fbpx
Wikipedia

Palaic language

April 11, 2024

Palaic is an extinct Indo-European language, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa, the capital of the Hittites. Palaic, which was apparently spoken mainly in northern Anatolia, is generally considered to be one of four primary sub-divisions of the Anatolian languages, alongside Hittite (central Anatolia), Luwic (southern Anatolia) and Lydian (western Anatolia).

Its name in Hittite is palaumnili, or "of the people of Pala"; Pala was probably to the northwest of the Hittite core area, so in the northwest of present mainland Turkey. The region was overrun by the Kaskians in the 15th century BC, and the language likely went out of daily use at that time.

Sources edit

The entire corpus of Palaic spans only CTH 751-754 in Emmanuel Laroche's catalog of Hittite texts; in addition Hittite texts elsewhere cite passages in Palaic in reference to the weather god Zaparwa (Hittite Ziparwa), the leading God of the land of Pala.[1][2] In particular, CTH 750, a festival in Hittite for Ziparwa and associated deities, includes passages stating, "The Old Woman speaks the words of the bread in Palaic," or alternately "the words of the meal," though no Palaic passages are quoted. The Palaic-language texts are all from a religious context, with ritual and mythological content.[3] In addition to Zaparwa, the Palaumnili-speakers worshipped a sun deity Tiyaz (Luwian Tiwaz), the Hattian goddess Kataḫzip/wuri, and several others.

Morphology edit

In terms of its morphology, Palaic is a fairly typical specimen of Indo-European. Old Hittite has the genitive singular suffix -aš circa 1600 BC (compare Proto-Indo-European *-os); where Cuneiform Luwian instead uses the -ašša/i- adjectival suffix. Palaic, on the northern border of both, like later Hieroglyphic Luwian has both an -aš genitive and an -aša- adjectival suffix. Palaic also shows the same gender distinction as seen in Hittite, i.e. animate vs. inanimate; and has similar pronoun forms.[citation needed] It is considered to have had a "high number of attestations of the suffix -ina," all of which were transitive[4] and shared common innovations with Luwian not present in Old Hittite, suggesting a prior Luwian-Palaic linguistic complex.[5] It has been characterized as "more conservative than Hittite" and heavily influenced by the Hattic language, though caution is prescribed for the latter assertion given the paucity of available materials.[6]

References edit

  1. ^ Burney, Charles (2004). Historical Dictionary of the Hittites. Scarecrow Press. p. 223. ISBN 0810865645.
  2. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2022). "Anatolian". The Indo-European Language Family. pp. 63–82. doi:10.1017/9781108758666.005. ISBN 978-1-108-75866-6.
  3. ^ Carruba, O. Das Palaische. Texte, Grammatik, Lexikon. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1970. StBoT 10.
  4. ^ Sasseville, David. Anatolian Verbal Stem Formation: Luwian, Lycian and Lydian. Netherlands, Brill, 2020.
  5. ^ The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, p. 7. N.p., Cambridge University Press, 2022.
  6. ^ Melchert, Harold Craig. Anatolian historical phonology, p.10. Netherlands, Rodopi, 1994.

Further reading edit

  • Giusfredi, F. (2023). "Palaic in the Hittite Archives". In Giusfredi, Federico; Pisaniello, Valerio; Matessi, Alvise (eds.). Contacts of Languages and Peoples in the Hittite and Post-Hittite World. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 313–331. doi:10.1163/9789004548633_013. ISBN 978-90-04-54863-3.
  • Melchert, H. Craig (1984). "Notes on Palaic". Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung. 97 (1): 22–43. JSTOR 40848728.
  • Melchert, H. C. (1994). "Palaic Phonology". Anatolian Historical Phonology. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 190–208. doi:10.1163/9789004657335_008. ISBN 978-90-04-65733-5.
  • Melchert, H. C. (1994). "Changes from PA to Palaic". Anatolian Historical Phonology. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 209–228. doi:10.1163/9789004657335_009. ISBN 978-90-04-65733-5.
  • Melchert, H. Craig (2008). "Palaic". The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor. pp. 40–45. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511486845.007. ISBN 978-0-521-68496-5.
  • Sasseville, David; Görke, Susanne (2021). "Palaisch. Eine indogermanische Kleinkorpussprache in Zentralanatolien". Antike Welt.
  • Sasseville, David; Yakubovich, Ilya (2018). "Palaic Words for Domestic Animals and their Enclosures". Historische Sprachforschung. 131: 46–58. JSTOR 27032358.
  • Sasseville, David (10 July 2019). "'To show' in Hittite and Palaic Rituals". Altorientalische Forschungen. 46 (1): 22–32. doi:10.1515/aofo-2019-0003. S2CID 198490660.
  • Yakubovich, Ilya (2005). "Were Hittite Kings Divinely Anointed? A Palaic Invocation to the Sun-God and Its Significance for Hittite Religion". Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions. 5 (1): 107–137. doi:10.1163/156921205776137972.

