It is an evergreenshrub or small tree growing to 2–8 m (7–26 ft) tall. The bark is brown to grey or blackish, cracking into small plates on old plants. The leaves are opposite, 3–7 cm long and 1.5–4 cm broad with a thick, leathery texture, lustrous dark green above, paler yellow-green below; the margin is entire or with one to four large spine-tipped teeth on each side. Spiny leaves predominate on small, young plants (an adaptation to deter browsing animals), while entire leaves predominate higher on larger mature plants out of the reach of animals. The flowers are very fragrant, white, with a four-lobed corolla, the corolla tube 1–2 mm long and the lobes 2.5–5 mm long; they are dioecious, with flowering in the autumn. The fruit is an ovoid dark purple drupe 1.5 cm long and 1 cm diameter, mature in the following summer about 9 months after flowering.[2][4][5][6]
Osmanthus heterophyllus var. heterophyllus. Leaves entire or spiny; flowers with short corolla lobes 2.5-3.5 mm long. Throughout the range of the species.
Osmanthus heterophyllus var. bibracteatus (Hayata) P.S.Green. Leaves always entire; flowers with long corolla lobes 5 mm long. Endemic to Taiwan.
NomenclatureEdit
Osmanthus is derived from Greek and means 'fragrant flower'.[7]
The scientific name heterophyllus, "different leaves", refers to the variation in leaf shape between spiny and entire. The common name holly osmanthus refers to the similarity in leaf shape to that of the holly (Ilex aquifolium), an example of convergent evolution with a common objective of deterring browsing; the two may be distinguished easily by the leaf arrangement, alternate in Ilex aquifolium and opposite in Osmanthus heterophyllus.
The species has been hybridised in cultivation with Osmanthus fragrans; the resulting hybrid is named Osmanthus × fortunei Carr.[6]
Historical mentionsEdit
It is mentioned twice in the Kojiki, the oldest surviving historical record of Japan.[8] The first mention, under the name hihiragi, is in connection with the name of a kami, Hihiragi-no-sono-hana-madzumi-no-kami[12] (translated by Chamberlain as "Deity Waiting-to-see-the-Flowers-of-the-Holly"[13]), with the word madzumi (rarely seen) being used to describe the plant's characteristic of its flowers rarely blossoming, as interpreted by the scholar Tominobu.[8][14] Its second mention occurs during a passage referring to how a holly wood spear, made of material from the tree and spanning "eight fathoms long",[15] was presented to the Prince Yamato-take by the Emperor prior to him being sent to subdue the East.[8] Its prickly and non-prickly variations are sometimes described as "male" and "female" respectively, though this does not have a relation to the plant's gender.[8][16]
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October 20, 2023
osmanthus, heterophyllus, hiiragi, redirects, here, other, uses, hiiragi, disambiguation, chinese, 柊樹, 柊树, zhōngshù, japanese, hiiragi, variously, known, holly, osmanthus, holly, olive, false, holly, species, flowering, plant, olive, family, oleaceae, native, . Hiiragi redirects here For other uses see Hiiragi disambiguation Osmanthus heterophyllus Chinese t 柊樹 s 柊树 p zhōngshu Japanese 柊 Hiiragi variously known as holly osmanthus holly olive and false holly is a species of flowering plant in the olive family Oleaceae native to eastern Asia in central and southern Japan Honshu Kyushu Shikoku and the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan 2 3 Osmanthus heterophyllusHiiragi in flower in OsakaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder LamialesFamily OleaceaeGenus OsmanthusSpecies O heterophyllusBinomial nameOsmanthus heterophyllus G Don P S GreenSynonyms 1 Ilex heterophylla G Don Olea aquifolium Siebold amp Zucc Olea ilicifolia Hassk Olea rotundifolia H Jaeger Entleutner Osmanthus acutus Masam amp T Mori Osmanthus aquifolium Thunb Siebold Osmanthus bibracteatus Hayata Osmanthus ilicifolius Hassk Carriere Osmanthus integrifolius Hayata Osmanthus myrtifolius G Nicholson Osmanthus rotundifolius H Jaeger Dippel Contents 1 Description 2 Varieties 3 Nomenclature 4 Cultivation 5 Historical mentions 6 ReferencesDescription EditIt is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 2 8 m 7 26 ft tall The bark is brown to grey or blackish cracking into small plates on old plants The leaves are opposite 3 7 