lists, including 77 who ranked it first.[108]

Accolades

Main article: List of accolades received by Parasite
 
Bong Joon-ho was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director in 2020.

Parasite won the Palme d'Or at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival. It became the first South Korean film to do so, as well as the first film to win with a unanimous vote since Blue Is the Warmest Colour at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.[121][122] At the 77th Golden Globe Awards, the film was nominated for three awards, including Best Director and Best Screenplay, and won Best Foreign Language Film, becoming the first ever South Korean film to achieve that feat.[123][124]

It became the second international film to ever be nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture since Life Is Beautiful (1997), and ultimately won the category, making it the first international film to win the prize.[125][126] Parasite was also nominated for four awards at the 73rd British Academy Film Awards—Best Film, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Film Not in the English Language, being the first South Korean film to receive nominations other than for Best Film Not in the English Language, and went on to win Best Original Screenplay and Best Film Not in the English Language.[127][128]

Parasite was submitted as the South Korean entry for Best International Feature Film for the 92nd Academy Awards, making the December shortlist.[129][130][131] It went on to win four awards—Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best International Feature Film. Parasite became the first non-English language film in Academy Awards history to win Best Picture. Parasite also became the first South Korean film to be nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Awards and the second East Asian film to receive a nomination for Best Picture since Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000),[132] and Bong Joon-ho became the fourth Asian person to receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Director, becoming the second to win following Ang Lee. It also received nominations for Best Film Editing and Best Production Design.[133][134][135] The film is also the second film to win both the Academy Award for Best Picture and the Palme d'Or at Cannes under the latter's name in sixty-five years since Marty,[136] being the third film to win both grand prizes after the former and The Lost Weekend.[137]

At the 56th Grand Bell Awards, Parasite earned a leading 11 nominations with 5 awards (the most for the show) to its name. It won for Best Film, Best Director (for Bong Joon-ho), Best Supporting Actress (for Lee Jung-eun), Best Screenplay (for Bong Joon Ho and Han Jin-Won), and Best Music (for Jung Jae-il).[138]

"When I was young and studying cinema, there was a saying that I carved deep into my heart, which is that, ‘The most personal is the most creative."

– Bong Joon-ho in an acceptance speech for winning Best Director at the 92nd Academy Awards, as he attributed to Martin Scorsese.[139]

During Bong Joon-ho's acceptance speech at the Oscars, he paused to thank Martin Scorsese, a co-nominated director, whom Bong recognised as having historical importance to the history of filmmaking which resulted in spontaneous applause from the audience in recognition of Scorsese during his speech. The following day Scorsese sent the director a personal congratulatory letter which Bong reported while on a speaking engagement at the Film at Lincoln Center where Bong stated that he could not share the full letter from Scorsese due to its personal nature. He did, however, share the conclusion of the letter by stating that Scorsese told him that "You've done well. Now rest. But don't rest for too long." Bong then added that Scorsese ended his letter by stating "how he and other directors were waiting for my (Bong's) next movie".[140]

The Associated Press commented that although the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) had previously failed to adequately recognise women filmmakers in the Academy Award nominations, this time it acknowledged diversity. The Wall Street Journal also stated that the film seemed to promise a "more inclusive Oscars" demanded by those who have previously criticised AMPAS.[141] The AP noted that the film's victory, because of its being an Oscar-winning foreign film in a regular Academy category, opens the door for Hollywood to undergo a radical change and a different kind of advancement, as a sceptic worried that if "Parasite won the Oscar for best international film, it probably wouldn't win any other major awards".[142] "The academy gave best picture to the actual best picture", wrote Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times, who continued that the film awards body was "startled ... into recognizing that no country's cinema has a monopoly on greatness".[143] In 2021, the Writers Guild of America ranked Parasite's screenplay the fourth greatest of the 21st century so far.[144]

On 28 March 2022, Cannes Film Festival president Thierry Frémaux revealed that after Everything Everywhere All at Once, a 2022 science fiction comedy-drama also featuring a predominantly Asian cast, won the Best Picture Oscar at the 95th Academy Awards, he began to question whether the Best Picture win for Parasite was worthy enough, saying "How can a non-American film win the Oscar for best film since it’s a ceremony in honor of American cinema? Parasite won, it’s great, but it’s a Korean film."[145]

Legacy

Spin-off television series

A six-hour HBO limited series based on the film, with Bong and Adam McKay as executive producers, was announced to be in early development in January 2020.[146] Bong has stated that this will also be entitled Parasite, and will explore stories "that happen in between the sequences in the film".[147][11] In February 2020, Mark Ruffalo was rumoured to star whilst Tilda Swinton was confirmed as being cast in a lead role.[148][149][150] However, in October 2022, Tilda Swinton announced she was no longer involved with the series.[151]

Plans for tourist set

A South Korean local government (Goyang City) plans to restore the Goyang Aqua Special Shooting Studio set, where the film Parasite was produced, and use it as a Parasite movie experience tourism facility. In addition, Goyang City has announced that it will invest $150 million in the development of the Goyang Film Culture Complex by 2026 to accommodate film experience tourism facilities, additional indoor studios, outdoor set production facilities, inter-Korean video content centres, image research and development companies.[152][153][154] However, criticisms have been made about the commercialisation of areas known for poverty in South Korea as tourist destinations without concrete steps being taken to address the issues at hand.[155][156]

City tourism and food

The Seoul Tourism Organization (STO) has been criticised by South Korea's opposition party and residents of Seoul for introducing a tour route featuring filming locations and stories from the film. The Justice Party claims that it became famous due to the universal recognition of global inequality.[157] However, it sees the development of a tourist attraction based on the film in Seoul as amounting to the further exploitation of poverty.[158] Residents living in Parasite's filming locations have reportedly complained of a sense of embarrassment and discomfort due to an increase in tourists visiting their neighbourhoods and taking photos of their surroundings, making them feel like "monkeys in a zoo".[159] In response, the local government of Seoul has announced that government funding will prioritise the estimated 1,500 low-income families living in the semi-basement type accommodations featured in the film.[160]

People began posting videos on how to make jjapaguri (called "ram-don" in the film's English subtitles) on YouTube after the film was distributed.[20] Nongshim, the manufacturer of Chapagetti and Neoguri, also began distributing a singular "Chapaguri" product due to the combination's popularity from the film.[161]

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Although Parasite was the first film with a non-English script to win Best Picture at the Oscars, it is not to be confused with the first foreign film (produced by a company of a country that does not have English as its primary language) to win Best Picture, which was achieved by The Artist in 2012. The French-produced film was largely silent with French intertitles and contained a few spoken lines in English.[8] The Academy dictates foreign language as the main qualification for international film, hence The Artist did not qualify.[9] Further, while prior winners The Last Emperor and Slumdog Millionaire include significant amounts of non-English dialogue, they were considered domestic productions.[8]
  2. ^ The previous two films to win both awards were The Lost Weekend (1945) and Marty (1955).

