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Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia

January 01, 1970

Opposition to the government of President Vladimir Putin in Russia, commonly referred to as the Russian opposition, can be divided between the parliamentary opposition parties in the State Duma and the various non-systemic opposition organizations. While the former are largely viewed as being more or less loyal to the government and Putin,[1][2] the latter oppose the government and are mostly unrepresented in government bodies. According to Russian NGO Levada Center, about 15% of the Russian population disapproved of Putin in the beginning of 2023.[3][4]

The "systemic opposition" is mainly composed of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF), the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR), A Just Russia – For Truth (SRZP), New People and other minor parties; these political groups, while claiming to be in opposition, generally support the government's policies.[5][6]

Major political parties considered to be part of the non-systemic opposition include Yabloko and the People's Freedom Party (PARNAS), along with the unregistered party Russia of the Future and Libertarian Party of Russia (LPR). Other notable opposition groups included the Russian Opposition Coordination Council (KSO) (2012–2013) and The Other Russia (2006–2011), as well as various non-governmental organizations (NGOs).[5]

Their supporters vary in political ideology, ranging from liberals, socialists, and anarchists, to Russian nationalists. They are mainly unified by their opposition to Putin and government corruption. However, a lack of unity within the opposition has also hindered its standing.[7][8][9] Opposition figures claim that a number of laws have been passed and other measures taken by Putin's government to prevent them from having any electoral success.

Background and composition edit

The Guardian's report from Luke Harding noted that during the 2000s Neo-Nazis, Russian nationalists, and ultranationalist groups were the most significant opposition to Putin's government.[10]

Prominent Russian liberal opposition figure Alexei Navalny said before his 2020 poisoning that the Kremlin was "far more afraid of ultra-nationalists than they were of him", noting that "[the ultranationalists] use the same imperial rhetoric as Putin does, but they can do it much better than him".[11]

In 2022 and 2023 Political experts in Russia and in the United States have described the far-right ultranationalist opposition to Putin as possibly "the most serious challenge" to the Russian regime.[12][13][11]

Some observers noted what they described as a "generational struggle" among Russians over perception of Putin's rule, with younger Russians more likely to be against Putin and his policies and older Russians more likely to accept the narrative presented by state-controlled media in Russia. Putin's approval rating among young Russians was 32% in January 2019, according to the Levada Center.[14] Another poll from the organization placed Putin's support among Russians aged 18–24 at 20% in December 2020.[15]

Actions and campaigns edit

Current campaigns of the opposition include the dissemination of anti-Putin reports such as Putin. Results. 10 years (2010), Putin. Corruption (2011) and Life of a Slave on Galleys (2012). Video versions of these reports, entitled Lies of Putin's regime,[16] have been viewed by about 10 million times on the Internet.[17]

In addition, smaller-scale series of actions are conducted. For example, in Moscow in the spring of 2012 saw a series of flash mobs "White Square", when protesters walked through the Red Square with white ribbons,[18] in the late spring and summer, they organized the protest camp "Occupy Abay" and autumn they held weekly "Liberty walks" with the chains symbolizing solidarity with political prisoners.[19]

A monstration is a parody demonstration where participants gently poke fun at Kremlin policies.[20]

Participation in elections edit

Some opposition figures, for example, chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov, said there are no elections in Putin's Russia,[21][22] and that participation in a procedure called elections only legitimizes the regime.[citation needed]

On the other hand, a small part of liberals (the party of "Democratic Choice") consider elections as the main tool to achieve their political goals.[23]

History edit

 
Rally in support of political prisoners in Russia, Moscow on 27 October 2013

2006–2008 Dissenters' March edit

Main article: Dissenters' March

The Dissenters' March was a series of Russian opposition protests started in 2006. It was preceded by opposition rallies in Russian cities in December 2005 which involved fewer people. Most of the Dissenters' March protests were unsanctioned by authorities. The Dissenters' March rally was organized by The Other Russia, a broad umbrella group that includes opposition leaders, including National Bolshevik Party with its leader Eduard Limonov, far-left Vanguard of Red Youth as well as liberals such as former world chess champion and United Civil Front leader Garry Kasparov.

2009–2011 Strategy-31 edit

Main article: Strategy-31

Strategy-31 was a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly in Russia guaranteed by Article 31 of the Russian Constitution. Since 31 July 2009, the protests were held in Moscow on Triumfalnaya Square on the 31st of every month with 31 days.[24] Strategy-31 was led by writer Eduard Limonov and human rights activist Lyudmila Alexeyeva.

2011–2013 Russian protests edit

Main article: 2011–2013 Russian protests
 
Anti-Putin protesters march in Moscow, 12 June 2012

Starting from 5 December 2011, the day after the elections to the State Duma, there have been repeated massive political actions of Russian citizens who disagree with the outcome of these "elections". The current surge of mass opposition rallies has been called in some publications "a snow revolution".[25][26][27][28] These rallies continued during the campaign for the election of the President of Russia and after 4 March 2012, presidential election, in which Putin officially won the first round. The protesters claimed that the elections were accompanied by violations of the election legislation and widespread fraud. One of the main slogans of the majority of actions was "For Fair Elections!" and a white ribbon has been chosen as symbol of protests. Beginning from spring 2012 the actions were called marches of millions and took the form of a march followed by a rally. The speeches of participants were anti-Putin and anti-government.

The "March of Millions" on 6 May 2012 at the approach to Bolotnaya Square was dispersed by the police. In the Bolotnaya Square case 17 people are accused of committing violence against police (12 of them are in jail). A large number of human rights defenders and community leaders have declared the detainees innocent and the police responsible for the clashes.[29][30]

For the rally on 15 December 2012, the anniversary of the mass protests against rigged elections, the organizers failed to agree with the authorities, and participation was low. Several thousand people gathered without placards on Lubyanka Square and laid flowers at the Solovetsky Stone.[31]

2014 anti-war protests edit

Main article: 2014 anti-war protests in Russia
 
March for Peace, Moscow, 21 September 2014

In 2014, members of the Russian opposition have held anti-war protests in opposition to the Russian military intervention in Ukraine in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and Crimean crisis. The March of Peace protests took place in Moscow on 15 March, a day before the Crimean status referendum. The protests have been the largest in Russia since the 2011 protests. Reuters reported that 30,000 people participated in 15 March anti-war rally.[32]

2017–2018 Russian protests edit

Main article: 2017–2018 Russian protests
 
March in memory of Boris Nemtsov in Moscow, 26 February 2017

On 26 March 2017, protests against alleged corruption in the Russian government took place simultaneously in many cities across the country. The protests began after the release of the film He Is Not Dimon to You by Alexei Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation. An April 2017 Levada poll found that 45% of surveyed Russians supported the resignation of Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev,[33] against it 33% of respondents. Newsweek reported that "An opinion poll by the Moscow-based Levada Center indicated that 38 percent of Russians supported the rallies and that 67 percent held Putin personally responsible for high-level corruption."[34]

A May 2017 Levada poll found that 58% of surveyed Russians supported the protests, while 23% said they disapprove.[35]

2018 Russian pension protests edit

Main article: 2018 Russian pension protests
 
The rally for fair elections 10 December 2011 at the Bolotnaya Square in Moscow. Luzhkov Bridge with banners "Crooks and thieves, give us back elections", "Deputies, we have not chosen you!"

From July 2018, almost every weekend, protest rallies and demonstrations were organized against the planned retirement age hike. Such events occurred in nearly all major cities countrywide including Novosibirsk, St.-Petersburg and Moscow. These events were coordinated by all opposition parties with the leading role of the communists. Also trade unions and some individual politicians (among whom Navalny) functioned as organizers of the public actions.[36]

An intention to hike the retirement age has drastically downed the rating of the President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev in Russia. So in July 2018, just 49% would vote for Putin if the presidential elections were held in that moment (while during the elections in March 2018, he got 76.7%).[37][38]

2019 Russian protests edit

Main article: 2019 Moscow protests
 
Moscow rally in support of opposition candidates for the Moscow City Duma. August 10, 2019.

In the first half of 2019 there were approximately 863 protests across the country.[39]

From July 2019, protest rallies for an access to 2019 Moscow City Duma election of independent candidates started in Moscow. The 20 July rally was the largest since 2012. The 27 July rally set a record in number of detainees and police violence.[40][41] The 10 August rally outnumbered the 27 July rally, oppositional sources report 50–60 thousand participants.[42]

2020–21 Khabarovsk Krai protests edit

Main article: 2020–2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests

On 9 July 2020, the popular governor of the Khabarovsk Krai, Sergei Furgal, who defeated the candidate of Putin's United Russia party in elections two years ago, was arrested and flown to Moscow. Furgal was arrested 15 years after the alleged crimes he is accused of. Every day since 11 June, mass protests have been held in the Khabarovsk Krai in support of Furgal.[43] On 25 July, tens of thousands of people were estimated to have taken part in the third major rally in Khabarovsk.[44] The protests included chants of "Away with Putin!", "This is our region", "Furgal was our choice" or "shame on LDPR" and "Shame on the Kremlin!"[44][45][46]

In a Levada Center poll carried out from 24 to 25 July 2020, 45% of surveyed Russians viewed the protests positively, 26% neutrally and 17% negatively.[47]

2021 Russian protests edit

Main article: 2021 Russian protests
 
Protests in Lipetsk, 23 January 2021

On 23 January 2021, protests across Russia were held in support of the Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny, who was detained and then jailed after returning to Russia on 17 January following his poisoning. A few days before the protests, an investigation by Navalny and his Anti-Corruption Foundation was published, accusing Putin of corruption. The video garnered 70 million views in a few days.[48]

Since jailing of Navalny a "hardening of the course" was observed from the government side, with a choice of "go West or East" being offered to prominent opposition figures, meaning a non-negotiable alternative of either going on emigration ("West") or to prison colonies ("East"). Among those who left Russia are politicians Lyubov Sobol, Dmitry Gudkov, Ivan Zhdanov (whose father had been however arrested in Russia as a hostage), Kira Yarmysh, journalists Andrei Soldatov, Irina Borogan, Roman Badanin. The wave of repressions has been also linked with the September 2021 Duma elections.[49][50]

2021 Russian election protests edit

Main article: 2021 Russian election protests

Protests against alleged large-scale fraud in favour of the ruling party were held.[51]

2022 anti-war protests edit

Main article: 2022 anti-war protests in Russia
See also: Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
 
Anti-war graffiti in Saint Petersburg, Russia
 
Russian opposition politician Ilya Yashin was sentenced to eight-and-a-half years in prison for discussing the Bucha massacre in Ukraine on a YouTube stream.
 
