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Roemeria argemone

January 01, 1970

Roemeria argemone (syn. Papaver argemone) is a species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. Its common names include long pricklyhead poppy, prickly poppy and pale poppy. Its native range includes parts of Eurasia and North Africa, but it can be found growing wild in parts of North America, where it is an introduced species. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant.

Roemeria argemone
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Papaveraceae
Genus: Roemeria
Species:
R. argemone
Binomial name
Roemeria argemone
L. C.Morales, R.Mend. & Romero García
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Cerastites macrocephalus Gray
  • Papaver argemone L.
  • Papaver argemone f. glabrum (W.D.J.Koch) O.Bolòs & Vigo
  • Papaver argemone f. littoralis Corill., Figureau & Godeau
  • Papaver argemone var. minus Latourr.
  • Papaver argemone var. plenum Latourr.
  • Papaver argemonium St.-Lag.
  • Papaver arvense Borkh.
  • Papaver clavatum Gilib.
  • Papaver clavigerum Lam.
  • Papaver maritimum With.
  • Papaver micranthum Boreau
  • Papaver neglectum Fedde

Description edit

This annual plant grows up to 50 cm (20 in),[3] Its 15–50 cm (6–20 in) long, branching stems are coated in stiff prickly hairs.[4] The fern-like green, leaves at the base of the plant have stalks, but upper leaves are stalk-less. They can be up to 20 cm (8 in) long,[3] It blooms in spring to summer,[3] between May and July.[4] The flowers have four slightly overlapping red petals, each with a dark base.[4] They can measure 2–5.5 cm (0.8–2.2 in) across,[4] with pale blue anthers and 4-6 stigmas.[3] Later, the plant produces a seed capsule, oblong to clavate (shaped like a club) with ribs and up to 2 cm long.[3][4]

Biochemistry edit

The plant contains alkaloids and has been used in herbal medicines. It also means the plant is not eaten much by grazing animals.[4]

Taxonomy edit

 
Illustration from Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé's book 'Flora von Deutschland' in 1885

It is commonly known as 'prickly poppy', 'pale poppy',[5][6] and 'long pricklyhead poppy'.[7][8] It is known as 'Sand-Mohn' in German, 'spikvallmo' in Swedish,[6] and 'amapola macho' in Spanish.[7]

The Latin specific epithet argemone is derived from the Greek 'argema' meaning cataract, and was applied by Dioscorides to a poppy-like plant used to treat cataracts.[9] See Argemone (a genus of flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae commonly known as 'prickly poppies').

It was formerly described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal publication Species Plantarum in 1753 on page 506.[2][10]

Distribution and habitat edit

It is native to temperate regions of North Africa, Europe and Western Asia.[3][6] including Macaronesia, Canary Islands, Algeria, Egypt and Morocco. Within Western Asia it is found in the Caucasus, Armenia, Cyprus, Egypt (in the Sinai), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. In eastern Europe, it is found within Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova and Ukraine. In middle Europe, it is in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland. In northern Europe, in Denmark, Ireland, Sweden and United Kingdom. In southeastern Europe, within Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. In southwestern Europe, it is found in France, Portugal and Spain.[6]

It has been introduced into the American states of Idaho, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Utah.[3][7]

Habitat edit

 
Seed capsule of Papaver argemone
 
Papaver argemone - MHNT

It grows in fields and disturbed soils (including ploughed).[4] It is normally found at 0–300 m (0–1,000 ft) above sea level.[3]

Uses edit

In the past, the pale poppy was used in herbal medicines.[4]

Culture edit

The petal of the poppy, was once used in folklore, as a test of faithfulness. A petal was placed in the palm of the loved ones hand and if when struck with a fist it produced a snapping sound, the loved one was true.[4]