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External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Parasite (2019 film).
  • Australia and New Zealand official site Archived 19 July 2020 at archive.today
  • United States and Canada official site Archived 19 July 2020 at archive.today
  • United Kingdom and Ireland official site Archived 19 July 2020 at archive.today
  • Script 9 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  • Parasite at AllMovie  
  • Parasite at HanCinema  
  • Parasite at IMDb  
  • Parasite at the Korean Movie Database   (in English)
  • Parasite at Naver (in Korean)
  • Parasite: Notes from the Underground an essay by Inkoo Kang at the Criterion Collection

May 04, 2023
parasite, 2019, film, parasite, korean, 기생충, hanja, 寄生蟲, gisaengchung, 2019, south, korean, black, comedy, thriller, film, directed, bong, joon, wrote, screenplay, with, produced, film, starring, song, kang, kyun, jeong, choi, shik, park, jang, park, myung, ho. Parasite Korean 기생충 Hanja 寄生蟲 RR Gisaengchung is a 2019 South Korean black comedy thriller film directed by Bong Joon ho who co wrote the screenplay with Han Jin won and co produced The film starring Song Kang ho Lee Sun kyun Cho Yeo jeong Choi Woo shik Park So dam Jang Hye jin Park Myung hoon and Lee Jung eun follows a poor family who scheme to become employed by a wealthy family infiltrating their household by posing as unrelated highly qualified individuals ParasiteTheatrical release posterHangul기생충Revised RomanizationGisaengchungMcCune ReischauerKisaengch ungDirected byBong Joon hoScreenplay byBong Joon ho Han Jin wonStory byBong Joon ho 1 Produced byKwak Sin ae Moon Yang kwon Bong Joon ho Jang Young hwanStarringSong Kang ho Lee Sun kyun Cho Yeo jeong Choi Woo shik Park So dam Jang Hye jinCinematographyHong Kyung pyo 2 Edited byYang Jin moMusic byJung Jae il 1 ProductioncompanyBarunson E amp A 1 Distributed byCJ EntertainmentRelease dates21 May 2019 2019 05 21 Cannes 30 May 2019 2019 05 30 South Korea Running time132 minutes 3 4 CountrySouth Korea 1 3 LanguageKoreanBudget 17 0 billion 5 15 5 million 6 Box office 263 1 million 7 The script is based on Bong s source material from a play written in 2013 He later adapted it into a 15 page film draft and it was split into three different drafts by Jin won Bong stated that he was inspired by the 1960 Korean film The Housemaid and by the Christine and Lea Papin incident in the 1930s Filming began in May 2018 and finished that September The project included cinematographer Hong Kyung pyo film editor Yang Jin mo and composer Jung Jae il Darcy Paquet an American film critic and author provided English translations for the film s international release Parasite premiered at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 2019 where it became the first Korean film to win its top prize the Palme d Or It was released in South Korea by CJ Entertainment on 30 May Praise was mainly given towards Joon ho s direction and screenplay and was also praised for its editing and production design It grossed over 263 million worldwide on a 15 5 million budget Among its numerous accolades Parasite won the leading four awards at the 92nd Academy Awards Best Picture Best Director Best Original Screenplay and Best International Feature Film becoming the first non English language film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture note 1 It is the first South Korean film to receive any Academy Award recognition and one of only three films overall to win both the Palme d Or and the Academy Award for Best Picture the first such achievement in over 60 years note 2 It won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language and became the first non English language film to win the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture A television series based on it is in early development Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3 1 Development 3 2 Writing 3 3 Filming 3 3 1 The Parks house 3 3 2 The Kims flat 3 4 Editing 3 5 Music 4 Themes and interpretations 5 Release 5 1 Theatrical 5 2 Home media 5 3 Black and white edition 6 Reception 6 1 Box office 6 2 Critical response 7 Accolades 8 Legacy 8 1 Spin off television series 8 2 Plans for tourist set 8 3 City tourism and food 9 See also 10 Explanatory notes 11 References 12 External linksPlot EditThe Kim family live in a semi basement flat banjiha in Seoul have low income jobs and struggle for money Min hyuk a university student gives the family a scholar s rock meant to promise wealth Leaving to study abroad he suggests that the Kims son Ki woo pose as a university student to take over his job as an English language tutor for Da hye the daughter of the rich Park family After his sister Ki jung helps create a false certificate for him in Photoshop Ki woo posing as a Yonsei University student is subsequently hired by the Park family The Kim family schemes to get each member a job with the Park family The Kim daughter Ki jung poses as Jessica and using Ki woo as a reference becomes an art therapist to the Parks young son Da song Ki jung frames Yoon Mr Park s driver by making it appear he had a sexual encounter in the car then recommends her father Ki taek to replace him The Kims exploit the peach allergy of the Parks long time housekeeper Moon gwang to convince Mrs Park that she has tuberculosis and the Kim mother Chung sook is hired to replace her Ki woo begins a secret romantic relationship with Da hye When the Parks leave on a camping trip the Kims revel in the luxuries of the house Moon gwang appears at the door telling Chung sook she left something in the basement She goes through a hidden entrance to an underground bunker created by the architect and previous homeowner There Moon gwang s husband Geun sae has been secretly living for over four years hiding from loan sharks Chung sook refuses Moon gwang s pleas to help Geun sae remain in the bunker but the eavesdropping Kims accidentally reveal themselves Moon gwang videotapes them on her phone and threatens to expose their ruse to the Park family The Parks call to say that they ll return early due to a severe rainstorm The Kims scramble to clean up the house and subdue Moon gwang and Geun sae trapping them in the bunker Ki jung Ki taek and Ki woo hide under a table and overhear Mr Park s comments about Ki taek s odour The Kims escape and find their flat flooded with sewer water and take shelter in a gymnasium with other displaced people The next day Mrs Park hosts a house party for Da song s birthday with the Kim family s assistance Ki woo enters the bunker to find Geun sae Finding Moon gwang has died from a concussion she received during the brawl he is attacked by a deranged Geun sae who escapes leaving Ki woo lying in a pool of blood Seeking to avenge Moon gwang Geun sae stabs Ki jung with a kitchen knife in front of the horrified guests Da song suffers another traumatic seizure upon seeing Geun sae whom Da song once saw as a ghost emerging from the basement on the night of a previous birthday A struggle breaks out until Chung sook fatally impales Geun sae with a barbecue skewer While Ki taek tends to Ki jung Mr Park orders Ki taek to drive Da song to the hospital In the chaos Ki taek upon seeing Mr Park s disgusted reaction to Geun sae s odour angrily kills him with the knife Ki taek flees leaving the rest of the Kim family behind Weeks later Ki woo is recovering from a brain operation He and Chung sook are convicted of fraud and put on probation Ki jung has died from her injuries and Ki taek wanted by the authorities cannot be found Geun sae is assumed to be an insane homeless man and neither his nor Ki taek s motive for the murders are known Ki woo spies on the Parks home now occupied by a Swiss family although Ki taek thinks they are Germans unaware of the house s history and sees a message in Morse code from a flickering light Ki taek who escaped into the bunker has buried Moon gwang in the garden and sends the message every day hoping Ki woo will see it Still living in their basement flat with his