Illustration depicting Russian artist Aleksandra Skochilenko, who was arrested for replacing supermarket price tags with anti-war messages

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, protesters have used the white-blue-white flag as a symbol of opposition though not all used the flag. Several opposition activists (such as Maria Motuznaya) had criticized the justification by AssezJeune (one of the creators of the flag) to remove the red stripe.[52]

On the afternoon of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Investigative Committee of Russia issued a warning to Russians that they would face legal repercussions for joining unsanctioned protests related to "the tense foreign political situation".[53] The protests have been met with widespread repression by the Russian authorities. According to OVD-Info, at least 14,906 people were detained from 24 February to 13 March,[54][55] including the largest single-day mass arrests in post-Soviet Russian history on 6 March.[56]

In February 2022, more than 30,000 technology workers,[57] 6,000 medical workers, 3,400 architects,[58] more than 4,300 teachers,[59] more than 17,000 artists,[60] 5,000 scientists,[61] and 2,000 actors, directors, and other creative figures signed open letters calling for Putin's government to stop the war.[62][63] Some Russians who signed petitions against Russia's war in Ukraine lost their jobs.[64]

On 17 March, Putin gave a speech in which he called opponents of the war "scum and traitors," saying that a "natural and necessary self-cleansing of society will only strengthen our country."[65][66] Russian authorities were encouraging Russians to report their friends, colleagues and family members to the police for expressing opposition to the war in Ukraine.[67]

More than 2,000 people were detained or fined by May 2022 under the laws prohibiting "fake" information about the military.[68] In July 2022, Alexei Gorinov, a member of the Krasnoselsky district council in Moscow, was sentenced to seven years in prison after making anti-war comments at a council meeting in March.[69] Lawyer Pavel Chikov said that this was the first jail term under the new Russian 2022 war censorship laws.[70] According to Amnesty International, as of June 2023, up to 20,000 Russian citizens had been subject to heavy reprisals for opposing the war in Ukraine.[71]

In October 2023, Putin's close associate Vyacheslav Volodin, Speaker of the State Duma, said that Russians who "desire the victory of the murderous Nazi Kyiv regime" should be sent to the far-eastern region of Magadan, known for its Stalin-era Gulag camps, and forced to work in the mines.[72] In November 2023, Volodin wrote on his Telegram channel that Russians who left the country after the Russian invasion of Ukraine and are now returning "should understand that no one here is waiting for them with open arms" because they "committed treason against Russia".[73]

2022–present Russian partisan movement edit

Main article: Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)

In response to the invasion of Ukraine, numerous armed pro-democratic, and anti-authoritarian partisan and insurgent groups have sprung up within Russia in open rebellion with the aim of sabotaging the war effort and overthrowing Putin and his regime.[74] These groups primarily engage in guerrilla warfare against the state and utilize the destruction of infrastructure such as railways, military recruitment centers, and radio towers, as well as other means to harm the state such as conducting assassinations. Some of the most notable groups involved in the conflict include the Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists (BOAK) regarded by The Insider as "The most active 'subversive' force" within Russia since the war began,[9] the National Republican Army,[75] the Freedom of Russia Legion,[76] and the far-right Russian Volunteer Corps.[77]

2023 Wagner rebellion edit

Main article: Wagner Group rebellion

On June 23, 2023, forces loyal to Yevgeny Prigozhin's Wagner Group began a mutiny against the Russian government. Citing the Russian Ministry of Defence's, and namely the Russian Minister of Defense, Sergei Shoigu's mishandling of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as claiming the Russian army shelled one of the Wagner group's barracks, resulting in casualties. Wagner occupied the city of Rostov-on-Don, surrounding and then seizing the headquarters of the Southern Military District. Prigozhin vowed to march on Moscow and arrest Shoigu, and other Russian generals, and put them on trial for murder of Wagner personnel.[78][needs update]

There were no sizeable spontaneous displays of public support for the Putin government during the rebellion.[79] The Russian population displayed a predominantly "silent" and apathetic reaction.[80][81] Russia analyst Anna Matveeva contrasted the Russian public's response to that of the Turkish public during the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, where numerous Turkish citizens actively participated in anti-coup demonstrations.[82]

2024 Russian presidential election edit

Main article: 2024 Russian presidential election

Putin was due to have to stand down as president in 2024 due to term limits in Russia's constitution,[83][84] but it was widely expected that he would attempt to stay in power through certain means such as changing the constitution, even though Putin claimed otherwise in 2018.[85][86][83] As predicted, Putin announced that constitutional changes would be proposed allowing him to stay in power until 2036 by "resetting" his terms, widely criticised by opponents, and these changes were then 'approved' in a disputed referendum in which independent election monitors received hundreds of reports of violations and state employees were deliberately prompted to vote in favour.[87][83][84] Leader of the opposition Alexei Navalny dismissed the legitimacy of the poll and denounced the changes, saying that they would make Putin "president for life".[87]

 
Boris Nadezhdin attempted to run in the 2024 election, with polls and precictions indicating that he was in second place behind Putin and ahead of the other three candidates' projected vote share combined. Kremlinologist Mikhail Zygar said that he had become Russia's "second-most-popular politician"[88][89][90][91][92][93][94]

Journalist Yekaterina Duntsova tried to run in the 2024 election on a platform opposing the war in Ukraine, commenting: "Any sane person taking this step would be afraid - but fear must not win".[95][96] However, she was quickly barred from running by the Central Election Commission, which claimed that she had made '100 mistakes' such as spelling errors on her forms and so should be denied registration.[95][97][98][99] The BBC reported on Dunstova's rejection that: "the immediate slap-down of a Putin critic will be seen as evidence by some that no dissent will be tolerated in the campaign".[95] The nationalist and previously pro-Putin Igor Girkin, who also attempted to become a candidate, openly declared that the election was a "sham", stating that "the only winner is known in advance" and "I understand perfectly well that in the current situation in Russia, participating in the presidential campaign is like sitting down at a table to play with card sharps".[95][100] Girkin, a former FSB agent, was later sentenced to four years imprisonment.[101]

 
Protest outside the Russian Embassy in Berlin demanding the release of political prisoners in Russia, February 2024

Boris Nadezhdin declared his intention to run on a platform of opposing Putin and the Ukraine war.[102][103] He quickly gained support, and queues formed in towns and villages across Russia and outside Boris Nadezhdin’s headquarters in Moscow to sign their name in support of his bid for presidency.[104][105][103] Footage showed how many thousands had queued even in the snow to sign their names, and he garnered "surprise levels of support", especially from younger urban Russians.[103][106][107][108] The number of Russians who had turned up to sign their names was so unexpectedly high that extra sign-up centres had to be added in Moscow.[107] In what was described as something "seemingly unachievable in Russian politics",[108] Nadezhdin managed to unify many prominent opposition politicians and public figures behind his campaign and gained their endorsements: Yekaterina Duntsova (who had previously been barred[109][110]), Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Ekaterina Schulmann, Yulia Navalnaya (wife of Alexei Navalny), Ilya Varlamov, Lyubov Sobol and many others.[111][112][113][114] Russia's main opposition leader Navalny also passed a message from his imprisonment giving his backing to Nadezhdin's campaign.[103] Navalny had himself been barred from the previous Russian presidential election in 2018 on what is widely seen as political grounds.[103]

 
The nationalist and pro-war former FSB agent Igor Girkin openly declared that the upcoming 2024 presidential election was a "sham" and "the only winner is known in advance". He was subsequently imprisoned for insulting Putin and not allowed to run.[115][95][100][116][117]

Multiple sources, including from inside the Kremlin, stated that the Kremlin would likely seek to deny Nadezhdin a place on the ballot.[118][119][120] The CEC regularly uses the process of having to collect signatures to refuse to register would-be opposition candidates, acting as a form of filter to stop unwanted developments for the Kremlin.[121] On 30 January 2024, Kremlin propagandist and television presenter Vladimir Solovyov warned Nadezhdin: "I feel bad for Boris. The fool didn’t realize that he’s not being set up to run for president but for a criminal case on charges of betraying the Motherland."[118]

As predicted, on 8 February 2024 Nadezhdin was barred from running due to alleged "irregularities" in the signatures of voters supporting his candidacy.[122] The election commission claimed that only 95,587 of his signatures in support of his candidacy were valid, just short of the 100,000 needed to run.[103] His team said that some of the "errors" the election commission had claimed existed were merely minor typos that happened when handwritten names were put into its computers.[123] Nadezhdin published evidence of this, showing Mayakovsky Street typed up as 'Myakovsky Street', the city of Salekhard misspelled as 'Salikhard', and one address in Rostov-on-Don typed up as 'Rostov-on-Dom'.[124] Nadezhdin explained that the commission then used this to reject these signatures on the grounds that the address of these people "did not match".[124] The commission also dubiously claimed that there were eleven dead people on Nadezhdin's list of signatures and that this disqualified his entire list of 105,000 signatures – which was in fact more than the 100,000 required to run.[125] The press contacted the man who's address had been incorrectly entered as 'Rostov-on-Dom', and he confirmed he had indeed added his signature in support of Nadezhdin's candidacy, saying "this constitutes election obstruction".[124]