cm long and 1 5 4 cm broad with a thick leathery texture lustrous dark green above paler yellow green below the margin is entire or with one to four large spine tipped teeth on each side Spiny leaves predominate on small young plants an adaptation to deter browsing animals while entire leaves predominate higher on larger mature plants out of the reach of animals The flowers are very fragrant white with a four lobed corolla the corolla tube 1 2 mm long and the lobes 2 5 5 mm long they are dioecious with flowering in the autumn The fruit is an ovoid dark purple drupe 1 5 cm long and 1 cm diameter mature in the following summer about 9 months after flowering 2 4 5 6 nbsp flowers nbsp fruits nbsp leafVarieties EditThere are two varieties 2 Osmanthus heterophyllus var heterophyllus Leaves entire or spiny flowers with short corolla lobes 2 5 3 5 mm long Throughout the range of the species Osmanthus heterophyllus var bibracteatus Hayata P S Green Leaves always entire flowers with long corolla lobes 5 mm long Endemic to Taiwan Nomenclature EditOsmanthus is derived from Greek and means fragrant flower 7 The scientific name heterophyllus different leaves refers to the variation in leaf shape between spiny and entire The common name holly osmanthus refers to the similarity in leaf shape to that of the holly Ilex aquifolium an example of convergent evolution with a common objective of deterring browsing the two may be distinguished easily by the leaf arrangement alternate in Ilex aquifolium and opposite in Osmanthus heterophyllus Cultivation Edit nbsp Goshiki Cranford New JerseyIt is widely used as a hedge plant 6 8 Several cultivars have been selected for garden use including Aureus Goshiki Purpureus Rotundifolius and Subangustatus 6 The cultivars Goshiki 9 Variegatus 10 and Purple Shaft have gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 11 The species has been hybridised in cultivation with Osmanthus fragrans the resulting hybrid is named Osmanthus fortunei Carr 6 Historical mentions EditIt is mentioned twice in the Kojiki the oldest surviving historical record of Japan 8 The first mention under the name hihiragi is in connection with the name of a kami Hihiragi no sono hana madzumi no kami 12 translated by Chamberlain as Deity Waiting to see the Flowers of the Holly 13 with the word madzumi rarely seen being used to describe the plant s characteristic of its flowers rarely blossoming as interpreted by the scholar Tominobu 8 14 Its second mention occurs during a passage referring to how a holly wood spear made of material from the tree and spanning eight fathoms long 15 was presented to the Prince Yamato take by the Emperor prior to him being sent to subdue the East 8 Its prickly and non prickly variations are sometimes described as male and female respectively though this does not have a relation to the plant s gender 8 16 References Edit The Plant List a b c Flora of China Osmanthus heterophyllus Osmanthus heterophyllus Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 2 January 2018 Hata Labs Plant Ecology Laboratory Osmanthus heterophyllus in Japanese google translation Rokko Mountain guide to trees Osmanthus heterophyllus Archived 2005 05 25 at the Wayback Machine in Japanese google translation a b c d Huxley A ed 1992 New RHS Dictionary of Gardening Macmillan ISBN 0 333 47494 5 Gledhill David 2008 The Names of Plants Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521866453 hardback ISBN 9780521685535 paperback pp 285 410 a b c d e Sakanishi Shio December 1935 The Magic Holly in Japanese Literature Journal of the American Oriental Society 55 4 444 450 doi 10 2307 594762 JSTOR 594762 RHS Plant Selector Osmanthus heterophyllus Goshiki Retrieved 14 September 2019 RHS Plant Selector Osmanthus heterophyllus Variegatus Retrieved 25 May 2013 permanent dead link AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society 2018 p 71 Retrieved 14 September 2019 Kojiki pp vol 2 sect 26 Chamberlain Basil Hall 1932 Kojiki 2nd ed pp 100 Hosoda Tominobu Jindai seigo tokiwa gusa Chamberlain Basil Hall 1932 Kojiki 2nd ed pp 22 Matsuoka Gentatsu c 1800 Honzo ikka gen nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Osmanthus heterophyllus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Osmanthus heterophyllus amp oldid 1068643351, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