mother Ki woo writes a letter to Ki taek vowing to earn enough money to buy the house and reunite with his father Cast EditSong Kang ho as Kim Ki taek Mr Kim 김기택 Gim Gitaek the Kim family father who is hired as Park Dong ik s chauffeur Lee Sun kyun as Park Dong ik Nathan 박동익 Bak Dongik the Park family father Cho Yeo jeong as Choi Yeon gyo Madame 최연교 Choe Yeongyo the Park mother Choi Woo shik as Kim Ki woo Kevin 김기우 Gim Giu the Kims son who is hired as Da hye s English tutor Choi stated that the character is intelligent but does not have the vigour needed to succeed in examinations 10 Park So dam as Kim Ki jung Jessica 김기정 Gim Gijeong the Kims daughter who is hired as Da song s art therapist Jang Hye jin as Chung sook 박충숙 Bak Chungsuk the Kim family mother who is hired as the Parks housekeeper Lee Jung eun as Gook Moon gwang 국문광 Guk Mungwang the Parks housekeeper who also worked for the house s architect and previous owner of the house Bong Joon ho said her relationship with the architect and parts of her story that happen in between the sequences in the film will be explored in the spin off TV series 11 Park Myung hoon as Oh Geun sae 오근세 O Geunse Moon gwang s husband Jung Ji so as Park Da hye 박다혜 Bak Dahye the Parks daughter Jung Hyeon jun as Park Da song 박다송 Bak Dasong the Parks son Park Keun rok as Yoon 윤 Yun Park Dong ik s chauffeur Park Seo joon as Min hyuk 민혁 Minhyeok Ki woo s friend 12 Jung Yi seo as a pizza parlour ownerProduction EditDevelopment Edit The idea for Parasite originated in 2013 While working on Snowpiercer Bong was encouraged by a theatre actor friend to write a play He had been a tutor for the son of a wealthy family in Seoul in his early 20s and considered turning his experience into a stage production 13 The film s title Parasite was selected by Bong as it served a double meaning which he had to convince the film s marketing group to use Bong said Because the story is about the poor family infiltrating and creeping into the rich house it seems very obvious that Parasite refers to the poor family and I think that s why the marketing team was a little hesitant But if you look at it the other way you can say that rich family they re also parasites in terms of labor They can t even wash dishes they can t drive themselves so they leech off the poor family s labor So both are parasites 14 Writing Edit After completing Snowpiercer Bong wrote a 15 page film treatment for the first half of Parasite which his production assistant on Snowpiercer Han Jin won turned into three different drafts of the screenplay 13 After finishing Okja Bong returned to the project and finished the script Han Jin won received credit as a co writer 13 Bong said the film was influenced by the 1960 Korean domestic Gothic film The Housemaid in which a middle class family s stability is threatened by the arrival of a disruptive interloper in the form of household help 15 The incident of Christine and Lea Papin two live in maids who murdered their employers in 1930s France also inspired him 16 Bong also considered his own past where he had tutored for a rich family Bong said I got this feeling that I was infiltrating the private lives of complete strangers Every week I would go into their house and I thought how fun it would be if I could get all my friends to infiltrate the house one by one 17 Additionally Moon gwang s allergy to peaches was inspired by one of Bong s university friends having this allergy 18 Darcy Paquet an American residing in South Korea translated the English subtitles writing directly with Bong 19 Paquet rendered Jjapaguri or Chapaguri a dish cooked by a character in the film as ram don meaning ramen udon It is a mix of Chapagetti and Neoguri produced by Nongshim 20 The English version of the film shows packages labelled in English ramyeon and udon to highlight to English speakers how the name was created Paquet believed the word ram don did not previously exist as he found no results on Google 21 On one occasion Paquet used Oxford University as a reference instead of Seoul National University and in another used WhatsApp as the messaging application instead of KakaoTalk 19 Paquet chose Oxford over Harvard because of Bong s affinity for the United Kingdom and because Paquet believed using Harvard would be too obvious a choice 21 Paquet wrote In order for humor to work people need to understand it immediately With an unfamiliar word the humor is lost 21 Filming Edit Parasite filming location at Jahamun Tunnel in Seoul Principal photography for Parasite began on 18 May 2018 22 23 and ended on 19 September 2018 24 Filming took place around Seoul and in Jeonju 25 The director of photography was Hong Kyung pyo a well known South Korean cinematographer who had worked with other well known directors 26 The Parks house Edit The house was constructed on a set and everything above the first floor was added in post production The Parks house was a specially constructed set The ground floor and the garden were constructed on an empty outdoor lot while the basement and first floor were constructed on set 27 We built the main floor of the house in a backlot and for the second floor it was all green screen outside explained editor Yang Jin mo When we shot toward the outside from inside everything beyond the garden was all VFX 28 Bong as part of the scripting also designed the home s basic layout It s like its own universe inside this film Each character and each team has spaces that they take over that they can infiltrate and also secret spaces that they don t know 29 A fictional architect Namgoong Hyeonja was created as the home s designer and previous owner before the Parks and production designer Lee Ha jun considered the house s form and function based on how Namgoong would design it 27 It was designed and constructed to be not only beautiful but a stage that served the precise needs of his camera compositions and characters while embodying his film s rich themes 30 Lee said Since Mr Park s house is built by an architect in the story it wasn t easy finding the right approach to designing the house I m not an architect and I think there s a difference in how an architect envisions a space and how a production designer does We prioritize blocking and camera angles while architects build spaces for people to actually live in and thus design around people So I think the approach is very different 29 For example Ha jun established that Namgoong would have used the first floor s living room to appreciate the garden so it was built with a single wide window and only spartan seating options for this function 27 Some of the interior artwork in the house sets were by South Korea artist Seung mo Park including existing artwork of hers and some explicitly created for the film 27 The team designed the home and interiors to make the set amenable for filming at the 2 35 1 aspect ratio favouring wide and deeper rooms rather than height 29 Lee said the sun was an important factor when building the outdoor set The sun s direction was a crucial point of consideration while we were searching for outdoor lots explained Lee We had to remember the sun s position during our desired time frame and determine the positions and sizes of the windows accordingly In terms of practical lighting the DP Hong Kyung pyo had specific requests regarding the colour He wanted sophisticated indirect lighting and the warmth from tungsten light sources Before building the set the DP and I visited the lot several times to check the sun s movement each time and we decided on the set s location together 29 The Kims flat Edit The Kims semi basement flat and its street were also built on set partially out of necessity for filming the flooding scenes 29 Lee Ha jun visited and photographed several abandoned villages and towns in South Korea scheduled to be torn down to help inform the set design He also created stories for the Kims neighbours and added details of those residents along the street to improve the authenticity of the street s appearance 27 Editing Edit According to editor