Suspicious death of Navalny edit

 
Action in memory of Alexei Navalny at the monument to victims of political repression in St. Petersburg on 16 February 2024

As well as endorsing Nadezhdin, Alexei Navalny and his allies had called on supporters to protest Putin during the third day of the presidential election by all going to vote against him at the same time.[126] Navalny then died in suspicious circumstances in his harsh imprisonment at a prison colony in the Arctic Circle, aged only 47, on 16 February 2024.[127][128] After his death, Russians began bringing flowers to monuments to victims of political repression in cities across the country.[129] People laid flowers at Moscow’s Solovetsky Stone and the Wall of Grief.[130] The Moscow Prosecutor’s Office warned Russians against mass protests.[131] Hundreds of people across more than 30 Russian cities were detained by police merely for attending makeshift memorials to Navalny.[132]

The authorities further aroused suspicion by refusing to release Navalny's body to his family for over a week after his death, with his wife stating that his body was being kept until traces of intentional poisoning by Novichok had disappeared.[133][134][135] He had previously been poisoned with Novichok by the Russian secret services in 2020, which had only been discovered at the time as an emergency evacuation had been arranged to the specialist Charité hospital in Berlin, which then carried out the tests which identified the poison.[134][136] Navalny's mother attempted to go to the prison colony he died in to collect Navalny's body, but was repeatedly obstructed from doing so and instead sent to a morgue where his body had never been taken, and not told where his body was.[133] She was then reportedly threatened to agree to a 'secret' burial of Navalny, or else he would be buried at the prison, being given only three hours to agree to the ultimatum.[137][135] She refused to negotiate and demanded authorities complied with the law obliging investigators to hand over the body within two days of determining the causes of death.[137] Navalny's wife was then forced to sign a death certificate claiming he had died of natural causes, with authorities claiming he had collapsed and died of "sudden death syndrome".[137][135][138] Such a scenario is deemed to be suspicious due to multiple other 'sudden deaths' of those who have criticised Putin, such as Ravil Maganov and Yevgeny Prigozhin.[138] Independent analysts also reject the authorities' medical explanations for his death.[128] More than 50,000 Russians sent requests to the Russian government demanding that they return his body to his family.[139]

 
After main opposition leader Alexei Navalny suspiciously died in February 2024, his widow Yulia Navalnaya pledged to continue his work, asking Russians to "stand beside me"

The authorities belatedly returned Navalny's body eight days after his death,[135] and upon his burial on Moscow thousands defied likely repression to appear in the streets to chant his name and their opposition to Putin.[140] 250,000 people also watched a livestream of his funeral provided by his team, despite apparent attempts by the authorities to interrupt internet coverage.[141] The crowds who attended chanted "no to war", "Russia without Putin" and "Russia will be free", even though there was a noticeable police presence.[140] The funeral ceremony was also attended by Boris Nadezhdin and Yekaterina Duntsova, the two opposition candidates who had been barred from running against Putin in the presidential election, with Nadezhdin stating: "We have come to say goodbye to a person who was a symbol of an era. There is still hope that everything will be all right and Russia will be free and peaceful as Alexei had dreamed".[141]

There was widespread international condemnation of Russian authorities for Navalny's death.[139] US President Biden commented "there is no doubt that the death of Mr Navalny was a consequence of something Putin and his thugs did", whilst French president Emmanuel Macron remarked on his "anger and indignation", adding: "in today's Russia, free spirits are put in the gulag and sentenced to death".[139] Germany's government called for the release of political prisoners in Russia, with a spokesman commenting: "It is shocking that people are being arrested in Russia for laying flowers in honour of Alexei Navalny's death".[139]

After Navalny's death his wife Yulia Navalnaya said that she would continue his work, asking Russians to "stand beside me" and "share the fury and hate for those who dared to kill our future".[142][143][132] She appeared before the European Parliament on 28 February 2024 and was given a standing ovation for her emotional speech, in which she stated that defeating Putin requires innovation instead of only applying sanctions and resolutions against his regime.[144] In March, she reiterated Navalny's request for Russians to protest at the presidential election by all turning up and forming long queues at polling stations at midday on 17 March, since it was a protest action that could show the strength of anti-Putin feeling without the authorities being able to prevent it or arrest people for it.[145]

Opposition figures edit

Symbols edit

 
Russians protest against the war in Ukraine with the white-blue-white Russian flag, on 2 March 2022

In 2012, the term white ribbon opposition was applied to the protesters for fair elections as they wore white ribbons as their symbol.[18]

The white-blue-white flag is a symbol of opposition to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine that has been used by Russian anti-war protesters. It has also been used as a symbol of opposition to the current government of Russia.

During the Wagner Group rebellion, forces loyal to the Wagner group painted a red Z on the side of their vehicles, in reference to the white Z used by Russian forces during the invasion of Ukraine.[262]

In culture edit

Books edit

Films edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Died in 2018
  2. ^ Since 2018 has been imprisoned
  3. ^ In exile since 2000, subject to an Interpol Red Notice by the Russian government, found dead in mysterious circumstances in 2013
  4. ^ Survived a suspected poisoning in 2019
  5. ^ In exile since 2021, warrant for his arrest issued by Russian government
  6. ^ In exile since 2022, designated a "foreign agent" by the Russian government
  7. ^ Survived an attempted murder in 2017, currently in exile
  8. ^ Since 2020 has been imprisoned
  9. ^ Currently lives abroad
  10. ^ Survived a poisoning in 2006, died unexpectedly at 53 in 2009
  11. ^ In exile since 2022, designated a "foreign agent" by the Russian government
  12. ^ Sentenced to four years imprisonment in a penal colony in 2024 for insulting Putin[177]
  13. ^ Sentenced to seven years' imprisonment in 2022 for objecting to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine[179]
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Currently in exile
  15. ^ Survived a mercury poisoning with her husband in exile in 2010
  16. ^ Survived a mercury poisoning with his wife in exile in 2010
  17. ^ Currently fighting in Ukraine
  18. ^ Survived poisoning by FSB agents in 2015 and 2017, imprisoned since 2022
  19. ^ Currently lives abroad
  20. ^ In exile since 2022
  21. ^ Fled Russia in 2017 after numerous attacks and threats against her
  22. ^ Currently in exile, arrest warrant issued by the Russian government
  23. ^ Survived a mercury poisoning in 2008
  24. ^ Currently in exile
  25. ^ Imprisoned since 2024
  26. ^ In exile since 2023, sentenced to 8.5 years imprisonment in absentia for "spreading knowingly false information"[221]
  27. ^ Designated a "foreign agent" by the Russian government
  28. ^ Died in 2023
  29. ^ Died in suspicious circumstances aged 34 in 2012
  30. ^ Issued a five-year suspended prison sentence in 2021
  31. ^ Currently lives abroad
  32. ^ Since 2022 has been imprisoned
  33. ^ Survived a kidnapping in 2004
  34. ^ Currently in exile, designated a "foreign agent" by the Russian government
  35. ^ In exile since 2022
  36. ^ Designated a "foreign agent" by the Russian government, warrant for his arrest also issued
  37. ^ Sentenced to seven years imprisonment in 2023 for replacing five price tags in a local supermarket with notes criticising the Russian invasion of Ukraine
  38. ^ In exile since 2022
  39. ^ Currently in exile, warrant for her arrest issued by Russian government
  40. ^ Imprisoned since 2017
  41. ^ Labelled a "foreign agent" by the Russian Government in 2022
  42. ^ Survived a poisoning in 2017
  43. ^ Since 2022 has been imprisoned

References edit

  1. ^ Ben Noble, Putin just won a supermajority in the Duma. That matters. 28 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post (1 October 2016): "During the 2011-2016 parliamentary session, the Kremlin often engineered supermajorities with votes from loyal opposition Duma deputies."
  2. ^ Thomas F Remington, Presidential Decrees in Russia: A Comparative Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 2014), p. 44: "The 'within-system' opposition parties, such as the communists and A Just Russia, must be willing to play their prescribed role as tame, domesticated versions of a real opposition."
  3. ^ "Indicators". Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  4. ^ "Putin's approval rating ends 2022 at 81%, boosted by support for the war in Ukraine". www.intellinews.com. 2 January 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  5. ^ a b Ros, Cameron (3 March 2016). Systemic and Non-Systemic Opposition in the Russian Federation: Civil Society Awakens?. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 9781317047230. from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  6. ^ The Russian Awakening (PDF). Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 2012. p. 16. (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  7. ^ Peter Finn, Infighting Fractures Russian Opposition: Kremlin's Democratic Foes Help Marginalize Themselves With Suspicions, Old Feuds 25 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post (28 March 2007).
  8. ^ A fourth term for Russia's perpetual president 27 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, The Economist (19 March 2018): "a fractured opposition."
  9. ^ a b Zemlyanskaya, Alisa (5 July 2022). . The Insider (in Russian). Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  10. ^ "Putin's worst nightmare". The Guardian. 8 February 2009. from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  11. ^ a b Matthews, Owen (15 September 2022). "More mad than Vlad: Russia's ultra-nationalist threat". Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  12. ^ Shalinov, Stanislav (14 December 2022). "Vladimir Putin's failing invasion is fueling the rise of Russia's far right". Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  13. ^ Garina, Irina. "What Igor Strelkov's arrest means for Russia's 'patriots' faction". Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  14. ^ "Opinion: How Putin and the Kremlin lost Russian youths". The Washington Post. 17 June 2019. from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  15. ^ "Vladimir Putin's popularity with young Russians plummeting, opinion poll finds". The Times. 11 December 2020. from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
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External links edit

  •   Media related to Demonstrations and protests in Russia at Wikimedia Commons
  • List of political prisoners in Russia (Russian) in 2015, compiled by "New Chronicle of Current Events".