References edit

  1. ^ "Roemeria argemone (L.) C.Morales, R.Mend. & Romero García". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Papaver argemone L." theplantlist.org. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "FNA Vol. 3". efloras.org (Flora of North America). Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain. Reader's Digest. 1981. p. 31. ISBN 9780276002175.
  5. ^ "Papaver argemone". rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d "Taxon: Papaver argemone L." ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  7. ^ a b c "Accepted scientific name: Papaver argemone Takht. (accepted name)". catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  8. ^ Robert E. Gough and Cheryl Moore-Gough The Complete Guide to Saving Seeds: 322 Vegetables, Herbs, Fruits, Flowers Trees and Shrubs , p. 206, at Google Books
  9. ^ Archibald William Smith A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins , p. 43, at Google Books
  10. ^ "Papaveraceae Papaver argemone L." ipni.org. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

Other sources edit

  • Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database 2012 (Kulturvaxtdatabas)
  • CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables. 1974 (Weed TabCIBA)
  • Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988 (F Turk)
  • Erhardt, W. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage. 2000 (Zander ed16)
  • FNA Editorial Committee Flora of North America. 1993- (F NAmer)
  • Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984- (L Medit)
  • Grey-Wilson, C. Poppies: The poppy family in the wild and in cultivation. 1993 (Poppies) 137.
  • Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 (L Canarias)
  • Jalas, J. & J. Suominen Atlas florae europaeae. 1972- (Atlas Eur)
  • Kadereit, J. W. 1986. "A revision of Papaver sect. Argemonidium Notes", Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh 44:35.
  • Kartesz, J. T. "A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland". 1994 (L US Can ed2)
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964 (F USSR)
  • Lazarides, M. & B. Hince CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993 (Econ Pl Aust)
  • Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966- (F Liban)
  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963- (F Iran)
  • Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea, second edition. 1993 (F Eur ed2)
  • Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan Flora palaestina. 1966- (F Palest)