Yang Jin mo Bong Joon ho chose to shoot the film without traditional coverage To give them more editing options with limited shots they sometimes stitched together different takes of the same shot 31 Yang edited the film using Final Cut Pro 7 a program not updated since 2011 32 The film was produced for release in colour A black and white version was produced prior to the world premiere in Cannes and debuted on 26 January 2020 at the International Film Festival Rotterdam and was re screened from 29 to 31 January It also received a limited release in some countries 33 34 Music Edit Main article Parasite soundtrack The score by South Korean composer Jung Jae il consisted of minimalist piano pieces punctuated with light percussion setting the film s tense atmosphere 35 It also had a baroque texture with excerpts from Handel s opera Rodelinda and the 1964 Italian song In ginocchio da te by Gianni Morandi 35 36 It was recorded mostly through computer sounds 37 The soundtrack was published and released in Korea in digital and physical formats by Genie Music and Stone Music Entertainment on 30 May 2019 38 Internationally it was released on 11 October 2019 by Milan Records 39 It was released in English titles 40 however the names and nouns are different from the English subtitles as translated by Darcy Paquet 41 On 14 February 2020 it was released in double vinyl by Sacred Bones Records a division of American film production company Neon and Waxwork Records in multicolour variants 42 An original song Soju han jan Korean 소주 한 잔 lit A glass of soju written by Joon ho and performed by Choi Woo shik who also played the main character Ki woo is heard during the film s end credits 43 For marketing the soundtrack s international digital releases the song was displayed in English as Soju One Glass sic it was later changed to a grammatically correct title to be shortlisted for the Best Original Song category at the 92nd Academy Awards 43 44 Themes and interpretations EditSee also Economic inequality in South KoreaThe main themes of Parasite are class conflict social inequality and wealth disparity 45 46 47 Film critics and Bong Joon ho himself have considered the film as a reflection of late stage capitalism 48 49 and some have associated it with the term Hell Joseon Korean 헬조선 a satirical phrase which posits that living in hell would be akin to living in modern South Korea This term came about due to high rates of youth unemployment the intense demands of pursuing higher education the crisis of home affordability and the increasing socio economic gap between the wealthy and poor 50 51 52 In Coronavirus Capitalism Goes to the Cinema Nulman writes that the etymology of the word parasite originally refers to person who eats at the table of another which is presented in one of the scenes of the film 47 Nulman also notes the connection between parasites and the Karl Marx quote The capitalist is only capital personified His soul is the soul of capital But capital has one sole driving force the drive to valorize itself to create surplus value to make its constant part the means of production absorb the greatest possible amount of surplus labor Capital is dead labor which vampire like lives only by sucking living labor and lives the more the more labor it sucks 47 The film also analyses the use of connections and qualifications to get ahead for rich and poor families alike 53 Some argue that the film s discussion of class relates to Pierre Bourdieu s concept of habitus 47 Bong has referred to Parasite as an upstairs downstairs or stairway movie 16 in which staircases are used as a motif to represent the positions of the families in the homes of the Kims and the Parks as well as the basement bunker 54 The semi basement apartment that the Kims live in is common for poorer Seoul residents due to its lower rent despite having issues such as mould and increased risk of disease 45 Monsoon floods such as the one depicted in the film commonly damage these types of residences the most 53 The film presents class in spatial terms that speak to hierarchy according to Nulman 47 55 According to Bong the ending implies that Ki woo will not be able to earn the funds needed to buy the house as the final shot shows Ki woo still in the basement flat and recalls the first scene he described this shot as a surefire kill 확인사살 referring to a coup de grace to ensure death 16 The ending song refers to Ki woo working to make money to get the house Choi Woo shik estimated that it would take approximately 564 years for Ki woo to earn enough money to purchase the house Nevertheless he was optimistic I m pretty sure Ki woo is one of those bright kids He ll come up with some idea and he would just go into the German family s house and I think he will rescue his father 10 However according to many interpretations this dream subscribes to a bootstrapping mentality and is unlikely to be achieved 16 48 10 furthermore it does not address the fundamental problem at hand Even in this fantasy scenario Ki taek would still be contained in the house by a legal system that would seek his prosecution and imprisonment The forces that created and upheld the Kim family s separation would not be undone merely adapted to 56 Critics have also considered the themes of colonialism and imperialism According to Ju Hyun Park the film plays out within the capitalist economic order inaugurated and upheld in Korea by colonial occupation and the use of English language in the film denotes prestige within that economic system 56 The Park family s son Da song is obsessed with Indians and owns Native American themed toys and inauthentic replicas 57 58 47 Eugene Nulman makes the link between the native Park family and the invaders the Kims who bring with them deadly parasites for which the natives have no immunity Nulman points to the miasma theory of scent carrying disease where it was thought that the natives could catch disease just by smelling the noxious air carried by colonising Spaniards This connects to the film s theme around the class distinction of smell 47 Bong has noted that I wouldn t go so far as to say it s a commentary on what happened in the United States but it s related in the sense that this family starts infiltrating the house and they already find a family living there So you could say it s a joke in that context But at the same time the Native Americans have a very complicated and long deep history But in this family that story is reduced to a young boy s hobby and decoration The boy s mother mentions the tent as a U S imported good and I think it s like the Che Guevara T shirts that people wear They don t know the life of the revolutionary figure they just think it s a cool T shirt That s what happens in our current time The context and meaning behind these actual things only exists as a surface level thing 59 Some critics note the importance of working class solidarity as presented in the film The problems the Kims find themselves in were a result of a lack of class solidarity with the other poor family Geun sae and Moon gwang At the climax of the film Mr Kim becomes aware of his class identity when Mr Park is disgusted with Geun sae s smell 47 Others said Parasite revealed the misfortunes of poor powerless victims of an indifferent world who are transformed into liberation through the comical effect of mass slaughter 60 Release EditTheatrical Edit Director and stars at an April 2019 press event Neon acquired the US and Canadian rights to the film at the 2018 American Film Market 61 62 The film s rights were also pre sold to German speaking territories Koch Films French speaking territories The Jokers and Japan Bitters End 63 The film had its world premiere at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 64 It was released in South Korea on 30 May 2019 4 24 It was released in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Films on 27 June 2019 65 becoming both the highest ever grossing Korean film in the region 66 and the distributor s highest ever grossing non English language film