January 01, 1970
opposition, vladimir, putin, russia, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, russian, january, 2013, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, russian, article, machine, tr. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian January 2013 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Russian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 220 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Politicheskaya oppoziciya v Rossijskoj Federacii see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated ru Politicheskaya oppoziciya v Rossijskoj Federacii to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Opposition to the government of President Vladimir Putin in Russia commonly referred to as the Russian opposition can be divided between the parliamentary opposition parties in the State Duma and the various non systemic opposition organizations While the former are largely viewed as being more or less loyal to the government and Putin 1 2 the latter oppose the government and are mostly unrepresented in government bodies According to Russian NGO Levada Center about 15 of the Russian population disapproved of Putin in the beginning of 2023 3 4 The systemic opposition is mainly composed of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation KPRF the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia LDPR A Just Russia For Truth SRZP New People and other minor parties these political groups while claiming to be in opposition generally support the government s policies 5 6 Major political parties considered to be part of the non systemic opposition include Yabloko and the People s Freedom Party PARNAS along with the unregistered party Russia of the Future and Libertarian Party of Russia LPR Other notable opposition groups included the Russian Opposition Coordination Council KSO 2012 2013 and The Other Russia 2006 2011 as well as various non governmental organizations NGOs 5 Their supporters vary in political ideology ranging from liberals socialists and anarchists to Russian nationalists They are mainly unified by their opposition to Putin and government corruption However a lack of unity within the opposition has also hindered its standing 7 8 9 Opposition figures claim that a number of laws have been passed and other measures taken by Putin s government to prevent them from having any electoral success Contents 1 Background and composition 2 Actions and campaigns 3 Participation in elections 4 History 4 1 2006 2008 Dissenters March 4 2 2009 2011 Strategy 31 4 3 2011 2013 Russian protests 4 4 2014 anti war protests 4 5 2017 2018 Russian protests 4 6 2018 Russian pension protests 4 7 2019 Russian protests 4 8 2020 21 Khabarovsk Krai protests 4 9 2021 Russian protests 4 10 2021 Russian election protests 4 11 2022 anti war protests 4 12 2022 present Russian partisan movement 4 13 2023 Wagner rebellion 4 14 2024 Russian presidential election 4 14 1 Suspicious death of Navalny 5 Opposition figures 6 Symbols 7 In culture 7 1 Books 7 2 Films 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External linksBackground and composition editThe Guardian s report from Luke Harding noted that during the 2000s Neo Nazis Russian nationalists and ultranationalist groups were the most significant opposition to Putin s government 10 Prominent Russian liberal opposition figure Alexei Navalny said before his 2020 poisoning that the Kremlin was far more afraid of ultra nationalists than they were of him noting that the ultranationalists use the same imperial rhetoric as Putin does but they can do it much better than him 11 In 2022 and 2023 Political experts in Russia and in the United States have described the far right ultranationalist opposition to Putin as possibly the most serious challenge to the Russian regime 12 13 11 Some observers noted what they described as a generational struggle among Russians over perception of Putin s rule with younger Russians more likely to be against Putin and his policies and older Russians more likely to accept the narrative presented by state controlled media in Russia Putin s approval rating among young Russians was 32 in January 2019 according to the Levada Center 14 Another poll from the organization placed Putin s support among Russians aged 18 24 at 20 in December 2020 15 Actions and campaigns editCurrent campaigns of the opposition include the dissemination of anti Putin reports such as Putin Results 10 years 2010 Putin Corruption 2011 and Life of a Slave on Galleys 2012 Video versions of these reports entitled Lies of Putin s regime 16 have been viewed by about 10 million times on the Internet 17 In addition smaller scale series of actions are conducted For example in Moscow in the spring of 2012 saw a series of flash mobs White Square when protesters walked through the Red Square with white ribbons 18 in the late spring and summer they organized the protest camp Occupy Abay and autumn they held weekly Liberty walks with the chains symbolizing solidarity with political prisoners 19 A monstration is a parody demonstration where participants gently poke fun at Kremlin policies 20 Participation in elections editSome opposition figures for example chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov said there are no elections in Putin s Russia 21 22 and that participation in a procedure called elections only legitimizes the regime citation needed On the other hand a small part of liberals the party of Democratic Choice consider elections as the main tool to achieve their political goals 23 History edit nbsp Rally in support of political prisoners in Russia Moscow on 27 October 2013 2006 2008 Dissenters March edit Main article Dissenters March The Dissenters March was a series of Russian opposition protests started in 2006 It was preceded by opposition rallies in Russian cities in December 2005 which involved fewer people Most of the Dissenters March protests were unsanctioned by authorities The Dissenters March rally was organized by The Other Russia a broad umbrella group that includes opposition leaders including National Bolshevik Party with its leader Eduard Limonov far left Vanguard of Red Youth as well as liberals such as former world chess champion and United Civil Front leader Garry Kasparov 2009 2011 Strategy 31 edit Main article Strategy 31 Strategy 31 was a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly in Russia guaranteed by Article 31 of the Russian Constitution Since 31 July 2009 the protests were held in Moscow on Triumfalnaya Square on the 31st of every month with 31 days 24 Strategy 31 was led by writer Eduard Limonov and human rights activist Lyudmila Alexeyeva 2011 2013 Russian protests edit Main article 2011 2013 Russian protests nbsp Anti Putin protesters march in Moscow 12 June 2012 Starting from 5 December 2011 the day after the elections to the State Duma there have been repeated massive political actions of Russian citizens who disagree with the outcome of these elections The current surge of mass opposition rallies has been called in some publications a snow revolution 25 26 27 28 These rallies continued during the campaign for the election of the President of Russia and after 4 March 2012 presidential election in which Putin officially won the first round The protesters claimed that the elections were accompanied by violations of the election legislation and widespread fraud One of the main slogans of the majority of actions was For Fair Elections and a white ribbon has been chosen as symbol of protests Beginning from spring 2012 the actions were called marches of millions and took the form of a march followed by a rally The speeches of participants were anti Putin and anti government The March of Millions on 6 May 2012 at the approach to Bolotnaya Square was dispersed by the police In the Bolotnaya Square case 17 people are accused of committing violence against police 12 of them are in jail A large number of human rights defenders and community leaders have declared the detainees innocent and the police responsible for the clashes 29 30 For the rally on 15 December 2012 the anniversary of the mass protests against rigged elections the organizers failed to agree with the authorities and participation was low Several thousand people gathered without placards on Lubyanka Square and laid flowers at the Solovetsky Stone 31 2014 anti war protests edit Main article 2014 anti war protests in Russia nbsp March for Peace Moscow 21 September 2014 In 2014 members of the Russian opposition have held anti war protests in opposition to the Russian military intervention in Ukraine in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and Crimean crisis The March of Peace protests took place in Moscow on 15 March a day before the Crimean status referendum The protests have been the largest in Russia since the 2011 protests Reuters reported that 30 000 people participated in 15 March anti war rally 32 2017 2018 Russian protests edit Main article 2017 2018 Russian protests nbsp March in memory of Boris Nemtsov in Moscow 26 February 2017 On 26 March 2017 protests against alleged corruption in the Russian government took place simultaneously in many cities across the country The protests began after the release of the film He Is Not Dimon to You by Alexei Navalny s Anti Corruption Foundation An April 2017 Levada poll found that 45 of surveyed Russians supported the resignation of Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev 33 against it 33 of respondents Newsweek reported that An opinion poll by the Moscow based Levada Center indicated that 38 percent of Russians supported the rallies and that 67 percent held Putin personally responsible for high level corruption 34 A May 2017 Levada poll found that 58 of surveyed Russians supported the protests while 23 said they disapprove 35 2018 Russian pension protests edit Main article 2018 Russian pension protests nbsp The rally for fair elections 10 December 2011 at the Bolotnaya Square in Moscow Luzhkov Bridge with banners Crooks and thieves give us back elections Deputies we have not chosen you From July 2018 almost every weekend protest rallies and demonstrations were organized against the planned retirement age hike Such events occurred in nearly all major cities countrywide including Novosibirsk St Petersburg and Moscow These events were coordinated by all opposition parties with the leading role of the communists Also trade unions and some individual politicians among whom Navalny functioned as organizers of the public actions 36 An intention to hike the retirement age has drastically downed the rating of the President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev in Russia So in July 2018 just 49 would vote for Putin if the presidential elections were held in that moment while during the elections in March 2018 he got 76 7 37 38 2019 Russian protests edit Main article 2019 Moscow protests nbsp Moscow rally in support of opposition candidates for the Moscow City Duma August 10 2019 In the first half of 2019 there were approximately 863 protests across the country 39 From July 2019 protest rallies for an access to 2019 Moscow City Duma election of independent candidates started in Moscow The 20 July rally was the