External links edit

  • Jepson Manual Treatment
  • Photo gallery

January 01, 1970
roemeria, argemone, papaver, argemone, species, flowering, plant, poppy, family, papaveraceae, common, names, include, long, pricklyhead, poppy, prickly, poppy, pale, poppy, native, range, includes, parts, eurasia, north, africa, found, growing, wild, parts, n. Roemeria argemone syn Papaver argemone is a species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae Its common names include long pricklyhead poppy prickly poppy and pale poppy Its native range includes parts of Eurasia and North Africa but it can be found growing wild in parts of North America where it is an introduced species It is cultivated as an ornamental plant Roemeria argemone Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Order Ranunculales Family Papaveraceae Genus Roemeria Species R argemone Binomial name Roemeria argemoneL C Morales R Mend amp Romero Garcia Synonyms 1 2 Cerastites macrocephalus Gray Papaver argemone L Papaver argemone f glabrum W D J Koch O Bolos amp Vigo Papaver argemone f littoralis Corill Figureau amp Godeau Papaver argemone var minus Latourr Papaver argemone var plenum Latourr Papaver argemonium St Lag Papaver arvense Borkh Papaver clavatum Gilib Papaver clavigerum Lam Papaver maritimum With Papaver micranthum Boreau Papaver neglectum Fedde Contents 1 Description 1 1 Biochemistry 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and habitat 3 1 Habitat 4 Uses 5 Culture 6 References 7 Other sources 8 External linksDescription editThis annual plant grows up to 50 cm 20 in 3 Its 15 50 cm 6 20 in long branching stems are coated in stiff prickly hairs 4 The fern like green leaves at the base of the plant have stalks but upper leaves are stalk less They can be up to 20 cm 8 in long 3 It blooms in spring to summer 3 between May and July 4 The flowers have four slightly overlapping red petals each with a dark base 4 They can measure 2 5 5 cm 0 8 2 2 in across 4 with pale blue anthers and 4 6 stigmas 3 Later the plant produces a seed capsule oblong to clavate shaped like a club with ribs and up to 2 cm long 3 4 Biochemistry edit The plant contains alkaloids and has been used in herbal medicines It also means the plant is not eaten much by grazing animals 4 Taxonomy edit nbsp Illustration from Prof Dr Otto Wilhelm Thome s book Flora von Deutschland in 1885 It is commonly known as prickly poppy pale poppy 5 6 and long pricklyhead poppy 7 8 It is known as Sand Mohn in German spikvallmo in Swedish 6 and amapola macho in Spanish 7 The Latin specific epithet argemone is derived from the Greek argema meaning cataract and was applied by Dioscorides to a poppy like plant used to treat cataracts 9 See Argemone a genus of flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae commonly known as prickly poppies It was formerly described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal publication Species Plantarum in 1753 on page 506 2 10 Distribution and habitat editIt is native to temperate regions of North Africa Europe and Western Asia 3 6 including Macaronesia Canary Islands Algeria Egypt and Morocco Within Western Asia it is found in the Caucasus Armenia Cyprus Egypt in the Sinai Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Lebanon Syria and Turkey In eastern Europe it is found within Belarus Estonia Latvia Lithuania Moldova and Ukraine In middle Europe it is in Austria Belgium Germany Hungary Netherlands Poland Slovakia and Switzerland In northern Europe in Denmark Ireland Sweden and United Kingdom In southeastern Europe within Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Greece Italy Montenegro North Macedonia Romania Serbia and Slovenia In southwestern Europe it is found in France Portugal and Spain 6 It has been introduced into the American states of Idaho Oregon Pennsylvania and Utah 3 7 Habitat edit nbsp Seed capsule of Papaver argemone nbsp Papaver argemone MHNT It grows in fields and disturbed soils including ploughed 4 It is normally found at 0 300 m 0 1 000 ft above sea level 3 Uses editIn the past the pale poppy was used in herbal medicines 4 Culture editThe petal of the poppy was once used in folklore as a test of faithfulness A petal was placed in the palm of the loved ones hand and if when struck with a fist it produced a snapping sound the loved one was true 4 References edit Roemeria argemone L C Morales R Mend amp Romero Garcia Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 16 August 2022 a b Papaver argemone L theplantlist org 23 March 2012 Retrieved 1 November 2017 a b c d e f g h FNA Vol 3 efloras org Flora of North America Retrieved 1 November 2017 a b c d e f g h i Reader s Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain Reader s Digest 1981 p 31 ISBN 9780276002175 Papaver argemone rhs org uk Retrieved 1 November 2017 a b c d Taxon Papaver argemone L ars grin gov Retrieved 1 November 2017 a b c Accepted scientific name Papaver argemone Takht accepted name catalogueoflife org Retrieved 1 November 2017 Robert E Gough and Cheryl Moore Gough The Complete Guide to Saving Seeds 322 Vegetables Herbs Fruits Flowers Trees and Shrubs p 206 at Google Books Archibald William Smith A Gardener s Handbook of Plant Names Their Meanings and Origins p 43 at Google Books Papaveraceae Papaver argemone L ipni org Retrieved 1 November 2017 Other sources editAlden B S Ryman amp M Hjertson Svensk Kulturvaxtdatabas SKUD Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database 2012 Kulturvaxtdatabas CIBA GEIGY Basel Switzerland The CIBA GEIGY Weed Tables 1974 Weed TabCIBA Davis P H ed Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands 1965 1988 F Turk Erhardt W et al Zander Handworterbuch der Pflanzennamen 16 Auflage 2000 Zander ed16 FNA Editorial Committee Flora of North America 1993 F NAmer Greuter W et al eds Med Checklist 1984 L Medit Grey Wilson C Poppies The poppy family in the wild and in cultivation 1993 Poppies 137 Izquierdo Z I et al eds Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias hongos plantas y animales terrestres 2004 L Canarias Jalas J amp J Suominen Atlas florae europaeae 1972 Atlas Eur Kadereit J W 1986 A revision of Papaver sect Argemonidium Notes Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh 44 35 Kartesz J T A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States Canada and Greenland 1994 L US Can ed2 Komarov V L et al eds Flora SSSR 1934 1964 F USSR Lazarides M amp B Hince CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia 1993 Econ Pl Aust Mouterde P Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie 1966 F Liban Rechinger K H ed Flora iranica 1963 F Iran Tutin T G et al eds Flora europaea second edition 1993 F Eur ed2 Zohary M amp N Feinbrun Dothan Flora palaestina 1966 F Palest External links editJepson Manual Treatment Photo gallery Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Roemeria argemone amp oldid 1163004225, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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