in Australia 67 It was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival in Toronto Canada in September 2019 68 and released generally in the United States and Canada on 11 October 2019 69 The film was originally scheduled to be screened as a closing film at FIRST International Film Festival Xining in China on 28 July 2019 but on 27 July the film festival organisers announced that the screening was cancelled for technical reasons 70 It was licensed for the United Kingdom and Ireland by Curzon Artificial Eye at Cannes and had preview screenings in cinemas nationwide with an interview with Bong Joon ho shared live by satellite on 3 February 2020 followed by the film s general release on 7 February 71 Neon expanded the number of North American theatres showing the film from 1 060 to 2 001 starting the weekend of 14 February 2020 following the film s recognition at the Academy Awards 72 despite the film having already been released on home video in the region 73 A special IMAX remaster was shown at limited North American theatres during the week of 21 February 2020 74 Home media Edit By December 2019 the film had earned a net revenue of 90 million from home entertainment television and foreign sales 6 On 28 January 2020 Parasite was released on Blu ray and DVD by Neon with distribution by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment and on 2 June it was released on Ultra HD Blu ray 75 On 13 February 2020 it was announced that the film will be released on home media by The Criterion Collection 76 77 On 15 July 2020 The Criterion Collection announced the release date of 27 October 2020 featuring the long awaited black and white version 78 On 24 February 2020 the subscription based streaming service Hulu announced that it had secured exclusive rights to stream the film in the United States starting on 8 April 2020 79 Additionally Amazon Prime Video began streaming the film outside of the United States on 28 March 2020 80 In the United Kingdom it was 2020 s best selling foreign language film on physical home video formats 81 Black and white edition Edit A special monochrome version of the film Parasite Black and White Edition had its world premiere at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in January 2020 and was released in cinemas in some cities in the United States in the same month 82 It was released on 24 July 2020 in the United Kingdom and Ireland by Curzon Artificial Eye in cinemas and on demand simultaneously 83 and was released on 27 October 2020 in the United States and Canada by The Criterion Collection on DVD and Blu ray Disc as part of their special edition rerelease 84 The black and white transfer of the film was overseen by director Bong Joon ho and cinematographer Hong Kyung pyo 82 Reception EditBox office Edit Parasite grossed 71 4 million in South Korea 53 4 million in the United States and Canada and 133 9 million in other countries for a worldwide total of 258 7 million 7 85 It set a new record for Bong becoming the first of his films to gross over 100 million worldwide 86 Deadline Hollywood calculated the film s net profit as 46 2 million 6 In its native South Korea Parasite grossed US 20 7 million on its opening weekend 85 It would close its box office run with US 72 2 million and more than 10 million admissions roughly one fifth of the country s population and ranking first among the year s top five films 87 88 In the film s United States opening weekend it grossed 376 264 from three theatres Its per venue average of 125 421 was the best since La La Land s in 2016 and the best ever for an international film 89 It expanded to 33 theatres in its second weekend making 1 24 million 90 and then made 1 8 million from 129 theatres in its third 91 The film made 2 5 million in its fourth weekend and 2 6 million in its fifth 92 The film s initial theatre count peaked in its sixth weekend at 620 when it made 1 9 million 93 It continued to hold well over the following weekends making 1 3 million and 1 million 94 95 In its tenth week of release the film crossed the 20 million mark rare for an international film making 632 500 from 306 theatres 96 During the weekend of the Oscars the film made 1 5 million from 1 060 theatres for a running total of 35 5 million 97 After Neon s doubling of theatre showings in the week following the Academy Awards the film made 5 5 million in revenue from the US amp Canada making it one of the biggest Best Picture bumps since Slumdog Millionaire in 2009 and the biggest in ten years 98 On 5 February Parasite became the first Korean film in nearly 15 years that surpassed one million moviegoers in Japan 99 In the UK it broke the record for the opening weekend of a non English language film making 1 4 million 1 8 million including previews over its debut weekend from 135 screens 100 and in Australia it took in over 1 9 million 101 In the weekend following its Oscars wins the film made 12 8 million from 43 countries bringing its international total to 161 million and its global running gross over the 200 million mark 102 Following its Academy Awards success Parasite received significant rescreening generating significant further revenue The Associated Press reported the biggest Oscar effect since 2001 after Gladiator won the Oscar for Best Picture Parasite s box office revenue increased by more than 230 compared to the prior week grossing 2 15 million in a single day It also ranked No 1 in Japan the first Korean film to do so in 15 years 103 The Motion Picture Distributors Association of Australia announced that 749K worth of cinema tickets were sold in a single weekend with the film re entering the top 10 at the local box office more than six months after it debuted in Australian cinemas Parasite also surged back to fourth place in South Korea s box office by attracting more than 80 000 viewers 104 105 Critical response Edit On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes Parasite has an approval rating of 99 based on 474 reviews with an average rating of 9 4 10 The website s critics consensus reads An urgent brilliantly layered look at timely social themes Parasite finds writer director Bong Joon Ho in near total command of his craft 106 On Metacritic 52 compiled reviews from critics were identified as positive giving the film a weighted average score of 96 out of 100 indicating universal acclaim 107 On the same site Parasite was rated as the best film of 2019 108 109 and was ranked 7th among the films with the highest scores of the decade 110 As of 20 November 2021 it is the 48th highest rated film of all time on the website 111 Writing for The New York Times A O Scott described the film as wildly entertaining the kind of smart generous aesthetically energized movie that obliterates the tired distinctions between art films and popcorn movies 112 Bilge Ebiri of Vulture magazine wrote that Parasite is a work that is itself in a state of constant agitated transformation a nerve racking masterpiece whose spell lingers long after its haunting final image 113 In his five star review Dave Calhoun of Time Out praised the social commentary in the film calling the overall work surprising and fully gripping from beginning to end full of big bangs and small wonders 114 Variety s Jessica Kiang described the film as a wild wild ride writing that Bong is back and on brilliant form but he is unmistakably roaringly furious and it registers because the target is so deserving so enormous so 2019 Parasite is a tick fat with the bitter blood of class rage 115 Joshua Rivera from GQ gave a glowing review and declared Parasite to possibly be one of the best films from 2019 116 Michael Wood writing for the London Review of Books found its following a theme of class consciousness to be consistent with the director s previous Snowpiercer stating The theme of social ascent or social difference as a landscape could hardly be more obvious but we are beginning to get the movie s idea not to avoid stereotypes but to keep crashing into them 117 UK film website TheShiznit awarded an A noting it