largest since 2012 The 27 July rally set a record in number of detainees and police violence 40 41 The 10 August rally outnumbered the 27 July rally oppositional sources report 50 60 thousand participants 42 2020 21 Khabarovsk Krai protests edit Main article 2020 2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests On 9 July 2020 the popular governor of the Khabarovsk Krai Sergei Furgal who defeated the candidate of Putin s United Russia party in elections two years ago was arrested and flown to Moscow Furgal was arrested 15 years after the alleged crimes he is accused of Every day since 11 June mass protests have been held in the Khabarovsk Krai in support of Furgal 43 On 25 July tens of thousands of people were estimated to have taken part in the third major rally in Khabarovsk 44 The protests included chants of Away with Putin This is our region Furgal was our choice or shame on LDPR and Shame on the Kremlin 44 45 46 In a Levada Center poll carried out from 24 to 25 July 2020 45 of surveyed Russians viewed the protests positively 26 neutrally and 17 negatively 47 2021 Russian protests edit Main article 2021 Russian protests nbsp Protests in Lipetsk 23 January 2021 On 23 January 2021 protests across Russia were held in support of the Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny who was detained and then jailed after returning to Russia on 17 January following his poisoning A few days before the protests an investigation by Navalny and his Anti Corruption Foundation was published accusing Putin of corruption The video garnered 70 million views in a few days 48 Since jailing of Navalny a hardening of the course was observed from the government side with a choice of go West or East being offered to prominent opposition figures meaning a non negotiable alternative of either going on emigration West or to prison colonies East Among those who left Russia are politicians Lyubov Sobol Dmitry Gudkov Ivan Zhdanov whose father had been however arrested in Russia as a hostage Kira Yarmysh journalists Andrei Soldatov Irina Borogan Roman Badanin The wave of repressions has been also linked with the September 2021 Duma elections 49 50 2021 Russian election protests edit Main article 2021 Russian election protests Protests against alleged large scale fraud in favour of the ruling party were held 51 2022 anti war protests edit Main article 2022 anti war protests in Russia See also Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine nbsp Anti war graffiti in Saint Petersburg Russia nbsp Russian opposition politician Ilya Yashin was sentenced to eight and a half years in prison for discussing the Bucha massacre in Ukraine on a YouTube stream nbsp Illustration depicting Russian artist Aleksandra Skochilenko who was arrested for replacing supermarket price tags with anti war messages Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine protesters have used the white blue white flag as a symbol of opposition though not all used the flag Several opposition activists such as Maria Motuznaya had criticized the justification by AssezJeune one of the creators of the flag to remove the red stripe 52 On the afternoon of the Russian invasion of Ukraine the Investigative Committee of Russia issued a warning to Russians that they would face legal repercussions for joining unsanctioned protests related to the tense foreign political situation 53 The protests have been met with widespread repression by the Russian authorities According to OVD Info at least 14 906 people were detained from 24 February to 13 March 54 55 including the largest single day mass arrests in post Soviet Russian history on 6 March 56 In February 2022 more than 30 000 technology workers 57 6 000 medical workers 3 400 architects 58 more than 4 300 teachers 59 more than 17 000 artists 60 5 000 scientists 61 and 2 000 actors directors and other creative figures signed open letters calling for Putin s government to stop the war 62 63 Some Russians who signed petitions against Russia s war in Ukraine lost their jobs 64 On 17 March Putin gave a speech in which he called opponents of the war scum and traitors saying that a natural and necessary self cleansing of society will only strengthen our country 65 66 Russian authorities were encouraging Russians to report their friends colleagues and family members to the police for expressing opposition to the war in Ukraine 67 More than 2 000 people were detained or fined by May 2022 under the laws prohibiting fake information about the military 68 In July 2022 Alexei Gorinov a member of the Krasnoselsky district council in Moscow was sentenced to seven years in prison after making anti war comments at a council meeting in March 69 Lawyer Pavel Chikov said that this was the first jail term under the new Russian 2022 war censorship laws 70 According to Amnesty International as of June 2023 up to 20 000 Russian citizens had been subject to heavy reprisals for opposing the war in Ukraine 71 In October 2023 Putin s close associate Vyacheslav Volodin Speaker of the State Duma said that Russians who desire the victory of the murderous Nazi Kyiv regime should be sent to the far eastern region of Magadan known for its Stalin era Gulag camps and forced to work in the mines 72 In November 2023 Volodin wrote on his Telegram channel that Russians who left the country after the Russian invasion of Ukraine and are now returning should understand that no one here is waiting for them with open arms because they committed treason against Russia 73 2022 present Russian partisan movement edit Main article Belarusian and Russian partisan movement 2022 present In response to the invasion of Ukraine numerous armed pro democratic and anti authoritarian partisan and insurgent groups have sprung up within Russia in open rebellion with the aim of sabotaging the war effort and overthrowing Putin and his regime 74 These groups primarily engage in guerrilla warfare against the state and utilize the destruction of infrastructure such as railways military recruitment centers and radio towers as well as other means to harm the state such as conducting assassinations Some of the most notable groups involved in the conflict include the Combat Organization of Anarcho Communists BOAK regarded by The Insider as The most active subversive force within Russia since the war began 9 the National Republican Army 75 the Freedom of Russia Legion 76 and the far right Russian Volunteer Corps 77 2023 Wagner rebellion edit Main article Wagner Group rebellion On June 23 2023 forces loyal to Yevgeny Prigozhin s Wagner Group began a mutiny against the Russian government Citing the Russian Ministry of Defence s and namely the Russian Minister of Defense Sergei Shoigu s mishandling of the Russian invasion of Ukraine as well as claiming the Russian army shelled one of the Wagner group s barracks resulting in casualties Wagner occupied the city of Rostov on Don surrounding and then seizing the headquarters of the Southern Military District Prigozhin vowed to march on Moscow and arrest Shoigu and other Russian generals and put them on trial for murder of Wagner personnel 78 needs update There were no sizeable spontaneous displays of public support for the Putin government during the rebellion 79 The Russian population displayed a predominantly silent and apathetic reaction 80 81 Russia analyst Anna Matveeva contrasted the Russian public s response to that of the Turkish public during the 2016 Turkish coup d etat attempt where numerous Turkish citizens actively participated in anti coup demonstrations 82 2024 Russian presidential election edit Main article 2024 Russian presidential election Putin was due to have to stand down as president in 2024 due to term limits in Russia s constitution 83 84 but it was widely expected that he would attempt to stay in power through certain means such as changing the constitution even though Putin claimed otherwise in 2018 85 86 83 As predicted Putin announced that constitutional changes would be proposed allowing him to stay in power until 2036 by resetting his terms widely criticised by opponents and these changes were then approved in a disputed referendum in which independent election monitors received hundreds of reports of violations and state employees were deliberately prompted to vote in favour 87 83 84 Leader of the opposition Alexei Navalny dismissed the legitimacy of the poll and denounced the changes saying that they would make Putin president for life 87 nbsp Boris Nadezhdin attempted to run in the 2024 election with polls and precictions indicating that he was in second place behind Putin and ahead of the other three candidates projected vote share combined Kremlinologist Mikhail Zygar said that he had become Russia s second most popular politician 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 Journalist Yekaterina Duntsova tried to run in the 2024 election on a platform opposing the war in Ukraine commenting Any sane person taking this step would be afraid but fear must not win 95 96 However she was quickly barred from running by the Central Election Commission which claimed that she had made 100 mistakes such as spelling errors on her forms and so should be denied registration 95 97 98 99 The BBC reported on Dunstova s rejection that the immediate slap down of a Putin critic will be seen as evidence by some that no dissent will be tolerated in the campaign 95 The nationalist and previously pro Putin Igor Girkin who also attempted to become a candidate openly declared that the election was a sham stating that the only winner is known in advance and I understand perfectly well that in the current situation in Russia participating in the presidential campaign is like sitting down at a table to play with card sharps 95 100 Girkin a former FSB agent was later sentenced to four years imprisonment 101 nbsp Protest outside the Russian Embassy in Berlin demanding the release of political prisoners in Russia February 2024 Boris Nadezhdin declared his intention to run on a platform of opposing Putin and the Ukraine war 102 103 He quickly gained support and queues formed in towns and villages across Russia and outside Boris Nadezhdin s headquarters in Moscow to sign their name in support of his bid for presidency 104 105 103 Footage showed how many thousands had queued even in the snow to sign their names and he garnered surprise levels of support especially from younger urban Russians 103 106 107 108 The number of Russians who had turned up to sign their names was so unexpectedly high that extra sign up centres had to be added in Moscow 107 In what was described as something seemingly unachievable in Russian politics 108 Nadezhdin managed to unify many prominent opposition politicians and public figures behind his campaign and gained their endorsements Yekaterina Duntsova who had previously been barred 109 110 Mikhail Khodorkovsky Ekaterina Schulmann Yulia Navalnaya wife of Alexei Navalny Ilya Varlamov Lyubov Sobol and many others 111 112 113 114 Russia s main opposition leader Navalny also passed a message from his imprisonment giving his backing to Nadezhdin s campaign 103 Navalny had himself been barred from the previous Russian presidential election in 2018 on what is widely seen as political grounds 