External links edit

  • "Digital etymological-philological Dictionary of the Ancient Anatolian Corpus Languages (eDiAna)". Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
  • Catalog of Hittite Texts
  • Genitive Case and Possessive Adjective in Anatolian by Craig Melchert

April 11, 2024
palaic, language, palaic, extinct, indo, european, language, attested, cuneiform, tablets, bronze, hattusa, capital, hittites, palaic, which, apparently, spoken, mainly, northern, anatolia, generally, considered, four, primary, divisions, anatolian, languages,. Palaic is an extinct Indo European language attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa the capital of the Hittites Palaic which was apparently spoken mainly in northern Anatolia is generally considered to be one of four primary sub divisions of the Anatolian languages alongside Hittite central Anatolia Luwic southern Anatolia and Lydian western Anatolia PalaicRegionAnatoliaEthnicityPalaic peoplesExtinctaround 1300 BCELanguage familyIndo European AnatolianLuwo Lydian Luwo Palaic PalaicLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code plq class extiw title iso639 3 plq plq a Linguist ListGlottologpala1331Its name in Hittite is palaumnili or of the people of Pala Pala was probably to the northwest of the Hittite core area so in the northwest of present mainland Turkey The region was overrun by the Kaskians in the 15th century BC and the language likely went out of daily use at that time Contents 1 Sources 2 Morphology 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksSources editThe entire corpus of Palaic spans only CTH 751 754 in Emmanuel Laroche s catalog of Hittite texts in addition Hittite texts elsewhere cite passages in Palaic in reference to the weather god Zaparwa Hittite Ziparwa the leading God of the land of Pala 1 2 In particular CTH 750 a festival in Hittite for Ziparwa and associated deities includes passages stating The Old Woman speaks the words of the bread in Palaic or alternately the words of the meal though no Palaic passages are quoted The Palaic language texts are all from a religious context with ritual and mythological content 3 In addition to Zaparwa the Palaumnili speakers worshipped a sun deity Tiyaz Luwian Tiwaz the Hattian goddess Kataḫzip wuri and several others Morphology editIn terms of its morphology Palaic is a fairly typical specimen of Indo European Old Hittite has the genitive singular suffix as circa 1600 BC compare Proto Indo European os where Cuneiform Luwian instead uses the assa i adjectival suffix Palaic on the northern border of both like later Hieroglyphic Luwian has both an as genitive and an asa adjectival suffix Palaic also shows the same gender distinction as seen in Hittite i e animate vs inanimate and has similar pronoun forms citation needed It is considered to have had a high number of attestations of the suffix ina all of which were transitive 4 and shared common innovations with Luwian not present in Old Hittite suggesting a prior Luwian Palaic linguistic complex 5 It has been characterized as more conservative than Hittite and heavily influenced by the Hattic language though caution is prescribed for the latter assertion given the paucity of available materials 6 References edit Burney Charles 2004 Historical Dictionary of the Hittites Scarecrow Press p 223 ISBN 0810865645 Kloekhorst Alwin 2022 Anatolian The Indo European Language Family pp 63 82 doi 10 1017 9781108758666 005 ISBN 978 1 108 75866 6 Carruba O Das Palaische Texte Grammatik Lexikon Wiesbaden Harrassowitz 1970 StBoT 10 Sasseville David Anatolian Verbal Stem Formation Luwian Lycian and Lydian Netherlands Brill 2020 The Indo European Language Family A Phylogenetic Perspective p 7 N p Cambridge University Press 2022 Melchert Harold Craig Anatolian historical phonology p 10 Netherlands Rodopi 1994 Further reading editGiusfredi F 2023 Palaic in the Hittite Archives In Giusfredi Federico Pisaniello Valerio Matessi Alvise eds Contacts of Languages and Peoples in the Hittite and Post Hittite World Leiden The Netherlands Brill pp 313 331 doi 10 1163 9789004548633 013 ISBN 978 90 04 54863 3 Melchert H Craig 1984 Notes on Palaic Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Sprachforschung 97 1 22 43 JSTOR 40848728 Melchert H C 1994 Palaic Phonology Anatolian Historical Phonology Leiden The Netherlands Brill pp 190 208 doi 10 1163 9789004657335 008 ISBN 978 90 04 65733 5 Melchert H C 1994 Changes from PA to Palaic Anatolian Historical Phonology Leiden The Netherlands Brill pp 209 228 doi 10 1163 9789004657335 009 ISBN 978 90 04 65733 5 Melchert H Craig 2008 Palaic The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor pp 40 45 doi 10 1017 CBO9780511486845 007 ISBN 978 0 521 68496 5 Sasseville David Gorke Susanne 2021 Palaisch Eine indogermanische Kleinkorpussprache in Zentralanatolien Antike Welt Sasseville David Yakubovich Ilya 2018 Palaic Words for Domestic Animals and their Enclosures Historische Sprachforschung 131 46 58 JSTOR 27032358 Sasseville David 10 July 2019 To show in Hittite and Palaic Rituals Altorientalische Forschungen 46 1 22 32 doi 10 1515 aofo 2019 0003 S2CID 198490660 Yakubovich Ilya 2005 Were Hittite Kings Divinely Anointed A Palaic Invocation to the Sun God and Its Significance for Hittite Religion Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 5 1 107 137 doi 10 1163 156921205776137972 External links edit Digital etymological philological Dictionary of the Ancient Anatolian Corpus Languages eDiAna Ludwig Maximilians Universitat Munchen Catalog of Hittite Texts Genitive Case and Possessive Adjective in Anatolian by Craig Melchert nbsp Asia portal Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Palaic language amp oldid 1217625133, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.