makes you wonder what the inflection point for such behaviour is in a culture where manners and servitude are drilled into those who can t afford not to have them 118 The A V Club s A A Dowd awarded the film an A grade praising the fun and surprising twists 119 Parasite ranked first in a survey by IndieWire of over 300 critics in the Best Film Best Director Best Screenplay and Best Foreign Film categories 120 It also appeared on over 240 critics year end top ten lists including 77 who ranked it first 108 Accolades EditMain article List of accolades received by Parasite Bong Joon ho was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director in 2020 Parasite won the Palme d Or at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival It became the first South Korean film to do so as well as the first film to win with a unanimous vote since Blue Is the Warmest Colour at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival 121 122 At the 77th Golden Globe Awards the film was nominated for three awards including Best Director and Best Screenplay and won Best Foreign Language Film becoming the first ever South Korean film to achieve that feat 123 124 It became the second international film to ever be nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture since Life Is Beautiful 1997 and ultimately won the category making it the first international film to win the prize 125 126 Parasite was also nominated for four awards at the 73rd British Academy Film Awards Best Film Best Director Best Original Screenplay and Best Film Not in the English Language being the first South Korean film to receive nominations other than for Best Film Not in the English Language and went on to win Best Original Screenplay and Best Film Not in the English Language 127 128 Parasite was submitted as the South Korean entry for Best International Feature Film for the 92nd Academy Awards making the December shortlist 129 130 131 It went on to win four awards Best Picture Best Director Best Original Screenplay and Best International Feature Film Parasite became the first non English language film in Academy Awards history to win Best Picture Parasite also became the first South Korean film to be nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Awards and the second East Asian film to receive a nomination for Best Picture since Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon 2000 132 and Bong Joon ho became the fourth Asian person to receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Director becoming the second to win following Ang Lee It also received nominations for Best Film Editing and Best Production Design 133 134 135 The film is also the second film to win both the Academy Award for Best Picture and the Palme d Or at Cannes under the latter s name in sixty five years since Marty 136 being the third film to win both grand prizes after the former and The Lost Weekend 137 At the 56th Grand Bell Awards Parasite earned a leading 11 nominations with 5 awards the most for the show to its name It won for Best Film Best Director for Bong Joon ho Best Supporting Actress for Lee Jung eun Best Screenplay for Bong Joon Ho and Han Jin Won and Best Music for Jung Jae il 138 When I was young and studying cinema there was a saying that I carved deep into my heart which is that The most personal is the most creative Bong Joon ho in an acceptance speech for winning Best Director at the 92nd Academy Awards as he attributed to Martin Scorsese 139 During Bong Joon ho s acceptance speech at the Oscars he paused to thank Martin Scorsese a co nominated director whom Bong recognised as having historical importance to the history of filmmaking which resulted in spontaneous applause from the audience in recognition of Scorsese during his speech The following day Scorsese sent the director a personal congratulatory letter which Bong reported while on a speaking engagement at the Film at Lincoln Center where Bong stated that he could not share the full letter from Scorsese due to its personal nature He did however share the conclusion of the letter by stating that Scorsese told him that You ve done well Now rest But don t rest for too long Bong then added that Scorsese ended his letter by stating how he and other directors were waiting for my Bong s next movie 140 The Associated Press commented that although the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences AMPAS had previously failed to adequately recognise women filmmakers in the Academy Award nominations this time it acknowledged diversity The Wall Street Journal also stated that the film seemed to promise a more inclusive Oscars demanded by those who have previously criticised AMPAS 141 The AP noted that the film s victory because of its being an Oscar winning foreign film in a regular Academy category opens the door for Hollywood to undergo a radical change and a different kind of advancement as a sceptic worried that if Parasite won the Oscar for best international film it probably wouldn t win any other major awards 142 The academy gave best picture to the actual best picture wrote Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times who continued that the film awards body was startled into recognizing that no country s cinema has a monopoly on greatness 143 In 2021 the Writers Guild of America ranked Parasite s screenplay the fourth greatest of the 21st century so far 144 On 28 March 2022 Cannes Film Festival president Thierry Fremaux revealed that after Everything Everywhere All at Once a 2022 science fiction comedy drama also featuring a predominantly Asian cast won the Best Picture Oscar at the 95th Academy Awards he began to question whether the Best Picture win for Parasite was worthy enough saying How can a non American film win the Oscar for best film since it s a ceremony in honor of American cinema Parasite won it s great but it s a Korean film 145 Legacy EditSpin off television series Edit A six hour HBO limited series based on the film with Bong and Adam McKay as executive producers was announced to be in early development in January 2020 146 Bong has stated that this will also be entitled Parasite and will explore stories that happen in between the sequences in the film 147 11 In February 2020 Mark Ruffalo was rumoured to star whilst Tilda Swinton was confirmed as being cast in a lead role 148 149 150 However in October 2022 Tilda Swinton announced she was no longer involved with the series 151 Plans for tourist set Edit A South Korean local government Goyang City plans to restore the Goyang Aqua Special Shooting Studio set where the film Parasite was produced and use it as a Parasite movie experience tourism facility In addition Goyang City has announced that it will invest 150 million in the development of the Goyang Film Culture Complex by 2026 to accommodate film experience tourism facilities additional indoor studios outdoor set production facilities inter Korean video content centres image research and development companies 152 153 154 However criticisms have been made about the commercialisation of areas known for poverty in South Korea as tourist destinations without concrete steps being taken to address the issues at hand 155 156 City tourism and food Edit The Seoul Tourism Organization STO has been criticised by South Korea s opposition party and residents of Seoul for introducing a tour route featuring filming locations and stories from the film The Justice Party claims that it became famous due to the universal recognition of global inequality 157 However it sees the development of a tourist attraction based on the film in Seoul as amounting to the further exploitation of poverty 158 Residents living in Parasite s filming locations have reportedly complained of a sense of embarrassment and discomfort due to an increase in tourists visiting their neighbourhoods and taking photos of their surroundings making them feel like monkeys in a zoo 159 In response the local government of Seoul has announced that government funding will prioritise the estimated 1 500 low