103 nbsp The nationalist and pro war former FSB agent Igor Girkin openly declared that the upcoming 2024 presidential election was a sham and the only winner is known in advance He was subsequently imprisoned for insulting Putin and not allowed to run 115 95 100 116 117 Multiple sources including from inside the Kremlin stated that the Kremlin would likely seek to deny Nadezhdin a place on the ballot 118 119 120 The CEC regularly uses the process of having to collect signatures to refuse to register would be opposition candidates acting as a form of filter to stop unwanted developments for the Kremlin 121 On 30 January 2024 Kremlin propagandist and television presenter Vladimir Solovyov warned Nadezhdin I feel bad for Boris The fool didn t realize that he s not being set up to run for president but for a criminal case on charges of betraying the Motherland 118 As predicted on 8 February 2024 Nadezhdin was barred from running due to alleged irregularities in the signatures of voters supporting his candidacy 122 The election commission claimed that only 95 587 of his signatures in support of his candidacy were valid just short of the 100 000 needed to run 103 His team said that some of the errors the election commission had claimed existed were merely minor typos that happened when handwritten names were put into its computers 123 Nadezhdin published evidence of this showing Mayakovsky Street typed up as Myakovsky Street the city of Salekhard misspelled as Salikhard and one address in Rostov on Don typed up as Rostov on Dom 124 Nadezhdin explained that the commission then used this to reject these signatures on the grounds that the address of these people did not match 124 The commission also dubiously claimed that there were eleven dead people on Nadezhdin s list of signatures and that this disqualified his entire list of 105 000 signatures which was in fact more than the 100 000 required to run 125 The press contacted the man who s address had been incorrectly entered as Rostov on Dom and he confirmed he had indeed added his signature in support of Nadezhdin s candidacy saying this constitutes election obstruction 124 Suspicious death of Navalny edit nbsp Action in memory of Alexei Navalny at the monument to victims of political repression in St Petersburg on 16 February 2024 As well as endorsing Nadezhdin Alexei Navalny and his allies had called on supporters to protest Putin during the third day of the presidential election by all going to vote against him at the same time 126 Navalny then died in suspicious circumstances in his harsh imprisonment at a prison colony in the Arctic Circle aged only 47 on 16 February 2024 127 128 After his death Russians began bringing flowers to monuments to victims of political repression in cities across the country 129 People laid flowers at Moscow s Solovetsky Stone and the Wall of Grief 130 The Moscow Prosecutor s Office warned Russians against mass protests 131 Hundreds of people across more than 30 Russian cities were detained by police merely for attending makeshift memorials to Navalny 132 The authorities further aroused suspicion by refusing to release Navalny s body to his family for over a week after his death with his wife stating that his body was being kept until traces of intentional poisoning by Novichok had disappeared 133 134 135 He had previously been poisoned with Novichok by the Russian secret services in 2020 which had only been discovered at the time as an emergency evacuation had been arranged to the specialist Charite hospital in Berlin which then carried out the tests which identified the poison 134 136 Navalny s mother attempted to go to the prison colony he died in to collect Navalny s body but was repeatedly obstructed from doing so and instead sent to a morgue where his body had never been taken and not told where his body was 133 She was then reportedly threatened to agree to a secret burial of Navalny or else he would be buried at the prison being given only three hours to agree to the ultimatum 137 135 She refused to negotiate and demanded authorities complied with the law obliging investigators to hand over the body within two days of determining the causes of death 137 Navalny s wife was then forced to sign a death certificate claiming he had died of natural causes with authorities claiming he had collapsed and died of sudden death syndrome 137 135 138 Such a scenario is deemed to be suspicious due to multiple other sudden deaths of those who have criticised Putin such as Ravil Maganov and Yevgeny Prigozhin 138 Independent analysts also reject the authorities medical explanations for his death 128 More than 50 000 Russians sent requests to the Russian government demanding that they return his body to his family 139 nbsp After main opposition leader Alexei Navalny suspiciously died in February 2024 his widow Yulia Navalnaya pledged to continue his work asking Russians to stand beside me The authorities belatedly returned Navalny s body eight days after his death 135 and upon his burial on Moscow thousands defied likely repression to appear in the streets to chant his name and their opposition to Putin 140 250 000 people also watched a livestream of his funeral provided by his team despite apparent attempts by the authorities to interrupt internet coverage 141 The crowds who attended chanted no to war Russia without Putin and Russia will be free even though there was a noticeable police presence 140 The funeral ceremony was also attended by Boris Nadezhdin and Yekaterina Duntsova the two opposition candidates who had been barred from running against Putin in the presidential election with Nadezhdin stating We have come to say goodbye to a person who was a symbol of an era There is still hope that everything will be all right and Russia will be free and peaceful as Alexei had dreamed 141 There was widespread international condemnation of Russian authorities for Navalny s death 139 US President Biden commented there is no doubt that the death of Mr Navalny was a consequence of something Putin and his thugs did whilst French president Emmanuel Macron remarked on his anger and indignation adding in today s Russia free spirits are put in the gulag and sentenced to death 139 Germany s government called for the release of political prisoners in Russia with a spokesman commenting It is shocking that people are being arrested in Russia for laying flowers in honour of Alexei Navalny s death 139 After Navalny s death his wife Yulia Navalnaya said that she would continue his work asking Russians to stand beside me and share the fury and hate for those who dared to kill our future 142 143 132 She appeared before the European Parliament on 28 February 2024 and was given a standing ovation for her emotional speech in which she stated that defeating Putin requires innovation instead of only applying sanctions and resolutions against his regime 144 In March she reiterated Navalny s request for Russians to protest at the presidential election by all turning up and forming long queues at polling stations at midday on 17 March since it was a protest action that could show the strength of anti Putin feeling without the authorities being able to prevent it or arrest people for it 145 Opposition figures editZhanna Agalakova 146 147 Liya Akhedzhakova 148 149 Malik Akhmedilov 150 Georgy Alburov 151 Lyudmila Alexeyeva 152 a Maria Alyokhina 153 Maximilian Andronnikov a k a Caesar 154 Vladimir Ashurkov 155 Ilya Azar 156 Farid Babayev 157 Anastasia Baburova 158 Mikhail Beketov 159 Nikita Belykh 160 b Boris Berezovsky 161 c Darya Besedina 162 Nikolai Bondarenko 163 Dmitry Bykov 164 d Yuriy Chervochkin 165 Alexei Devotchenko 166 Roman Dobrokhotov 167 e Yury Dud 168 f Yekaterina Duntsova 169 Natalya Estemirova 158 Tatyana Felgenhauer 170 171 g Sergei Furgal 163 h Maria Gaidar 172 i Yegor Gaidar 173 j Maxim Galkin 174 k Igor Girkin 175 176 l Nikolai Glushkov 178 Alexei Gorinov 179 m Dmitry Gudkov 156 n Gennady Gudkov 180 n Andrey Illarionov 181 n Marina Kalashnikova 182 183 o Viktor Kalashnikov 182 183 p Denis Kapustin a k a White Rex 184 q Evgenia Kara Murza 185 n Vladimir Kara Murza 186 r Nadezhda Karpova 187 s Garry Kasparov 188 n Mikhail Kasyanov 189 t Maxim Katz 190 Irina Khakamada 191 Mikhail Khodorkovsky 186 n Pavel Khodorkovsky 192 n Andrei Kozyrev 193 n Nina L Khrushcheva 194 n Timur Kuashev 195 Maxim Kuzminov 196 197 Yulia Latynina 198 199 u Alexander Litvinenko 158 Marina Litvinenko 200 Mikhail Lobanov 201 Ravil Maganov 202 Sergei Magnitsky 158 Mikhail Matveyev 203 204 205 206 Stanislav Markelov 158 Boris Mints 207 v Sergey Mitrokhin 208 Sergey Mokhnatkin 209 Karinna Moskalenko 210 211 w Dmitry Muratov 212 Boris Nadezhdin 213 Yulia Navalnaya 214 Alexei Navalny 215 Boris Nemtsov 216 Zhanna Nemtsova 217 x Oleg Orlov 218 219 y Marina Ovsyannikova 220 z Oxxxymiron 222 223 224 aa Leonid Parfyonov 225 Gleb Pavlovsky 226 ab Alexander Perepilichny 227 ac Dmitry Petrov 228 Nikolay Platoshkin 229 ad Anna Politkovskaya 173 Ilya Ponomarev 230 n Lev Ponomaryov 231 Yevgeny Prigozhin 232 Mikhail Prokhorov 233 234 ae Valery Rashkin 235 236 Yevgeny Roizman 186 af Ivan Rybkin 237 ag Vladimir Ryzhkov 238 239 Yekaterina Samutsevich Ekaterina Schulmann 240 ah Viktor Shenderovich 241 ai Yuri Shevchuk 242 Lev Shlosberg 243 Ruslan Shaveddinov 151 aj Yuri Shchekochikhin 158 Yury Shutov 244 Natalya Sindeyeva 245 Aleksandra Skochilenko 246 ak Emilia Slabunova 247 Irina Slavina 248 Olga Smirnova 249 al Fyodor Smolov 250 Ksenia Sobchak 251 252 Lyubov Sobol 151 am Vladimir Sviridov Nadya Tolokonnikova Sergei Tretyakov 253 Anastasia Udaltsova 254 Sergei Udaltsov 254 Yevgeny Urlashov 255 an Denis Voronenkov 158 Alexei Venediktov 256 ao Pyotr Verzilov 257 ap Kira Yarmysh 151 n Ilya Yashin 156 aq Grigory Yavlinsky 258 Magomed Yevloyev 259 Sergei Yushenkov 158 Akhmed Zakayev 260 n Ivan Zhdanov 151 n Mikhail Svetov 261 n Symbols edit nbsp Russians protest against the war in Ukraine with the white blue white Russian flag on 2 March 2022 In 2012 the term white ribbon opposition was applied to the protesters for fair elections as they wore white ribbons as their symbol 18 The white blue white flag is a symbol of opposition to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine that has been used by Russian anti war protesters It has also been used as a symbol of opposition to the current government of Russia During the Wagner Group rebellion forces loyal to the Wagner group painted a red Z on the side of their vehicles in reference to the white Z used by Russian forces during the invasion of Ukraine 262 In culture editBooks edit 12 Who Don t Agree 2009 non fiction book by Valery Panyushkin Winter is Coming 2015 non fiction book by former Russian chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov Films edit Les Enfants terribles de Vladimir Vladimirovitch Poutine 2006 This is Our City 2007 by Alexander Shcherbanosov The Revolution That Wasn t 2008 by Alyona Polunina Term ru 2018 by Alexander Rastorguyev ru uk Putin s Palace History of the World s Largest Bribe 2021 by Alexei Navalny Navalny 2022 by Daniel RoherSee also editBelarusian and Russian partisan movement 2022 present Assassination of Boris Nemtsov Belarusian opposition Democracy movements of China Dissenters March Kazakh opposition Kirill Serebrennikov National Endowment for Democracy Non system opposition Political groups under Vladimir Putin s presidency Reaction of Russian intelligentsia to the 2014 annexation of Crimea Russia under Vladimir Putin Russia will be free Notes edit Died in 2018 Since 2018 has been imprisoned In exile since 2000 subject to an Interpol Red Notice by the Russian government found dead in mysterious circumstances in 2013 Survived a suspected poisoning in 2019 In exile since 2021 warrant for his arrest issued by Russian government In exile since 2022 designated a foreign agent by the Russian government Survived an attempted murder in 2017 currently in exile Since 2020 has been imprisoned Currently lives abroad Survived a poisoning in 2006 died unexpectedly at 53 in 2009 In exile since 2022 designated a foreign agent by the Russian government Sentenced to four years imprisonment in a penal colony in 2024 for insulting Putin 177 Sentenced to seven years imprisonment in 2022 for objecting to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine 179 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Currently in exile Survived a mercury poisoning with her husband in exile in 2010 Survived a mercury poisoning with his wife in exile in 2010 Currently fighting in Ukraine Survived poisoning by FSB agents in 2015 and 2017 imprisoned since 2022 Currently lives abroad In exile since 2022 Fled Russia in 2017 after numerous attacks and threats against her Currently in exile arrest warrant issued by the Russian government Survived a mercury poisoning in 2008 Currently in exile Imprisoned since 2024 In exile since 2023 sentenced to 8 5 years imprisonment in absentia for spreading knowingly false information 221 Designated a foreign agent by the Russian government Died in 2023 Died in suspicious circumstances aged 34 in 2012 Issued a five year suspended prison sentence in 2021 Currently lives abroad Since 2022 has been imprisoned Survived a kidnapping in 2004 Currently in exile designated a foreign agent by the Russian government In exile since 2022 Designated a foreign agent by the Russian government warrant for his arrest also issued Sentenced to seven years imprisonment in 2023 for replacing five price tags in a local supermarket with notes criticising the Russian invasion of Ukraine In exile since 2022 Currently in exile warrant for her arrest issued by Russian government Imprisoned since 2017 Labelled a foreign agent by the Russian Government in 2022 Survived a poisoning in 2017 Since 2022 has been imprisonedReferences edit Ben Noble Putin just won a supermajority in the Duma That 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Retrieved 9 March 2024 a b Kremlin propagandists finally acknowledge anti war presidential hopeful Boris Nadezhdin and surprise they say Kyiv and Russia s exiled opposition are controlling him Meduza 2 February 2024 Hope for Change or Kremlin Spoiler Who Is Boris Nadezhdin the Presidential Hopeful Uniting Pro Peace Russians The Moscow Times 25 January 2024 Putin s antiwar rival blocked from contesting Russia presidential election AlJazeera 8 February 2024 Retrieved 12 February 2024 Russian Anti War Candidacy Bid An Unexpected Obstacle In Kremlin s Effort To Smoothly Reinstall Putin RFE RL 30 January 2024 Retrieved 18 February 2024 Russian anti war candidate Boris Nadezhdin banned from election The Guardian 8 February 2024 Russia blocks war critic Nadezhdin from facing Putin in presidential vote France24 8 February 2024 Retrieved 12 February 2024 a b c This constitutes election obstruction Putin challenger Boris Nadezhdin says Russia s Central Election Commission invalidated some signatures in support of candidacy due to its own misspellings Meduza 7 February 2024 Retrieved 9 March 2024 Russia bars antiwar candidate from challenging Putin in March election Washington Post 8 February 2024 Retrieved 9 March 2024 Navalny Calls for Election Day Protest Against Putin Ukraine Invasion The Moscow Times 1 February 2024 They re doing everything to avoid handing over his body Kremlin plays for time after Navalny s death The Guardian 17 February 2024 Retrieved 18 February 2024 a b They killed him Was Putin s critic Navalny murdered AlJazeera 17 February 2024 Retrieved 18 February 2024 Navalny tributes removed by group of masked men as Moscow police look on The Independent 17 February 2024 Moscow police begin arresting people leaving flowers in memorial of Alexey Navalny Meduza 17 February 2024 Russia s most famous opposition figure has died in prison Meduza 16 February 2024 Archived from the original on 16 February 2024 Retrieved 16 February 2024 a b Alexei Navalny s widow Yulia Navalnaya vows to continue his work BBC News 19 February 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 a b Navalny s family demands return of his body as hundreds detained at memorials across Russia The Independent 17 February 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 a b Alexei Navalny Mother demands Putin return son s body BBC News 20 February 2020 Retrieved 8 March 2024 a b c d Authorities return body of Alexei Navalny to mother 8 days after death BBC News 24 February 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 Alexei Navalny Russia opposition leader poisoned with Novichok Germany BBC News 2 September 2020 Retrieved 8 March 2024 a b c Navalny s mother resisting pressure for secret funeral opposition says The Guardian 23 February 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 a b What we know about Alexei Navalny s death in Arctic Circle prison BBC News 20 February 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 a b c d Alexei Navalny What we know about the death of Putin s critic Sky News 19 February 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 a b Alexei Navalny Crowds chant defiance as they bid farewell to Navalny BBC News 1 March 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 a b Alexei Navalny funeral draws thousands to heavily policed Moscow church The Guardian 1 March 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 Navalny s Widow Pledges to Carry On Opposition Leader s Work New York Times 19 February 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 Stand Beside Me Navalny s Widow Promises to Carry on His Work New York Times 19 February 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 To defeat Putin stop being boring Yulia Navalnaya tells MEPs BBC News 28 February 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 Alexei Navalny Widow urges Russians to protest on election day BBC News 6 March 2024 Retrieved 8 March 2024 Ukraine war Troops could quit Severodonetsk amid Russian advance official BBC News 27 May 2022 Retrieved 27 January 2024 Making Putin Great Again and Again Zhanna Agalakova Moscow Times 15 December 2022 Retrieved 27 January 2024 Russian Actress Kremlin Critic Akhedzhakova Leaves Moscow Theater Amid Pressure RFE RL 30 March 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Moscow Theater Cancels Plays With Kremlin Critic Liya Akhedzhakova Moscow Times 9 February 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Abdulmalik Akhmedilov Committee to Protect Journalists 11 August 2009 Retrieved 17 February 2024 a b c d e Russia Two years after Aleksei Navalny s arrest Russian opposition figures suppressed jailed or exiled Amnesty International 23 January 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Wise and humane Soviet dissident Lyudmila Alexeyeva dies aged 91 The Guardian 9 December 2018 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Pussy Riot s Maria Alyokhina says she escaped Russia dressed as a food courier CNN 12 May 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2023 We are Russians just like you anti Putin militias enter the spotlight The Guardian 24 May 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russian opposition activist Vladimir Ashurkov is granted asylum in UK The Guardian 1 April 2015 Retrieved 2 June 2023 a b c In Moscow Putin s opponents chalk up a symbolic victory Politico 15 September 2017 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russian opposition election candidate shot Reuters 21 November 2007 Retrieved 2 June 2023 a b c d e f g h Here are 10 critics of Vladimir Putin who died violently or in suspicious ways Washington Post 23 April 2017 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russian Khimki forest journalist Mikhail Beketov dies BBC News 9 April 2013 Retrieved 17 February 2024 Russian opposition leader found guilty of embezzlement his lawyers pledge to appeal Los Angeles Town 8 February 2017 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Boris Berezovsky Russia remembers controversial figure BBC News 24 March 2014 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Congratulations You re an Elected Russian Opposition Official Now What Moscow Times 3 February 2020 Retrieved 2 June 2023 a b Will a New Generation of Russians Modernize Their Country Carengie 4 February 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Another Putin critic reportedly targeted in Kremlin 2019 poisoning operation The Independent 9 June 2019 Retrieved 2 June 2023 The National Bolshevik was buried under guard Kommersant 14 December 2007 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Anti Putin activist found dead in Moscow home The Guardian 6 November 2014 Retrieved 2 June 2023 The brave journalists risking all to hold Vladimir Putin to account The New European 17 February 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Russian regulator warns local media over coverage of Ukraine war AlJazeera 26 February 2020 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russia bans anti war candidate from challenging Putin BBC News 23 December 2023 Retrieved 26 January 2024 Nobody defends us Russian journalists respond to knife attack The Guardian 23 October 2017 Retrieved 25 February 2024 Not a single person in Vilnius was aggressive when they heard I was from Russia interview with Russian journalist LRT 1 January 2023 Retrieved 25 February 2024 Daughter of ex Russian PM defying Kremlin eyes top post in key Ukraine region Reuters 20 July 2015 Retrieved 2 June 2023 a b Former Russian PM Gaidar poisoned say his doctors The Independent 1 December 2006 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russian star and Putin critic Maxim Galkin packs out Irish venue for live show tonight Independent ie 26 August 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Putin critic Girkin wants to stand in Russia presidential election BBC News 19 November 2023 Retrieved 26 January 2024 Russia arrests pro war Putin critic Igor Girkin according to reports The Guardian 21 July 2023 Retrieved 26 January 2024 Igor Girkin shot down a passenger jet then insulted Putin Which one put him in jail BBC News 19 November 2023 Retrieved 26 January 2024 Nikolai Glushkov Putin critic strangled in London home by third party BBC News 9 April 2021 Retrieved 2 June 2023 a b Russia Ukraine war Moscow politician gets 7 years for denouncing war BBC News 8 July 2022 Retrieved 27 January 2024 Russian Duma expels anti Putin MP Gennady Gudkov BBC News 14 September 2012 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Agent of chaos How to read Putin s lies