income families living in the semi basement type accommodations featured in the film 160 People began posting videos on how to make jjapaguri called ram don in the film s English subtitles on YouTube after the film was distributed 20 Nongshim the manufacturer of Chapagetti and Neoguri also began distributing a singular Chapaguri product due to the combination s popularity from the film 161 See also Edit South Korea portal Film portalList of South Korean submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film List of submissions to the 92nd Academy Awards for Best International Feature FilmExplanatory notes Edit Although Parasite was the first film with a non English script to win Best Picture at the Oscars it is not to be confused with the first foreign film produced by a company of a country that does not have English as its primary language to win Best Picture which was achieved by The Artist in 2012 The French produced film was largely silent with French intertitles and contained a few spoken lines in English 8 The Academy dictates foreign language as the main qualification for international film hence The Artist did not qualify 9 Further while prior winners The Last Emperor and Slumdog Millionaire include significant amounts of non English dialogue they were considered domestic productions 8 The previous two films to win both awards were The Lost Weekend 1945 and Marty 1955 References Edit a b c d Parasite international press kit PDF CJ Entertainment 2019 Archived from the original PDF on 10 January 2020 Retrieved 1 January 2020 BONG Joon ho s PARASITE Claims Early Sales Korean Film Biz Zone 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4 November 2019 Pierce Conran 3 January 2020 Korean Theaters Sell 227 Million Tickets in Record Year Korean Film Council Archived from the original on 23 July 2020 Retrieved 6 March 2020 Parasite to give much needed boost to Korean cinema Archived 26 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine The Korea Times D Alessandro Anthony 13 October 2019 Joker 55M Scores 2nd Weekend October Record Addams Family Rich 30M Gemini Man Still Not Dazzling 20M Sunday B O Update Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on 11 October 2019 Retrieved 13 October 2019 D Alessandro Anthony 20 October 2019 Maleficent Mistress Of Evil No Magic With 36M Joker Still Stealing 2nd Place From Zombieland 2 With 28M Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on 19 October 2019 Retrieved 20 October 2019 Ramos Dino Ray 27 October 2019 Synonyms And Kanye West s Jesus Is King Have Solid Premieres Frankie Debuts Soft Specialty Box Office Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on 27 October 2019 Retrieved 27 October 2019 Brueggemann Tom 10 November 2019 Amazon s Honey Boy Tops Netflix s Marriage Story In Select Theaters IndieWire Archived from the original on 10 November 2019 Retrieved 10 November 2019 Brueggemann Tom 17 November 2019 Waves Makes Box Office Splash as Amazon and Netflix Stay Quiet IndieWire Archived from the original on 17 November 2019 Retrieved 17 November 2019 Brueggemann Tom 24 November 2019 Dark Waters Leads Tepid Arthouse Openers at Crowded Box Office IndieWire Archived from the original on 25 November 2019 Retrieved 24 November 2019 Brueggemann Tom 1 December 2019 Harriet Jojo Rabbit and Parasite Reap Holiday Box Office Bounty IndieWire Archived from the original on 1 December 2019 Retrieved 1 December 2019 Ramos Dino Ray 15 December 2019 Uncut Gems Shines With Biggest A24 Per Screen Opening A Hidden Life Debuts Lionsgate Drops Limited Bombshell Release Specialty Box Office Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on 15 December 2019 Retrieved 15 December 2019 D Alessandro Anthony 9 February 2020 How Birds Of Prey Went Astray With 33M Opening Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on 8 February 2020 Retrieved 9 February 2020 D Alessandro Anthony 16 February 2020 Sonic The Hedgehog Rings Up Record Domestic Videogame Pic Debut Of 57M amp 4 Day 68M Global Launch At 100M Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on 15 February 2020 Retrieved 16 February 2020 기생충 15년 만에 日 100만 관객 돌파 욘사마 이후 처음 KBS 뉴스 in Korean Archived from the original on 7 February 2020 Retrieved 7 February 2020 Grater Tom 10 February 2020 Parasite To Expand Significantly In UK After Record Breaking Opening Weekend Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on 11 February 2020 Retrieved 12 February 2020 Grater Tom 13 February 2020 UK s Curzon Australia s Madman Benelux s Cineart Partner To Launch 1 6M Film Development Fund Deadline Archived from the original on 15 February 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 Tartaglione Nancy 16 February 2020 Sonic The Hedgehog Races To 43M Overseas For 100M Global Bow Birds Of Prey Flaps To 143M WW International Box Office Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on 17 February 2020 Retrieved 18 February 2020 Broede Carmody Karl Quinn 19 February 2020 Parasite takes second bite at local box office The Sydney Morning Herald Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Park Chang young Lee Ha yeon 18 February 2020 Oscar winning Parasite grosses 2 15 mn a day in N America ranks No 1 in Japan Pulse Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Revenue of Parasite increases by 234 in North America Dong A Ilbo 18 February 2020 Archived from the original on 24 February 2020 Retrieved 3 April 2020 Parasite Rotten Tomatoes Fandango Media Archived from the original on 11 December 2019 Retrieved 19 June 2022 Parasite Metacritic Fandom Inc Archived from the original on 18 October 2019 Retrieved 30 January 2021 a b Dietz Jason Best of 2019 Film Critic Top Ten Lists Metacritic Archived from the original on 12 January 2020 Retrieved 6 December 2019 The Best Movies of 2019 Metacritic Archived from the original on 8 January 2020 Retrieved 9 February 2020 Dietz Jason Best Movies of the Decade 2010 19 Metacritic Archived from the original on 1 January 2020 Retrieved 9 December 2019 Best Movies of All Time Metacritic Archived from the original on 9 August 2019 Retrieved 28 December 2019 Scott A O 4 October 2019 Old Masters and Fresh Surprises at the New York Film Festival The New York Times Archived from the original on 7 October 2019 Retrieved 7 October 2019 Ebiri Bilge 22 May 2019 Bong Joon ho s Parasite Is a Nerve Racking Masterpiece Vulture Archived from the original on 7 October 2019 Retrieved 7 October 2019 Calhoun Dave Parasite Time Out Archived from the original on 7 October 2019 Retrieved 7 October 2019 Kiang Jessica 21 May 2019 Film Review Parasite Variety Archived from the original on 13 July 2019 Retrieved 7 October 2019 Rivera Joshua 11 October 2019 10 Reasons Why Parasite May Be 2019 s Best Film GQ Archived from the original on 18 December 2019 Retrieved 18 December 2019 Wood Michael 27 January 2020 Michael Wood At the Movies Parasite LRB 27 January 2020 London Review of Books 42 3 Archived from the original on 26 February 2020 Retrieved 7 April 2020 Review Parasite delves into the darkest recesses of humanity Movie Review TheShiznit co uk Archived from the original on 28 February 2020 Retrieved 7 April 2020 Dowd A A 10 October 2019 Parasite May be Bong Joon Ho s Most Thrilling Ride on the Genre Hopping Snowpiercer Express The A V Club Archived from the original on 11 October 2019 Retrieved 10 October 2019 Kohn Eric 16 December 2019 2019 Critics Poll The Best Films and Performances According to Over 300 Critics From Around the World IndieWire Archived from the original on 16 December 2019 Retrieved 17 December 2019 Mumford Gwilym 25 May 2019 Cannes 2019 Bong Joon ho s Parasite wins the Palme d Or as it happened The Guardian Archived from the original on 26 May 2019 Retrieved 25 May 2019 D Alessandro Anthony 25 May 2019 Parasite Palme d Or Winner Bong Joon Ho On Pic s North Korea Jokes Cannes Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on 26 May 2019 Retrieved 26 May 2019 Golden Globes 2020 The Complete Nominations List Variety 9 December 2019 Archived from the original on 9 