U turns and retreats Politico 12 November 2012 Retrieved 3 June 2023 a b A history of political poisonings DW News 21 August 2020 Retrieved 25 February 2024 a b After Litvinenko poisoners strike down ex KGB boss The Times 20 November 2010 Retrieved 25 February 2024 How Russians end up in a far right militia fighting in Ukraine Pikulicka Wilczewska Agnieszka 27 May 2023 Alexei Navalny Dissent is dangerous in Russia but activists refuse to give up BBC News 25 February 2024 Retrieved 25 February 2024 a b c Vladimir Putin s critics dead jailed exiled France24 17 April 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Nadya Karpova The Russia striker speaking out against war in Ukraine BBC Sport 6 June 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Garry Kasparov Why become a martyr I can do much more outside Russia The Guardian 30 April 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Russia is electing a new parliament but hardly anyone thinks Putin s party will lose Los Angeles Times 17 September 2016 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Liberal anti Putin coalition causes upset in Moscow council elections The Guardian 11 September 2017 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Russia s other presidential hopefuls BBC News 6 March 2004 Retrieved 26 January 2024 Mikhail Khodorkovsky reunion son Pavel speaks after decade of separation The Telegraph 21 December 2013 Retrieved 3 June 2023 How Sergey Lavrov lost his levity to become Putin s Mr Nyet The Times 6 March 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Mariupol defenders ignore Russia surrender deadline Putin could use nuclear weapons Khrushchev s great granddaughter BBC News 17 April 2022 p 2 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Ms Khrushcheva a Russia scholar at the New School in New York and long time critic of Mr Putin Russian journalist s body found after disappearance The Guardian 5 August 2014 Retrieved 17 February 2024 Russian pilot Maxim Kuzminov who defected to Ukraine shot dead in Spain BBC News 21 February 2024 Retrieved 24 February 2024 What we know about Russian pilot Maxim Kuzminov who defected to Ukraine and is now believed to be dead Le Monde 21 February 2024 Retrieved 24 February 2024 Kremlin Critic Latynina Leaves Russia After Arson Attack On Her Car RFE RL 9 September 2017 Retrieved 25 February 2024 Russian Opposition Journalist Latynina s Home Attacked With Pungent Gas Moscow Times 20 July 2017 Retrieved 25 February 2024 Alexander Litvinenko s widow joins anti Putin protest outside Russian embassy The Guardian 25 February 2023 Retrieved 26 January 2024 Russian Police Raid Opposition Politicians Homes Detain Activist Moscow Times 18 May 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russian oil boss Ravil Maganov who criticised war in Ukraine dies after falling from hospital window Sky News 1 September 2022 Retrieved 17 February 2024 Russia s anti war lobby goes online France24 26 February 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2023 The participant of the rally in Samara demanded the resignation of the chairman of the CEC Teppa ru 27 December 2011 Retrieved 3 June 2023 CVC Central Election Committee on the elections to the Coordinating Council of the Russian Opposition Archived from the original on 23 September 2012 Retrieved 19 September 2012 Navalny Alexei 4 October 2012 Eshyo ne pozdno podderzhat Matveeva i ostalnyh i pomoch im projti vo vtoroj tur Golosovanie idyot Twitter Retrieved 3 June 2023 The Russian billionaire daring to speak out about Putin BBC News 11 August 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Two prominent activists are planning to run for the same Moscow City Duma seat prompting tensions among opposition supporters Meduza 13 May 2019 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Freedom House 2014 Freedom in the World 2014 The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties Rowman amp Littlefield p 573 ISBN 9781442247079 A Brief History of Attempted Russian Assassinations by Poison Foreign Policy 9 March 2018 Retrieved 25 February 2024 Russian lawyer suspects mercury poisoning NBC News 16 October 2008 Retrieved 25 February 2024 Dmitry Muratov Nobel Peace Prize winner and Putin critic doused in paint during attack on Moscow train The Independent 8 April 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Ukrainian counter offensive against Russia expected in weeks rather than months Western officials say i 1 June 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2023 I am not afraid Yulia Navalnaya first lady of the Russian opposition movement emerges as a force to be reckoned with MSNBC 11 February 2021 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Factbox Who is Alexei Navalny and what does he say of Russia Putin and death Reuters 13 April 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2023 The man who dared to criticize Putin DW 27 February 2020 Retrieved 2 June 2023 My father was killed because he understood early the plans of Putin Zhanna Nemtsova CNN Retrieved 18 February 2024 Crime of the regime Russian dissident Orlov reacts to Navalny s death France24 16 February 2024 Retrieved 18 February 2024 Ukraine war Oleg Orlov faces jail time for criticising Putin s war BBC News 9 June 2023 Retrieved 18 February 2024 Former Russian state TV journalist claims Putin doesn t have enough Novichok to kill growing number of critics Sky News 11 May 2023 Retrieved 26 January 2024 Marina Ovsyannikova Anti war Russian journalist sentenced in absentia BBC News 4 October 2023 Retrieved 26 January 2024 Nechepurenko Ivan Bilefsky Dan 24 February 2022 Thousands of Russians protest President Vladimir V Putin s assault on Ukraine Some chant No to war New York Times Retrieved 3 June 2023 Russian Rapper Oxxxymiron Stages Anti War Rallying Cry From Istanbul Moscow Times 19 April 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Anti war Russians in Turkey unite at rap concert for Ukraine Reuters 15 March 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Hunger Striker Oleg Shein Becomes Russia s Opposition Hero Bloomberg News 18 February 2012 Retrieved 26 January 2024 Kremlin image maker turned critic Gleb Pavlovsky dies at 71 The Independent 27 February 2023 Retrieved 25 February 2024 EXPLORE Tomer Hanuka GLOBAL AN ENEMY OF THE KREMLIN DIES IN LONDON The Atlantic January 2017 Retrieved 25 February 2024 In Memory of Dmitry Petrov CrimethInc 3 May 2023 Retrieved 22 November 2023 Russia Prisoner of conscience Nikolai Platoshkin s suspended conviction must be quashed Amnesty International 19 May 2021 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Targeted killings spark debate within Russian opposition Politico 24 April 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russian activist Lev Ponomarev The Kremlin is digging its own grave by letting spooks take over domestic policy The Independent 20 January 2019 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Weak Putin killed Wagner mercenary chief Prigozhin Zelensky says The Independent 8 September 2023 Retrieved 17 February 2024 Kremlin critic Mikhail Prokhorov does not fear being sent to jail The Telegraph 18 September 2011 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Vladimir Putin s time as leader has passed says Mikhail Prokhorov The Telegraph 1 February 2012 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Kremlin framed me says Russia s anti Putin Communist star caught with elk blood on his hands The Telegraph 29 October 2021 Retrieved 27 January 2024 Veteran Communist Party Lawmaker Detained for Illegal Hunting Moscow Times 29 October 2021 Retrieved 27 January 2024 Russian Politician Missing for 3 Days Los Angeles Times 9 February 2004 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russia election Vladimir Putin celebrates victory BBC News 6 March 2012 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Mikhail Gorbachev had a huge impact on world history says Vladimir Putin The Independent 31 August 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russians who live abroad say Moscow is hardening the views of those back home NBC 27 March 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russian Writer Staunch Kremlin Critic Barred From Entering Georgia RFE RL 2 June 2023 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russia prosecutes veteran rock star for criticising Ukraine conflict France24 20 May 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Opposition Politician Accused of Discrediting Russian Military Moscow Times 15 April 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Putin Critic Serving Life Sentence Dies In Jail RFE RL 15 December 2014 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Meet Natalya Sindeyeva has she got news for Vladimir Putin The Guardian 20 February 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Russian artist jailed for seven years over Ukraine war price tag protest The Guardian 16 November 2023 Retrieved 17 February 2024 Russian regional deputies urge Putin to issue decree ending mobilisation Reuters 6 December 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russia drove democracy activist to fireball suicide The Times 11 October 2020 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russian Ukrainian ballet stars to dance together in Naples The Independent 4 April 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russian soccer player Fedor Smolov publicly opposes Putin s decision to invade Ukraine No to war Washington Post 29 September 2023 Retrieved 25 February 2022 Russian opposition figures Ksenia Sobchak BBC News 12 June 2012 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Ksenia Sobchak Police raid home of Russian Paris Hilton and Putin critic Sky News 26 October 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Russia The KGB s Post Soviet Commercialization RFE RL 20 December 2006 Retrieved 2 June 2023 a b Russian opposition figures Sergei and Anastasia Udaltsov BBC News 12 June 2012 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russian Mayor an Opposition Figure Is Arrested New York Times 3 July 2013 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Top radio chief sees Russia thrown back 40 years France24 26 April 2022 Retrieved 18 February 2024 Highly probable Pussy Riot activist was poisoned say German doctors The Guardian 18 September 2018 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Russians tire of Putin says opposition leader Reuters 30 November 2011 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Owner of Russian opposition website killed Reuters 31 August 2008 Retrieved 2 June 2023 From Russia with 3 billion Another Putin opponent may have fled to London The Guardian 30 August 2007 Retrieved 2 June 2023 Criminal Case Opened Against Leader Of Libertarian Party Of Russia Radio free Europe 3 August 2023 Retrieved 10 March 2024 Red Z Wagner Twitter Retrieved 24 June 2023 External links edit nbsp Media related to Demonstrations and protests in Russia at Wikimedia Commons List of political prisoners in Russia Russian in 2015 compiled by New Chronicle of Current Events Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Opposition to 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