December 2019 Retrieved 9 December 2019 Ulaby Neda 10 December 2019 Parasite Director Bong Joon ho Wanted To Reflect The Truth Of Current Times NPR Archived from the original on 12 December 2019 Retrieved 12 December 2019 Parasite wins at SAG Awards so do Pitt and Aniston Associated Press 19 January 2020 Archived from the original on 14 February 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 Parasite opens important door for foreign language films with SAG win CNN Archived from the original on 14 February 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 Lattanzio Ryan 2 February 2020 BAFTA Awards 1917 Crowned Best Film Full Winners List IndieWire Archived from the original on 2 February 2020 Retrieved 3 February 2020 기생충 영국 아카데미 외국어영화상 오리지널 각본상 2관왕 The Parasite British Academy Foreign Language Film Awards Original Screenplay 2nd Prize Yonhap News Agency in Korean Archived from the original on 13 March 2020 Retrieved 3 February 2020 via Naver Kim Hye Ju 21 August 2019 제92회 아카데미영화상 국제장편영화 부문 한국영화 출품작 선정결과 Selected Results of Korean Films for International Feature Films at the 92nd Academy Film Awards Korean Film Council Archived from the original on 1 October 2021 Retrieved 21 August 2019 Oscars South Korea Selects Palme d Or Winner Parasite for International Feature Film Award Variety 21 August 2019 Archived from the original on 21 August 2019 Retrieved 21 August 2019 10 Films Make Shortlist for Oscars Best International Film The New York Times Archived from the original on 17 December 2019 Retrieved 17 December 2019 Herald The Korea 13 January 2020 Parasite earns six Oscar nominations including best picture The Korea Herald Archived from the original on 15 January 2020 Retrieved 17 January 2020 Everything you need to know about Parasite and its Oscar nominations Los Angeles Times 13 January 2020 Archived from the original on 15 January 2020 Retrieved 17 January 2020 Lee Seo hyun 14 January 2020 한국 영화 첫 아카데미상 보인다 기생충 6개부문 노미네이트 The Dong a Ilbo Archived from the original on 14 January 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 Violet Kim 4 February 2020 The Filmmakers Behind In the Absence on What It Can Teach Americans Slate Archived from the original on 6 February 2020 Retrieved 9 February 2020 Bright Charles 16 January 2020 Can Parasite become first Palme d Or winner to claim Best Picture Oscar since Marty did it 64 years ago Archived from the original on 28 March 2020 Retrieved 7 April 2020 Dan Schindel 10 February 2020 Parasite s Historic Wins at the 92nd Academy Awards Hyperallergic Archived from the original on 8 March 2020 Lee Jae lim 4 June 2020 Parasite scoops five awards at Daejong Film Awards Korea JoongAng Daily Archived from the original on 7 June 2020 Retrieved 7 June 2020 Forstadt Jillian 9 February 2020 Oscars Read Bong Joon Ho s Best Director Acceptance Speech The Hollywood Reporter a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link Everything We Know about Martin Scorsese s Killers of the Flower Moon So Far Paste magazine 27 February 2020 1 Archived 27 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine 경쟁작들에 비해 너무 강력 1인치 정도 되는 자막의 장벽 뛰어넘었다 in Korean Maeil Business Newspaper Archived from the original on 24 February 2020 Retrieved 24 February 2020 Libbey Dirk 9 February 2020 Bong Joon Ho Thanks Martin Scorsese And Quentin Tarantino During Classy Oscar Acceptance Speech CinemaBlend Archived from the original on 19 February 2020 Retrieved 9 February 2020 Chang Justin 22 February 2020 It s just the Oscars but my God it matters that Parasite won best picture Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on 10 February 2020 Retrieved 10 February 2020 Pedersen Erik 6 December 2021 101 Greatest Screenplays Of The 21st Century Horror Pic Tops Writers Guild s List Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 12 January 2022 Only American Films Should Win the Best Picture Oscar Says Cannes Head Thierry Fremaux 28 March 2023 Kit Borys Goldberg Lesley 9 January 2020 Parasite HBO Limited Series in the Works From Bong Joon Ho Adam McKay The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on 10 January 2020 Retrieved 9 January 2020 Ford Rebecca 21 January 2020 Bong Joon Ho Says Parasite Series Will Explore Stories That Happen in Between the Sequences in the Film hollywoodreporter com Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on 21 January 2020 Retrieved 12 February 2021 Sneider Jeff 10 February 2020 Exclusive Mark Ruffalo Eyed to Star in Parasite Series on HBO Collider Archived from the original on 11 February 2020 Retrieved 10 February 2020 Liu Marian 12 March 2020 HBO s possible Parasite spinoff with Mark Ruffalo raises whitewashing concerns The Washington Post Archived from the original on 13 March 2020 Retrieved 12 March 2020 Hullender Tatiana 13 February 2020 Tilda Swinton Cast as Female Lead of HBO s Parasite Series Exclusive The Illuminerdy Archived from the original on 3 March 2020 Retrieved 13 February 2020 Malkin Marc 18 October 2022 Julia Roberts Wants to Be in a Superhero Movie Wouldn t It Be Awesome Variety Retrieved 20 October 2022 Jeon Ji hyun Lee Sang heon 12 February 2020 기생충 현장을 그대로 세트 복원해 관광한류 기지로 The site of Parasite as it is Restoring the set to the Tourist Hallyu Base Maeil Business Newspaper in Korean Archived from the original on 3 March 2020 Jeong Ha sung 12 February 2020 고양시 기생충 촬영지 고양아쿠아특수촬용스튜디오 체험관광시설로 조성 Goyang City the Parasite filming location Goyang Aqua Special Photography Studio will be created as an experience tourism facility Tournews21 in Korean Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Bae Bae Hyun 14 February 2020 지자체 기생충 관광코스 개발이 부른 가난 포르노 논란 Controversy over poor pornography called by the local government Parasite tourism course development The Hankyoreh in Korean Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 기자수첩 기생충 관광 마케팅 빈곤 포르노 빈곤 동물원인가 Reporter s Handbook Parasite tourism marketing is poverty pornography poverty zoo Sisa Weekly in Korean 14 February 2020 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Joo Eun hye 13 February 2020 영화 기생충 관광 한류에도 기여 영화 기생충 투어 코스 등 조성 The movie Parasite contributes to the Korean Wave for tourism The movie Parasite tour course is created Consumer Wide in Korean Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 돼지쌀슈퍼 자하문 터널 계단 기생충 관광코스는 Pork Rice Super Jahamun Tunnel Stairway What is the parasite tour course The Dong a Ilbo in Korean 10 February 2020 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Ha Hye bin 19 February 2020 기생충 관광지 개발 경쟁에 가난 보여주자고 주민 한숨도 In the parasite tourist development competition Let s show you poor Residents sigh JTBC in Korean Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Hyunjong Kim 18 February 2020 기생충 촬영 돼지슈퍼 동네 가난 구경났나요 Photographing parasites Pig super neighborhood Is you poor Hankook Ilbo in Korean Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Lee Blessed 18 February 2020 톡톡 부동산 기생충 숟가락 얹는 서울시 갑자기 반지하 지원 Tok tok Real Estate Parasite in Seoul with a spoon Suddenly subterranean support Maeil Business Newspaper in Korean Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Li Nicolaus 25 April 2020 Nongshim s Latest Release Makes It Easy to Enjoy Ram Don From Parasite Hypebeast Archived from the original on 11 May 2021 Retrieved 10 May 2021 External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Parasite 2019 film Australia and New Zealand official site Archived 19 July 2020 at archive today United States and Canada official site Archived 19 July 2020 at archive today United Kingdom and Ireland official site Archived 19 July 2020 at archive today Script Archived 9 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine Parasite at AllMovie Parasite at HanCinema Parasite at IMDb Parasite at the Korean Movie Database in English Parasite at Naver in Korean Parasite Notes from the Underground an essay by Inkoo Kang at the Criterion Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parasite 2019 film amp oldid 1152687764, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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